The outer walls are load-bearing or not. Bearing walls in Khrushchev and their demolition

Residential area. In this case, the question arises: how to define a load-bearing wall that cannot be touched? And in order not to be mistaken, we suggest that you consider several ways of how to find out. Also, this article will be of interest to those who plan to carry out repair work, namely to lay communications with a hidden method.

Under load-bearing wall means the structure on which the overlap of the next floor rests. Also, such walls can be replaced by columns or beams that support the entire structure.

If, during the repair process, it is incorrect to determine the load-bearing wall, then if it is violated, cracks may appear in the building, in the worst case, the ceiling may collapse.

There are several ways to determine if a load-bearing wall is in front of you. For example, by location. All external walls are always load-bearing, as well as those that are on the side of the staircase. These can be walls that border your neighbors. In addition, it can be determined by its thickness and what it is made of. If a brick is used, then the supporting structure in this case will be more than 380 mm. As for the reinforced concrete structure, it is 140-200 mm, and in the case of monolithic walls, the load-bearing wall will be equal to 200-300 mm or more. You can also find the supporting structure by the location of the floor slabs. All walls that are perpendicular to the slabs are load-bearing. Although there are houses where there are exceptions to the rule, for example, Czech buildings.

These are guidelines that will help you determine which of the walls are load-bearing and which are not. Now let's take a closer look at where and what walls are in panel house, Khrushchev, brick and in a monolithic house.

Partitions in a panel house are usually 80–100 mm thick. It can be made of gypsum concrete. As for the load-bearing wall, it can be 140, 180, 200 mm thick. If, after measuring the wall, its thickness is less than 120 mm, then it is definitely a partition. But notice the fact that in some panel houses the walls are plastered. Therefore, be sure to take this into account when measuring. Although in most cases the plaster layer does not exceed 50 mm, which means that this will not have a significant effect. But it is best to take as a basis exclusively the thickness of the wall at the measurement site.

The thickness of the walls in brick buildings is formed during masonry. For example, a standard brick is 120 mm wide. If the laying is done in two rows, then there is a seam of about 10 mm between them. Accordingly, the thickness of such a wall will be 250 mm. If the wall is laid out in three rows, then its thickness will be 380 mm and so on.

The simplest method for determining a load-bearing wall is by measuring. Walls 80, 120 or 250 mm are partitions. Accordingly, the wall thickness of 380, 520 mm and more is always load-bearing. Also, be sure to take into account the layer of plaster and other finishing materials when measuring.

In some brick houses there may be wooden floors. Therefore, load-bearing walls may be of lesser importance.

Load-bearing walls in such buildings are a diagram of their three load-bearing ( green color) and transverse ( blue color) walls, on the diagram they look like this:

In this case, the partitions marked in blue are also load-bearing for the flight of stairs.

As you can see in this case, the standards apply. The structural scheme in Khrushchev or Stalin's buildings does not change, although the layout of the apartment may differ.

As for monolithic buildings, the layout in them can be very different. The thickness of the walls here can also be different, it can be 200, 250, 300 mm and more. If the wall you measured is 200 mm thick, then it is most likely a partition. If more than 200 mm, then this is not a guarantee that there is a load-bearing wall in front of you. The very method of determining it is to find project documentation or consult with an engineer from the developer's company. In monolithic houses, foam blocks of different thicknesses are used for partitions, this explains everything.

So, when redeveloping an apartment, questions may arise regarding whether it is possible to remove load-bearing walls. It should be said right away that its complete dismantling is unacceptable, as this can lead to the destruction of the structure. If you make such a redevelopment without permission, then you will have to spend a large amount to restore it, plus there is a risk of getting fines. This rule also applies to the transfer of the load-bearing wall.

If there is no question of complete demolition or transfer of speech, and you want to make an opening, then it is possible to perform such work. However, each case should be considered individually and it is best to contact the design organization. In the event that you want to carry out certain communications by a hidden method in such a wall, then making horizontal or vertical strobes is prohibited, according to the decree of the Moscow Government. However, drilling is possible. Especially when it comes to installing fasteners such as dowels or conduits sewer pipes, ventilation or water pipes through the walls.

As you can see, there are a number of restrictions that apply to load-bearing walls. We hope that from this article, you have received an answer to the question of how to find out the location of load-bearing walls.

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Schemes

Very often we are asked: what is the bearing wall - and indeed it is with this question that any redevelopment in the room begins. But why is it so important? The answer is simple - all walls in the room are divided into two categories, load-bearing walls and partitions. Moreover, if the partitions simply divide the room, then the load-bearing walls bear the load of the slabs. Load-bearing walls or only after drawing up and obtaining permission by certified professionals with SRO approvals for design work. If you make changes to the bearing capacity of the wall, then the whole house can turn out like a card house.

If the redevelopment of the apartment still entails a violation of the integrity of the load-bearing walls, then this should be done only after the development of the redevelopment project by specialists with SRO approval. Walls - partitions, in turn, do not bear any load and can be dismantled at the discretion of the designer without any special permissions.

What is the bearing wall in monolithic houses?

Unlike brick houses external walls in monolithic houses are not always load-bearing, and therefore determining which wall is the most difficult to carry in monolithic houses. Such houses are the most differentiated in terms of structural and architectural solutions; here you can find not only load-bearing walls, but also load-bearing columns, load-bearing beams and pylons, including those built into the walls of the partition. However, as a rule, load-bearing concrete structures in monolithic houses cannot be less than 200 mm in thickness, often this figure reaches 300 and even 350 mm, together with finishing. However, this is not a final indicator, for example, the thickness of walls in houses made of foam blocks can reach 300 mm or more.

The most reliable way to determine which bearing wall is to request a plan of your premises in the archive from the developer or from the management company. Well, in the plan itself, load-bearing walls are always drawn thicker than partitions.

What is the load-bearing wall in panel houses?

In panel houses, as well as in monolithic ones, there is a peculiarity, usually the load-bearing wall is solid from the basement to the roof, however, the panel house consists of boxes - rooms in which all walls play a load-bearing role, with the exception of the outer walls, whose task is to keep heat. However, partitions can also be found here, for example a toilet and a bathroom, as a rule, consist of partitions.

It should be noted here that the thickness of partitions in panel houses is rather small, about 80 - 100 mm. The thickness of the load-bearing walls in panel houses starts from 120 and reaches 200 mm, so if the thickness of the wall that you are measuring is larger, do not hesitate, it is load-bearing. However, do not forget about the wall decoration, in some cases a rather large layer of plaster can be applied to the wall, in some cases up to 60 mm.

Which
wall
carrier
in Khrushchev?

All "Khrushchevs" were built according to the same standard projects in which one important detail can be noted: the scheme represents three longitudinal load-bearing walls and walls transverse to them. The purpose of these walls is to ensure the stability of the entire structure of the house. Although the transverse walls are not load-bearing, they still carry the load and should be careful about them. In other words, in order to determine which wall is bearing in the "Khrushchev", it is best to request information from the BTI or trust professionals to conduct a survey.

simple tricks
define
which wall is load-bearing:

1. The walls that open onto the flights of stairs are always load-bearing.
2. The partition between the bathroom and the toilet is most often not load-bearing. As well as the partition between the bathroom or toilet and the corridor.
3. Bearing walls are always the thickest in an apartment. However, this rule does not apply to aerated concrete walls. Walls made of foam blocks are not load-bearing.
4. Interfloor slabs always rest on load-bearing walls, you just have to raise your head and look at the joints of the slabs as they are laid.
5. Contact the BTI for your area or the management company of your house and request an architectural plan for your house.

Contact us for a survey.

- We have been engaged in redevelopment for over 10 years.
- We will help you to make redevelopment without spending extra money and time

- More than 70% of our orders are clients who have already worked with us and still trust us. See for yourself.

Knowing where the load-bearing walls are located in the apartment, you can understand whether redevelopment with the unification of premises is feasible in it. Failure of load-bearing walls or their sections violates the power scheme of the building, which in the future can lead to a weakening of the bearing capacity of structures.

In addition, if the inspection of the Moscow Housing Inspection reveals such an illegal redevelopment, the owner of the apartment will have to pay a fine and return the apartment to its previous state at his own expense.

Even the device of new doorways in load-bearing walls can only be carried out on the basis of project documentation with a technical opinion from the author of the house.

Therefore, before you start redeveloping an apartment, you should determine which walls in it are load-bearing.

This is especially true in light of the fact that most of the typical housing in Moscow is represented by panel houses. Characteristic feature this type of residential buildings is a constructive scheme with the presence a large number transverse load-bearing walls.

A typical floor plan of a standard panel house (P-3 series). There are practically no curtain walls:

In block houses, a similar scheme is used, however, load-bearing walls are placed less often (floor of a panel-block house of series II-68):

The exception to this rule are panel and block Khrushchevs, as well as monolithic and brick houses, in which a significant part of all transverse walls are non-load-bearing partitions.

The Khrushchev scheme consists of three longitudinal load-bearing walls (two external and one internal), the stability of which is provided by transverse stiffening diaphragms. Slabs floor slabs in this case, they can rely either on longitudinal capital walls, or on beams that lie on these walls. Most of the interior walls in such houses are partitions, which favors redevelopment.

How do you know if it is a load-bearing wall or not?

Determination of load-bearing walls in an apartment is not a difficult task today. If your house belongs to any common series, then for it on the Internet you can find plans for typical floors and sections, on which load-bearing walls are usually highlighted. But the easiest way to find out which wall is load-bearing and which is just a partition is to measure its thickness.

The thickness of partitions in any modern typical houses is always insignificant and amounts to 8-10 cm.

It is quite simple to define the load-bearing wall in a block house - they are 50 cm wide. It is difficult to confuse them.

The standard width of load-bearing walls in a panel house is 14, 16, 18 and 20 cm.

Interestingly, sometimes in some houses there are also 12-cm load-bearing walls. In addition, there are partitions, the thickness of which has increased due to layers of plaster, noise insulation, etc., and they can be confused with carriers. Therefore, the width of the wall is always measured without taking into account the finishing layers.

In such cases, when it is difficult to determine the bearing wall, an engineering survey is carried out by an employee of the design organization. A similar situation can arise in an apartment. typical house, however, most often this happens with old houses, as well as new ones, built according to individual project... Employees of the Moscow Housing Inspectorate may demand to inspect and prepare a technical report for safety net - even for a wall, against which the owner has confidence that it is 100% non-bearing.

You can't just take and measure the load-bearing wall with a tape measure. Measurements are carried out only after cleaning the wall in the required place from the finish.

Employees of APB # 1 are measuring the pylon in their office

At first glance, it is quite difficult to determine the load-bearing wall in the house. If you want to make adjustments to the layout and design of the apartment, the owners wish to demolish several walls.

The main thing is that the wall does not turn out to be load-bearing. Removing intermediate partitions does not so much affect the destruction of the building structure. A load-bearing wall is a support element for the entire structure of a building, which carries the load on the upper floors and distributes it to the lower ones. At the initial stage of redevelopment, it is important to determine which walls can be removed and which need to be preserved.

Before the initial stage of construction, you need to know how to define a load-bearing wall in an apartment? Global redevelopment of multi-storey buildings entails a lot of consequences and difficulties in design, especially if you carry out all the stages yourself. The redevelopment technology is more complex, requires detailed knowledge and limits the implementation of one's own ideas. In panel, monolithic and multi-storey buildings, redevelopment is more difficult, since it is necessary to obtain permission and approve the construction in the BTI authorities.

Correctly determine which load-bearing wall can only professional craftsmen... The builders of the InnovaStroy company, together with the BTI authorities, carry out the redevelopment of apartments and private houses of any complexity. The company's foremen will make calculations, design and develop a detailed plan for future development. Inspection, determination of the possibility of implementing the client's wishes is carried out already at the first visit to the facility. In the event of nuances and the need for urgent paperwork, the developers of the InnovaStroy company are also ready to provide support to the client. It is necessary to determine which wall is the bearing in the apartment at the first stage of registration of the property. Redesigned properties are more difficult to sell. And if the paperwork is delayed, fines and obligations are imposed on the owner.

There are several ways to determine the load-bearing wall in the house:

1. Determine the load-bearing wall according to the structural plan of the house.

If the document is not on hand, it can be found in the authorities:

• City Capital Construction Department;
• Executive committee.

Knowledge of construction drawings will help the owner to deal with load-bearing walls and in the technical passport.

You can determine the load-bearing wall in the house by its features:

• Thickness - the parameter is measured without plaster and internal finishing materials... Craftsmen completely clean the walls before taking measurements or know the exact parameters.

In a house with brick partitions and a base, all walls thicker than 38 cm are considered load-bearing. Builders determine thickness by counting bricks in a row.

How to identify a load-bearing wall in a brick house?

Brick size - 12 cm;

• 250 mm walls: 2 bricks + joint (10 mm);
• 350 mm walls: 3 bricks + 2 seams;
• 510 mm walls: 4 bricks + 3 seams;
• 640 mm walls: 5 bricks + 4 seams;

Interior partitions, built of blocks or bricks, are only 12-18 mm. The walls between adjacent apartments are not much thicker - 25 mm.

In a monolithic structure, it is somewhat more difficult to determine the load-bearing wall in a house, since other values ​​are used during construction.
Walls that are more than 20 cm thick are load-bearing. However, the architectural plan of the project will help to understand more precisely, since the nuances modern construction may include different options deviations from standard sizes.

Owners of city apartments often have the question of how to define a load-bearing wall in a panel house? Only an experienced architectural engineer can answer this question. In a panel-type house, all walls thicker than 12-14 cm are considered load-bearing. Redevelopment in a panel-type apartment is often much more difficult. Partitions are usually up to 10 cm.

2. Location relative to others;

All external walls are always load-bearing. Besides external walls buildings make up its box and border on the front side of the building. The main ones are also the outer walls of the apartment facing the staircase or neighboring dwellings.

3.About the construction of overlapping beams

All load-bearing walls are clearly perpendicular to the main structure of the base plates. The upper slabs are supported on the walls with the shortened side.

What do the openings in the load-bearing walls say?

Once the load-bearing walls have been identified, the owner is solely responsible for damage, deformation or pressure build-up on the elements. The creation of openings and arches in the load-bearing wall entails a lot of negative effects on the building box and negatively affects the entire structure. The appearance of cracks, house shrinkage, destruction of facade elements begins from the impact on the load-bearing wall. Depending on the duration of the building's existence, the impact on the load-bearing wall can be completely destructive. This especially applies to old-style multi-storey buildings: Khrushchev, Stalin, etc.

It is strictly forbidden by the BTI authorities to carry out the complete demolition of the bearing space. If the redevelopment is caused by the need to replace the supporting structure, it is necessary to arrange the space with reliable support columns. The section, dimensions and thickness of the columns are calculated by the masters of the authorized bodies. Columns must support and systematically distribute the weight of all elevated floors.

Typical projects of panel buildings

Before defining a load-bearing wall in a panel house , We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the typical projects of panel buildings, which differ in cipher. First, you need to determine the series of buildings, and then familiarize yourself with the detailed version of the drawing and its features. Layout of apartments and detailed plan load-bearing structures in the drawings it is highlighted with color.

Panel house project code:

• 90-05;
• 90-06;
• 90-07;
• 90-022;
• 90-023;
• 90-031;
• 90-045;

The description of each project code includes the presence of designations for the main load-bearing walls and partitions. How to define a load-bearing wall on a plan? It is necessary to examine in detail the drawing of the apartment and indicate the thickness of the walls. On paper, load-bearing walls are marked with denser, solid lines.

Opening or niche in a load-bearing wall?

After determining the load-bearing wall in the apartment, many ask the question about the formation of an opening or an additional niche in the load-bearing wall. The creation of a built-in opening in many apartments in panel houses is permissible. Compliance with the requirements of the regulatory authorities is strictly mandatory. It is allowed to perform horizontal and vertical grooving on the walls of the supporting structure. Drilling of walls and installation of internal dowels is also allowed. Individual design of a house or apartment must be entrusted to professionals who are fully responsible for the dismantling and formation of the bearing surfaces.

Ideas for the design of openings in a load-bearing wall

It is forbidden to completely dismantle the load-bearing wall. However, when forming openings, there are options for decorative filling of load-bearing structures. One of the stylish proposals of designers is the formation of the aquarium system for part or all of the wall.

Options for placing aquariums between the supporting columns:

• The aquarium in the space between the column and the additional interior partition looks stylish and attractively decorates the apartment.
• Complementing the furniture with an emphasis on the aquarium system harmoniously blends into the design.
• When expanding an apartment due to the space of the balcony and loggia, window systems in the form of aquarium stands are often used. The built-in aquarium looks delightful and captivates the eye with a lively picture.
• Built-in aqua systems in load-bearing wall niches look gorgeous in bedrooms and living rooms.

Knowing all the rules, it is easy to determine which wall is the bearing and it will be easier to plan further decoration with the involvement of craftsmen. turnkey renovation works any level of complexity in apartments, houses and offices. The planning and redevelopment of buildings does not cause difficulties for the masters. In addition, clients are offered innovative designs and improvements to the comfort of living in an apartment. The company's specialists make the client's stay comfortable, and the list renovation works does not cause difficulties.When the question arises, how to determine the load-bearing wall or not, it is necessary to determine the type of structure and know its features.

How to determine the load-bearing wall or not in the Khrushchev?

• It must be remembered that all walls of the building box are load-bearing;
• The walls overlooking the stairwells, marching openings are also the main ones;
• The partition between the balcony, the loggia and the kitchen (room) carries a low supporting load, therefore it can be easily dismantled. However, before carrying out the construction demolition of the wall, it is necessary to make sure that the entire space is well insulated so that the cold stream does not damage other walls of the room.
• You can easily dismantle the interior opening in the bathroom. The thickness of the wall can take 10-12 cm, while it does not have any main purposes.
• Panel houses are most unfavorable to wall demolition.
• Before starting to dismantle any walls, it is important to understand that a supporting structure is required.

To answer the question of how to determine the load-bearing wall in an apartment and how many main walls can be located in the building, we recommend that you contact the professional consultants of the InnovaStroy company. How to determine the load-bearing wall in a brick house? Using the above methods will make it easier. Note that the main indicators of a brick structure are easily replaced by support beams, metal or stone type. When forming decorated aqua systems, there is a possibility of additional pressure on the structure. It is important to realistically assess the fragility of the structure, and, if necessary, carry out additional strengthening of individual walls of the building. Installation must be done with caution. in an independent way... An error in determining the load capacity of the wall renders negative impact on the condition of neighboring apartments and the entire floor. If you are in doubt about how to define a load-bearing wall on a plan, we recommend that you contact InnovaStroy for advice.

Studio apartment we demolish the walls without damage!

In modern designs, they are very popular small apartments open spaces called studios. This layout is convenient for a family of 2-3 people. Many want to redevelop large apartments in the studio, dividing the interior space with furniture. This option requires complete or partial demolition of the walls, leaving only the box of the apartment.

It should be understood that such a redevelopment requires the creation of supporting structures to distribute the bulk of the weight of the upper floors. Many professionals offer clients the application frame technologies and the creation of decorative columns, built-in niches. This option harmoniously delimits the space and does not violate the requirements of the higher authorities of the technical bureaus.

Recall that the older the structure, the more essential the fragility of the main walls. In buildings of the old type, wearing the basic structures is not allowed. Therefore, dismantling is prohibited without additional supports and detailed calculation of the weight of the floors. Masters recommend seeking help from professional architects who will help solve the issue of redevelopment without additional costs and violations of requirements.

Renovation in old-style apartments is always a difficult task that requires the involvement of third parties. We do not recommend that you independently carry out large-scale demolition of walls one-time. Remember that turning to professionals, you preserve not only your own comfort, but also the comfort of your neighbors.

Start at the lowest point of your home. To determine which walls in your house are load-bearing, it is best to start from the place where the main load falls, the father-in-law from the foundation. If your home has a basement, start here. If not, try starting from the first floor, where you can locate the lowest concrete slab '. Pay attention to the walls, the system of beams of which rests directly on the foundation. Any walls that are located directly on the foundation should be considered load-bearing and it is strictly forbidden to demolish them.

View the interior walls of the entire structure. Starting from the basement (or, if you don't have one, from the first floor), determine the location of the interior walls. Trace each interior wall across all floors of your house - in other words, pinpoint where the wall is in relation to the lower floor, then go upstairs to see if the wall goes through the subsequent floors. If there is another wall above this wall, a floor with perpendicular beams, or other heavy structure, then it is probably a load-bearing wall.

Look for steel beams or pile joists. Sometimes builders use special load-bearing structures, such as steel support beams and pile-and-beam structures, in order to transfer some of the building's weight to the outer walls. In these cases, there is a chance (but not a guarantee) that the nearest internal walls will not be load-bearing. Look for signs of large, sturdy wooden or metal structures that cross the ceiling of a room and extend onto a wall known to be structural or external, such as volumetric horizontal protrusions that cross the ceiling.

Look for signs that the house has been remodeled. Many houses, especially old ones, have been changed, expanded and rebuilt several times. If this applies to your home, then the former outer wall may now be the inner wall. If so, then innocent looking inner wall may be the carrier for the original structure. If you have any reason to believe that your home has been seriously altered, the best choice will turn to professionals to be sure that your exterior walls are truly exterior walls.

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We are looking for a carrier in a panel house

The most common residential buildings are panel-type houses.
Depending on the series of houses, the location of the carriers is different. In any case, there are much more of them than partitions. One of the most simple ways definition is thickness measurement. So, remember that basically its value for partitions in panel houses is 80-100 mm, but the load-bearing ones can be 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200. When measuring the thickness, it is worth considering the layer of plaster. It must either be removed at the place where the wall was measured, or it must be subtracted from the result obtained.

In 80% of cases, septa panel houses consist of plasterboard, and their thickness is 80 mm. Thus, everything that is thinner than 120 we attribute to the partitions, but if the measurements are higher than the indicated figure, then the walls are load-bearing. Of course, it may happen that the indicator is equal to 120 mm. Then you should use the services of engineers who have developed the layout of the house. One way or another, even if you yourself determine that this wall can be dismantled, you will need a technical opinion from the engineers. Any redevelopment is allowed only on its basis.

We are looking for a carrier in a brick house

Now let's talk about old brick buildings. The walls of such houses have different thicknesses depending on the number of bricks in the masonry. The length of a standard brick is 120 mm. Seams between brickwork have an indicator of 10 mm. Thus, if it consists of two rows of bricks, then the value will be calculated as follows: 120 + 120 + 10 = 250 mm. According to further calculations, a brick wall can be in size: 380 mm (three rows of 120 and two seams of 10), 510 mm (four rows of 120 and three seams of 10), 640 mm (five rows of 120 and four seams of 10) ...

Now we explain how to recognize the load-bearing wall in a brick house. And everything is extremely simple: again by measuring. The walls in such houses, dividing the apartments, are partitions and are 250 mm thick (double masonry). The usual partitions between rooms are either 80 or 120. The rest of the walls are load-bearing ones - they can be 380, 510, 640 and higher.

By the way, there are old houses with wooden floor... Even wooden partitions can be load-bearing. Initially, they did not fulfill this function, but later they became the support for the floors from above.

We are looking for a carrier in a monolithic house

Monolithic houses are distinguished by a huge variety of layouts. Here you can be sure for sure only that there is a partition in front of you. Therefore, you will need, if possible, to find a project for a house, as well as to consult with an engineer from the developer company without fail.

Although you can again resort to the method of determining the load-bearing walls by measuring the thickness. The magnitude monolithic wall can be 200, 250, 300 and higher. Having measured it, do not rush to make hasty conclusions. So, if its thickness is less than 200 mm, then this by 99% means that you have measured the partition. But if this indicator, for example, is equal to 200 mm, then this does not always confirm the opposite. The fact is that monolithic houses suggest the use of foam blocks, which are a special type of partitions.

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What is a load-bearing wall?

First, find out what the load-bearing wall is and where it is. Load-bearing walls fulfill an important task - they maintain the integrity of the entire structure. Columns and beams are sometimes used as load-bearing elements, but this does not change their purpose. Since all elements of the roof and floor structure are supported on the wall, it is important to know during redevelopment how to determine the load-bearing wall in the house.

If you demolish it, then this can lead to bad consequences, starting with a crack that appears on the house and ending with the complete destruction of the structure. Unlike load-bearing walls, ordinary interior walls hold only their own weight, and also perform a separating function. In order for the repair work to proceed safely and correctly, it is worth contacting specialists for help. Only they know how to determine if a load-bearing wall is or not.

Do not forget about the special permission for redevelopment, which is issued by specialists from the bureau of technical inventory. It will indicate which walls can be destroyed and modified, and which are prohibited.

Methods for defining load-bearing walls

There are several ways to determine if a load-bearing wall is in the house or not. Accurate and easily achievable is the study of the constructive plan of the house. This document is under the management of capital construction. Also, do not forget about the existence of a technical passport. If the landlord knows how to read construction drawings, it will not be difficult for him to determine the load-bearing wall in the house.

Structural walls are often defined by thickness and location. When measuring the thickness of the wall, you must first remove the wallpaper, clean the surface of old plaster. Only then can you start measuring. The parameters of the load-bearing walls are different for all houses, for example:

1. The load-bearing walls in a brick house are thicker than thirty-eight centimeters. The more bricks are laid out, the greater the thickness.
2. In panel houses, the situation is slightly different. Here, all walls exceeding fourteen centimeters are bearing. In such a house, it is difficult and almost impossible to make redevelopment. After all, most of the walls in a panel house are load-bearing.
3. In monolithic houses, the walls are more than twenty centimeters thick. In houses, it is quite difficult to determine the load-bearing wall by thickness. Therefore, it is easier to take a general floor plan from the developer.

All external walls form the basis of the building, being the supporting ones.

Openings

After the bearing walls in the apartment are determined, certain restrictions associated with redevelopment will appear. It is impossible to completely demolish the load-bearing wall. It is better to make an opening or a niche in it - this is a safer option. The number of openings in load-bearing walls is limited.

If it is necessary to make an opening in such a structure, it is better to seek professional help. It is dangerous to carry out such work on your own, moreover, without special permits and papers with redevelopment made, such an apartment will become a burden.

There are situations when partial demolition of the load-bearing wall is required. In this case, you cannot do without an engineer. Even a small window or doorway requires appropriate approvals and licenses.

Only true professionals in their field will be able not only to make an opening in the load-bearing wall, but also to strengthen the strength. This will help to avoid its destruction. A metal or reinforced concrete lintel is used as a wall support.

Bearing walls in a panel house

Most of the panel houses have a standard code of the project by which they were built. Therefore, before proceeding with the redevelopment, you need to know how to determine the load-bearing wall in a panel house.

To find load-bearing walls in a panel house, you can use the base of these structures. It allows you to see the layout of apartments from each series and choose your house by code. Another way is to measure the walls. The thickness of self-supporting walls in a panel house ranges from 80 millimeters to 1 meter, while the thickness of load-bearing walls is from 140 to 200 mm. The higher the number, the more likely it is a load-bearing wall. It is important to remember that its demolition in a panel house will lead to the destruction of the building.

How to find out if the load-bearing wall in a house is made of bricks?

To find out how to determine the load-bearing wall in a brick house, you need to add the thickness of the vertical mortar joint to the size of the brick. That is, the thickness depends on how many bricks are supplied. Brick walls can be 120, 250, 380 mm thick, and so on, plus more finishing layers.

Carriers brick walls have a thickness of three hundred and eighty millimeters and above. If self-supporting structures are made of gypsum concrete panels and bricks, then in this case interior partitions will be 250 mm. Thus, load-bearing walls in brick houses are 380 mm thick. If, during measurements, the thickness is less than 380 mm, then such a wall is an ordinary partition. Finding brick houses by series is more difficult than panel houses, since there are much fewer of them.

Load-bearing walls in Khrushchev

All Khrushchevs were built according to the same type. They have three load-bearing walls and additional transverse ones, which serve as a support for the load-bearing ones and prevent them from overturning. This list also includes the transverse walls of the staircase. They hold not only the supporting structures, but also the flights of stairs, thus, they also become load-bearing ones.

How to identify a load-bearing wall in brick apartment? Can it be dismantled or not? Slabs located between floors are supported by load-bearing or transverse reinforced concrete walls and beams.

If we talk about modern buildings, then studio apartments are very popular. In such rooms, many do without redevelopment, they just share the space with furniture. To from an ordinary apartment to make smart housing, it is necessary to completely or partially dismantle the walls, leaving only the box. However, such global changes will negatively affect the integrity of the building, especially if it is old.

How to find a load-bearing wall in a monolithic house?

Are you wondering how to determine a load-bearing wall or not in a monolithic house? These buildings have a variety of architectural and design features. They combine ordinary load-bearing walls, columns, beams and columns of rectangular cross-section. The thickness of the load-bearing walls is 200-300 mm, and the thickness of the columns in monolithic houses is an order of magnitude higher. All walls with a thickness of less than 200 mm are considered to be partitions.

When it comes to new buildings, the load-bearing structures can be easily identified by simply examining them. They are clearly visible because they are made of reinforced concrete. Also on the bearing walls, holes are visible, sealed with mortar.

What can be done with a load-bearing wall

As you already know, the structure is the basis of the building and holds the main load; it must be handled carefully and carefully. Before determining whether a load-bearing wall or not, it is worth finding out what actions to take in relation to it are prohibited:

1. It cannot be completely demolished, as this will affect the stability of the entire structure.
2. It is forbidden to transfer it to another place.
3. It is forbidden to install wiring in it and carry out communications.

Despite these prohibitions, nevertheless, the load-bearing wall is not untouchable, you can make a doorway in it, arrange an arch or partition between rooms, and drill through.

How to agree on redevelopment

Before redevelopment, it is necessary to obtain permits from the appropriate authorities. Since residents do not always correctly determine the type of wall covering, dismantle the load-bearing wall, these approvals are mandatory. Therefore, the question of how to determine the bearing wall according to the building plan can play a bad joke with the tenants.

Do not neglect the rules, otherwise the construction will become illegal, and the owner will be fined. It follows from this that it is better to spend time with the official authorities and get all the permissions than to suffer from mistakes.

If you decide whether to redevelop the premises or not, you should remember that even a harmless error in calculations when performing this work can provoke serious problems. By doing it, you risk your life and the lives of other household members.

Since it is not always possible to determine the version of the bearing wall, it is better to use the services of a specialist. Nevertheless, deciding to do the work yourself and knowing how to determine where the load-bearing walls are, be extremely careful and vigilant, because you already know what entails possible deviation in calculations or reasoning about the type of wall covering and its nature.

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How to identify a load-bearing wall in a brick house?

Brick size - 12 cm;

• 250 mm walls: 2 bricks + joint (10 mm);
• 350 mm walls: 3 bricks + 2 seams;
• 510 mm walls: 4 bricks + 3 seams;
• 640 mm walls: 5 bricks + 4 seams;

Interior partitions, built of blocks or bricks, are only 12-18 mm. The walls between adjacent apartments are not much thicker - 25 mm.

In a monolithic structure, it is somewhat more difficult to determine the load-bearing wall in a house, since other values ​​are used during construction.
Walls that are more than 20 cm thick are load-bearing. However, the architectural plan of the project will help to understand more precisely, since the nuances of modern construction may include various options for deviating from standard sizes.

Owners of city apartments often have the question of how to define a load-bearing wall in a panel house? Only an experienced architectural engineer can answer this question. In a panel-type house, all walls thicker than 12-14 cm are considered load-bearing. Redevelopment in a panel-type apartment is often much more difficult. Partitions are usually up to 10 cm.

2. Location relative to others;

All external walls are always load-bearing. In addition, the outer walls of the building make up its box and border on the front side of the building. The main ones are also the outer walls of the apartment facing the staircase or neighboring dwellings.

3.About the construction of overlapping beams

All load-bearing walls are clearly perpendicular to the main structure of the base plates. The upper slabs are supported on the walls with the shortened side.

What do the openings in the load-bearing walls say?

Once the load-bearing walls have been identified, the owner is solely responsible for damage, deformation or pressure build-up on the elements. The creation of openings and arches in the load-bearing wall entails a lot of negative effects on the building box and negatively affects the entire structure. The appearance of cracks, house shrinkage, destruction of facade elements begins from the impact on the load-bearing wall. Depending on the duration of the building's existence, the impact on the load-bearing wall can be completely destructive. This especially applies to old-style multi-storey buildings: Khrushchev, Stalin, etc.

It is strictly forbidden by the BTI authorities to carry out the complete demolition of the bearing space. If the redevelopment is caused by the need to replace the supporting structure, it is necessary to arrange the space with reliable support columns. The section, dimensions and thickness of the columns are calculated by the masters of the authorized bodies. Columns must support and systematically distribute the weight of all elevated floors.

Typical projects of panel buildings

Before defining a load-bearing wall in a panel house , We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the typical projects of panel buildings, which differ in cipher. First, you need to determine the series of buildings, and then familiarize yourself with the detailed version of the drawing and its features. The layout of the apartments and the detailed plan of the supporting structures in the drawings are highlighted with color.

Panel house project code:

• 90-05;
• 90-06;
• 90-07;
• 90-022;
• 90-023;
• 90-031;
• 90-045;

The description of each project code includes the presence of designations for the main load-bearing walls and partitions. How to define a load-bearing wall on a plan? It is necessary to examine in detail the drawing of the apartment and indicate the thickness of the walls. On paper, load-bearing walls are marked with denser, solid lines.

Opening or niche in a load-bearing wall?

After determining the load-bearing wall in the apartment, many ask the question about the formation of an opening or an additional niche in the load-bearing wall. The creation of a built-in opening in many apartments in panel houses is permissible. Compliance with the requirements of the regulatory authorities is strictly mandatory. It is allowed to perform horizontal and vertical grooving on the walls of the supporting structure. Drilling of walls and installation of internal dowels is also allowed. The individual design of a house or apartment must be entrusted to professionals who are fully responsible for the dismantling and formation of the bearing surfaces.

Ideas for the design of openings in a load-bearing wall

It is forbidden to completely dismantle the load-bearing wall. However, when forming openings, there are options for decorative filling of load-bearing structures. One of the stylish proposals of designers is the formation of the aquarium system for part or all of the wall.

Options for placing aquariums between the supporting columns:

• The aquarium in the space between the column and the additional interior partition looks stylish and attractively decorates the apartment.
• Complementing the furniture with an emphasis on the aquarium system harmoniously blends into the design.
• When expanding an apartment due to the space of the balcony and loggia, window systems in the form of aquarium stands are often used. The built-in aquarium looks delightful and captivates the eye with a lively picture.
• Built-in aqua systems in load-bearing wall niches look gorgeous in bedrooms and living rooms.

Knowing all the rules, it is easy to determine which wall is the bearing and it will be easier to plan further decoration with the involvement of craftsmen. The InnovaStroy company carries out turnkey repair work of any level of complexity in apartments, houses and offices. The planning and redevelopment of buildings does not cause difficulties for the masters. In addition, clients are offered innovative designs and improvements to the comfort of living in an apartment. The company's specialists make the client's stay comfortable, and the list of repair work does not cause difficulties. When a question arises, how to determine a load-bearing wall or not, it is necessary to determine the type of structure and know its features.

How to determine the load-bearing wall or not in the Khrushchev?

• It must be remembered that all walls of the building box are load-bearing;
• The walls overlooking the stairwells, marching openings are also the main ones;
• The partition between the balcony, the loggia and the kitchen (room) carries a low supporting load, therefore it can be easily dismantled. However, before carrying out the construction demolition of the wall, it is necessary to make sure that the entire space is well insulated so that the cold stream does not damage other walls of the room.
• You can easily dismantle the interior opening in the bathroom. The thickness of the wall can take 10-12 cm, while it does not have any main purposes.
• Panel houses are most unfavorable to wall demolition.
• Before starting to dismantle any walls, it is important to understand that a supporting structure is required.

To answer the question of how to determine the load-bearing wall in an apartment and how many main walls can be located in the building, we recommend that you contact the professional consultants of the InnovaStroy company. How to determine the load-bearing wall in a brick house? Using the above methods will make it easier. Note that the main indicators of a brick structure are easily replaced by support beams, metal or stone type. When forming decorated aqua systems, there is a possibility of additional pressure on the structure. It is important to realistically assess the fragility of the structure, and, if necessary, carry out additional strengthening of individual walls of the building. Care must be taken to carry out the installation in an independent way. An error in determining the load capacity of a wall has a negative impact on the condition of neighboring apartments and the entire floor. If you are in doubt about how to define a load-bearing wall on a plan, we recommend that you contact InnovaStroy for advice.

Studio apartment we demolish the walls without damage!

In modern design, small open-space apartments called studios are very popular. This layout is convenient for a family of 2-3 people. Many people want to redevelop large apartments in the studio, dividing the interior space with furniture. This option requires complete or partial demolition of the walls, leaving only the box of the apartment.

It should be understood that such a redevelopment requires the creation of supporting structures to distribute the bulk of the weight of the upper floors. Many professionals offer clients the use of frame technologies and the creation of decorative columns, built-in niches. This option harmoniously delimits the space and does not violate the requirements of the higher authorities of the technical bureaus.

Recall that the older the structure, the more essential the fragility of the main walls. In buildings of the old type, wearing the basic structures is not allowed. Therefore, dismantling is prohibited without additional supports and detailed calculation of the weight of the floors. Masters recommend seeking help from professional architects who will help solve the issue of redevelopment without additional costs and violations of requirements.

Renovation in old-style apartments is always a difficult task that requires the involvement of third parties. We do not recommend that you independently carry out large-scale demolition of walls one-time. Remember that turning to professionals, you preserve not only your own comfort, but also the comfort of your neighbors.

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How to know if the wall is load-bearing

The easiest way is to look at the project at home. All walls are clearly marked there. The plan should be kept in the city administration, in the capital construction department.

In addition, you can also use the apartment plan, which is located in those. passport or house book. However, for this you need to be able to read the blueprints or have experience in construction.

Video: Olga Rozina: how to define a wall

If the plan cannot be found for some reason, then the purpose can be understood by some characteristic features... So, for example, if there is a neighbor's apartment behind the wall, the entrance or the street are load-bearing.

Another way to find out is by thickness. If you live in a brick house and the thickness of the partition is 38 cm, then it is load-bearing. In the panel, the thickness of the load-bearing walls is 14 cm or more.

In a brick house

In brick houses, the thickness of the outer ones starts from 38 cm, between the apartments from 25 cm, the interior thickness - 8 - 12 cm. The main material for the construction of such houses is silicate and red bricks.

Plaster boards can be used for partitions. Having measured the wall, for example, in the area of ​​the doorway, you can understand whether it is capital or a partition.

However, this method is not suitable for all homes. So, for example, in the 90s, houses were built according to individual projects, so if there is no plan, then only the author of the project can determine.

In the panel

Since the panel house consists almost entirely of carriers, it will be very difficult to implement the planned redevelopment. Load-bearing walls include inter-apartment, external and adjacent to external ones. In addition, the walls of the bathrooms can also be carriers.

Interior partitions are 8 - 10 mm thick. There are partitions and 12 cm each, but this is a rare exception. To determine the purpose of the walls in this case, it is better to contact specialists who will draw a conclusion only after studying design features buildings and decide whether redevelopment can be done.

In monolithic houses

A monolithic house is a building whose foundation smoothly merges into the wall. In such buildings, any wall with a thickness of more than 20 cm is load-bearing. Such structures are usually made according to an individual project; it will not be possible to determine with the help of its size.

It so happens that an ordinary interior partition in monolithic buildings is more than 20 cm thick. There are monolithic houses in which load-bearing walls are completely absent. They are replaced by reinforced concrete columns.

And in this case, one cannot do without a drawing and a plan. If they are absent, you will have to contact specialized companies.

Works carried out on load-bearing walls

When carrying out work on solid walls, remember that electrical wiring can be hidden in the wall, if damaged, you can get injured. Older houses may have gas pipes in the wall.

You need to work as carefully as possible and with extreme caution, if possible, adhere to the project documentation. Remember that they cannot be completely demolished, as the floors will remain unsupported.

If partial removal is required, then supports must be installed in the opening, which can then be hidden under the finish.

Watch the video: What walls can be demolished in the socket

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Recognizing load-bearing walls

Regardless of which house your dwelling is in - a panel Khrushchev building or a brick nine-story building - it will definitely have load-bearing walls, and just interior partitions. The second ones can really be removed without any consequences, in violation of the integrity of the first ones, it will entail serious troubles that threaten not only your apartment, but even the whole house. But sometimes the conceived project requires that the through opening be made in one specific place, or maybe the wall does interfere?

In any case, you should not resort to dismantling without reading the floor plan. If one is not at hand, contact the bureau of technical inventory or try to determine the load-bearing walls yourself.

In panel houses

Not finding technical documentation for an apartment, load-bearing walls in a panel house are easy to determine by their thickness: the fact is that the main walls supporting the floor panels are always slightly thicker. So, the minimum thickness of the load-bearing wall in a standard panel house is 12 cm, excluding the layer of plaster and finishing materials, and additional partitions are 2 cm thinner.

Usually, the inner walls do not affect the stability of the entire house, but serve only as dividing the single space of the apartment into rooms. It is allowed to start alteration and demolition work only after all walls have been carefully measured and key structures have been identified.

And one more thing: nine-story panel houses in most cases, they consist of main walls - such a structure is very reminiscent of a classic house of cards. When planning the renovation of an apartment in such a house, it is better to familiarize yourself with the detailed plan before starting work.

In Khrushchev

There are several ways to understand which walls in Khrushchev are supporting:

• first, the most correct one is to study the technical documentation;
• the second method suggests paying attention to the purpose of the wall - if you have a Khrushchev house, then here the load-bearing walls usually divide the floor into separate apartments, and the secondary ones already divide each of them into rooms;
• the same applies to the areas separating the premises from the flight of stairs or common corridors - they are always the main ones;
• but the wall between the room and the balcony, unlike brick houses, on the contrary, does not carry an important load, but it retains heat;
• in a divided bathroom, you can safely demolish the partition - this will not affect the integrity or stability of the building in any way.

There is also a way to determine which walls are supporting - this is drilling: the thickness of the main partitions is such that one drill is not enough for a through hole.

Which ones can be demolished

Removing the interfering wall in a Khrushchev is somewhat easier than in a house made of panels. The only partitions that can be safely dismantled in the panel are the wall separating the bathroom and the partition between the room and the kitchen. In Khrushchev's houses, remove (completely or in parts) those of them that do not have an important function.

In no case should you remove the main walls that hold the concrete floors. Dismantling them will certainly weaken the ceiling, and the load on the foundation will significantly decrease. The only acceptable option is partial dismantling with mandatory reinforcement of the opening. And the last thing: all work related to changing the layout of the premises requires special permits from the relevant authorities. Received the document - get to work!

You should not neglect the mandatory stages of work - measuring the thickness of the partitions, studying the apartment plan. And the best thing is not to be lazy and visit the BTI, and understand for sure which object you are dealing with. Only in this case, the premises after the renovation will not only improve, having received an updated look, but will also remain safe for residents.

Successful projects and safe repairs!