Social science test human impact on nature. Test of the peculiarities of the interaction of nature and man

What were the main occupations of primitive man?
What is a producing farm?
What has changed in people's lives in connection with its appearance?

The writer Valentin Rasputin believes that the loudest word, even louder than war and the elements, was the word ecology. “Surprisingly,” he says, “it sounds the same in all languages of the world.

And it expresses the same thing - the understanding of a universal misfortune that has never existed on such a scale and severity ... ”How do you understand the words of the writer? What kind of universal misfortune is he talking about? Tell us what you know about the ecological crisis on the planet.

"Second nature"

As scientists testify, Homo sapiens appeared on Earth much later than other living beings - fish, insects, birds, mammals. He began to influence the life of many animals and plants. And this influence can be both positive and negative.

It is unlikely that hunting and gathering - the main occupations of primitive man - were ecologically harmful. In addition, in ancient times there were very few people on Earth. However, over time, man's relationship with nature began to change.

Recalling the history of the development of human economic activity, one should say about the opening of fire, the emergence of agriculture, cattle breeding, the transition to a sedentary lifestyle, etc. - in short, the development of a productive economy. Man is capable of creativity, thanks to which he creates something new, "second nature": cars, cities, factories, power plants, as well as scientific works, works of art. But, perhaps, the most important thing in the history of human economic activity is that he began to actively invade the life of nature, without thinking about the consequences of his intervention.

How do you understand the expression "second nature"?

An invaluable gift or an inexhaustible pantry?

Ecology is the science of human interaction with nature. Its name comes from the Greek word "oikos", which means "home", "dwelling", "place of residence". After all, nature is the house in which we live, the place where all of us, people, stay. Therefore, we must protect our natural home, respect everyone who lives in it.

The man, carried away by hectic economic activity, did not notice how he began to destroy and destroy nature. Great scientific and technical discoveries turned his head. He decided that he conquered nature, became her king and ruler. With the greed of a conqueror, man pounced on natural resources, which seemed to him inexhaustible: he began to cut down forests, extract minerals from the bowels of the earth, consume fresh water, etc.

In addition, the growth of industry is accompanied by regular man-made (technology-generated) accidents - explosions of nuclear facilities, pipeline breaks, release of radioactive materials, gas, oil, poisonous substances, etc. The whole world was shocked by the tragedies of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986), the Japanese nuclear power plant " Fukushima-1 "(2011), the terrible oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico (2010), and others.

And what has man created with the animal world! For example, have you ever seen a sea cow? Have not seen. And you will never see. But it was a wonderful animal that lived in the North Pacific Ocean. It had a length of 10 m and a weight of 4 tons, was distinguished by a harmless and trusting character. Man exterminated him for meat, fat and skin. The same sad fate for the quagga zebra, blue horse antelope and hundreds of other species of animals and birds. This is how the "black book" appeared - it lists animals that we will never see again.

A person should remember the great ecological rule: one cannot demand more from nature than it is capable of giving.

In order not to cause trouble, you need to study the laws of nature. For example, it should be borne in mind that all natural resources (resources) are divided into two groups - exhaustible, that is, those that in the future can be "exhausted" to the end, and inexhaustible. Exhaustible resources include mineral wealth - coal, metal ores, oil, gas, as well as soil, flora and fauna. Inexhaustible riches include water (especially the water of the World Ocean), climatic resources (air and wind energy), space resources (solar radiation, energy of sea tides).

Air pollution

We say: dirty hands, dirty yard, dirty city. Is it possible to say: dirty air, dirty water, dirty forest, dirty land? Unfortunately, you can. More precisely, like this: polluted air, polluted forests, polluted water and soil. In our time, pollution of the biosphere has become a terrible environmental disaster.

Let's start with the air. Scientists point to two causes of air pollution. There is natural pollution, such as volcanic eruptions, which throw thousands of tons of various substances onto the Earth's surface. However, the worst pollution is created by human activities associated primarily with fuel combustion.

A person prepares food, heats his home, so he is forced to burn fuel. And he has been doing this for thousands of years. First, ordinary bonfires burned, and then unusual, figuratively speaking, "scientific and technical" ones appeared - furnaces of steam locomotives, steamers, metallurgical plants, power plants. And then add to this millions of internal combustion engines, jet engines and, finally, nuclear reactors. Why are they all dangerous?

First, any fire needs to be "fed" - toss up fuel. This means that you need to extract it in huge quantities. In addition, for a fire to burn, oxygen is required, which is necessary for all living organisms, and "scientific and technical fires" burn more and more atmospheric oxygen.

You probably enjoy driving. Did you know that this cozy mobile home is one of the worst oxygen eaters? For just one trip, for example, from Moscow to St. Petersburg and back, a car able to absorb as much of it as you need for a whole day. But there are millions of cars on Earth. So calculate how much oxygen they take from living beings. At the same time, keep in mind that the amount of oxygen entering the atmosphere is constantly decreasing due to deforestation, pollution of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans - the main producers of oxygen. According to scientists, in the next century, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere will be reduced by one third. How then to breathe?

Secondly, any fire smokes. Take a closer look at the modern landscape: pipes, pipes, pipes. Heating systems, factories, power plants, all types of transport emit toxic substances, gases, dust, soot, ash into the atmosphere. For example, the exhaust fumes from a car contain tiny lead particles. If you invented a device that could capture these particles, then in a year you would gain a kilogram of a rare and expensive metal! Think how much lead all cars emit into the atmosphere. But lead, when it enters the body during breathing together with air, becomes the most dangerous poison that causes serious illness.

As a result of industrial air pollution, a poisonous fog - smog - often hangs over the big cities of the world. He's very dangerous. There have been cases when, due to prolonged smog, the death rate of people sharply increased.

Why is atmospheric pollution dangerous? What are the main causes of air pollution?

Water and soil contamination

There is a saying “Trouble doesn’t come alone”. The air suffers, which means that both the water and the earth - the entire biosphere - suffer. Particles of toxic substances released into the atmosphere are deposited on the ground and water. And then there are acid rains. Imagine: smog hangs in the air, and rain poured down on it from above. Raindrops combine with particles of toxic substances hanging in the atmosphere to form acid (sulfuric, nitric). Do you think it is pleasant when such a "refreshing" shower is poured on your head? And what happens when all this falls on the soil, trees, water? They get dirty, get sick, collapse, die.

But it is not only atmospheric pollution that falls on land and water. There is also a huge amount of industrial waste, especially chemical waste. They are dumped into huge heaps, buried in the ground, thrown into bodies of water, rivers, seas, oceans. But this is a terrible poison.

And there is also household waste from cities and towns - mountains of garbage, sewerage... Where does it all go? And how does nature feel?

Science gives sad answers to these questions. She says: there is a lot of water on Earth, but there is almost no pure fresh water. The pollution has caused a worldwide degradation of water quality. Some states already bring water from other countries or pipe it like oil. So decide whether the inexhaustible resources are exhaustible.

And how does the soil feel - one of the great wonders of the Earth? Scientists suggest that there is no such fertile layer anywhere else in the entire Universe. Even on Earth, soil is not everywhere (it is absent in deserts, in the mountains). Our entire life depends on this thinnest layer (about 20 cm thick on average), because the soil provides us with food. The soil is formed very slowly: it takes hundreds and even thousands of years. And you can destroy it very quickly. Under the influence of human activity, the soil becomes polluted, suffocates from garbage, and is poisoned by pesticides. Its area on Earth is constantly shrinking; over the past 100 years, almost a fourth of all fertile soils have been destroyed on Earth. Discarded paper will rot only after 2 years, and a tin can or plastic bag - after 50-60 years.

As you can see, modern man actively influences the entire biosphere. And what comes of it, you also see. So, now you understand why the words of the writer V. Rasputin sound so alarming, and you know where the trouble came from and why it became universal.

Check yourself

What does the great environmental rule teach us? Why shouldn't it be violated?
What are the main causes of water and soil pollution? What is the danger of such pollution?
Can it be argued that the wealth of nature is inexhaustible? How does science answer this question?
Explain how people feel about exhaustible resources.
What happens to the inexhaustible riches of the Earth?

In the classroom and at home

Prepare a short report on the ecological state of your home, yard, street. Identify the main sources of their pollution.
Visit the local history museum. Find materials and prepare a report on some extinct species of animals and birds. Draw pictures of two or three species of extinct animals and birds.
Prepare a message about those species of animals and birds of your region, which are threatened with extinction. Tell me how you can save them.
Learn to clean up after yourself, never litter anywhere. Get used to it yourself and explain to others why you can't pollute the environment.
One humorous song is sung: "Because without water and neither tuda nor syuda." There is some truth in every joke. What can happen if there is no pure water left on Earth?

1 - option.

Part I .

A1. What is the name of the earthly shell, engulfed in life:

1) lithosphere 2) noosphere

3) biosphere 4) atmosphere

A2. Which of the following can improve the environmental situation:

1) construction of new cities 2) creation of reserves

3) construction of hydroelectric power station 4) development of the Far North

A3. What concerns natural pollution:

1) burning fuel 2) deforestation

3) volcanic eruptions 4) sewage

A4. In what year was the law of the Russian Federation "On the protection of environment»:

1) 1993 2) 1999 3) 2001 4) 2009

A5. Are the following judgments about the environmental problem correct?

A. An environmental problem is a problem of a single state.

B. The ecological problem is a global problem, its solution is possible only by the joint efforts of all countries of the world.

A6. The science of human interaction with nature:

1) botany 2) biology 3) zoology 4) ecology

A7. A person who hunts fish where it is forbidden.

1) poacher 2) hunter 3) fisher 4) peasant

A8.

A. The transition from an appropriating economy to a producing one has increased the influence of man on nature.

B. Man began to actively invade the life of nature, not always thinking about the consequences of his intervention

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are not correct

A9. Great Russian scientist, academician, founder of many earth sciences:

A10. The territory where unique natural objects are protected:

1) national park 2) nature reserve

3) biosphere reserve 4) park of culture and recreation

Part II .

IN 1. In the list of contaminants, select those that appeared as a result of human activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated:

Part III .

Read the text of the writer M. Prishvin and complete tasks C1 - C4.

For an aesthetically developed and morally educated person, it is important not only to be able to see,

to feel the beauty of a flower, branch, animal, but also to preserve this beauty. To see and not be tempted to pick a beautiful forest flower can be completely

a person who is unlike each other: an indifferent to beauty, aesthetically undeveloped person and, on the contrary, a subtle nature, open to all beauty in nature. The first one will not touch

because he will not notice, he will not appreciate, the second because he will notice too much, he will appreciate too much and spare. To pick a flower (and at the same time all others at the edge) can just be the one who, in his own way

spiritual development is, as it were, in the middle between these two types of people. This "intermediate" subject is no longer so undeveloped as to blindly pass by beauty, but also not so educated as to leave beauty untouched for its own sake and all others

travelers.
Consumers of beauty do not endure impressions, thoughts,
feelings, discoveries, and material evidence of their being in the bosom of nature.

Genuine culture presupposes a different way of possessing beauty: it is stored in the soul, becomes the spiritual value of the human person, and does not break down, does not take away with itself, does not

fits in a backpack, in a trunk, in a handful or in an armful.
The beauty of the world belongs to all people. Capture beauty in the soul, remember it,
to wear in the heart is the highest manifestation of human culture.
However, the aesthetic attitude towards nature should not be passive. Going to

nature, one must be not only consumers of its beauty and gifts, but also active

assistants in preserving and multiplying this beauty. If you saw a fontanelle, strengthen the erosion that has begun, notice a wound on a birch tree - heal it. Hang bird feeders in winter, think about feeding animals.

C1.

C2 ... What types of people are described in the text?

C4. Based on the text and knowledge of the social science course, give examples of consumer and cultural attitudes towards nature.

Examination on the topic: "Man and Nature".

Option 2.

Part I .

When completing the tasks in this part, choose one correct answer.

A1. What is the name of the hard shell of the Earth:

1) lithosphere 2) noosphere

3) biosphere 4) atmosphere

A2. Urban air polluted by industrial waste is:

1) smoke 2) smog 3) fog 4) resource

A3. Relations in the field of interaction between society and nature arising from the implementation of economic and other activities related to the impact on natural environment as the most important component of the environment, which is the basis of life on Earth, are regulated by:

1) the law of the Russian Federation "On environmental protection"

2) documents of the foundation Wildlife

4) by decisions of the prosecutor's office

A4. Exhaustible natural resources include:

1) water 2) air 3) gas 4) solar radiation

A5. Are the following judgments about the interaction of man and nature true?

A. The influence of man on nature can only be positive.

B. The most important duty of a citizen is to preserve nature and the environment, and takes good care of natural resources.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are not correct

A6. Natural resources used by humans:

1) economy 2) nature 3) resources 4) products

A7 ... Certain human activities aimed at preserving, wise use, and reproduction of natural resources.

1) cattle breeding 2) agriculture

3) gathering 4) nature conservation

A8. Are the following judgments about the interaction of man and nature true?

A. Hunting and Gathering - Early Activities ancient man- were environmentally harmful.

B. Scientists identify two causes of air pollution: natural pollution and pollution created by human activities.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true

3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are not correct

A9. Professor of St. Petersburg University, naturalist, dealt with the problem of the deterioration of Russian chernozems:

1) N.A. Nekrasov 2) A. Schweitzer 3) V.I. Dokuchaev 4) V.I. Vernadsky

A10. Reserves in which Scientific research according to a single international program:

1) territorial reserve 2) national reserve

3) biosphere reserve 4) natural reserve

Part II .

When performing tasks with a short answer B1, write down the answer as indicated in the text of the task.

IN 1. In the list of contaminants, select those that appeared as a result of natural phenomena and write down the numbers under which they are indicated:

1) volcanic ash cloud

2) industrial waste dump

3) smog in the center of the settlement

4) a fragment of a meteorite that fell to the ground

5) oil slick in the Mediterranean

Part III .

For answers to the tasks of this part, write down the task number first, and then the answers to it.

Read a fragment of the article by the Russian scientist D.S. Likhachev

and complete tasks C1 - C4.

Nature is usually viewed as an object of human economic activity, but in reality, it largely forms the spiritual sphere of man. Man, as a biological object, cannot exist outside of nature.

The relationship between nature and man is a relationship between two cultures, each of which is “social” in its own way, co-operative, has its own “rules of behavior”. And their meeting is based on a kind of moral foundation.

Both cultures are the fruit of historical development, and the development of human culture has been under the influence of nature for a long time (since humanity has existed), and the development of nature with its multi-million-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture. One (culture of nature) can exist without the other (human), and the other (human) cannot. But all the same, for many past centuries, there was a balance between nature and man. It would seem that it had to leave both parts equal, to pass somewhere in the middle. But no, balance is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more "nature", and the further south and closer to the steppe, the more "man".

C1. Make an outline of the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and heading each of them.

C2 ... Find in the text and write down the similarities between the natural world and the human world.

C3. Give three examples of the influence of nature on human lifestyle and culture.

C4. Explain why human nature cannot exist in isolation from nature.

Test

Test on the topic "Man and Nature"

1. Correlate:

2. Correlate:

Examples:

Metal-bearing ores;
Oil;
Coal;
The soil;
Natural flora and fauna.

4. Choose from the proposed those types of contamination that appeared due to the fault of a person:

volcanic ash cloud;
landfill for industrial waste;
smog in the center settlement;
a fragment of a meteorite that fell to the ground;
oil slick in the Mediterranean Sea.

5. Correlate:

Types of pollution
Anthropogenic	Natural

Examples:

Accumulation of volcanic hydrogen sulfide gases;
Sewerage discharge into the river;
Reproduction of a special kind of toxic bacteria in the ocean;
Dust and sand storms;
Emissions to the atmosphere from heating residential premises with wood and coal;
Air emissions from fuel combustion of vehicles.

6. Correlate:

Examples:

The explosion of a reactor at a nuclear power plant, accompanied by radiation emissions;
Organization of a landfill for household waste in a country forest;
Earthquake;
Oil spill as a result of a tanker wreck;
Excessive use of fertilizers;
Avalanche;
Flood;
Discharge of industrial waste into a reservoir.

7. Fill in the blanks in the table by entering the options below:

Examples of violations:

Excess acceptable level dioxide in the air;
Volcanologists did not warn local residents about a possible volcanic eruption;
Residents of areas affected by the spring floods have not received compensation;
The metallurgical plant did not provide citizens with data on emissions and discharges at the enterprise;
Lack and poor quality of drinking water;
Waste contamination of soil industrial production;
Seismic services did not timely report the impending earthquake;
A citizen injured by the earthquake applied to the court for compensation, but was refused;
The services did not inform the population about the release of radioactive substances at the enterprise;
Exceeding the permissible radiation standards.

8. Correlate:

9. Rational use of natural resources means:

activities aimed at meeting the needs of humanity;
activities aimed at scientifically based use, reproduction and protection of natural resources;
mining and processing of minerals;
activities that ensure the industrial and economic activities of a person.

10. Global environmental problems are caused primarily by:

geological processes;
cosmic factors;
high rates of progress;
climate change.

11. Anthropogenic environmental factors include

application of organic fertilizers to the soil
decrease in illumination in water bodies with increasing depth
precipitation
cessation of volcanic activity
thinning pine seedlings
shallowing of rivers as a result of deforestation.

12. Which example illustrates the impact of society on the conservation of nature?

creation of free trade zones
development of environmental social movement
registration of a dog breeder club
opening of new halls of landscape painting at the National Museum.

13. An example of the direct influence of nature on society is

deforestation for the construction of residential buildings
soil restoration after the elimination of the landfill
destruction of a coastal recreation area by a powerful typhoon
organization of a nature reserve.

14. Environmental issues include

preventing the spread of AIDS
revival of cultural property
global warming trend
stabilization of the demographic situation.

15. Human drainage of wetlands is an example of interaction

societies and individuals
citizen and state
society and nature
production and consumption.

16. Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature true?

A. Nature is an inexhaustible source of all kinds of resources for humanity

B. The economic activity of the company can have a negative impact on the natural environment

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong.

17. An example of the negative impact of society on the natural environment is

organization of the reserve
combating soil salinization
soil pollution by industrial waste
planting trees and shrubs.

18. An example of the influence of society on nature is

invention of a lightning rod
construction of the pyramids in Ancient egypt
pollution of the waters of the oceans
discovery of the law of universal gravitation

19. Environmental issues include

the spread of drug addiction
loss of moral values

20. Are the following judgments about global problems true?

A. Global problems threaten the existence of humanity

B. To overcome global problems, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all countries of the world

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

21. Correlate:

Examples:

Deforestation;
Creation of reserves;
Creation of the Red Book;
Drainage of swamps;
Combating poaching;
Destruction of animal species;
Waste discharges into water bodies.

22. From the listed global issues, select those that are environmental:

Depletion of natural resources;
the problem of oncological diseases;
The disappearance of species of animals and plants;
Environmental pollution;
conflicts on ethnic and religious grounds;
preventing thermonuclear war and ensuring peace;
terrorism;
AIDS;
Global warming;
Ozone holes.

23. Fill in the blank:

Red Book
An annotated list of rare and endangered animals, plants and fungi.	List of extinct species

24. Find in the list below what is related to natural resources and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Power plants.
Rivers and lakes.
The woods.
Plants and factories.
The soil.

25. Ecology studies the impact of human activities:

on the development of world religions
to improve the household, everyday life of people and ancient times
on the surrounding nature, the relationship between nature and society
on the cultural environment.

26. Correlate:

27. Pollution of water and air caused by the failure of treatment facilities at a chemical plant in the city N, serves as an example of the relationship ...

civilization and culture;
society and nature;
morality and law;
science and technology.

28. What example illustrates the influence of nature on human activities?

flooding of city streets during a flood;
air pollution by exhaust gases;
breeding swans in the city pond;
administrative restrictions on catching certain types of fish.

29. What example illustrates the positive impact of society on nature?

pollution of the sea with oil products;
destruction of the village during a volcanic eruption;
restriction of hunting for some species of birds;
deforestation for road construction.

30. Which of the following examples illustrates the influence of nature on the development of society:

In country H, one of the compulsory subjects at school is ecology;
In region H, there was a conflict between officials and environmentalists;
The regions of country P have agricultural specialization;
Country X has adopted the Law on Environmental Protection.

31. Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature true:

A. By its influence on nature, society always damages it;

B. Destruction of the natural environment leads to a deterioration in human health.

Only A is true
Only B is true
Correct A and B
Both options are not correct.

32. Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature true:

A. The consumer attitude of society to nature has led to an ecological crisis;

B. Nature influences human economic activity.

Only A is true
Only B is true
Correct A and B
Both options are not correct.

33. According to experts, in some areas of the Earth 80% of all diseases are caused by poor quality water, which people are forced to consume. This is primarily the problem

decrease in labor productivity
disappearance of rare plant species
environmental pollution
global warming.

34. Are the following judgments about society and nature true?

A. In the process of influencing nature, man transforms it.

B. Society uses nature as the most important source of economic resources.

Only A is true
Only B is true
Correct A and B
Both options are not correct.

35. Which example illustrates the influence of society on nature?

discovery of a previously unknown ancient chronicle
debate of presidential candidates
disposal of radioactive waste
creation of a song about the capital of the state.

36. Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature true?

A. Modern society has felt the danger of global changes in nature.

B. Scientific and technological progress has led to irreversible environmental changes.

Only A is true
Only B is true
Correct A and B
Both options are not correct.

37. Which of the following illustrates the activities of society to reduce the acuteness of global environmental problems?

closure of unprofitable enterprises
introduction of a proportional scale of taxation
new generation installation treatment facilities at power plants
development of the telecommunications sector, the mobile telephony market.

38. In 2004 and 2014. the scientists interviewed the adult citizens of country Z. They were asked the question: “One of the environmentally sound ways of recycling waste involves sorting household waste. If you could throw each type of waste into a separate container, would you sort your waste? "

The results of the polls (in% of the number of respondents) are shown in the table:

1. Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the table, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The share of those who are already sorting garbage has increased in 10 years.

2) The share of those who would definitely start sorting garbage has decreased in 10 years.

3) The share of those who believe that they would rather start sorting waste remained unchanged in 2014 compared to 2004.

4) Equal shares of respondents in 2014 believe that they would rather not and certainly would not sort waste.

5) The share of those who certainly would not have started sorting garbage has increased in 10 years.

2. The results of the survey, reflected in the table, were published and commented on in the media. Which of the following conclusions directly follow from the information obtained during the survey?

Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) In country Z, some citizens have special waste sorting bins.

2) Citizens of country Z have little information about environmentally sound waste management.

3) Over the past 10 years, the citizens of country Z have become more conscious of the issue of waste recycling.

4) There are always those who do not associate their behavior with the environmental needs of modern society.

5) Citizens of country Z do not understand the need to preserve the natural environment.

39. Environmental issues include

the spread of drug addiction
gradual depletion of natural resources
preventing the threat of a new world war
loss of moral values.

40. Are the following judgments about the mutual influence of society and nature true?

A. The availability of diverse natural resources can accelerate the development of a society.

B. Natural disasters can threaten the existence of society.

Only A is true
Only B is true
Correct A and B
Both options are not correct.

41. Which example illustrates the influence of society on nature?

restriction of hunting in the forests near Moscow
ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
hurricane relief
the emergence of ethnicity in fashion.

42. Which example illustrates the influence of society on nature?

increase in cereal prices in a dry year
international conference on global warming
deforestation for construction railroad
meteorological observations for weather forecasting.

Tests and tasks for the lesson: "Human impact on nature"

Test 1.

A1. Ecology is

I) with irrational use of natural resources

3) with an environmental crisis

4) the opening of new halls of landscape painting in the National Museum

A4. An example of the direct influence of nature on society is

1) deforestation for the construction of residential buildings

2) soil restoration after the elimination of the landfill

3) destruction of the coastal recreation area by a powerful typhoon

A5. Environmental issues include

1) preventing the spread of AIDS

2) the revival of cultural property

3) global warming trend

4) stabilization of the demographic situation

A6. Human drainage of wetlands is an example of interaction

1) societies and individuals

2) citizen and state

3) society and nature

4) production and consumption

A7. Are the following judgments about society and nature correct?

A) As technology and technology improve, the economic impact of society on nature is increasing

B) The relationship between nature and society is the basis of the unity of the material world

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

A8. Are the following judgments about global problems true?

A. Contamination of nature by products of human activity refers to

to environmental problems

B. Global problems are associated with transformative human activities

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

A9. Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature true?

A. Nature is an inexhaustible source of all kinds of resources for humanity

B. The economic activity of the company can have a negative impact on the natural environment

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

A10. Are the following judgments about the mutual influence of society and nature true?

A. The presence of a variety of natural resources can accelerate the development of society

B. Natural disasters can threaten the existence of society

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

IN 1. Determine which of the following are the causes and which are the consequences of the environmental crisis

a) deterioration of the human environment

b) rough mechanical farming techniques

c) irrational use of resources

d) the disappearance of many species of animals and plants

e) consumer attitude to nature

f) increase in industrial waste

g) the growth of hereditary diseases

A. Causes of the environmental crisis: __________________________________

B. Consequences of the environmental crisis: ________________________________

Test 2.

A1. An example of the negative impact of society on the natural environment is

1) organization of the reserve

3) soil pollution by industrial waste

4) planting trees and shrubs

A2. Air pollution associated with an increase in the number of cars is an example of the relationship

1) society and nature

2) techniques and technologies

3) civilization and culture

4) ecology and morality

A3. TO global issues refers

1) The crisis of the financial system

2) Depletion of fresh water supplies

3) Production decline

4) Increase in debt of developing countries to developed

A4. An example of the influence of society on nature is

1) invention of a lightning rod

2) construction of pyramids in ancient Egypt

3) pollution of the waters of the World Ocean

4) the discovery of the law of universal gravitation

A5. Environmental issues include

1) the spread of drug addiction

2) gradual depletion of natural resources

3) prevention of the threat of a new world war

4) loss of moral values

A6. What example illustrates the influence of natural factors on the life of society?

1) adoption of legislation on nature protection

2) cleaning the park from household waste

3) pollution of the river with industrial waste

4) destruction of the road by mudflows from the mountains

A7. Are the following judgments about global problems true?

A. Nature influences the life and economic activities of people

B. Natural conditions do not affect the development of the spiritual culture of society

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

A10. Are the following judgments about the influence of nature on the development of society true?

A. Nature is a source of resources used to meet the needs of man, society as a whole

B. Natural conditions influence cultural creativity, traditions and customs of people

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are wrong

IN 1. Scientists distinguish between the concepts of "ecological crisis" and "ecological disaster".

A. Environmental crisis: __________________________________________

B. Environmental disaster: _______________________________________

Social studies test on the topic “Man and nature. Water and soil pollution "

The science of human interaction with nature?

a) biology

b) astrology

c) ecology

2. The division of natural resources is carried out into:

a) exhaustible and inexhaustible

b) harmful and useful

c) dangerous and safe

3. What is "biosphere"?

a) scientific subject

b) animal science

c) the living shell of the Earth

4. Are the judgments correct?

A. Vernadsky saw many different cities, factories - "second nature", created by human hands.

B. S.Yu. Witte thought about the powerful human impact on the biosphere.

a) only A is true

b) only B is true

c) both judgments are correct

d) both judgments are wrong

5. What is household waste?

a) volcanic eruption

b) tornado

c) tsunami

d) mountains of garbage

6. What is natural pollution?

a) poisonous fog

b) smog

c) volcanic eruption

d) human activity

7. Poachers are ...

a) people who exterminate animals

b) animals that exterminate people

c) scientists dealing with biosphere issues

d) extinct animals

8. Smog is ...

a) clear sky

b) fluffy cloud

c) mud clouds

d) acid rain

e) poisonous fog

9. How long does it take for the paper to rot?

a) 10 years

b) 8 years

c) 5 years

d) 2 years

10. What animals are included in the Black Book?

a) guinea pig

b) sea cow

in) sea Horse

d) sea zebra

11. What are the exhaustible resources?

a) gas

b) wind

c) garbage

d) solar energy

12. Set the correspondence:

exhaustible

inexhaustible

A) water

B) oil

B) coal

D) air

D) animal world

E) solar energy

G) wind

13. Are the judgments correct:

A. As a result of industrial pollution, a poisonous fog often hangs over cities - smog.

B. Acid rain is a common natural phenomenon.

a) only A is true

b) only B is true

c) both judgments are correct

d) both judgments are wrong

14. The Red Book is ...

a) a book where animals are listed that are under state protection

b) a book that lists all the animals living in Russia

c) a book that lists all extinct animals

d) a book about flora and fauna

15. What are examples of "second nature"?

a) machines and factories

c) trees and flowers

d) flora and fauna

16. The main "producer" of oxygen?

a) man

b) cars

c) wind

d) flora

17. What is related to man-made accidents?

a) volcanic eruption

b) explosion of radioactive elements

c) earthquake

d) prices

18. Are the judgments correct?

A. There are exhaustible and inexhaustible resources.

B. The biosphere is the shell of water.

a) only A is true

b) only B is true

c) both judgments are correct

d) both judgments are wrong

19. Match the types of contaminants with examples:

Natural pollution

Human pollution

Industrial pollution

A) Smoke from factories and factories

B) Tornado

C) Household waste (garbage)

20. In what year did the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occur?

a) 1963

b) 1965

c) 1974

d) 1986

21. Are the judgments correct?

A. Ecology is the science of human interaction with nature.

B. You cannot demand more from nature than it is capable of giving (ecological morality).

a) only A is true

b) only B is true

c) both judgments are correct

d) both judgments are wrong

22. How long does it take for a tin can to rot?

a) 20-40 years old

b) 30-40 years old

c) 50-60 years

d) 60-80 years

23. Supporters of cooperation with nature ...

b) help to destroy nature

c) create industrial facilities

d) replenish the lists of the Black Book

25.Select options that fit the second nature examples

a) machines

b) trees

c) shrubs

d) factories for the production of syringes

e) the city of Magnitogorsk

f) flora and fauna

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