TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

INSTALLATION OF METAL DUCTS OF INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

I. SCOPE

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as the TTK) is a complex organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for performing a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods of performing work according to a specific technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of Work Projects (PPR) by construction departments.

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and production technology of work on the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems, the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, the planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection are determined. ...

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of a technological map is:

- typical drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and technical conditions(THAT);

- norms and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production rates of consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive rates and prices, labor costs, material and technical resources consumption rates.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TTK is to describe solutions for the organization and production technology of work on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- reducing the cost of work;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of the work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and cars;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Project for the production of works), Working flow charts (RTK) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Draft. The composition and level of detail of the materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contractor construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in specifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of the materials of the map and the choice of the desired option;

- checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time norms, brands and types of mechanisms, used building materials, the composition of the link of workers) to the adopted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the selected option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of the calculation, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- the design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical technological map is developed for engineering and technical workers (work managers, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the II road-climatic zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems, with the use of the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map was developed for a set of works on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems.

2.2. Work on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems is carried out by a mechanized team in one shift, the duration of working hours during a shift is:

2.3. The work performed in sequence during the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems includes the following technological operations:

- collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

- installation of the ventilation system according to the design scheme;

- commissioning of the ventilation system.

2.4. The technological map provides for the performance of work by a complex mechanized unit, consisting of: mobile petrol power station Honda ET12000 (3-phase 380/220 V, N = 11 kW, m = 150 kg); welding generator (Honda) EVROPOWER ЕР-200Х2 (single-station, gasoline, P = 200 A, H = 230 V, weight m = 90 kg); automobile jib crane KS-45717 (lifting capacity Q = 25.0 t); mast hoist PMG-1B-76115 (lifting capacity Q = 0.5 t, lifting height H = 76 m, lifting speed V = 0.31 m / s).

Fig. 1. Power station

Fig. 2. Welding generator

Fig. 3. Mast hoist

Fig. 4. Cargo characteristics of the automobile boom crane KS-45717

Fig. 5. Electric grinder

Fig. 6. Compressor Atlas Copco XAS 97

2.5. For the installation of metal ducts of internal ventilation systems, the following are used Construction Materials: electrodes 4.0 mm E-42 according to GOST 9466-75; enamel PF-133 according to GOST 926-82 *; primer GF-021 according to GOST 25129-82.

2.6. Work on the installation of metal ducts for internal ventilation systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- ;

- SNiP 3.05.01-85

- SNiP 3.05.05-84. Technological equipment and technological pipelines;

- STO NOSTROY 2.15.70-2012. Engineering networks of high-rise buildings. Installation of heat supply, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining executive documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul capital construction objects and the requirements for the certificates of inspection of works, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) a special journal of accounting for the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction objects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated version" before the start of construction and installation work at the facility, the Contractor is obliged in the prescribed manner to obtain from the Customer the design documentation and permission (order) for construction and installation work ... Performing work without permission (order) is prohibited.

3.2. Before starting work on the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop RTK or PPR for the installation of metal air ducts of internal ventilation systems and agree with all subcontractors and suppliers;

- solve the main issues related to the material and technical support of construction;

- to appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- instruct the members of the team on safety measures;

- to establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc .;

- to provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of works;

- to develop schemes and arrange temporary access roads for traffic to the place of work and sites for placing materials and structures;

- prepare for the production of work machines, mechanisms and equipment and deliver them to the site;

- provide workers with hand-held machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling means;

- to fence off the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- to provide communication for the operational dispatch control of the production of work;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, devices, inventory, tools and means for the safe production of work;

- to test the construction machines provided by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the facility for the production of work;

- Obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start production of work (clause 4.1.3.2 RD 08-296-99).

3.3. General Provisions

3.3.1. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in rooms, serves mainly to create conditions air environment, favorable for human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preservation of equipment and building structures of the building, storage of materials and products.

3.3.2. A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases into the ambient air:

- heat (100 Kcal / hour and more);

- water vapor (40-70 g / hour);

- carbon dioxide (23-45 l / h).

Manufacturing processes can be accompanied by immeasurably large emissions of heat, water vapor, harmful vapors, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses its hygienic qualities, favorable for the well-being, health and performance of a person.

3.3.3. Hygienic requirements for ventilation are reduced to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of the air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

3.3.4. The essence of ventilation is as follows: the supply air is mixed with the air in the room, and as a result of the heat exchange or mass exchange in the room, the given air parameters are created.

3.3.5. Installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Construction Norms and Regulations, the Working Project, the Project for the production of works and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only by agreement with the design organization and the customer.

3.3.6. Requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are reduced to ensuring that the design parameters of the air in ventilated rooms are provided. This is achieved by maximum sealing of duct systems and equipment, the necessary sound insulation, proper conditions for operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

3.3.7. Reducing the terms of assembly and assembly work, while maintaining their high quality, is achieved through high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and units of air ducts (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves , gates, throttle devices; fasteners; suspensions; brackets; brackets; flanges) factory-made or made in workshops with appropriate mechanical equipment. On-site, as a rule, only the manufactured parts are assembled, using mechanisms for moving the workpieces and ventilation equipment.

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Before the start of the installation work ventilation systems the following preparatory work must be performed:

- the object was accepted by the workers of the installation organization according to the Act of technical readiness of the zero cycle for the installation of columns. The act must be accompanied by executive geodetic diagrams with drawing the position of the foundations in plan and in height;

- to transport and store columns at the on-site warehouse;

- select columns and fittings that have passed the incoming inspection;

- apply risks of alignment axes on four edges at the level of the upper plane of the foundations in accordance with the project;

- apply the risks of the installation, longitudinal axes on the lateral edges of the columns, at the level of the bottom of the columns. Risks are applied with a pencil or marker. Scratching or notching the surface of the columns is inadmissible;

- deliver the necessary assembly means, fixtures and tools to the column installation area.

3.4.2. When accepting an object for installation of ventilation systems, the following should be checked:

- compliance with all requirements of SNiP and current technical conditions;

- availability and correct execution of acts for hidden work;

- geometric dimensions and links to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, support structures on the roof of the building for installing roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, assembly openings;

- correct installation of embedded parts;

- arrangement of fences for openings, floorings and sheds.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

3.4.3. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, it is necessary to provide:

- for air ducts of small cross-sections - containerization or packing;

- for air ducts of large cross-sections - telescopic installation;

- for semi-finished products - special packaging.

3.4.4. Loading and unloading and rigging works at the facility are carried out with the help of workers who are part of the assembly teams. As a mechanized lifting equipment at the facility, they use automobile jib crane KS-45717 and mast hoist PMG-1B-76115 .

3.4.6. Slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment is recommended to be carried out with inventory lifting devices. Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the load being lifted and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 7. Slings

a- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks; v- four-branch sling

The load to be lifted should be kept from rotating by guy wires. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged units of air ducts), two guys should be used, made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys from steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm, for vertical ones (roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one. The most common slinging methods are shown in fig. 8-fig. 26.

Fig. 8. VPA-40

Fig. 9. Radial fan

Fig. 10. Slinging of fans Ts4-70

Fig. 11. Slinging the upper part of the fan casing Ts4-70

Fig. 12. Slinging of the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-70

Fig. 13. Slinging of a shaft with a frame of Ts4-70 fans

Fig. 14. Slinging an axial fan

Fig. 15. Fan VKR-6,3

Fig. 16. Air-thermal curtain А6,3

Fig. 17. Scrubber

Fig. 18. Cyclone type TsN

Fig. 19. Irrigation chambers OKF

Fig. 20. Air handling unit drive

Fig. 21. Wheel and guide vane in the casing

Fig. 22. Air filter FR-3

Fig. 23. Slinging valve packing

Fig. 24. Slinging packaging of KO and VK chambers

Fig. 25. Air duct slinging

Fig. 26. Slinging an enlarged unit

3.4.7. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Journal of Work (the recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be adopted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Installation of air ducts

3.5.1. The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (inside or outside the building, against the wall, near the columns, in the interfarm space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey , industrial, public, etc.).

3.5.2. Flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal fabric, should be used as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise mufflers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc. aluminum foil etc. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, parts from flexible sleeves in the mounted position must have a minimum compression ratio.

3.5.3. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

- marking of the installation locations of the air duct fastening means;

- installation of fastening means;

- coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening of lifting equipment and their installation;

- delivery of air duct parts to the installation site, check of completeness and quality;

- assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

- installation of the unit in the design position and fixing it;

- installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

3.5.4. The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and the type of duct connection, the installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged horizontal air duct units connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

3.5.5. Organization diagrams working area for installation of air ducts are given in fig. 27-fig. 30.

Fig. 27. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts according to outside wall building

1 - console with a block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic elevator; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy line; 6 - block

Fig. 28. Work area organization diagram when installing horizontal air ducts in a building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged unit of the air duct; 4 - pendants

Fig. 29. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts on the overpass

1 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto hydraulic lift

Fig. 30. Scheme of the organization of the working area when installing vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building

1 - enlarged unit of the air duct; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch; 4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

Fig. 31. Air handling unit diagram

P1.3 - ventilation unit

3.5.6. The fans must be installed in the following sequence:

- acceptance of the premises of the ventilation chambers;

- delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the installation site;

- installation of lifting equipment;

- slinging of the fan or individual parts;

- lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

- fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

- checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan;

- fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

- checking the operation of the fan.

3.5.7. Air ducts are installed regardless of the availability of technological equipment in accordance with the design references and marks. The connection of air ducts to the technological equipment should be carried out after its installation.

3.5.8. Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed so that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

3.5.9. The gaskets between the duct flanges must not protrude into the duct.

The gaskets must be made from the following materials:

- foam rubber, tape porous or monolithic rubber with a thickness of 4-5 mm or polymer mastic bundle (PMZh) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials move with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

- asbestos cord or asbestos cardboard- with temperatures above 343 K (70 ° C);

- acid-resistant rubber or acid-resistant cushioning plastic - for air ducts through which air with acid vapors moves.

To seal wafer-type air duct connections, use:

- sealing tape "Guerlain" - for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature of up to 40 ° C;

- "Butteprol" mastic - for circular air ducts with temperatures up to 70 ° С;

- heat-shrinkable cuffs or tapes - for circular air ducts with temperatures up to 60 ° C and other sealing materials agreed in the prescribed manner.

3.5.10. The bolts in the flange connections must be tightened with all the bolt nuts on the same side of the flange. When installing bolts vertically, the nuts should generally be on the underside of the joint.

3.5.11. Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) to the devil flange connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.0 m from one another for circular duct diameters or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm and at a distance of no more than 3.0 m from one another - for circular duct diameters or dimensions of the larger side air duct with rectangular cross-section 400 mm and more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal uninsulated ducts on the flange connection a circular section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6.0 m from one another. The distances between the fasteners of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional size, as well as non-insulated air ducts with a circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side over 2000 mm, should be assigned by working documentation.

The clamps should fit tightly around the metal air ducts.

3.5.12. Mounts for vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.0 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.0 m is carried out in the interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside premises with a floor height of more than 4.0 m is performed on the roof of the building.

When installing vertical air ducts from asbestos-cement ducts, fasteners should be installed every 3.0-4.0 m. When installing horizontal air ducts, two fasteners should be installed for each section for coupling joints and one fastener for socket connections. Fastening should be done at the socket.

In vertical air ducts from socket boxes, the upper duct is inserted into the socket of the lower one.

3.5.13. Fastening of guy wires and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

3.5.14. Freely suspended air ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a suspension length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

3.5.15. Air ducts should be reinforced so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

The air ducts are connected to the fans through vibration-insulating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, density and durability.

Anti-vibration flexible inserts should be installed immediately prior to individual testing.

3.5.16. Socket and socket joints are sealed with bundles of hemp strands soaked in asbestos-cement mortar with the addition of casein glue.

The free space of the socket or coupling is filled with asbestos-cement mastic.

The joints after hardening of the mastic should be pasted over with a cloth. The fabric should fit snugly to the box around the entire perimeter and should be painted with oil paint.

3.5.17. Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings should be 10% larger diameter duct. Steel rings should be fastened with a wire or plate with a cutout to a supporting cable (wire) with a diameter of 4-5 mm, stretched along the axis of the duct and fixed to the building structures every 20-30 m.

To exclude longitudinal displacements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the slack between the rings disappears.

3.5.18. When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. The elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must coincide in plan with the corresponding elements of the fan unit frame.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit snugly against the sound insulating pads.

3.5.19. The shafts of the radial fans must be installed horizontally (the shafts of the roof fans - vertically), the vertical walls of the casings of the centrifugal fans must not be skewed or tilted.

The gaskets for the split fan shrouds should be of the same material as the gaskets for the ductwork of this system.

3.5.20. The motors must be precisely aligned with the installed fans and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans with a belt drive must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must coincide.

The motor skids must be mutually parallel and level. The support surface of the slide must be in contact over the entire plane with the foundation.

Protect couplings and belt drives.

3.5.21. The fan suction opening not connected to the duct must be protected metal mesh with a cell size of no more than 70x70 mm.

3.5.22. The filter material of the cloth filters should be stretched without sagging and wrinkles, and should fit snugly against the side walls. If there is a fleece on the filtering material, the latter should be located on the side of the air inlet.

3.5.23. Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the project (working project) as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air diffusers, silencers and other devices located in suspended ceilings, chambers.

3.5.24. Fastening of flanges to steel ducts with a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm should be carried out using a flange, and with a steel thickness of St. 1.5 mm - electric arc welding with a continuous seam.

With a steel thickness of more than 1 mm, it is allowed to fasten the flanges without flanging with tacks by electric arc welding every 50-60 mm, followed by sealing the gap between the flanges and air ducts.

Sealing methods should be determined by the manufacturer's technology.

3.5.25. The flange of the flanged air ducts must overlap the flange by at least 6 mm and must not overlap the bolt holes.

Through gaps in the flanging are allowed no more than four at one end of the duct.

3.5.26. Fastening of flanges from their movement along the axis of a flanged circular air duct with flanging on the flanges should be done in any way with the obligatory provision of the possibility of their rotation around the axis. In this case, the flange must fit snugly against the mirror of the air duct flange.

3.5.27. For air ducts made of sheet with a thickness of more than 1.5 mm, flanges made of angle bars must be welded with inside and the flanges are flat on the outside of the product. In this case, the edges of the ends of the air ducts should not protrude beyond the mirror of the flange.

3.5.28. The final stage of installation of ventilation systems is their individual testing.

3.5.29. By the beginning of individual testing of systems, general construction and Finishing work on ventilation chambers and shafts, as well as to complete the installation and individual tests means of support (power supply, heat and cold supply, etc.). In the absence of power supply to ventilation units according to a permanent scheme, the general contractor is responsible for connecting electricity according to a temporary scheme and checking the serviceability of the starting devices.

3.5.30. For each ventilation system, a passport is issued in duplicate for

IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1. Control and assessment of the quality of work on the installation of the air duct system is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.05.01-85. Internal sanitary systems;

- SNiP 3.05.05-84. Technological equipment and technological pipelines.

4.2. Quality control of construction and installation works is carried out by specialists with the involvement of an accredited construction laboratory equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control and is assigned to the manufacturer of the work or the foreman performing work on the installation of the air duct system.

4.3. Construction quality control of work should include incoming control of project working documentation and the results of engineering surveys, as well as the quality of previous work performed, operational control of construction and installation work, production processes or technological operations and acceptance control of work performed with conformity assessment.

4.4. Incoming control

4.4.1. Incoming inspection is carried out in order to identify deviations from the project requirements and relevant standards. Incoming control of building materials, structures and products arriving at the facility is carried out:

- by the registration method by analyzing the data recorded in documents (certificates, passports, invoices, etc.);

- external visual inspection(according to GOST 16504-81);

- technical inspection (according to GOST 16504-81);

- if necessary - by a measuring method using measuring instruments (checking the basic geometric parameters), incl. laboratory equipment;

- control tests in cases of doubt about the correctness of the characteristics or the absence of the necessary data in the certificates and passports of manufacturers.

4.4.2. Incoming control of incoming materials is carried out by a commission appointed by the order of the director of the construction organization. The commission includes a representative of the supply department, line engineers and production and technical department. The organization of incoming inspection of purchased products and materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions:

If the payment procedure on the website of the payment system has not been completed, the money
funds from your account will NOT be debited and we will not receive confirmation of payment.
In this case, you can repeat the purchase of the document using the button on the right.

An error has occurred

The payment was not completed due to a technical error, cash from your account
were not written off. Try to wait a few minutes and repeat the payment again.

A typical flow chart for the installation of ventilation is drawn up for forced ventilation systems that include a network of air ducts. Its main purpose is to familiarize workers and engineers with how work should be done to install ventilation ducts, help in the location of equipment inside the premises, the correct distribution of technological processes that will subsequently take place in production, and so on.

How to install ventilation ducts correctly

Most of the work in the installation of air conditioning and ventilation systems is occupied by the installation of ventilation ducts.

Industrial ventilation

And this is not strange, because they are located inside the entire building, if the premises are used for industrial purposes, then it is also large, plus they often have to be installed at a high height, and this greatly complicates the matter. As a result, it is necessary to resort to the help of special machines and equipment. Most often these are self-propelled cranes, mobile assembly platforms, hydraulic lifts, etc.

The complexity of installation is influenced by a lot of factors:

• The complexity of the designed system;
• Features of the building structure;
• Ambient conditions, etc.

To simplify the technological process of installing air ducts, assemblies are pre-made, consisting of straight sections of ventilation pipes and fittings. After installing each node, you need to check with the data that the flow chart for the installation of ventilation carries.

Stages of installation of horizontal metal ventilation ducts

In order to qualitatively establish a network of ventilation ducts, you need to adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

Fastening

The fastening means are installed first. This is done by welding them to embedded parts or using a special assembly gun. The places where the lifting mechanisms will be located are outlined, prepared scaffolding, towers and so on. On inventory stands, small parts are assembled into knots, knots from ventilation ducts are made on the floor big size... Clamps and other fasteners are installed.

When the intermediate preparation is over, the knots are traced, at the ends of the knots, guys from the rope are tied.

The preparatory work is over, the installation can begin. With the help of special lifting mechanisms, the nodes are brought to the previously marked places and suspended from the mountings. It remains, using a flange, to attach a part of the system to the previously mounted unit.

There are other options for installing air ducts. The method is selected depending on their position in space, the characteristics of the industrial facility, the surrounding conditions, the location of the air ducts (inside or outside the building) and others.

If the ventilation system includes air conditioning and air heating, then it should be designed in accordance with all paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, while providing in advance for the possibility of breakdown and repair, and regulatory requirements.

Basic installation positions

It is important to correctly position the ventilation ducts in relation to the building structures. For this, were developed special recommendations, allowing you to properly fix round and rectangular air ducts. Basic guidelines and sizes are given below.

The axes of the ventilation pipes are placed parallel to the planes next to which they are mounted. It is necessary to choose the correct distance (taken in millimeters) from the plane of the wall (ceiling, floor) to the pipe axis. If channels with a circular cross-section are used: L = 0.51Dmax + 50, where Dmax is largest diameter duct including insulator.

Ventilation ducts

In the case of using channels with a rectangular cross-section, the formula looks like this: L = 0.5bmax + x, where bmax is the maximum channel width; x - the distance between the outer surface of the pipe and the wall, must be at least 5 cm.

It is accepted that for pipes with a width of 10 to 40 cm x = 10 cm, 40 ... 80 cm x = 20 cm, 80 ... 150 cm x = 40 cm. The distance from the channel axis to the electric wire is also important. Round section air ducts: L = 0.5Dmax + 300. With a rectangular section: L = 0.5bmax + 300.

If two ventilation branches pass in parallel, then the following minimum distance between their axes is adhered to. Round section: L = 0.5 (Dmax + D'max) +250. Rectangular section: L = 0.5 (bmax + b'max) + x.

In the case when ventilation pipes are mounted under the ceiling, the minimum distance to it must also be observed. Round section: L = 0.5Dmax + 100. Rectangular: L = 0.5bmax + x. If air ducts pass through building structures, then a distance of 10 centimeters should be observed.

Connection of air ducts to each other

The network of ventilation ducts consists of separate small parts, which are interconnected by means of bands, slats, strips, bell-shaped and other connections.

Air line details

For the correct fastening of the ventilation pipes, use the working documentation and the relevant requirements. If flangeless joints are used in the fastening process, then the following distances between them are adhered to:

• When using pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm, the distance should be no more than 4 meters;
• If the diameter is 400 mm or more, then the distance becomes up to 3 meters.

When installing air ducts in a horizontal position with a circular cross-section, the diameter of which is up to 2000 mm or rectangular with a side up to 2000 mm, the distance between the fasteners is assumed to be no more than 6 meters.

If the pipes are installed in a vertical position, the distance between the fixtures is up to 4 meters.

Installation design

Before installing the ventilation line, you need to correctly make the installation design. It consists of several main stages.

Axonometric diagram

At the first stage, an axonometric diagram of the system is drawn, then the network of air channels is divided into separate parts. Next, you should choose a way to connect small components to each other and to larger nodes. The places where the fasteners will be located in the future are determined. Also, sketches of non-standard parts are made, where all the necessary dimensions for their manufacture are indicated. And at the end, documents are drawn up for the installation design:

• Drawings of non-standard parts;
• Axonometric diagram;
• Picking lists.

Depending on the region where the ventilation system is being installed, the kit will also depend required documents... But the three listed above will always be present.

Installation of air ducts in an industrial facility

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map (TTC) is drawn up for one of the options for the production of work on the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of projects for the production of works, projects for organizing construction, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern techniques installation of air ducts

In the total volume of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems at industrial facilities, the most laborious is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the installation of air ducts it is necessary to perform at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially considering the significant dimensions and weight of ventilation equipment parts. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include such machines as mobile cranes, hydraulic lifts, self-propelled retractable scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, the presence of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation involves preliminary assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, composed of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal ducts

When installing horizontal metal ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

- install the fastening means by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

- outline the places of installation of mechanisms for lifting the units of air ducts and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolds, towers for work;

- individual parts of air ducts are brought and assembled into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large cross-sections are on the floor;

- Install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is traced with inventory slings, and at the ends of the units, braces from a hemp rope are tied.

Duct Mounting Assembly raised to the design mark from the inventory scaffold with a car lift or other mechanisms, then suspended it from the previously installed fasteners. At the end of the installation, the duct is connected with flanges to the previously mounted section of the duct.

In installation practice, there are such options for design solutions for laying metal air ducts, such as laying under the ceiling of a building, on an outer wall, overpass, in the interfarm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near the columns, in the interfarm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), and also from the solutions laid down in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems should be designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing in projects technical solutions ensuring maintainability, fire and explosion safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts with respect to building structures, it is recommended to use the mounting positions of circular and rectangular air ducts developed by the Proektpromventilyatsiya State Enterprise. These duct mounting positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. The axes of the air ducts must be parallel to the planes of the building structures.

2. The distance from the axis of the duct to the surfaces of building structures is calculated using the following formulas:

Where is the maximum diameter of the air duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

Where is the maximum width of the air duct to be laid, mm; - distance between the outer surface of the air duct and the wall (not less than 50 mm), mm.

With a duct width of 100-400 mm 100 mm, with 400-800 mm 200 mm, with 800-1500 mm 400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air duct to the outer surface of the electrical wires is determined by the formulas:

- for circular air ducts

For rectangular ducts

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

- for circular air ducts

For rectangular ducts

5. With parallel laying of several air ducts at one mark, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

- for circular air ducts

For rectangular ducts

Where and are the diameters of the air ducts, mm; and - dimensions of the sides of rectangular air ducts, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

- for circular air ducts

For rectangular ducts

7. When air ducts pass through building structures, place flange and other detachable air duct connections at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Individual parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air supply network using flanged and flangeless connections (bands, strips, rails, bell-shaped and other connections).

Fastening of air ducts should be carried out in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 *. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer joint should be installed at the following distances:

- no more than 4 m with circular duct diameters or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

- no more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection with a circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. a circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side more than 2000 mm should be assigned by working documentation.

Mounts for vertical metal ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts inside rooms with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of a building should be assigned as a working project.

The designs of the connections of the duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts is reduced to the development of an axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation (air conditioning) system, delivery lists of air duct parts and batch production lists (silencers, dampers, air distributors, umbrellas, deflectors, etc.), as well as drawings (sketches) non-standardized parts. The listed technical documentation is called an erection or erection and procurement (MZP) project.

The minimum wage is needed to place an order in a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. The minimum wage is developed for each system.

For the development of MT, the following initial data are required:

- working drawings of the OV brand of mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AR brand, plans and sections of the building (structure) in the locations of the mounted systems;

- albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

- overall and connecting dimensions of equipment and typical parts;

- recommended mounting positions of assembly units of systems;

- normative and methodological materials on the procedure for the implementation and design of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

- using the RF brand OV, they draw an axonometric diagram of the system, divide the routes of the air ducts of the system into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

- choose the types of connection of parts with each other and with other assembly units of the system;

- establish the places and types of fastenings for the air duct routes of the system;

- develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

- draw up documents mandatory for the MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. State standard or other uniform standards for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list in different regions and enterprises may differ. The three names listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of an axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as raw data. The axonometric wiring diagram can be a copy of the RF circuit according to its configuration, or it can be shown arbitrarily on a separate sheet without observing scale. Marks of the levels of the fan, floors, rises, drops of air ducts, as well as the lengths of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts are applied to this diagram. Figure 1 shows, for comparison, axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and an axonometric diagram from the composition of working drawings and a wiring diagram.

Fig. 1. Axonometric diagrams of the ventilation system:

a- working drawing diagram; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified parts

The circuit is divided into parts (details). First, the standard, typical and unified system parts are distinguished, the dimensions of which are known. Then they develop sketches of atypical (non-standardized) parts in axonometric projection, determine the dimensions required for their manufacture. Find the total lengths of straight sections of the network between standard, typical, shaped parts and other elements. The rectilinear total sections of the air ducts are divided into individual sections (details) of the length recommended by VSN 353-86. However, one of the individual sections of each straight duct line may differ from the recommended length. He is called dead... The length of the measurement is usually specified locally, and therefore it is advisable to make one flange free to move along the axis of the duct when flanged. The sections are assigned numbers, they are designated by numbers in circles, for example (T), which means section number 1. Fig. 2 shows a simplified fragment of an axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation system duct route. The fragment is used to illustrate a simplified picking list (table 1.1).

Fig. 2. Fragment of the duct wiring diagram:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - straight section with end mesh; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - bends; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of parts for air ducts.

For each system, one or multiple picking lists... The number of sheets and their form depend on the requirements of the enterprises that fulfill the order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The details themselves are listed in the statement, not in the sequence in which they are located in the system along the air, but by groupings of the same type:

- straight sections;

- straight sections with tie-ins;

- straight sections with gratings, nets, etc .;

- bends and half-bends;

- transitions;

- boxes.

The composition of the groupings and their order of arrangement in the statement may differ in different regional organizations.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of ​​the air ducts and the total areas by thickness of metal, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, by metal thickness in m and kg); number and list of connecting elements (bands, flanges and connections on the bus - quantity for each size); grilles and nets, VEPsh (ejection panel stamped air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Inventory list of air duct parts

N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m		Note
	Straight section						Mesh with slider 200x200 mm
	Straight section with end mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with tie-in

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution

higher professional education

Samara State Architectural

university of construction

Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation

Technological maps installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Methodical instructions

to course and diploma design

Approved by the Editorial and Publishing

university council

Samara 2011

UDC 697.912 (035.5)

Compiled by: Yu.I. Kasyanov, G.I. Titov, E.B. Filatova

Technological maps for the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems: methodological instructions for course and diploma design. - Samarsk. state architect-builds un-t. - Samara, 2011 .-- 61 p.

These guidelines are intended for students of the 5th year of the daytime and 6th year of correspondence courses of the direction "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" specialty 27.01.09-65 "Heat and gas supply and ventilation" for the implementation of the course project on the discipline "Organization of construction production" and the same section of the diploma project.

The methodological instructions were developed in accordance with the educational and methodological complex of the higher school and include general rules for conducting installation work, the composition and procedure for developing technological maps, as well as standard technological maps for the main processes of installing ventilation and air conditioning systems.

These guidelines cannot be completely

or partially reproduced, replicated (including photocopied)

and distributed without permission

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

Editor

Technical editor

Corrector

Signed to print

Format 6084. Offset paper. Operational printing.

Uch.-ed. l. CONV. print l. Circulation 100 copies. Order no.

Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

443001 Samara, st. Molodogvardeyskaya, 194.

Printed in a typography

© Samara State

architectural and construction

university, 2011

Rules for conducting assembly and assembly work at the facility

The assembly production process can be divided into the following main stages:

development of installation drawings, work production projects, technological maps;

preparation of production in the assembly organization;

execution of assembly units and parts at the procurement enterprise and the acquisition of the necessary materials and equipment;

preparation of the construction object for the smooth and fast implementation of installation work;

installation and assembly works at the facilities;

testing, adjustment and commissioning of mounted systems and devices.

Execution of works in such a sequence ensures the rhythm and economic efficiency of the assembly production. Preparation of production in the installation organization and preparation of the object itself for installation can and should be carried out in parallel and simultaneously.

At present, the installation of systems at sites is carried out mainly from enlarged units coming from procurement enterprises. However, if the blanks are delivered to the objects in the form of separate elements, then the installation should begin with the assembly of these elements into enlarged units and blocks at the object itself. Modern equipment of assembly organizations with truck cranes, hydraulic elevators, various drive and manual winches allows you to operate large assembly units.

Thus, there are four basic rules for organizing the installation of internal sanitary systems.

First rule - installation is carried out in three stages: pre-assembly, installation in the design position and connection of assembly joints, not counting the installation of fasteners by a specialized team.

Second rule - the order of performance of work must be carried out in a firm sequence, due to considerations of construction technology.

Third rule - installation of pipelines, air ducts and equipment should be carried out on pre-installed fastening means. Advance installation of brackets, hangers, clamps, etc. ensures that the slopes of the system elements provided for by the project are either strictly horizontal or vertical.

Fourth rule - maximum mechanization of all types of work. This leads to a reduction in the timing of assembly and assembly work and a decrease in their labor intensity.

Most of the assembly operations are carried out manually, so special attention should be paid to the mechanization of ancillary work. This group of works includes the delivery of blanks and equipment to the interior of the facility or to the sites to the places of their final placement. In this case, the production process of installation can be accelerated by the maximum combination of transport operations with the installation of equipment (especially heavy) in the design position, i.e. with rigging works. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for a comprehensive mechanization of operations using several sequentially operating mechanisms (for example, vertical lifting - a truck crane, horizontal movement - trolleys or rollers in combination with winches, straightening - hoists or jacks).

To reduce labor costs for assembly work, small-scale mechanization tools should be widely used: electric nutrunners, drilling machines, etc. These tools and devices are included in kits for assembly teams.

In addition, it should be emphasized that when organizing and installing various systems, including ventilation and air conditioning systems, the safe performance of work must be ensured... This implies the device of good lighting of workplaces, the presence of fences, if the installation is carried out at a height, the use of serviceable tools, mechanisms, construction machines that must correspond to the nature of the construction process being performed, as well as the use of individual means of ensuring labor safety.

STANDARD TECHNOLOGICAL CARDS FOR PRODUCTION OF SEPARATE TYPES OF WORK

STANDARD TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

FOR INSTALLATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

6307030131
41131

INSTALLATIONCONSTRUCTIONS LARGE-PANEL RESIDENTIAL 9-FLOOR NOGO HOUSE SERIES 90

10. INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION UNITS OF TYPICAL FLOOR

MOSCOW 1991

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. A typical technological map was developed for the installation of ventilation blocks of a typical floor, a large-panel 9-storey residential building of series 90.

1.2. The scope of work considered in the map includes the installation of ventilation units.

1.3. All work on the installation of ventilation units is performed in three shifts. The card provides for the installation of ventilation units with a KB-405.1A tower crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons at a building height of up to 30 m.

1.4. When linking a typical technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the procedure for performing work on the installation of ventilation blocks, the placement of machines and equipment, the scope of work, mechanization means, adopted in the map, is specified in accordance with design decisions.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Prior to the installation of ventilation units, organizational and preparatory measures must be performed in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 "Organization of construction production".

In addition, the following work must be performed:

mounted, external and internal wall panels (in the case of installation, ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and plumbing cabins);

all structures of a typical floor have been assembled, including floor slabs (in the case of installation of free-standing ventilation units);

the channels of the downstream ventilation unit were cleaned from the remnants of the solution and other foreign objects;

mechanisms, inventory and accessories were delivered to the site and prepared for work;

workers and engineers are familiar with the technology of work and trained in safe working methods.

2.2. It is recommended to install the aboveground part of the building, including ventilation blocks, with tower cranes.

The location of the tower crane and the distance of the crane runways from the building are set when linking the map, depending on the space-planning solution of the building and the brand of the crane. The maximum distance from the axis of movement of the crane to the wall is determined by its technical characteristics, the minimum - by the safety conditions of work in accordance with SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction". The layout of the assembly valve is shown on,.

2.3. Transportation of ventilation units is carried out by semi-trailers-panel transporters in a vertical or slightly inclined (no more than 12 ° to the vertical) position.

Ventilation blocks are placed on panel carriers in accordance with the loading cards, which are drawn up at the manufacturing plants according to the installation schedule of objects.

The motor transport must have the necessary devices to ensure the stable position of the ventilation units during transportation and to protect them. them from damage.

Soft spacers should be placed under the cables securing the ventilation units to avoid damaging the edges and surfaces.

Installation of ventilation units is carried out mainly from vehicles. In the case when installation from vehicles is not possible, the ventilation units are unloaded onto a flashing located in the area of ​​operation of the assembly crane.

The ventilation units should be stored in the warehouse in cassettes or in pyramids ().

and the unloading must be uniform on both sides of the pyramid to avoid overturning. Slinging and unbundling of ventilation blocks stored in a warehouse - a pyramid, is produced from its upper platform.

Loading and unloading operations and transportation ventilation blocks are produced in compliance with measures to exclude the possibility of damage.

The solution is prepared centrally and delivered to the object using road transport funds: auto locomotives, concrete trucks, concrete mixer trucks and dump trucks.

Mortar mixtures at the construction site should be stored in boxes - containers, in rotary buckets, in bunkers, in units and installations for receiving, mixing and dispensing mixtures.

Delivery of the solution to the place of work carry out assembly tap in mortar boxes.

2.4. Installation of ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and sanitary cabins is performed during the installation of internal wall panels, partitions and sanitary cabins. Installation of freestanding ventilation blocks produced after the installation of floor slabs.

Slinging ventilation blocks carry outuniversal traversefour-branch for two loops (). The angle of inclination of the lines to the vertical is allowed no more than 15 °.

Installation of ventilation blocks is carried out according to the grips (one block is taken as a seizure - a section) and is carried out in a certain technologicalsequences... Scheme sequences installation of ventilation units on the example of block - section 90-05 is shown on.

Ventilation blocks are installed on a layer cement mortar with alignment of channels in height and careful monolithing horizontal seams. To prevent ingress of solution into channels ventilation block, it is spread over the top of the template - frames with caps. After laying the mortar, the frame is removed and the installation is started ventilation block.

Installation of ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and sanitary cabins is carried out as follows:

the ventilation block supplied by a crane to a height of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed is accepted by installers;

reconcile its position and lower it onto the mortar bed. At the same time, the installers make sure that the hinges of the lower-level unit enter the grooves of the unit to be installed. The alignment of the ventilation units is performed by aligning the axes of the two mutually perpendicular faces of the installed units at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower unit. The blocks are installed relative to the vertical plane by verifying the planes of two mutually perpendicular faces using a plumb rail.

the adjusted ventilation unit is temporarily fixed to the inner wall panel with two clamps ();

after aligning and temporarily fixing the ventilation unit, the installers unstrap the unit.

Temporary fasteners (clamps) can be removed only after installing plumbing cabins adjacent to the installed blocks.

Installation of free-standing ventilation units is carried out in the following technological order:

the ventilation unit supplied to the installation site is received and directed into the hole in the floor slab. The installer, located on the underlying overlap, takes it at a distance of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed and turns it in the desired direction;

the ventilation unit is lowered onto the prepared mortar bed and its position is adjusted, aligning the axes of the two mutually perpendicular faces of the unit at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower unit. If there are deviations from the design position, the installers correct the bottom of the block with mounting crowbars;

installers located on the overlying floor adjust the position of the top of the block, and after reaching the design position, fixing it with wooden wedges ();

after the final alignment, making sure of the reliability of the temporary fastening, the block is unstopped.

The internal cavity of the channels must be cleaned from the squeezed out solution using a mop.

Places of passage of the ventilation unit through the floor slab are sealed with cement mortar.

2.6. When carrying out work in the winter, it is necessary to be guided by the instructions of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and Fencing Structures", as well as the current instructions, manuals and special instructions of the project.

Winter working conditions determine the average daily outside air temperature below 5 ° С and the minimum daily temperature below 0 ° С (SNiP 3.03.01-87).

In winter, it is necessary to ensure the correct storage and storage of the structure in the on-site warehouse, protecting them from the formation of ice. The top of the ventilation blocks in the warehouse is sewn with sheets of roll material.

Before lifting the ventilation unit, check whether it is frozen to the ground or neighboring products.

Preparation of ventilation units for installation includes cleaning them from snow and ice, especially carefully at the joints. Cleaning should be done with scrapers or steel brushes. At the end of the removal of ice, the abutting surfaces should be dried with a stream of hot air.

It is not allowed to use for cleaning the abutting surfaces of pairs, hot water or sodium chloride solution.

Before installing the ventilation units, remove snow and ice from the floor and butt joints, sprinkle with sand workplace, storage areas and walkways, flights of stairs and platforms, clear the channels of the mounted ventilation unit from snow.

Installation work in winter conditions should be carried out using the same tools, fixtures and fittings as in the summer.

All rigging and assembly devices must be kept free of ice and dried. Couplings and screw connections must be lubricated with oil.

Installation of ventilation units in winter conditions can be carried out with mortars with antifreeze additives, ensuring their hardening in the cold.

Sodium nitrite ( NaNO 2 ), complex additive NKM (sodium nitrite + urea), potash ( K 2 CO 3 ) and a combined additive of potash and sodium nitrite.

The use of antifreeze additives - sodium nitrite, is recommended at ambient temperatures up to minus 15 ° С, NKM - up to minus 20 ° С, potash and a mixture of sodium nitrite with potash - up to minus 30 ° С.

The amount of anti-frost additives, depending on the outside temperature, should be assigned in accordance with the "Manual for the installation of large-panel residential buildings with a small step", TsNIIEPzhilishcha, 1980.

When installing at temperatures below minus 20 ° C, the solution should be used one grade higher than the design grade.

The mortar for the next mounted ventilation unit should be spread immediately before its installation in place.

The use of a solution frozen and warmed with hot water is not allowed.

At the construction site, the usual mortar mixture must be stored in an insulated container located in a specially designated place, protected from wind and atmospheric precipitation.

Storage of a solution with the addition of sodium nitrite at temperatures up to minus 15 ° С, with potash - up to minus 30 ° С is allowed in an uninsulated container.

The work log should record the temperature of the outside air, the amount of additive introduced into the solution and other data reflecting the effect on the hardening process of solutions.

Table 1

Name of a set of machines and equipment	Variant (facet code)	Technical specifications		Quantity, pcs.
Assembly crane		Tower crane with lifting capacity
		Tower crane with lifting capacity of 9 t
Vehicles		Semi-trailer panel carrier of cassette type with a lifting capacity of 12 t
		Semi-trailer panel carrier of the backbone type with a lifting capacity of 14t
Equipment		Compressor installation mobile		1 - ventilation blocks; 2 - pyramid warehouse. Rice. - 3 Slinging diagram of the ventilation unit 1 - universal traverse (four-branch self-balancing) Rice. - 4. Scheme of assembly sequence of prefabricated structures of a typical floor at the reception of sections 90-05 Rice. - 5. Note: 1. On the diagram of the sequence of assembling structures, the numbers in the numerator indicate the brand, and in the denominator - the ordinal number of the assembly of structures. 2. Structures marked with (*) are unloaded to an on-site warehouse and assembled in order of priority. Alignment of the ventilation unit. Scheme of temporary fastening of the ventilation unit to the wall panel.		Solution supply
Mortar shovel
			Leveling mortar
	TU 22-4629-80		Cleaning surfaces
Galvanized bucket	GOST 20558-82		Storage of water or solution in the workplace
Darning	266.000.000 trust "Mosorgstroy"		Sealing horizontal joints
Template frame with stubs			Mortar bed device
Mop	R.ch. MS-397 Institute "Ortyugstroy" of the Ministry of State Construction of the RSFSR		Cleaning ventilation ducts from solution
Measuring tape, metal			Measuring elements and staking out axes
Folding steel meter	TU 2-17-303-84		Measuring elements
Measuring ruler, metal
Plumb rail	3295.03.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR		Determination of verticality when installing blocks
Installer's booth	3295.07.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR		Winter heating room and tool storage
Construction helmet			Head protection
Safety belt	GOST 12.4.089-86		Fall protection
Gloves (mittens) special			Protection of hands from injury

The need for materials and semi-finished products for performing work on the installation of ventilation units on a typical floor is given in table. 6

Table 6

Name of material, construction (brand, GOST)	Variant (facet code)	Initial data			Need
		unit	amount of work in standard units	accepted material consumption rate	in materials
Cement mortar M100 (mortar bed) GOST 28013-89		100 pieces. blocks
Cement mortar M100 (for sealing the places where ventilation blocks pass through the floor slab) GOST 28013-89					7.8. Work areas, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them in the dark should be illuminated. 7.9. When carrying out installation work, use the system of conventional signals established by the administration. All signals are given by only one person (foreman, team leader, rigger), except for the “Stop” signal, which is given by any person who has noticed a clear danger (SNiP III-4-80 * p. 12.18). 7.10. On the site (seizure) where assembly work, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons (SNiP III-4-80 * p. 12.1). 7.11. The ventilation units should be installed in the technological sequence provided by the card. In this case, the following installation rules must be observed: before lifting the blocks, check the quality and reliability of their slinging; it is not allowed to lift with a crane blocks that are clamped by other elements or frozen to the ground; move blocks horizontally at a height of at least 0.5 m and at a distance of at least 1 m from other structures; do not carry the ventilation units with a crane above the workstation place of installers, as well as over the seizure where other construction work is being carried out; accept the supplied unit only when it is 0.2 - 0.3 m from the installation site. Accepting the item, the assemblers do not should be between it and another structure. 7.12. Install ventilation blocks follow without jolts, avoiding blows to other structures. 7.13. During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave lifted ventilation units or weights. 7.14. Installed in the design position, the ventilation blocks must be fixed so that their stability is ensured and geometric immutability. Unslinging of structures installed in the design position is allowed to be carried out after permanent or temporary reliable fastening. It is not allowed to move the installed structures after they have been unfastened. 7.15. The mortar boxes should only be installed in junctions floor slabs to each other, i.e. e. over the interior wall panels. 7.16. When preparing a mortar mixture using chemical additives, it is necessary to take measures to prevent skin burns and damage to the eyes. This work should be carried out in accordance with the "guidelines for the use of concrete with antifreeze additives ". 7.17. When carrying out work in winter, staircases, flights, walkways, mounted ventilation blocks, as well as mounting devices must be cleaned of snow and ice, and the workersplacesto sprinklesand. 7.18. Notallowedfulfillassemblyworkon theheight inopenlocationsatspeedthe wind 15 m/ Withandmore, atice, thunderstormandfog, excludingvisibilityvwithinfrontworks. 7.19. Ifvprocessmountingvent blocksformedopenopenings, Towhichavailableaccess, people, necessaryinstallinventoryportablefencesorenjoyshields foroverlapholes. 7.20. Atworkon theheightinstallersandotherworkersmustbeequipped withverifiedandSalary of workers-assemblers r.-k.	20 - 56
Wages of machine operators, R.-K.	7 - 10
Duration of work, shifts	0,99
Development of ventilation units per worker per shift	6,99
Conditional costs for mechanization, rubles - to.	31 - 30
The amount of variable costs, rubles - to.	51 - 86

9. FACETED FACTOR CLASSIFIER

FACET 01

Unloading elements for on-site salary

Factor name	Justification		Factor value
Weight unloaded ventilation blocks, t, up to: 1	§ E 1-7, No. 28 a, b K = 0.8 (PR-2)		By calculation
2	Too, № 29 a, b		N.vr. and the prices for the driver multiplied by 0.688. N.vr. and the rates for the rigger multiplied by 0.692
3	The same, No. 30 a, b		N.vr. and the prices for the driver multiply by 0.438. N.vr. and the prices for the rigger multiplied by 0.431

FACE 0 2

Height from the level of planning marks

Factor name	Justification		Factor value
Rygot, m, up to: 15	ENiR, Sat. 4, no. 1, introduction, clause 3		By calculation
	Too, HF-1		Time rate and rate multiply by 1.05

FACET 03

Weightmountedelement

Factor name	Justification		Factor value
Ventilation unit weight, t, up to:
	§ E 4-1-14, * 1		By calculation
	The same, no. 2		Time rate and rate multiplied by 1.5
	The same, no. 3
	The same, no. 4	and

FACE 04

InningssolutionToplaceworktowercrane(heightliftingbefore 12 m)

FACET 05

Height of lifting solution to the place of work with a tower crane

Factor name	Justification		Factor value
Lifting height, m, up to:
	§ E 1-7, No. 9 a, b		By calculation
	The same, No. 9a, b + c, d		Time rate and rate multiply by 1.2037
	Too, № 9a, b + 2 c, d		The same, 1.407
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 3 c, d		The same, 1.611
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 4c, d		The same, 1.815

FACE 06

Consumptioncementsolutionon the 100 PC. blocks(mortarbed), m 3

Note. The values ​​of the factors are framed in the table , which are calculated on the basis of this technological map .