Technical card for the installation of the channel formwork. Technological map for the installation of the formwork of a monolithic house

The installation of the formwork is carried out using a KB 403 tower crane with a boom length of 30 m, installed according to the construction plan. The installation of the formwork should be carried out according to the grips. Each floor is divided into two sections in the plan.

Columns, walls and ceilings are to be concreted in the "Peri" formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

STEN - made of metal panels lined with water-resistant plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete of 60 kN / m 2; straightening locks BFD, providing in one operation the connectivity, evenness and density of the formwork panels; strands DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the strand of 90 kN; leveling tie rod PCC with a support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; consoles of suspended scaffolding TRZh 120, ensuring safety when the load on the platform is 150 kg / m 2.

COLUMN - metal panels TRS, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the permissible pressure of freshly laid concrete of 100 kN / m 2, column tension bolts with a permissible bolt load of 90 kN.

COVERINGS - from lattice beams GT 24 different lengths with a bearing capacity - transverse force in struts - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, PER 30 supports with a bearing capacity of 30 kN; panels made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

The formwork is delivered to the construction site in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See below for the formwork installation scheme, it shows the arrangement of work tables and installation and docking of PERI carts.

Before starting the installation of the formwork on the grip, it is necessary to perform:

Concrete reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, elevator shaft;

Apply centerline risks to reinforced concrete slabs;

Apply the concrete-release liquid "Pera-Wedge" to the formwork panels using a spray gun;

installation of design fittings;

delivery of tools, devices and equipment to the workplace.

Formwork installation scheme.

The sequence of formwork installation at the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

Install the block of outer formwork panels on the spacers;

Install fittings;

Install the block of internal panels on straps and locks with scaffolding and flooring consoles hanging.

The transfer of the main axes of the building to the slab is carried out from the benchmarks. All other building axes are set out from the main axes of the measurement paths. Control over the erection of a monolithic house vertically is carried out floor by floor by theodolites using the oblique design method.

When performing geodetic works, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 "Geodetic works in construction".

To reduce the grip of the deck with concrete surface clean it thoroughly and spray it with Peri-Klin concrete release fluid. Clean immediately after removing the formwork by spraying with water, then with a rubber-tipped scraper and a hair brush and spraying with concrete release agent. Apply the concrete release fluid with a hand-held spray gun. Apply at the storage site (in winter - in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricating film from being washed off by rain.

Slinging of the formwork is carried out using a special TRIO hook included in the formwork kit and a transport sling with four ropes. To lift the panels, use two TRIO crane hooks (load-bearing capacity of one hook - 1.5 t).

See below for the slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The lifting of small and piece elements should be carried out in containers.

Slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The sequence of operations during the installation of wall formwork:

The position of the diaphragm is marked on the spot, using perforators, holes Ø = 25 mm with a depth of 90 mm are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs for the installation of NKD-S M 20 anchors.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of shields (3 pcs.) Is assembled, connected with BFP locks with RSS1 spacers hinged on them.

With the help of crane hooks of the "Peri" system (2 pcs. Per transport unit), the package of shields is lifted to a vertical position and transported by a crane to the installation site.

The package of shields is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and is fastened with RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors to reinforced concrete slab... Separate panels or panels are docked to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the amount specified in the project.

The entire structure is brought to a vertical position with the help of RSS1 struts, and then reinforcement work is started.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the inner row of formwork panels is mounted, connected to the previously installed panels using DW-15 straps and washer nuts, with the installation of PVC-U pipes Ø = 25 mm in length to the thickness of the diaphragm.

Then end shields Shch-1 are installed, connected to the formwork shields with BFD locks and TAR-85 leveling locks, scaffolding brackets TRG - 120 and wooden flooring 35 - 40 mm thick are hung.

The entire structure is finally brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

Reinforcement work is in progress.

On a horizontal stand, a formwork block is assembled from two panels connected by column bolts.

By means of a crane equipped with two-hook TRIO slings, the unit is lifted to a vertical position and placed on a horizontal platform and temporarily fixed to the base using a spacer RSS1.

The third shield is being mounted.

The block of three panels is transported to the installation site using a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and is mounted in the design position, with the RSS1 spacer fastening to the floor slab.

The fourth panel is mounted and secured by the RSS1 spacer.

The scaffolding consoles are hung, and the scaffolding panel boarding is performed.

The formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position using the RSS1 spacers. The formwork is ready for concreting the elevator shaft.

The internal elevator shafts are marked on the foundation slab.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, four packages of panels are assembled to the length of the inner wall of the elevator shaft with fastening to each other with BFD locks according to the project.

With the help of crane hooks of the TRIO system (2 pcs. Per transport unit), the package is lifted to a vertical position and transported to the installation site by a tower crane. The package is installed in the design position with temporary fastening of the RSST brace to the reinforced concrete slab. Then the rest of the panels are installed and connected with BFD locks according to the project.

Reinforcement works are in progress.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the external formwork panels of the elevator shaft are installed, connected to the previously installed formwork with DW 15 ties with washer nuts and PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm long by the thickness of the elevator wall, leveling locks TAR - 85 and between themselves with BFD locks according to the project.

The braces RSS1 are installed, the scaffolds TRG-120 are suspended and the boardwalk is made according to the project.

With the help of RSS1 struts, the structure is brought into a vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Sequence of installation of the elevator shaft formwork from elevation +0.000

Support elements (stand-stop) are installed in the upper holes, freed from the straps, to support the next tier of the formwork according to the project.

The device of the flooring in the elevator shaft and in the staircase for the production of installation and reinforcement works is being carried out.

The internal formwork of the elevator shaft (assembled) is mounted using a tower crane on the installed supporting elements (stop-posts) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcement work is being carried out on the tier of the installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External packages of formwork panels are mounted with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with BFD locks, RSS1 spacers fastened with NKD-S M20 anchors, TRG-120 scaffolding consoles are hung and a boardwalk is made along them according to the project.

The entire structure is brought into a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Overlap

Installation and disassembly of the multiflex floor formwork is carried out in accordance with the technological map.

DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK.

Dismantling the formwork of columns, walls and an elevator shaft should be started when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the overlap is 15 MPa.

The sequence of dismantling the formwork.

COLUMN

A block of two internal shields is dismantled

The next block of two shields is dismantled

STEN

The inner row of shields is dismantled

End and corner shields

Outdoor block of shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

The block of the internal formwork is dismantled

The outer formwork is dismantled.

Overlap

The intermediate racks are dismantled

The main stands are lowered by 4 cm

The cross beams are dismantled

Formwork panels are being dismantled

The main beams are dismantled

The racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations when dismantling the formwork.

COLUMN

Remove the panel board

Remove scaffolding consoles

Loosen the column bolts on the two-shield block

Sling a block of two panels using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the mount

With the help of a tower crane, lower it to the storage area to prepare for the next concreting.

Sling the next block of two panels, disconnect the leveling rods and lower it with a tower crane to the storage area.

WALLS

Remove the panel board

Remove scaffolding consoles

Rope the inner panel block of three panels with two TRIO hooks

Remove the BFD locks from the block of panels connecting to the next block of panels, disconnect the rods and locks, leveling the rods

Using a crane, release the block of three panels and lower it onto the storage area.

Repeat all operations with the following shield blocks

Sling end shield

Free it from strains and constipation and lower it to the storage area using a tower crane

Sling an outdoor block of three panels

Remove the leveling rods, BFD locks fastening to the next block of panels and using a crane lower to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the following blocks of external panels.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

Remove the tightening rods, constipation.

To sling indoor unit formwork with four sling hooks and with the help of a crane remove the entire block from the elevator shaft and put it on the storage area for subsequent preparation.

Sling the end block with the uncoupling element and use a crane to remove it from the shaft and lower it to the storage area

Remove the panel board and scaffold brackets from the next outer wall of the lift

Rope this block with two TRIO hooks

Remove the leveling rods and use a tower crane to remove the unit from the elevator shaft and lower it to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the lift.

Overlap

Dismantle the formwork according to the technological map.

Safety precautions.

At the seizure, where assembly work, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons.

Cleaning of the structural elements to be installed from dirt and ice should be carried out before lifting them.

Stay of people on structural elements during their lifting and movement is not allowed.

It is not allowed to find people under the elements to be mounted before installing them in the design position and securing them.

To make loosening of formwork blocks from assembly towers H = 2.5m (5.14 D of catalog 2617-961-89), external panels from block decks.

It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height in open places with a wind speed of 15 m / s or more, with ice, thunderstorms, fog, excluding visibility within the work front. Work on moving formwork panels with high windage should be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m / s.

During the installation of the formwork, the installers must be on previously installed and securely fixed structures or scaffolds.

When installing panels with high windage, it is necessary to use guy wires to keep the panel from swinging.

Every day, before starting work, the foreman (foreman) must check the condition of the assembled panels and formwork blocks, working platforms, hanging platforms and stairs.

It is prohibited to carry out welding and gas-flame work of wooden formwork without appropriate safety measures.

Perform the work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" , SNiP 2.02.02-85 * "Fire safety standards".

Technological map for concrete work of a monolithic house in the formwork "PERI"

Concreting of columns, walls and ceilings should be carried out with grapples. Each floor is divided in the plan into 2 captures. The working seam is specified in the project. During the installation of the reinforcement at the border of the grips in the overlap, install a woven mesh GOST 3826-82, tying it to the reinforcement with a knitting wire. The resumption of concreting in the places of the construction of working seams is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa. To clean the working joints from the cement film with an air jet from the compressor. It is allowed to arrange working seams - for columns and walls at the level of the bottom of the floor slab, for overlapping in the middle of the span 3-4 or 4-5 - parallel to the digital axes. In the initial period of concrete hardening, it is necessary to protect against atmospheric precipitation or moisture loss.

Before the start of concreting, the following work must be performed on each grip:

Installation and alignment of formwork

Fitting installation

The certificate of examination has been drawn up hidden works for the installation of fittings, embedded parts, corrugated power supply pipes, formwork.

When concreting the columns, use concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; internal walls (diaphragms) - concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; elevator shafts - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50; floors - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50.

The movement of people on the concreted structures and the installation of the formwork of the overlying structures is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 MPa.

The concrete is delivered to the construction site in auto mixers. At the construction site, organize a place for receiving concrete from auto mixers in the form of two bunkers. For uniform distribution of concrete in the formwork of walls and columns, unload the concrete into funnels installed in the formwork.

Reinforcement of walls and columns to be carried out directly on the gripper manually from separate rods and frames, having previously fed the blanks with a crane to the overlap. The fixation of the frames in relation to the edges of the wall in order to form a protective layer should be carried out using clamps according to brands, depending on the diameter of the reinforcement on which it is put on and the thickness of the protective layer of concrete. Concrete placement within the work area should be done in horizontal layers 500 mm thick. When compaction concrete mix the immersion depth of the vibrator should ensure its immersion into the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm. The step of repositioning the vibrators is not more than 1.5 of its radius of action. Vibrate until the end of the appearance of air bubbles on the concrete surface, vibrate especially carefully in the corners of the formwork.

Floor slab reinforcement to be made of frames and meshes made at the factory (reinforcement yard of the construction site). The nets and frames are transported by a tower crane to workplace and mounted in the following sequence:

A row of bottom grids are installed

Support frames are installed

The upper grids are mounted.

The assembly of space frames into volumetric ones is carried out using a knitting wire. Fixation of the lower nets in relation to the overlap plane in order to form a protective layer using plastic clamps (TU 6-05-160-77). Simultaneously with the installation of the reinforcement, lay horizontal PVC pipes to skip electrical communications. Pull the wire into the tubes before laying. Attach the tubes to the armature with a knitting wire. At the same time, all embedded parts are installed in the formwork according to the project. Concrete placement within the designated work area should be carried out to the depth of the floor thickness without breaks, with a sequential direction of placement in one direction. The height of free concrete dumping from the bunker is not more than 1m. vibrate until air bubbles appear on the concrete surface, until cement laitance appears.

Safety precautions.

The place for receiving concrete should be made with a fence on three sides, except for the side of the entrance of cars, on this side signs "Caution, possible fall" are installed.

Climb the scaffolding using inventory stairs.

When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest the vibrators on reinforcement and embedded products, rods and other formwork fastening elements.

Every day, before starting to place concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to check the condition of the container, formwork and paving equipment. Found faults must be rectified immediately.

When compacting concrete with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator by the current-carrying hoses, and during breaks in work and when moving from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.

Placement of equipment and materials on the formwork that are not provided for by the project for the production of work, as well as the presence of unauthorized persons is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of reinforcement, a fence should be installed on each grip on the perimeter ceiling.

8. Perform the work in accordance with the requirement of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures ", SNiP 2.02.02-85 *" Fire safety standards ".

One of the first stages in the construction of structures for various purposes is the installation of formwork. This process is often overlooked. But already at the stage of preparation for pouring it becomes clear that not everything is as simple as it was thought at first. The installation instructions for the formwork will help to assemble the frame.

Formwork types

There are three types of construction:

Removable, which is dismantled after the solution has completely dried. Such formwork is assembled from separate parts. The result is a collapsible structure that can be dismantled and reused. Among the advantages of this type of formwork are the ease of installation, the possibility of reuse, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction.

Fixed, respectively, the one that is not dismantled. Installation of this type of formwork is carried out mainly from expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. It remains part of the structure under construction. And at the same time it acts as a heater.

"Floating" formwork is typical for the construction of a monolithic foundation, which is immersed in the ground. It is a board assembled from boards, which is slightly higher in height than the planned concrete structure. The shield is lowered into the pit and attached to its walls. Cardboard or roofing material is rolled over it.

There are also several types, depending on the purpose:

Wall formwork. Installation is carried out for the construction of vertical structures and walls.

Horizontal, which is used for the installation of foundations and floors.

Curved, which allows you to fill in details of unusual shapes.

Installation and dismantling of each type of formwork has its own characteristics. You need to know them for quality work.

The advantages of permanent formwork

Installation of permanent formwork involves the purchase of a ready-made set for the performance of work. It remains only to assemble the structure and install it. This implies a number of advantages that this type of formwork has:

short terms of work execution;

ease of installation;

low weight of the structure;

resistance to the appearance of fungus and mold;

fire safety;

low cost.

Also, permanent formwork is at the same time a layer of insulation and is a foam block that is easily connected to each other. Moreover, the inner wall is thinner than the outer one. This achieves a high level of thermal insulation.

Erection of permanent formwork

The finished shields are attached to the corner bars with self-tapping screws or nails. The fastening must be secure. As the concrete expands, the pressure on the shield will increase, which can lead to cracking of the boards. The main thing is that the bar itself remains with outside... In parallel to the assembled structure, another row is assembled at the distance of the future wall. As a result, you should get a frame around the entire perimeter.

A layer of crushed stone or sand is poured into the finished formwork box. This will protect the mortar from moisture loss, which will go into the ground. The formwork installation technology provides for protection against the flow of mortar through the existing holes. For this, the boards are covered with a film or roofing felt, which are fastened with screws or staples using a stapler.

All work must be carried out taking into account the level. It is very important. At each stage, the evenness of the structure in height, length and vertical is checked (especially important). Two rows of shields should run strictly parallel to each other.

Basic formwork elements

Removable formwork, which is assembled independently, consists of the following elements:

Deck, which is a flat panel that is the entire form of enclosure. The structure must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the mortar. Therefore, it is made from plywood or edged boards 4-5 cm thick.

Scaffolding, which are the support of the structure. They hold the walls in place, preventing the mortar from squeezing out the deck. Scaffolding is made from pine blocks or boards (2.5-5 cm).

Fasteners are all the parts with which all structural elements are twisted: wire, clamps, ties, hardware, and so on.

The deck is most often assembled from planks 15 cm wide, which are connected in several rows using nails (driven in from the inside, bent from the outside) or self-tapping screws (they are screwed with inside). The distance between the boards should not exceed 3 mm. Shields are fastened together with additional strips.

A simpler option for making a deck is to use moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 1.8-2.1 cm.

Formwork installation

The frame will be installed evenly and level if the site has been properly prepared in advance. It is marked out using cords stretched between the pegs. The sand cushion is filled up and compacted. If necessary, a foundation pit is prepared.

The installation of the formwork takes place in the following sequence:

The perimeter should be marked with vertical guides ( wooden blocks, metal corners or pipes).

It is required to place ready-made panels along the guides, maintaining the required distance between them (it is equal to the required thickness of the foundation).

Fix the deck firmly. Support it from the outside with inclined beams (1 brace for each meter of deck).

Connect the shields to each other with 5x5 cm bars.

Cover the inner side of the formwork with foil (roofing felt).

Foundations up to 20 cm high do not require serious construction. For them, the bars driven into the ground are enough.

Installation of wall formwork

The process of erecting wall formwork is more complicated. At the same time, small-panel and large-panel formwork are distinguished.

The first option is suitable for the construction of small buildings ( country houses, utility buildings) and partitions between rooms. In this case, small-sized plywood boards are used.

Installation of large-panel formwork is typical for the construction of buildings with high heights. For work, use sheets of metal or large sheets of plywood.

For the installation of the walls, a foundation is prepared into which the reinforcement is stuck. A two-row formwork frame is assembled around it. When using ordinary plywood, the joints are coated with glue or sealant. There is currently a special formwork plywood on the market. Its individual sheets are connected according to the “thorn-groove” principle, which does not require additional sealing.

Floor types

Installation of slab formwork depends on the type of slab itself. The following types of structures are distinguished:

On bulky bowls. It is used for structures with high heights. In this case, vertical posts, jacks, inserts, crossbars and other elements are used to connect individual parts.

On blade scaffolds that are used for multi-storey buildings... Scaffolds are installed instead of plywood boards.

On cup-type forests. This view provides for the installation of the frame. The racks are connected to each other by the cup method.

On telescopic bowls. Suitable in cases where the floor height is less than 4.6 m. It is based on tripods that support the entire structure. Shields of moisture-resistant plywood are laid on top.

Slab formwork

Currently, monolithic flooring is most often used. Using his example, we will analyze the formwork installation process.

For the formwork, vertical posts are used, interconnected by crossbars. They are attached at right angles to the bars running in the transverse direction. A plywood board is laid on these transverse beams, which is the bottom of the formwork.

To carry out these works, the following materials are used:

rack - a bar with a cross section of 12-15 cm;

transom and cross beam - edged board 16-18 cm wide and 5 cm thick;

braces - board 3 cm thick;

flooring - moisture resistant 1.8 cm thick.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations. It is important to define required amount racks, the step of their placement and other indicators.

Slab Formwork Installation Instructions

The work instruction includes the following steps:

Longitudinal beams are attached to the upper part of the racks, the other end of which is fixed to the wall.

The second row is assembled in the same way. For this, a board 5 cm thick is laid under the supports.

The transverse beams are laid with a step of 60 cm.

Support posts are installed (strictly vertically).

The racks are interconnected with braces.

Plywood sheets are laid on the transverse bars, leaving no gaps.

The ends of the slab are protected by masonry from blocks or bricks.

The frame is assembled from reinforcement. At the same time, if necessary, they leave space for communications.

When all the work is completed, concrete can be poured. Remove the formwork after 3 weeks.

Conclusion

The installation of each type of formwork involves the use of certain materials. If boards are used, they must be new. Rotten old boards can fail and break. Plywood should be moisture resistant or laminated.

All work is required to be performed in accordance with the calculations made. This is especially important for the installation of floor and wall formwork.

Individual and industrial construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings, bridges and overpasses is carried out using formwork ceilings. They are easy to install and allow you to erect buildings of various shapes and sizes in various climatic zones with an ambient temperature of +45 to -40 degrees C.

Formwork on volumetric racks

Types of slab formwork

The use of different types formwork:

recommended for floors up to 5 meters high. They are the most economical of all formwork types and can be erected within a short period of time. The tripod base is reasonably stable and supports the main strut securely. Moisture-resistant plywood panels are placed on beams made of wood or metal profiles.
Volumetric props of floor formwork are erected at a height of up to 20 meters. Ease of installation is ensured by vertical posts connected with crossbars, flange and jack systems. According to the installation method, they are subdivided:

on wedge-shaped scaffolds - with a frame of horizontal and vertical posts that can be installed under different angles, depending on the complexity of the work performed at different construction sites. The scaffolding and working ladders provide the necessary level of safety for the working personnel.
with cup scaffolding - allowing to install up to 4 structural elements on one level.

The device of volumetric racks

The main starting post is mounted on the jack, onto which additional posts of different lengths are attached to the flanges. In the same flanges, horizontal girders are installed, fastening the formwork sections. Additional posts and crossbars of different lengths allow the construction of sectional groups of various sizes. The top of the structure is crowned with a jack with a fork, on which wooden or metal deck beams are attached.

The starting and additional posts are made of metal, which provides the necessary rigidity of the structure. It can be reinforced with additional special flanges installed one meter apart. Ease of installation is provided by one tapered end of the rack. The uniformity of the load distribution is guaranteed by the wedge clamps, which also increase the reliability and strength of the entire structure.

Specifications:

Maximum height limit, m - 20.
The minimum height limit, m - 1.5.
Rack pitch, m - 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0.
The maximum limit of the distributed load on the girder, kg - 1200.
Allowable turnover - 100 cycles.
The maximum turnover is 200 cycles.
Section height, m - 0.5.

The calculation of the formwork for construction depends on the total area of the building being erected and the axle load. For ease of installation, the distance between the racks is from 1 to 3 meters in half-meter increments. Plywood sheet is selected taking into account the trimmings to fit on the installed sites.

The advantages of volumetric slab formwork props:

Operational safety due to rigid and reliable fastening.
The ability to move individual units without disassembling them using lifting devices.
Ease of assembly and disassembly using universal fasteners for the entire system.
Most effective when working at high altitudes.
It can be used for finishing works.
Long-term - up to a maximum of 200 cycles.
The ability to develop individual design solutions in construction.

Manufacturers of volumetric slab formwork offer not only standard sizes of all components, but they also manufacture structures according to the orders of construction organizations. It is possible to purchase a ready-made set or rent it, which will significantly reduce the monetary costs of construction.

Regulatory documentation for slab formwork

Each manufacturer prepares its own internal standards for the production of structural elements. All components of the formwork must comply with the requirements for products of hazard class 2 in accordance with GOST R 52085 - 2003, which must be confirmed by a certificate from the regional agency Rosstandart. The technological process of production is strictly regulated by the company's specialists at every stage.

When installing the structure and working at height, the safety requirements must be observed. All actions must be carried out in special protective clothing and using personal protective equipment. Employees should be familiar with the basic technical documentation and have permits to work.

How to make volumetric formwork yourself

It is much more economical to make the formwork with your own hands when building a private house. But at the same time, the following nuances should be taken into account:

Particular attention should be paid to the installation of support legs that carry the main load. Metal supports provide reliability, but working with them is a little more difficult than with wooden ones.
Ensure the rigidity of the installation of the base. For this, the installation is carried out on a carefully prepared site - irregularities are tamped and wooden gaskets are laid along the axes.
The longitudinal beams are attached to the uprights on metal corners using bolted connections.
The cross beams do not need to be secured, but simply stacked on the longitudinal beams. This helps to facilitate the dismantling process after all work has been completed.
With the help of braces, the support racks and longitudinal beams are fixed.
Plywood should be laid tightly to each other, carefully watching the joints, which should be strictly on the floor beam.
The most optimal distance between the posts is 1.5 meters.
The alignment of the entire structure is carried out using a level or a level and a plumb line.
Installation of each subsequent tier should be done after carefully fixing and checking the previous one.

For the manufacture of formwork, you can use the available lumber, but they must not be rotten and thoroughly dried from coniferous wood. The bars of the racks must have a cross section of at least 12 * 12 cm, and the beam 16 * 16 cm.

Dismantling the formwork

Dismantling work depends on the drying time of the concrete or the completion of the necessary finishing activities. In hot summer weather, the formwork can be removed after 3 - 4 days. All work is carried out in the reverse order that was carried out during assembly. The formwork can then be reused. For this, all elements should be marked, sorted and cleaned from all contaminants.

Installation and dismantling of volumetric slab formwork is a rather troublesome and complicated matter. The utmost attention and concentration is required during assembly, on which the life and health of workers can depend. But with some knowledge of technology and required materials, it is possible on their own carry out all the required work on schedule.

Columns, walls and ceilings are to be concreted in the "Peri" formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

- WALL - made of metal panels lined with water-resistant plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete of 60 kN / m 2; straightening locks BFD, providing in one operation the connectivity, evenness and density of the formwork panels; strands DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the strand of 90 kN; leveling tie rod PCC with a support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; consoles of suspended scaffolding TRZh 120, ensuring safety when the load on the platform is 150 kg / m 2.
- COLUMN - metal panels TRS, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the permissible pressure of freshly laid concrete of 100 kN / m 2, column tension bolts with a permissible bolt load of 90 kN.
- COVERINGS - made of lattice girders GT 24 of various lengths with a bearing capacity - transverse force in struts - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, supports PER 30 with a bearing capacity of 30 kN; panels made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

The formwork is delivered to the construction site in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See below for the formwork installation scheme, it shows the arrangement of work tables and installation and docking of PERI carts.

Before starting the installation of the formwork on the grip, it is necessary to perform:

- to concrete a reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, an elevator shaft;
- apply the risks of the alignment axes to the reinforced concrete slabs;
- to apply the concrete-separating liquid "Pera-Wedge" to the formwork panels using a spray gun;

installation of design fittings;

delivery of tools, devices and equipment to the workplace.

Formwork installation scheme.

The sequence of formwork installation at the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

- install the block of outer formwork panels on the spacers;
- install fittings;
- to install the block of internal panels on straps and locks with hanging of the scaffolding and flooring consoles.

When performing geodetic works, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 "Geodetic works in construction".

To reduce the adhesion of the deck to the concrete surface, thoroughly clean it and spray it with Peri-Klin concrete release fluid. Clean immediately after removing the formwork by spraying with water, then with a rubber-tipped scraper and a hair brush and spraying with concrete release agent. Apply the concrete release fluid with a hand-held spray gun. Apply at the storage site (in winter - in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricating film from being washed off by rain.

See below for the slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The lifting of small and piece elements should be carried out in containers.

Slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The sequence of operations during the installation of wall formwork:

- the position of the diaphragm is marked on the spot, using perforators, holes W = 25 mm 90 mm deep are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs to install NKD-S M 20 anchors.
- on the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of shields (3 pcs.) is assembled, connected by BFP locks with RSS1 struts attached to them.
- by means of crane hooks of the "Peri" system (2 pcs. per transport unit), the package of shields is lifted to a vertical position and transported by a crane to the installation site.
- the package of shields is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and is fastened with RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors to the reinforced concrete slab. Separate panels or panels are docked to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the amount specified in the project.
- the entire structure is brought to a vertical position with the help of RSS1 struts, and then reinforcement work is started.
- after the completion of the reinforcement work, the inner row of formwork panels is mounted, connected to the previously installed panels using DW-15 straps and washer nuts, with the installation of PVCVH pipes W = 25 mm in length to the thickness of the diaphragm.
- then the end shields Shch-1 are installed, connected to the formwork shields with BFD locks and TAR-85 leveling locks, scaffolding brackets TRG - 120 and wooden flooring 35 - 40 mm thick are hung.

The entire structure is finally brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

- reinforcement work is being carried out.
- on a horizontal stand, a formwork block is assembled from two panels connected by column bolts.
- using a crane equipped with two-hook TRIO slings, the unit is brought to a vertical position and installed on a horizontal platform and temporarily fixed to the base with a spacer RSS1.
- the third shield is mounted.
- a block of three panels is transported to the installation site using a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and mounted to the design position, with the RSS1 spacer fastening to the floor slab.
- the fourth shield is mounted and secured by the RSS1 spacer.
- scaffolding consoles are hung, and scaffolding panel boarding is performed.
- the formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position using the RSS1 spacers. The formwork is ready for concreting the elevator shaft.

The internal elevator shafts are marked on the foundation slab.

Reinforcement works are in progress.

The braces RSS1 are installed, the scaffolds TRG-120 are suspended and the boardwalk is made according to the project.

With the help of RSS1 struts, the structure is brought into a vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Sequence of installation of the elevator shaft formwork from elevation +0.000

Support elements (stand-stop) are installed in the upper holes, freed from the straps, to support the next tier of the formwork according to the project.

The device of the flooring in the elevator shaft and in the staircase for the production of installation and reinforcement works is being carried out.

The internal formwork of the elevator shaft (assembled) is mounted using a tower crane on the installed supporting elements (stop-posts) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcement work is being carried out on the tier of the installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External formwork panels are mounted with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with BFD locks, RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors, TRG-120 scaffolding brackets are hung and a boardwalk is made along them according to the project.

The entire structure is brought into a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Overlap

Installation and disassembly of the multiflex floor formwork is carried out in accordance with the technological map.

DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK.

Dismantling the formwork of columns, walls and an elevator shaft should be started when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the overlap is 15 MPa.

The sequence of dismantling the formwork.

- dismantled a block of two internal shields
- the next block of two shields is dismantled

- the inner row of shields is dismantled
- end and corner shields
- outdoor block of shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

- dismantled block of internal formwork
- the outer formwork is dismantled.

Overlap

- intermediate racks are dismantled
- the main racks are lowered by 4 cm
- the cross beams are dismantled
- formwork panels are dismantled
- formwork panels are dismantled
- the main beams are dismantled
- racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations when dismantling the formwork.

- remove the panel board
- remove the scaffolding consoles
- release the column bolts on the block of two shields
- tie up a block of two panels using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the mount
- using a tower crane to lower it to the storage area to prepare for the next concreting.
- to sling the next block of two panels, disconnect the leveling rods and lower it with a tower crane to the storage area.

- remove the panel board
- remove the scaffolding consoles
- tie the inner panel block of three panels with two TRIO hooks
- remove the BFD locks from the block of shields connecting to the next block of shields, disconnect the rods and locks, leveling the rods
- using a crane, release the block of three panels and lower it onto the storage area.
- repeat all operations with the following shield blocks
- to sling the end shield
- release it from strains and constipation and, using a tower crane, lower it to the storage area
- to sling an outdoor block of three panels
- remove the leveling rods, BFD locks fastening to the next block of shields and using a crane to lower them onto the storage area
- repeat these operations with the following blocks of external panels.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

- remove tightening rods, constipation.
- hook the inner formwork block with four sling hooks and use a crane to take the entire block out of the elevator shaft and put it on the storage area for subsequent preparation.
- sling the end block with the unloading element and with the help of a crane take it out of the shaft and lower it onto the storage area
- remove the panel board and scaffold consoles from the next outer wall of the lift
- attach this block with two TRIO hooks
- remove the leveling rods and, using a tower crane, remove the block from the elevator shaft and lower it onto the storage area
- repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the lift.

Overlap

Dismantle the formwork according to the technological map.

Safety precautions.

At the seizure, where installation work is being carried out, it is not allowed to perform other work and the presence of unauthorized persons.