MRI process. MRI: What is the procedure for this procedure

One of the most modern ways to study the human body is MRI. Layer-by-layer image of fabrics with this method possible thanks to this phenomenon as nuclear- Magnetic resonance (NMR).Despite the terrible name, this method of research has nothing to do with radiation.

What is the essence?

Earlier diagnostic procedures (X-ray study and - CT) have contraindications for part of patients due to radial load. The MRI is based on the properties of the magnetic field.

Effect of NMR was opened in the middle of the last century. It is proved that the nuclei of individual atoms absorb the energy of the electromagnetic pulse, transform it into the radio signal, which is then emitted.

In medicine, this method was applied only after 30 years. In the eighties in the capital of France, the World Congress of Radiologists was held. These are scientists and demonstrated the first MRI devices, which are at the heart of the actions of which were NMR of hydrogen - the most occurring element in the nature. The received signals processes a computer program, after which the radiologist receives snapshots of the tissues.

The method is developing and improved, its applications expands. Today, MRI is successfully used to diagnose the pathologies of the spine, vessels, organs abdominal cavity and small pelvis, heart, musculoskeletal system.

What are the advantages of the method?

1. Non-invasiveness;
2. Informativeness;
3. Lack of complications;
4. Safety;
5. Practically does not need preparation;
6. Three-dimensional images.

What is an MRI apparatus?

The diagnostic apparatus consists of a large pipe in the form of a cylinder and a magnet located around it. The patient falls on the table moving inside the pipe. Today at the disposal of medicine available different kinds Tomographs, including open beams and a shortened tunnel. The capabilities of the devices of the last models are very large: with their help they receive clear pictures of various parts of the body. However, not all studies can be carried out equally qualitatively on tomographs of different species, for example, on the open. In each case, a specialist council is required. After scanning, the image processes a computer that is placed in another room adjacent to the device.

Is it necessary to be afraid of surveys?

The MRI study is carried out with the hospitalization of the patient, as well as in the outpatient basis. The human body is fixed by straps motionless on a special table. Radio-wave devices are placed near the surveyed part of the body.

Sometimes the procedure is carried out with contrast. In this case, the contrast agent is supplied to the blood through a catheter.

At the end preparatory events The patient moves to the magnet center. Medical staff goes to another room in which the computer is located. With it, the data of a tomographic study is processed. On the start of the scan show the sounds (clicks) of the device. At this time it is important to maintain immobility. In pauses, the patient can relax a bit, but, nevertheless, it is necessary to maintain immobility.

After the procedure, the catheter gets. As a rule, the study passes within 45 minutes.

Side effects of research

• • In general, the procedure MRI is painless. However, from still lying, the patient may not feel quite comfortable.
  • There are people who scares a closed space. Such patients recommended open-type tomograph. The doctor may also offer to accept sedative drugs. But such people are a little - 1/20 from all examined.
  • May increase the temperature of the body of the body, which is exposed to study. It should not be worried because it is quite normal.
  • Some people are worried about loneliness: because the radiologist and other medical staff are in the neighboring room. Others are afraid that their possible bad health will remain unnoticed by the doctor. However, it is not necessary to worry: in the study, it is possible to communicate a patient with medical personnel.

• The scanner buzzes quite loudly, so the patient is offered to use headphones or earrings.
• During the installation of the catheter and the supply of a contrast substance, the patient may have discomfort. Also, the appearance in the mouth of the metal taste is not excluded.
• Very rarely, the patient has an allergy to a contrast agent: itching, eye irritation. Sometimes it begins to nausea, pain appears. This is necessary to inform the doctor.
• Nursing mommies are recommended to stop breast-feeding At least for a day after entering the blood of a contrast agent. All this time it is necessary to grind milk from each breast. It is believed that in 24 hours this substance is completely excreted from the body. Although according to some data, the components of the contrast agent are not toxic for the child. But, as they say, God is escaped!

Video: Conducting the MRI procedure

Study of the vessels of the brain

To date, several modes and programs for MRI brain vessels have been developed. The examination method is noted in the history of the patient's disease and indicates in the direction of MR-tomography. Therefore, it is important that visiting the medical institution precedes the conduct of the MRI of the brain. A specialist in drawing up a research plan will surely take into account all contraindications.

One of the safest and at the same time effective ways Brain studies - MRI method. As a result of the MRI of the brain vessels, not only their structure is estimated, but also a functional state. Usually the radiologist receives a fairly distinct image of the vessels, but in some complex cases The study passes with contrast.

As a result of the study, it is possible to make many sections of the problem area, to obtain its image in different planes, consider the specifics of blood flow. The desired part of the test vessel can be allocated in a certain projection.

When is the tomographic examination of the head?

The main indications of the MRI of the brain vessels include:

Capabilitiesthat open using the MP tomography method:

• The study helps to make a right treatment plan;
• Monitored treatment;
• The diagnosis is specified;
• Pathology is recognized in the most early deadlines its development.

MRI of the head vessels visualizes not only the vessels themselves, but also the surrounding fabrics. Moreover, this occurs without the use of X-rays and a contrast material used in the case of computer tomography.

The method helps to determine the exact localization of blood clots, damage to the vessel walls ,.

No doubt, the MRI method due to its safety and high informativeness exceeds more early ways Diagnostics: CT and X-ray. You can make MRI brain vessels in any medical institution in which there are appropriate equipment.

Video: MRI brain

Research of the spine

If in the near-past past, the state of the spinal column was possible only with the help of radiographic methods (which is not always safe), then the method of magnetic resonance tomography appeared later, which appeared later, became a real breakthrough in the diagnosis. In fact, medicine has come to a completely new level. With this non-invasive technique, the development of the pathological process is studied in the dynamics. Three-dimensional sections of problem areas are obtained. The resulting images are displayed on the computer monitor, then the pictures can be printed and placed in the history of the disease.

Usually, the mp tomography of the spinal column is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis with pain in the back or legs. With the help of the MP tomography method, it is possible:

1. Detect damage to intervertebral discs;
2. Determine the degree of pressure on the roots of the damaged disk nerves;
3. Diagnose the congenital pathology of the under study;
4. Determine violations in blood movement in one or another spinal section;
5. Diagnose bone and nervous tissue tumors;
6. Reveal the narrowing of the spinal channel;
7. See traumatic damage in nerve fibers;
8. Detect metastases of malignant lung tumors, prostate, chest;
9. Find changes in the nerve fibers that occurred as a result of diseases;
10. Reveal the foci of inflammation, osteoporosis;
11. Detect the spine area affected by infection.

• A person with prostheses (as for the dentures, their presence is not contraindicated), a pacemaker and other metal-containing inclusions;
• Patients with convulsive syndrome and;
• People with psyche disorder;
• Patients with claustrophobia;
• Those who can develop an allergic response to contrast.

It is not necessary to prepare for the procedure. Naturally, all metallic subjects to the patient will have to remove, as it will be in a strong magnetic field.

Study of the cervical spine

One of the most complex and important nodes of the human body is the cervical vertebral pillar. In this place there is a lot of blood vessels, nervous and muscle fibers, vertebral elements. In their pathology, all organism systems suffer. Sometimes diseases are accompanied by similar symptoms, therefore, to solve the correct diagnosis, the procedure of the MRI of the cervical spine and neck vessels is appointed.

Indications for MRI of the spine

1. Dystrophically-degenerative changes of the tissues of the spine;
2. Neck injuries;
3. Congenital organ abnormalities;
4. Suspicion of hernia and spine displacement displacement;
5. Spondylitrite, osteomyelitis, spondylitis;
6. Suspicion of metastases;
7. The upcoming surgery on the spine.

These diseases are manifested by pain in their hands, ringing in the ears, the numbness of the neck, the deterioration of hearing and vision, the oscillating of blood pressure. Mirty vessels of the neck allows you to reveal the causes of the body's work.

MR-tomography heart

The cardiovascular system in the body owns a special role - blood circulation. Thanks to the work of the heart, the blood comes to all cells human body And brings oxygen to them. Even small disorders in the work of this system can lead to irreversible health effects. These organs wear out faster than others: the heart is in constant motion, and the vessels are experiencing a pulse load.

It is not doubtful that the heart and vessels must be helped. How? First, observe the mode, there is healthy foods, to refuse from bad habits. And secondly, the study on time. Detection of the problem in the early stages, no one is secret, gives more chances to recovery. MRI of coronary vessels and hearts will give the opportunity to find all problems in the system. And according to the results of the survey, the doctor will appoint proper treatment.

MRI method is absolutely safe for cardiac activity. The magnetic field is harmless to myocardium, vascular walls, heart rhythm. After the study, there are no residual phenomena.

Heart examination shows:

• Changes in the structure of the heart and the entire coronary system;
• Reducing or increase blood flow. Blood supply depends on the reception of medicines, hormonal drugs, load, stress;
• Stenosis or cholesterol sediments: even the slightest violation of the bandwidth of the arteries worsens heart activities;
• Changes in heartcard functions;
• Pathological changes in myocardial;
• Disorders in the structure and operation of the valve system;
• Education (benign and malignant);
• (congenital or acquired);
• Postoperative states of blood vessels and hearts.

Healthy heart (left) and well detected with MRI (right)

The complexity in the examination of the heart is that this body cannot be fixed. Breathing also affects the result of scanning. To make high-quality pictures, it is necessary to use heavy power tomographs. Therefore, when studying a cardiovascular system, devices can be used capable of creating magnetic field strength of more than 1.5 Tesla. This allows you to take snapshots of sections is not thicker than 1 mm. And for a clearer picture, the study can be carried out with contrast.

Three-dimensional high-quality images are obtained on such tomographs. Vessels and surrounding fabrics are visible at any depth and in a variety of angles. Cardiac rhythm and magnetic field strength in modern MRI devices are synchronized. Research of vessels is carried out in statics, and in dynamics.

Absolute contraindications:

1. Presence in the body of electronic devices (ferromagnetic ear implants, cardiosmulators);
2. Metal implants, clamps, brackets;

Relative contraindications:

1. Claustrophobia;
2. Postoperative state that requires the use of supporting equipment;
3. Pregnancy (first trimester);
4. Unhealthy muscle activity.

Diagnosis of abdominal cavity

Usually, not mp tomography is appointed to diagnose pathologies of organs in the body of peritoneum, but other ways of research. For example, computer tomographs are better distinguished by a gallbladder and intestines. Fibrogastroscopy has proven itself in the study of the stomach. However, soft fabrics better sees Mr-tomograph. Therefore, to clarify the diagnosis of bile ducts, vessels, adrenal glands, liver, MRI is assigned. Using the method, you can reveal the exact location of the organ, its shape and size, to detect a painful process, as well as the connection of the latter with neighboring authorities.

Liver thrombosis in the image of MRI

MRI is quite expensive procedure, therefore it is appointed only if necessary as a supplement to the studies passed.

The advantage of this method is its security. The procedure without the use of X-rays allows it to apply it even when pregnant examinations. If you need to carry out an additional study, then the procedure can be repeated without complications. Also, when studying the state of vessels in the abdominal cavity, it is not necessary to apply a contrast substance, which makes this method indispensable for allergies. Of course, if you need to consider the cellular structure of organs in more detail, determine their blood supply, it is possible to use contrast. However, it should only solve this doctor.

What reveals mp tomography

• Liver fatty, cirrhosis;
• Tumors of different nature;
• Bleeding, infection, inflammation;
• Obstruction of bile ducts;
• Cholesterol sediments and other reasons for blood violations in vessels;
• The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Important!The patient should not refuse an additional clarifying procedure - MRI of the abdominal organs, if a doctor appointed it.

MP tomography of limb vessels

In the arterial and venous drill of the lower extremities, blood circulation can occur. Determine the degree of this violation will help MRI foot vessels. According to the results of the study, it is possible to conclude about the injuries of vessels, anomalies in their development, diseases, predict subsequent manifestations of the disease and prescribe the most suitable treatment method.

thrombosis of foot vessels in the image of MRI

Absolute and relative contraindications when conducting MRI of the vessels of the legs, as in the diagnosis of other organs (MRI of the kidney vessels, abdominal cavity, heart).

Application of MRI in the study of knee joints

About 70% of all the injuries of the lower limbs fall on the knee joints. This can happen to people of any age and lead to complete loss of working capacity.

MRI of the knee joint currently applies to clarify the diagnosis at the following injuries:

• Damage to ligaments;
• Gap of meniscus;
• Damage to tendons.

MP tomography not only confirms one or another injury, but also shows more complex changes occurring in tissues.

Why mp tomography?

The most used methods of study of the foot vessels are computed tomography, and MP tomography.

The safest of these methods are MRI and Doppler. It should be noted high informativeness of both one and the other method. However, the advantage of the MRI is that, according to the results of the study, the patient and his doctor receive a three-dimensional, detailed, in detail the image of all elements of interest.

If you compare MRI and CT, they are both reliable and can be successfully used to form a proper diagnosis. The main difference between MRI from CT in the absence of X-ray radiation. Therefore, MRI contraindications are much smaller, and the method can be recommended by a greater circle of patients, even pregnant women.

Video: MRI comparison with CT

Among the variety of methods for diagnosing MRI occupies a special place. Maximum advantages and minimum of contraindications make it a choice method. Nevertheless, only a doctor should do the final conclusions.

- This is a modern research method that allows you to estimate the structure of internal organs and tissues. MRI also allows you to visualize the work of the body tissues and assess the degree of their functioning.

Operating principle

The basis of MRI diagnostics is nuclear magnetic resonance. Electromagnetic waves that come from the MRI apparatus cause the electromagnetic response of hydrogen nuclei, which are highlighted and transmit an image to the monitor screen connected to the MRI apparatus.

The number of hydrogen nuclei in each cell determines its color in the image. The density of tissues and the number of hydrogen atoms in them determine the color of the tissues (bone fabric is light, close to white, soft tissues - dark).

Contraindications

Magnetic resonance therapy is shown to perform not all categories to patients.

Exclude this procedure follows if available:

• stimulants (pacemakers, spinal and brain stimulants, insulin pumps) - electromagnetic radiation from the device can disrupt the operation of the device, which can lead to an instant infarction or stroke);
• ferromagnetic implants and the Eliasov apparatus;
• claustrophobia (if necessary, research is performed under general anesthesia);
• mental illness (if necessary, under general anesthesia);
• heart failure in the decompensation stage;
• weight of more than 240 kilograms (the maximum allowable weight that can withstand the device);
• allergic reactions to contrast substances;
• the presence of metal implants;
• the presence of tattoos (it is necessary to discuss the possibility of conducting a procedure with a doctor who will conduct an MRI study);
• suspections for the body of bullets or fragments of ammunition.

Preparation for the MRI procedure

Special preparations for MRI studies are required only in cases of diagnosing the organs of a small pelvis, the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the conduct of contrasting research.

Before the procedure for performing magnetic resonance tomography For the study of the abdominal organs, it is necessary to abandon meals for 8 hours, and liquids - 30 minutes before the study. In the study of a direct or sigmoid intestine, it is necessary to clean the intestine with the help of the enema.

Similar actions need to be held before study by small pelvis. Failure to eat in this case is necessary for a good visualization of small pelvis organs, which may be difficult to have extended intestinal loops after meals. Empathy is also recommended and the taking of antispasmodic drugs (according to the testimony of the doctor).

If a magnetic resonance imaging is required with the introduction of contrast, it is necessary to limit the reception of some in 2-3 days medicinal preparations. Reception of medicines can determine the insufficient distribution of contrast, as well as its subsequent excretion from the body.

Before performing research data you must consult with your doctor On the need for contrast, its composition, as well as possible cancellation or replacement of drugs. Also for 2 hours before performing contrasting research, it is necessary to limit meals.

How is MRI?

Conducting magnetic resonance tomography of one area takes from 15 to 30 minutes. The duration of the procedure depends on the value of the region (the study of the neck will be carried out faster than the lower limbs or the abdominal region), as well as human weight.

Entering the office, a person undresses necessarily removes all the decorations And falls on a special table. Above a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe body, the device itself is installed - a large semicircle. It will transmit electromagnetic radiation of human body cells. The doctor who is in the same or in the neighboring office gives instructions to the patient and provides information on the start and completion of the procedure.

During the entire time of research, the patient must lie motionlessly, without making absolutely no movements. The exception is the situation when the doctor asks to take a deep breath or exhalation.

After the doctor reports on the completion of the procedure, the device is shifted, giving the patient an opportunity to get up and dressed. The results of the study appear at the doctor immediately on the monitor, however, you will need a few hours to make full description and get the diagnostic conclusion of an instrumental diagnostic specialist.

Distinctive features of MRI.

Dignity

The main advantage of MRI is the excellent visualization of soft tissues, internal organs, vessels, as well as tissues of the head and spinal cord.

Worldwide MRI used for studies of nervous tissue and brain functions.

It is due to the MRI diagnostics that have become possible studies of the emotional sphere of man and identifying the relevant structures of the brain, which are involved when a person is experiencing one or another emotion.

Thanks to MRI diagnostics were obtained New data on Parkinson's disease and the effects of dopamine on neural connections. Due to such visualization, diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system It became easier for every person.

In practice, such visualization applied with functional MRIWhen the individual arrangement of the structures of the cerebral cortex is determined and they evaluate their work during diseases of the nervous system, as well as after transferred pathological conditions (hemorrhage, abscess, ischemic stroke).

MRI spine with axial load Allows not only to reveal the hernia, but also to know its degree and change position relative to the spinal cord when changing the position of the body and the load on the vertebral barrel.

MRI spectroscopy. - this is another new method Studies that allows you to determine the movement of the intercellular and intracellular fluid. This method of diagnostics allows you to assess damage after a heart attack, stroke and suggest a zone of necrosis and ischemia in the future. It is also used to diagnose the progression of malignant formations, which allows you to predict the speed of their growth and distribution, as well as determine the point of impact for therapeutic procedures.

Another undoubted advantage of MRI - This is the possibility of using this method of research in pregnant women. Due to the fact that magnetic resonance imaging is based on the electromagnetic radiation of hydrogen atoms, there is no need to use X-ray radiation, which negatively affects the development of the fetus.

One of the advantages of MRI is the ability to measure the temperature of the internal organs and tissues. This technique allows you to use MRI in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, heating certain parts of the body and controlling the temperature inside the body (thus maintains the temperature necessary to destroy tumor cells, which retains the normal functioning of non-aligned organism tissues).

disadvantages

One of the main deficiencies of MRI diagnostics is considered duration of the procedure. To obtain snapshots of one body area, you will need about 15-20 minutes. In emergency situations (traumatic damage, hemorrhage in vital organs, trunk vessel breaks) The use of MRI can cost a person life.

In these situations, doctors prefer computed tomography, which gives less informative information in the diagnosis of soft tissue pathology, however, performance procedure takes 3-4 minutesThat allows you to quickly deliver the patient into operational and start emergency manipulation.

MRI gives good visualization of soft tissues and is less informative in the study of bone structures. It is for this reason that, with suspected damage to bone tissue, it is more often used by the CT-diagnosis.

Duration and MRI performance technique (The patient must lie still during the implementation of the study) makes it difficult for the diagnosis of newborn children and breast cancer. To obtain high-quality images, young children need to use anesthesia, which can negatively affect the further development of the child.

The conditional disadvantages of MRI diagnostics can be attributed to the high cost of the procedure. Compared to other instrumental research methods. Despite the high informativeness of the data from the MRI, the use of radiography, ultrasound research to manage to patients at times cheaper.

Informativeness of the diagnostic method

Magnetic resonance tomography is considered the most informative method for identifying the pathology of internal organs and body tissues.

A good electromagnetic response from soft tissues allows you to visualize as accuracy:

What diseases can be detected using MRI?

MRI diagnostics allows you to identify the following diseases:

• the pathology of the brain (strokes, abscesses, scattered sclerosis, Parkinsonism);
• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• pathology of the eyeball;
• the pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
• to identify the pathology of the pulmonary apparatus (abscesses, gangrene, lung cancer, tuberculosis, syphilitic gums);
• establish a diagnosis of pylorostenosis and pylorospasm;
• detect the hernia of the esophagus and the diaphragm;
• determine the structural changes in the liver and reveal hemangiomas, fatty hepatosis, cirrhosis;
• polycystrosis and kidney abscesses;
• hemorrhage into adrenal glands;
• ulcers and tumors of the stomach;
• intestinal diseases, like a dolichosigma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease;
• apoplexy of ovarian obstruction uterine pipes, improper structure of the uterus;
• reveal an ectopic pregnancy;
• prostatitis and glandular prostate hyperplasia;
• breaks of articular capsules and damage to the capsules.

MRI diagnostic methods are widely used in all areas of medicine. To find out to know if a specific disease will be visualized using magnetic resonance tomography, it is necessary to discuss this with a tool diagnosis doctor.

Where can I make MRI and how much will it cost?

You can make magnetic resonance tomography either in private centers or in large medical centers of each city (these may be regional hospitals or specialized centers - neurosurgical, cardiological).

The cost of the MRI procedure in Moscow depends on the part of the body, which it is necessary to investigate and the need to introduce contrast. The average price of MRI diagnostics in Moscow - 4000 rubles. Contrast studies will cost 2000-2500 rubles more expensive.

A large number of diagnostic centers in Moscow and various types of MRI apparatuses allow patients to undergo diagnostic procedure from 2000 to 10,000 rubles.

In St. Petersburg, prices fluctuate in the same range. But MRI in Saratov can be made from 2500 to 6500 rubles. In Rostov, the cost of the study will fluctuate from 2800 to 8500 rubles.

The average price of MRI diagnostics throughout Russia is 4000-4500 rubles.

Proper and comprehensive diagnostics - this is the basis modern methods Treating any diseases, injuries and damage. Without accurate knowledge of the reason, it is impossible to properly prescribe treatment, as well as make up the regime and principles of the patient's nutrition. External signs can be similar to many different diseases, but treatments are diametrically different.

It can give information incredible accuracy that will detect the cause of the disease in such areas and areas of the body, where in other ways it is extremely difficult to make it, for example, in the brain. The role of MRI in the diagnosis of invaluable, and at the moment it is one of the most useful methods for physicians of examination of patients with different species lesions and injuries.

In order to understand - what it is in medicine, it is necessary to figure out the principle of the method. The work of the device is based on nuclear magnetic resonance, thanks to the use of which the device can show the structure of the human body "in the context".

In fact, the device makes a series of the thinnest "slices" of the body, which in the amount makes it possible to obtain a surround image of organs in the very condition in which they are located in the body. All details are visible and the doctor has the opportunity to observe the work of a particular organ in real time, for example, to track the functioning of the heart or brain without invasive methods.

Also, with the help of magnetic resonance tomography, you can find a variety of neoplasms in the most hard-to-reach areas of the human body, track the functioning of the vessels, the operation of the respiratory and digestion organs, the urogenital system and the structure of the bone skeleton.

In short, the tomography method makes it possible to obtain maximum volume of comprehensive data on the basis of the conduct of just one survey.

Usually, MRI is very well tolerated by people, exceptions can be people with an unhealthy psyche and those who are paniced by indoors. For the suffering claustrophobia, the procedure is underway in an open type tomograph that does not have a closed "ring" of the magnet.

More information about MRI can be found from the video:

Contrast substance at MRI

To obtain more complete data on the structure of the circulatory system of a certain organ or body section, special can be used. It is inert, harmless to the body and is very quickly excreted from it naturally.

When examining in tomograph, the presence of a contrast agent helps extremely clearly track blood flow, for example, in the heart, and identify the place of damage to the arteries, the formation of aneurysm or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, other vascular problems. Such a survey may be vital and important in the presence of a tendency to thrombosis, for the diagnosis of preinfarple states and other diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Need to prepare for the examination

Finding out, MRI - what it is in medicine, you need to understand how to prepare this procedure.

1. First of all, the preparation depends on which part of the body must be examined. For magnetic resonance imaging of the head, women are recommended to rinse makeup, since the presence of metal particles and pigments in some types of cosmetics can affect the result of the procedure.
2. If the abdominal cavity is being examined, the patient is recommended four hours before the procedure does not use solid food.
3. If you need data on the state of the patient's urogenital system, its bladder must be complete (but not crowded). In other types of surveys, it is necessary to go to the procedure with an empty bladder.
4. For tomography, it is recommended to wear simple cotton underwear without using metal parts, such as "bones" and hooks on a bra.
5. If a person does not make a closed space, he can give a sedative or weak anestherous tool, since inside the device it is impossible to move - it will distort and ruin the data. Also for such patients, MRI unclosed magnets can be used.
6. Small children, if necessary, it is also necessary to calm themselves so that they are not nervous and did not spoil the costly procedure. To resolve the doctor to calm the patient near him, a relative or family member may be.

Before applying magnetic resonance imaging, all metallic items, including decorations, clocks, hairpins, piercing and other elements from metal should be removed from the patient.

If the patient has metal implants, plates and rods in the bones, fragments of shells, bullets or shrapnels in the body, other metal parts, to use this diagnostic method they are prohibited.

MRI procedure

When it becomes completely clear, MRI - what it is in medicine, there is a turn to figure out in the process of examination. For the patient, it is extremely simple and consists only in a fixed lying on the moving element of the device. A special fixing frame is put on the patient's head or thoracic. Since the device is buzzing and clicks, and quite loudly, the patient is offered to use special headphones or earrings.

The patient removes clothes, removes all metal objects and falls on the back to the drawn panel of the device. If necessary, before the procedure, a contrast agent is introduced, specifically designed to conduct a survey in tomograph. Next, the panel slowly promotes the patient's body head forward to the magnet - a device in the form of a wide ring or tunnel.

The duration of the procedure depends on the organ or part of the body.

Mostly examination takes from 30 minutes to 2 hours, which is not so much compared with the effectiveness of the operation. The data obtained is carefully studied and decrypted. They serve as a base for the exact result of the diagnosis.

Absolute and relative contraindications

A complete contraindication to the use of MRI is the presence of metal fragments and parts in the body, as well as electronic devices (pacemakers, rhythm drivers), implants, stents and clips on various vessels, metal fragments in the eyeball.

The following contraindications include the following:

• Pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimester. There is no data pointing to the harmfulness of this procedure for pregnant and fetus, but they prescribe it in this state of women only on life indications.
• Claustrophobia. If a person is very afraid of the procedures, he can give soothing drugs and even light, well-tolerated anesthesia.
• Mental disorders, when a person inadequately perceives the situation and can harm himself and others.
• When conducting a survey in patients with strong pains, because of which they may not withstand a long fixed stay in tomograph, it is allowed to apply anesthetous tool to facilitate the state and obtaining accurate diagnostic data.

At the moment there are no complete data on the impact of the MRI procedure on the state of the fetus and a pregnant woman. But the doctor avoids the appointment of this procedure, especially in the first and third trimester of pregnancy, when there is a real risk of damaging the future child.

Only in case of vitality, the doctor can send pregnant on MRI. Usually in these situations, the potential risk is much lower than the level of danger threatening the fetus and / or mother.

The same precautions also apply to breastfeeding time, since there is no data on the effect of magnetic resonant tomography on the composition and quality of breast milk.

Since only a magnetic field is used to conduct a survey, a woman's health is not threatened. But, due to the lack of full-fledged research on this topic, the role of a magnetic field in the formation of a child was not thoroughly studied. If it is possible to avoid such a procedure, the doctor will try to diagnose other, completely safe for the fetus methods.

The advantages of the diagnosis method

Detailing in detail whether MRI is what it is in medicine, it can be safely argued that this is one of the safest and progressive examination techniques in modern medicine.

This is a non-invasive method that does not require serious and complex preparation, with a minimum set of inconvenience and maximum amount positive Parties. Use in the method of only a magnetic field, no emissions or hazardous signals that can break the work of the body makes MRI as safe as possible and harmless diagnostic method.

With the help of magnetic resonance tomography, you can get unique data on the functioning and condition of the most hard-to-reach and important parts and organs of the human body.

If the doctor prescribes magnetic resonance tomography and the patient has no objective reasons for refusing it, it is worth agreed to this method of examination. It will help get a maximum useful information for the minimum term.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), also known as nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, is a scanning method to create detailed images of the human body.

Scanning uses a strong magnetic field and radio wave for generating images of body parts that cannot be seen by X-rays, computed tomography or ultrasound. For example, it can help doctors see internal joints, cartilage, ligaments, muscles and tendons, which makes it useful for detecting various sports injuries.

According to the Mayo clinic, MRI also explores the internal structures of the body and diagnoses various disorders, such as strokes, tumors, aneurysms, spinal cord injuries, sclerosis and problems with eye or inner ear. It, among other things, is widely used in studies for measuring the structure and function of the brain.

A person has soft fabrics, and anatomical parts, the greatest advantage of MRI compared to other visualization methods (such as CT scanning and X-ray examination), - there is no risk to expose radiation.

How to make MRI.

During MRI of a person, they will be asked to lie on the movable table, which will slide into the hole in the shape of a donut to scan a certain part of the body. According to the Maen clinic, the car itself will create a strong magnetic field around a person, and radio waves will be directed to the body.

A person will not feel a magnetic field or radio wave, so the procedure is painless. However, during scanning there may be many loud sounds (it can sound like a sledgehammer!). Therefore, people often give headphones for listening to music or plugs for the ears to block the sound. The technician can also give you instructions during the test.

Some people can make a contrast injection intravenous, liquid dye, which can highlight specific problems that are usually not displayed when scanning.

Little children, as well as people who feel claustrophobia in closed places, can be appointed soothing medicine to help relax or fall asleep during scan, because it is important to keep silence to obtain clear images. Movement can blur images.

In some hospitals, there may be an MRI machine opened on the sides, not a tunnel tube. It can be a useful alternative for people who are afraid of limited space.

Scanning can take from 30 to 60 minutes.

The radiologist will look at the images and send a report to your doctor with the test results.

How MRI works

The human body is mostly water. Water molecules (H2O) contain hydrogen kernels (protons), which are aligned in the magnetic field. A very strong magnetic field is used in the MRT scanner (from about 0.2 to 3 tesla, or about a thousand times greater than the force of a typical fridge magnet), aligning protons

The scanner also creates a radio frequency current forming an alternating magnetic field. The proton absorbs energy from the magnetic field and turns them away. When the field is turned off, protons are gradually returned to their normal rotation, the process is called precession. The return process gives a radio signal that can be measured by receivers in the scanner and make an image.

MRI scan reveals the gross anatomical structure of the human brain.

Types of MRI

Protons in different body tissues are returned to their normal movements with different speedTherefore, the scanner can distinguish various types of fabrics. Scanner settings can be customized to create contrasts between different body tissues. Additional magnetic fields Used to create three-dimensional images that can be viewed under different angles. There are many MRI forms, but diffusion MRI and functional MRI are the two most common.

Diffusion MRI

This form of MRI measures, as water molecules diffuse through body tissues. Some diseases, such as stroke or tumor, can limit this diffusion, so this method is often used to diagnose them. Diffusion MRI exists only about 15-20 years.

Functional MRI

In addition to structural visualization, MRI can also be used to visualize functional activity in the brain. Functional MRI measures blood flow changes in different parts of the brain.

It is used to observe the structures of the brain and to determine which parts of the brain work with critical functions. Functional MRI can also be used to assess the damage from Alzheimer's Head or Disease injury. FMRT is especially useful in the field of neurobiology - it really revolutionized the method of studying the brain.

Security MRI.

Unlike other visualization forms, such as x-ray or computed tomography, MRI does not use ionizing radiation. MRI is increasingly used for the image of the fruit during pregnancy, and no adverse effects on the fruit have been demonstrated.

However, the procedure may have risks, and medical societies do not recommend using MRI as the first diagnostic phase.

Since MRI uses strong magnets, any kind of metal implant, such as artificial joints, artificial heart valves, cochlear implants or metal plates, screws or rods are danger. The implant can move or heat the magnetic field.

Several patients with pacemakers who passed the MRI scan, died, patients should always ask about any implants before scanning them. Many implants are safe for MRI today.

Permanent overwhelming of magnetic fields can cause loud click or audio signals, so during scanning requires the protection of the ears.

For the setting of the correct diagnosis in modern medicine there are many special equipment. Magnetic resonance devices occupy an important place in this list. The use of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography is due to the need to study many organs - brain, heart, kidneys and others. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of this method of examination, varieties of devices and the main differences between MRI from other diagnostic methods.

What is mp tomography in medicine and when is it shown?

MRI diagnostics - a reliable and safe method for researching patients. The operation of the device is based on the properties of the electromagnetic field, its interaction with hydrogen atoms. It is known that the body of a person by 70% consists of water, and hence, largely from hydrogen atoms that change under the influence of the field created by the device.

As a result of the study, the doctor gets the image of the cuts the desired area Patient's bodies or a specific organ. At the same time, the device is able to "take photograph" the underdeveloped area from different angles and from a given step width. Analyzed data is transferred to the image using a computer program. The procedure is prescribed for:

• surveys of organs and departments of the human body - brain, lower and upper jaws, hymorrheal sinuses, hearts, joints (including hip), urinary system, small pelvis organs, etc.;
• control of the malignant tumor detected at the previous MRI session, checking the presence of metastases in other organs;
• after the operation to remove the MRI neoplasm will help determine if there is no relapse.

Contraindications

The MP method of tomography has absolute contraindications:

Now consider conditional contraindications to the procedure:

• Not all experts make MRI in epilepsy, mental instability, tendency to cramps or sudden addresses. However, epilepsy is not contraindicated, and some doctors agree to examine a complex patient. For this exist different methods. For example, patients with epilepsy can be explored under anesthesia.
• When stenting the heart vessels, the clip can be carried out, but not earlier than six months. Then the adjustment device is a little attached and will not move strongly under the action of the field. Thus, stenting is only a reason to notify the doctor before the session.
• It is worth warning a doctor and that the patient suffered an operation on the endoprosthetics of the hip joint. Some materials used in the endoprosthetics of the hip joints may not be unpredictable during a session.
• If the patient has a tattoo, the magnetic field can cause pain in the spike area. This is explained by the fact that before the tattoos were made in ink with the addition of metal powder. However, recently, the tattoo masters do not use similar compositions.

What bodies can be examined using MRI?

The scope of MRI is satisfied with the broader, although a study is prescribed not all in a row. It is often used ultrasound - a safe, inexpensive, but non-informative method. After an ultrasound research, the doctor may assign MRI. This diagnostic method is shown at:

• suspicions on brain pathology, impaired pituitary work;
• spinal cord diseases;
• liver diseases, gallbladder;
• failures in the work of the urinary system;
• suspicion of the presence of a cyst in the gaymorovy sinuses;
• problems with vessels (thrombosis);
• diseases of the spine and joints;
• hemorrhages;
• diseases of small pelvis organs;
• benign or malignant tumors, metastases.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of mp tomography are obvious. This study is prescribed to detect failures in the work of systems and organs, to monitor the treatment of treatment. Negative influence on the body does not have a magnetic field, which means the procedure is carried out without restrictions. Consider other advantages of MRI:

• the cost of the session is lower than CT;
• allows you to detect cysts, tumors;
• the study is quite informative without the use of contrast.

On the other hand, the possibilities of MRI are noticeably inferior in the accuracy of the results obtained in the process of decoding CT. There are other disadvantages of the procedure:

• Magnetic resonance tomography will not show calcinates - there are almost no moisture in them, which is critical for changing magnetic fields.
• The duration of the procedure is at least 20 minutes. Although modern high-polic apparatuses are capable of scanning for 3-5 minutes, such devices are not in all clinics.
• A session is accompanied by noise that significantly reduces the patient's comfort.

MRI varieties

MRI devices are classified by power, which determines their capabilities. In accordance with the species diversity, tomographs are called low-voltage, secondary and highly populated. Low power devices are usually an open type, which gives them a significant advantage. Patients with claustrophobia can be able to withstand the procedure without additional tricks or sedative injections. Closed-type devices (in which the studied is in the chamber), as a rule, belong to the average-field and high-profile type of magnetic resonance tomographs. The accuracy of their results is higher than that of low-voltage.

Preparation for the procedure and its stages

For verification of organs chest, brain, joints, bone tissues or muscles Special preparation is not needed. If you plan to study the liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract departments, you should refrain from food for 7-8 hours before the start of the session. The study of the large intestine is carried out after the cleansing enema, which can be done at home.

Before the procedure, the doctor polls the patient, finds out whether it does not have metal implants in the body, a pacemaker, attacks of epilepsy. If the doctor does not receive exhaustive information, it has the right to refuse a patient in conducting a session. Sometimes the patient has to be undressed and change clothes on a disposable hoodie. Otherwise, they ask to remove the things in which there are metal fasteners, remove a trifle from his pockets, leave a mobile phone. Often the studied scanned using a metal detector.

MR control in dynamics

Sometimes after MRI, doctors recommend doing research in dynamics. This means that the doctor wants to control the changes of the tissues of the necessary organ, for which regular sessions are required. As a rule, the frequency of the survey is every 6-8 months. In dynamics there may be different cysts (grow or not), benign tumors and etc.

Also, the term "dynamic MP tomography with a contrast" translated into a simple language denotes a session with the introduction of a contrast agent. Such studies are necessary for analyzing the state of the tumor - its structure, location, fullness, the number of blood vessels, the presence of metastases. The doctor estimates the rate of accumulation of a contrast agent in the tumor, the dynamics of its washing out of pathologically modified tissues. The higher this speed, the greater the likelihood that the neoplasm is malignant.

Decoding research results

Deciphering CT, the MRI of the patient is engaged in a radiologist. The specialist proceeds to the description of images immediately after the MRI procedure is completed, and gives conclusion. However, the radiologist does not make a diagnosis and, moreover, does not appoint treatment. Patients in the hands are given pictures, as well as decoding and description of images of MRI. With these papers, the patient goes to the doctor who gave direction to the study.

How much does MRI cost?

The cost of the MRI procedure is relatively low, if we compare it with CT, and quite significant compared to the ultrasound. The price for one session depends on the body under study or part of the body, the introduction of contrast, the location of the clinic, etc. On average, the cost of the procedure in the regions begins from 3 thousand rubles, in Moscow and St. Petersburg - from 4.5 thousand.

Recall that the procedure is made free of charge if there is a direction from the doctor. However, we will have to expect your turn not one day, so many patients prefer to pay for the service to get results as quickly as possible.

Differences of MRI from CT, Ultrasound and X-ray

Consider how MRI differs from CT and other hardware diagnostic methods. We said that YMRR (abbreviation is decrypted as "nuclear MRI") uses an electromagnetic field to assess the state of the internal organs.

1. Computed tomography is radically different from magnetic resonance, since it passes with the use of X-ray rays. At the same time, the purpose of these studies is alone - allow the doctor after deciphering the pictures to evaluate the photo of the cutting of the organ with the specified step. MRI more efficiently shows changes in soft tissues, and the decoding of CT allows you to consider calcinates (in the lungs, kidneys, etc.), see metastases, the bones of the upper and lower jaw, the bay of the gaymorovy sinuses. The decision on the feasibility of this or that type of research is taken by the doctor.
2. Ultrasound - the least informative research method, but also the most harmless. Diagnosis is carried out with ultrasound radiation - it is reflected from tissues with different intensity. The device shows a picture on which large formations are visible.
3. X-ray is one-sided transmission of bone tissues (jaws, limbs, spine), lungs, hearts, etc. The image can be distorted at the expense of shadows from other organs that are closed by the desired area.