1032 View

Concrete waste trays - one of the most necessary parts in the construction and organization of rainwater removal systems from construction and organization cable Systems. Consider what trays are and how they are used.

Types and destination

The strength and durability of concrete structures ensures the quality and water resistance of the concrete brand, which is used for the shape bay. That is why, at the base of the trays, the mixture of the brand is not lower than M-200. In addition, the base is the rods from the class A reinforcement or the wire base of the BP-I brand. The quality of the finished product is regulated by the requirements of GOST 21509-85.

Here are the main parameters that are spelled out in GOST:

• moisture resistance and ability to resist frosts;
• resistance to corrosion of metal parts and reinforcement;
• the thickness and density of the concrete layer;
• general characteristics concrete mix;
• stability of the finished product to mechanical exposure;
• the presence of emptiness in the cavity of the product.

Depending on the ratio of all the parameters listed above, three directions of using concrete drainage trays are distinguished:

• drainage - function;
• for laying cable;
• to protect the heating paintrass.

Consider more detail drainage trays

From the title of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage and wastewatering. Functions performed by these products:

1. Ensuring drainage, that is, the removal of extra moisture from the surrounding soil.
2. Redistribution of moisture. Removing water from the roadbed and transportation of its side or slope.
3. Organization of channels for outflow of water.
4. Ensuring stormwater outflows.
5. Sewer function - Connections of drainage systems with collectors.

Types of drain trays

In accordance with GOST distinguish three main types:

• in the form of a trapezium;
• in the form of the letter P;
• in the form of a parabola.

At the same time, the first and second form can be both with a flat flat inner base and in the form of a circular gutter.
All major characteristics, as well as, the scope of their application can be found from the marking. It is especially important to explore the labeling during the construction or installation of pipelines in difficult natural conditions. For example, when laying tracks in soil susceptible to seasonal fluctuations: a swampy terrain, the presence of an clay layer, the presence groundwater.

This can also include work that are manufactured in the conditions of the Far North. Here the most important requirement is resistance to low temperatures.
Water-graded trays are marked with the letter l, and two digits mean the number of the series and the maximum vertical load.

For the convenience of mounting, trays are two types: prefabricated and holistic.
Common models: Lengacles range from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, and width from 0.4 meters to 1, 84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1, 32 meters.

Concrete trays for the construction of heat

The main purpose of these trays is reliable protection pipeline from corrosion, cutting heat loss and pipe protection from rodents. For sewage and heat mains I use two types of trays:

• GOST CLP - these trays are covered with removable covers;
• GOST CLS - connection using chawl fasteners.

The advantage of concrete trays in front of brick analogues:

• saving time and strength when laying, due to the simplicity and integrity of the structure;
• a significant reduction in cost due to reducing consumables;
• significant superiority on the carrier load;
• the ability to withstand sharp temperature differences and soil oscillations.

Stability to groundwater

To use the sewage trays, the letter K, and for the heatingrass letter L.
Compare the cost of various concrete trays.
Buying a tray, you need to analyze all the parameters of the product you choose: load, dimensions, method of assembly and availability of a certificate.

The average price for one tray of the LC type 350 mm is 350 mm and by 2970 mm, will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drain systems. For example, during the construction of highways or bridges.
The product l 2-8 \\ 2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and by 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are broader and ideal for the construction of drainage systems of pleasure tracks and removal of rainwood from residential buildings.

LC 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions of 280 mm per 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for mounting the heating systems and laying the cable.
The most expensive option is L 10-8 \\ 2 with parameters of 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.

Name:

Road roads are common. Trays road drainage. Technical requirements

Act

Date of administration:

Date of cancellation:

Replaced with:

The text of GOST 32955-2014 roads for general use. Trays road drainage. Technical requirements

Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Interstate

STANDARD

Road roads

Trays road drains

Technical requirements

Official edition

Ritinform Stand 2016.

Preface

The goals, the basic principles and the main procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate standardization system. Standards interstate. Rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, applications, updates and cancellations »

Information about standard

1 Developed by the Progress Station Limited Liability Company (Progress Stroy LLC)

2 introduced by the Interstate Technical Committee on Standardization of MTK418 "Road Economy"

3 Adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol of December 5, 2014 No. 46)

4 by the order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology from Ersessa 2015 NO 1294-ST Interstate Standard GOST 32955-2014 was introduced as a national standard Russian Federation From June 1, 2016

5 introduced for the first time

Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual information indicator "National Standards" (as of January 1 of the current year), and the text of the amendments and amendments - in the monthly information indicator "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or the cancellation of this Standard, the appropriate notification will be published in the National Standards Monthly Information Index. Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standinform. 2016.

In the Russian Federation, this standard can be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

1 area of \u200b\u200buse........................

3 Terms and definitions .....................

4 Classification ...........................

5 technical requirements .....................

6 Rules of acceptance .........................

7 Safety and environmental requirements.

in transportation and storage .................

9 guarantees of the manufacturer .......................

Interstate standard

Road roads general use trays road drainage technical requirements

Automobile Roads of General Use. Drainage Road Trays.Technical Requirements

Development Development - 2016-06-01 with the right of early use

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to drainage trays drainwritten widths in light up to 1000 mm. Including on road trays, manufactured at the site of the production of works from the monolithic concrete concrete panels with a sliding formwork (hereinafter - trays), mounted in the zones of road transport and in pedestrian zones for collecting and removing water from top * bones of roads, as well as pedestrian zones. and installs technical requirements Trays, their classification and safety requirements, labeling, transportation and storage.

The standard also establishes technical requirements for plain grilles (hereinafter - lattices), mortgage products and other details integrated into the prefabricated and monolithic designs of trays.

The requirements of this standard are also applied to elements of livnevyopsy-cell-catching wells, which are structural elements of linear drainage systems.

It is allowed to use drainage trays at the objects of improvement of other territories.

2 Regulatory references

GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General technical conditions

GOST 1412-85 cast iron with lamellar graphite for castings. Brands

GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Compounds welded. Main types, structural elements and sizes

GOST 5582-75 Rental of thin-sheet corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Technical conditions

GOST 5781-82 Hot-rolled steel for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 6727-80 Nail-carbon steel wire is cold-tested for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 7293-85 cast iron with spherical graphite for castings. Brands

GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Technical conditions

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Technical conditions

GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and slagolortland cement. Technical conditions

GOST 10884-94 Steel reinforcement thermomechanically hardened for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 10922-90 Reinforcement and mortgage products Welded, compounds Welded fittings and mortgage products of reinforced concrete structures. General technical conditions

GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Compounds are welded under sharp and blunt angles. Main types, structural elements and sizes

Official edition

GOST 13015-2012 Reinforced concrete and concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules of acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 14918-80 Steel is thin-sheet galvanized with continuous lines. Specifications GOST 16523-97 Rental of thin-sheet carbon steel high-quality and common general-purpose quality. Technical conditions

GOST 18105-2010 Concretes. Rules of control and assessment of the strength of GOST 19903-74 Hire of hot rolled sheet. GOST 19904-90 GOST Love Cold Rolled. Sortman

GOST 23279-85 Mesh reinforcement welded for reinforced concrete structures and products. General technical conditions

GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortars. Specifications GOST 26358-84 Cast iron castings. General technical conditions GOST 26633-2012 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Technical requirements GOST 26645-85 castings from metals and alloys. Dimensional tolerances, mass and transmission allowance

GOST 30402-96 Building materials. The method of testing for ignitability GOST 31108-2003 Cements general construction. Technical conditions

GOST 32703-2014Dores Automobile overall use. Crushed stone and gravel from rocks. Technical requirements

GOST 32730-2014 roads for general use. Sand crushed. Technical requirements

GOST 32823-2014 roads for general use. Natural sand. Technical requirements

GOST 33174-2014 roads for general use. Cement. Technical requirements

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the action of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or on the National Standards Annual Information Signal, which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and on the issues of the monthly information pointer "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard should be guided by replacing (modified) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the application in which the link to it is given to the Honor that does not affect the ATU link.

3 Terms and Definitions

This standard applies the following terms with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 Letter (drainage, sewage): a team or monolithic design consisting of structural elements intended for taking surface water over its entire length and its direction further in stock.

Note - Depending on the design solution, the design of the trays may be straight, curvilinear, Rldiu or angle-mounted.

3.2 Surface Water: Water flowing from the roadway, curb, sidewalk, separation strip of the automotive road, as well as buildings, structures, or from the surface of the Earth.

3.3 Grid Livnevnyy: Removable part of a box tray, installed in the design of the tray (livnevel well) for passing water into it.

Note - Typical lattice designs are shown in Figure 1.

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Figure 1 - typical designs of water bridges

3.4 Livestone Well: Concrete Camera of various depths, intended for sub-unity to stormwater systems.

Note - rain-seekers, KVK Rule are used as a point drainage.

3.5 Sanding Well: Concrete Camera of various depths, designed to collect the fishing line and other solid residues, as well as to connect to stormwater systems. I have the same design features that the trays line connected to it. The sand-trap is made of one or more hermetically combined parts.

3.6 Garbage collector (basket): Recoverable structural element of a waste tray or a sandwishing (livneternal) well intended for collecting and removing solid residues.

3.7 Nominal tray width: The width of the tray in the light is a constructive parameter corresponding to the maximum integer dimmer of the horizontal tray in millimeters.

3.8 Lotter support surface: The surface on which the increasing nozzle, mortgage parts are mounted, or the water intake grille is stacked.

3.9 Enhancement Nozzle: Constructive Element, Metal Making, designed to protect the support and open surfaces of the tray from damage when driving on them vehicle.

3.10 CONTACT SURFACE: The surface of the amplifying nozzle or mortgage parts on which the water handbrained grille is stacked in the tray

Note - typical structures of reinforcing nozzles are presented in Figure 2.

1 - enhancement nozzle; A is the thickness of the vertical wall of the reinforcing nozzle. 2 - contact surface, D - sheet thickness under the contact surface; 3-water-driven grille

Figure 2 - Typical structures of reinforcing nozzles

3.11 Damping gasket: Laying from an elastic easily deformable material, laid on the contact surface of the nozzle or attached along the contour to the lower surface of the water-driven grid, which serves to ensure the stable position of the lattice in the tray.

3.12 The depth of planting the lattice: the size, the observance of which provides the correct location (flush with the adjacent surface) of the grille in the tray.

Note - Typical examples of the installation of the water intake grid in the tray are not shown in Figure 3.

f - the surface of the adjacent coating of the automotive road or the pedestrian zone: 2 - the water-driven grille: 3 "- the wall of the tray: e ^. AJ - width of the slots between the tray and grid housing: CO - the width of the tray's lumen: a - landing depth

Figure 3 - Typical examples of the installation of the water bridge in the tray

3.13 Square of the tray: The free surface area located between the supports * walls or edges of the slots (the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper surface of the box of the box tray or the area of \u200b\u200bthe slot in the slotted tray); in mm 2 or cm 2.

Note - Examples of the calculation of the lumen of the tray are not shown in Figure 4.

Square request * CO -L. L "C + LJ *

Figure 4 - Examples of the calculation of the area as follows in the trays

3.14 Width of the lumen: the distance between the supporting walls of the boxed tray or between the edges of the tray slots (CO), in millimeters.

Note - Examples of determining the width of the lumen of trays are presented in Figures 3 and 4.

3.15 Total lumen area in the slotted tray housing or in a lattice: the total area of \u200b\u200bthe sections of all the cracks, as well as holes in the lattices or other holes for passing water in slotted trays within the space of the lumen, e mm 2 or cm 2.

3.16 The size of the ledge in the day of adjacent trays: the difference in the vertical marks of the bottom of the shy trays. CAO is presented in Figure 5.

1 - direction of watercourse: 2 - surface of the day of trays: a - size ledge in the bottom of the snowy trays Figure S - diagram of determining the size of the ledge in the day of adjacent trays

3.17 Test load: The load indicated in the CN, which is attached to the tray element or lattice during testing of loading.

3.18 Limit Destructive Load: The maximum load value indicated in the KN. Upon reaching the destruction of the product when it is carried out by loading.

3.19 Polymerbeton: The material obtained by mixing polymer binder and aggregates. The structure of which is formed in the process of solidification of the binder.

3.20 Polymer materials: inorganic and organic, amorphous and crystalline substances consisting of monomeric links connected to long macromolecules with chemical or coordination bonds.

4 Classification

4.1 Depending on the method of manufacturing, trays are subdivided:

For pre-manufactured (factory manufacture);

Monolithic (manufactured at the installation site).

4.2 Depending on the design parameters, trays are subdivided into the following types:

a) Boxed - open top trays consisting of a housing and a waterproof lattice. Typical trays designs are presented in Figure 6:

I - Lattice: 2 - Tray housing: ft. b - internal dimensions (wetrated perimeter)

Figure 6 - Typical structures of boxes

b) Slitual - closed profile trays having a narrow solid or intermittent gap for passing water in the upper part. Typical tray design is presented in Figure 7;

L, b - internal dimensions (wettable perimeter)

Figure 7 - typical slotted tray design

c) border slotted - closed profile trays having a narrow solid or intermittent slot for water skipping. Typical trays designs are presented in Figure 8;

L. b - internal dimensions (wettable perimeter)

Figure 8 - Typical designs of curvature slotted trays

d) Open - open-up trays consisting only of the housing, or from a corlux and a challenged walls that increase the possible wetting perimeter. Typical trays designs are presented in Figure 9.

L. 6 (b ^. Bjj - internal dimensions (wetted perimeter)

Figure 9 - Typical Designs of Open Trays

4.3 According to the carrying capacity of the trays, including livestone and sandy tangible wells, and the lattices of the invoices of their intended use are divided into classes shown in Table 1.

Table 1 - Trays Classes

Load Clace /	Load bearing capacity
Montaja Group	(Test load value). KN
JSC Group 1.
A1S Group II.
B125 Group ILL
C250 Group IV

4.4 Depending on the perceived operational loads of the trays, the trays are divided:

On type 1 - a tray installed without a foundation or irrigation, which perceives vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state:

Type 2 - tray installed on the foundation or rigid base that perceives vertical loads in the mounted state;

type 3 - tray installed on the foundation and / or intimidation, perceiving vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state;

Type 4 - Tray installed on the foundation and to thermal dressing on the entire height of the tray, the parameters of which are determined by the calculation, perceiving vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state.

Typical examples constructive execution The foundations and irrigation of trays are presented in Figure 10.

1 - Filling layer :? - Putting items. 3 - tray. 4 - bitumen mastic: b - road covering, in - upper layer bases; 7 - base of concrete: b - underlying layer

Figure 10 - typical examples of structural design of the foundation and furnishings of trays

Lotto * walked 1

4.5 Places of installation of trays are divided into the following installation groups:

Group I - for shallow open trays mounted in road cuvettes, landscaping zones that are not intended for the movement of people and transport.

Group II - Motion zones intended for use of pedestrians and cyclist * MI; Pedestrian walkways closed to traffic;

Group III - parking lots of road transport;

Group IV - road strips, reinforced and separation strips, safety islands, roadside roads.

4.6 trays are marked with stamps that include alphabetic designations of the type of tray, digital designation of the main nominal sizes, including internal dimensions (lengths, heights and widths, indicated in brackets, or diameter), expressed in centimeters and separated by a dot and a dash sign, as well as the letter and digital designation of the class of the tray, separated by the dash sign.

The following conventions are used to indicate the type of trays:

K is a box tray;

Sh is a slit tray;

Bsch - border slit tray;

0 - Outdoor tray:

One - outdoor lotoxes in good root walls;

P - rectangular interior;

U - U-shaped interior section:

COP - ring internal section;

LC - a livnevnye well;

PC is a sandwishing well.

1 KP 100.35 (25) .40 (33) -A15 Tray boxed rectangular inner section 1000 mm long. 350 mm width and 400 mm high. Including width in light 250 mm and height inside 350 mm. Class on the bearing capacity A15.

2 chchhs 200.60.60-F25-B130 Sliced \u200b\u200bring inner cross sections 2000 mm long. 600 mm wide. 600 mm high. inner diameter 250 mm. Class on the bearing capacity B130.

3 PKP in (C60) .50.B0 (60) -C250 The block of a lescape well of a rectangular inner cross section is 800 mm long. 800 mm width and S00 mm high. Including with a length of 600 mm and a width of 600 mm wide. Class for C2S0 bearing capacity.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General

5.1.1 Trays, Livestone and sandowellaeling wells are made of the following materials:

Heavy concrete (reinforced concrete) satisfying the requirements of GOST 26633 or national standards operating in the territory of states who have voted for the adoption of the standard, including dispersed reinforced concrete:

Polymer concrete;

5.1.2 Lattices trays are made of cast iron:

With lamellar graphite;

With spherical graphite;

5.1.3 Trays and grilles should be manufactured on working drawings approved in the prescribed manner. Trays are manufactured in forms that ensure compliance with the requirements established by this standard for their quality and product accuracy.

5.1.4 Trays and lattices used on roads must be lenks to the KVODEY-MOGWIA climatic factors and aggressive factors of the external environment, ensure the perception of operational loads by the walls of trays and grille without destruction and accumulation of deformations during the entire period of their service.

5.1.5 With the heat-woofer processing of products from concrete (reinforced concrete), the modes of hardening of the heater of isothermal exposure should be observed, not more than 60 9 s and speed of temperature rise and cooling products not more than 10 * C / h.

5.2 Main parameters and dimensions

5.2.1 Form and nominal dimensions of trays and lattices are established by the manufacturer in coordination with the consumer.

The main parameters of the shape and dimensions should ensure the correspondence of trays and lattices of their purpose, as well as the reliability and safety of their use on roads.

5.2.2 Online tray size belongs to their length, width and height, the parameters of their internal core (wetting perimeter), as well as the size of the slots of on-board slot and slit trays.

The main dimensions of the lattices include their length, width and thickness, as well as the size of the slots and holes.

As a rule, the internal height (depth) of the tray should be no less than its nominal width (width in the light).

5.2.3 Compliance of trays The requirements for their form and sizes are estimated by the magnitude of deviations of valid values \u200b\u200bof the corresponding indicators from their nominal values.

The values \u200b\u200bof the actual deviations of the internal dimensions of the trays from the nominal values \u200b\u200bshould not exceed the limit values \u200b\u200bindicated in Table 2.

Table 2 - geometric dimensions of trays and limit deviations

In millimeters

Name of internal size	Limit deviation
	External height of tray up to 500	Outdoor tray height of St. 500.
up to 1000 text.
over 1000 to 4000 Conference.
up to S00.
Height (diameter):
up to 200.

5.2.4 Product production errors should not exceed the following values:

a) Deviation of the thickness of the walls -1.5 mm:

b) deviation from the flatness of the end faces - 2.0 mm:

e) deviation from the straightness of the profile of the upper face surface at a length of 1000 mm -1.5 mm:

d) deviation from perpendicularity of end and adjacent faces with height of the product:

up to 200mml. - 1.5mm;

cE. 200 to 500 mm Conference. - 2.5 mm:

sv. 500 mm - 5.0 mm.

5.2.5 The values \u200b\u200bof the actual deviations of the internal dimensions of the trays, made on the site of the production of works from the monolithic concrete (reinforced concrete), from nominal values \u200b\u200bshould not exceed the limit values \u200b\u200bindicated in Table 2.

5.2.6 Deviations of the internal dimensions of blocks of plasterernye or sandwishing wells from nominal should not exceed the following values:

13 mm - with outdoor tray height up to 500 mm.

15 mm - with an outdoor height of the tray of St. 500 mm.

5.2.7 The width of the slit in the slotted tray can be 10 to 42 mM depending on the library * The iance of its axis relative to the direction of movement of road transport and is set in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3 - geometric sizes of slit in a slotted tray

5.2.8 In a curvy slotted tray, the slot parameters must be:

Length - no more than 170 mm:

Width is more than 90 mm.

In this case, the width of the vertical projection of the slit on the horizontal plane should not exceed 32 mm at the corner of the front surface of the curborn, no more than 20 *.

5.2.9 The gaps or other holes in the lattices should be evenly distributed throughout its area. The area of \u200b\u200bslots or other holes should be at least 30% of its pure area.

5.2.10 The parameters of the slots in the lattices calculated under the classes of loads A15 and B125. Must be:

With a width of 6 to 18 mm. - the length of the slit is not limited;

With the width of the CE slit. 18 to 25 mm Conference. - The length of the slit should not exceed 170 mm.

The parameters of the slots in the lattices calculated under the C250 load class. Depending on the location of their axes in relation to the direction of movement of road transport is set in accordance with Table 3.

5.3 Main indicators and characteristics

5.3.1 Injustful indicators characterizing the quality of trays and lattices, as well as structural materials of which they are manufactured include:

Appearance and quality of the product surface;

Strength and crack resistance of products;

Strength of construction material for compression;

The strength of the structural material for stretching during bending;

The volume of air involved in the concrete mixture;

Frost resistance of construction material;

Water resistance of the structural material;

Water absorption of structural material;

Abrasability of structural material;

The thickness of the protective layer of concrete over steel reinforcement;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

Form and quality of reinforcement and mortgage products that enhance the nozzles:

The brand of reinforcement steel, steel grade and cast iron of mortgage products and amplifying nozzles;

Mark cast iron lattice.

5.3.2 Appearance and quality of products

5.3.2.1 For trays made from concrete (reinforced concrete, dispersed concrete), the facial surface must comply with the category not below, and non-uniform surfaces-categories are not lower than A7 according to GOST 13015 or in accordance with the requirements of national standards, Austener, the territories of states who have voted for the adoption of the standard .

5.3.2.2 It is allowed on the surface of the trays of individual defects in the form of damage, with the exception of the front surface:

SCOLs on the fins of the tray depth to 10 mm at the total length of the chips of not more than 100 mm per product;

Surface cracks width not more than 0.1 mm with a total crack length of not more than 100 mm per product.

5.3.2.3 The presence of oil and rusty spots on the front surface of open, slot and border slotted trays is not allowed.

5.3.2.4 Lattices and increasing nozzles should not have defects that reduce their strength.

On the surface of the products, the presence of shells with a diameter of not more than 10 mm and depth

not more than 3 mm. No more than 5% of the surfaces of the products. Cracks are not allowed. On the lower supporting surface of the nozzles and the lattices is allowed to have slag inclusions that occupy no more than 10% of the total surface area.

5.3.2.5 The tolerances of products in accordance with GOST 26645 must be compliant:

Not lower than 10 grade accuracy-sizes;

Not lower than 11 grade accuracy-weight.

5.3.2.6 Lattices should fit tightly to the contact surface of reinforcing nozzles or mortgage products. The tolerance of the flatness of the supporting surface of the grid should not exceed 2 mm.

Lattices designed for the load class C250. Must have a damping gasket, which is placed on the contact surface of the nozzle or attach to the support surface of the lattice. The design, the size of the gasket and the methods of its attachment determines the manufacturer's enterprise. The hardness of the damping gasket must be not lower than 40 units on Shore.

5.3.3 Strength and crack resistance of products

5.3.3.1 Trays must comply with the requirements established by this Standard, and made from reinforced concrete - additionally and fracture resistance. and withstand when testing the control loads listed in Table 1.

5.3.3.2 Control width of the disclosure of cracks when tested on the crack resistance of trays, livneternal and leather-taking wells made from reinforced concrete should not exceed 0.2 mm.

The appearance of cracks in the housings of products made from concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete, and polymer concrete during strength tests is not allowed.

5.3.3.3 The lattices must withstand the control loads indicated in Table 1. without forming cracks during tests.

5.3.4 Strength of structural materials for compression and stretching with bending

5.3.4.1 Trays, Livestone and sandwishing wells are made from concrete classes by compressive strength and stretching during bending not lower than CZP and HC, 4.0, respectively.

The dressing and foundations of trays should be made from the monolithic concrete class by compressive strength not lower than B25.

5.3.4.2 The value of the normalizedness of the standard of concrete commodity-concrete products should be at least 90% of the concrete class by compressive strength and stretching when bending.

5.3.4.3 The actual strength of the concrete must comply with the required strength according to GOST 18105, depending on the indicators of the actual homogeneity of concrete strength.

5.3.4.4 PolymerBetone used for the manufacture of trays. VVERASTEE7Sut must have the following physicomechanical indicators:

The tensile strength is at least 90 MPa;

Bending strength is at least 22 MPa.

5.3.5 Frost resistance of structural materials

5.3.5.1 Frost resistance of concrete trays, referee and sandwishing wells, as well as climbing trays should be no lower than the F200 brand when testing the second basic method.

5.3.5.2 Frost resistance of polymer concrete trays should not be lower than the F200 brand when testing the second basic method.

5.3.6 Waterproof of structural materials

5.3.6.1 Waterproof of concrete trays, refrigerated and sandwishing wells should not be lower than the W8 brand.

The waterproofability of the concrete is climbing the trays should not be lower than the W6 brand.

5.3.6.2 The waterproof of the polymer concave trays should be no lower than the W8 brand.

5.3.7 Water absorption of structural materials

5.3.7.1 Water absorption of concrete trays, refractory and sandwishing wells, as well as climbing trays should not exceed 5% by weight.

The water absorption of the polymer concrete should not exceed 0.5% by weight.

5.3.8 Abrasability of structural materials

The value of the abrasion of structural materials of slot and border slotted trays, as well as trays, the elements of the structures of which are subjected to direct effects of wheels of motor vehicles and pedestrian loads, should not exceed 0.7 g / cm *.

5.3.9 The thickness of the protective layer of concrete above the working steel reinforcement

The thickness of the protective layer of concrete above the working steel reinforcement for slit and border slotted trays should be at least 30 mm. And for other products and irrigation of trays - at least 20 mm.

5.3.10 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

The value of the indicator of the total specific effective activity for trays and lattices used on general use roads within the territories of settlements and prospective development areas should not exceed 740 BC / kg. And beyond settlements - 1500 BC / kg.

5.3.11 Form and quality of reinforcement and mortgage products that enhance the nozzles

5.3.11.1 Form and dimensions of reinforcement and mortgage products and their position in trays and blocks of livestone and sandwishing wells must comply with working drawings developed and approved in the prescribed manner.

Welded reinforcement and mortgage products must meet the requirements of the work drawings. GOST 10922. GOST 23279.

5.3.11.2 Mortgage products and increasing nozzles are manufactured as one-piece castings, stamped, bent or welded elements.

Metallic castings must satisfy the remuneration of GOST977. GOST 26358. GOST26645.

In the manufacture of welded mortgages and reinforcing nozzles, the requirements of GOST 5264. GOST 11534.

5.3.11.3 Mortgage products integrated into trays in the process of their manufacture must be connected to them using anchors as a rigid single element.

5.3.11.4 The surface of the reinforcement and mortgage parts, reinforcement and connective parts that have direct contact with the external environment should have an anti-corrosion coating. Anticorrosive coatings must comply with the requirements. regulatory documents. existing on the territory of states who voted for the adoption of the standard.

5.3.12 Marks of reinforcement steel, steel and cast iron for mortgage products and increasing nozzles

5.3.12.1 For the manufacture of reinforcement products, assembly and butt compounds, the reinforcement steel specified in the working drawings are used. At the same time, reinforced steel should meet the following requirements:

Rod reinforcement steel classes A-I. A-ILL, A-IV and A-V according to GOST 5781;

* Thermomechanically and thermally strengthened reinforcement steel class at-shs. AT-IVC. AT-IV and AT-VNO GOST 10884:

Variamatic wire class BP-I according to GOST 6727.

Unbavilable reinforcement steel classes of AT-IV and AT-V should be used as one-piece rods of measuring length without welded joints.

5.3.12.2 For the manufacture of mortgage products and reinforcing nozzles, rental and leaf steel specified in the working drawings are used.

Stamped, bent and welded mortgage products and increasing nozzles are made from rolled and sheet steel, satisfying the requirements of GOST 5582. GOST 14918. GOST 16523. GOST 19903 and GOST 19904.

5.3.12.3 The use of low carbon structural steel is allowed under the condition of its sufficient corrosion resistance, which is achieved by the use of hot galvanizing.

5.3.12.4 Enhancement nozzles in the form of castings are made from the cast iron of the brand not lower than sch 20 according to GOST 1412. GOST7293.

5.3.13 Mark cast iron lattices

The lattices in the form of castings are made from the cast iron of the brand not lower than the sch 20 according to GOST 1412. GOST 7293.

5.4 Requirements for materials

5.4.1 Requirements for Materials for the preparation of concrete mixtures

5.4.1.1 Conceptuality of concrete mixtures must comply with the technological regulations on the manufacture of trays and concrete surveillance.

5.4.1.2 The volume of the involved air in concrete mixtures should be no less mounted in the selection of the composition of the mixture and be in the range from 5% to 7%.

5.4.1.3 To prepare a concrete mixture, a portland cement should be used for concrete coatings and artificial structures of CEM I N. CEM LL / A-SH N of strength classes 32.5-52.5 according to GOST 33174.

It is allowed to use Portland cement PC-D0-H and PC-D20-N. Containing the additive of a domain granulated slag no more than 15% of the mass of clinker, grades 400-550 in accordance with GOST 10178 or portland cement CEM I N and CEM LL / A-W N. containing the additive of the domain granulated slag not more than 15% of the mass of clinker, strength classes 32.5-52.5 According to GOST 31108. The content of three-killy aluminate in the clinker should not exceed 8% by weight.

5.4.1.4 8 The quality of large aggregate should be used by crushed stone from dense rocks, which corresponds to the requirements of GOST 32703. It is allowed to use crushed stone from dense rocks satisfying the requirements of GOST 8267.

16mm -Logost32703:

20 mm - according to GOST 8267.

The rubble brand is not lower than 1200. Mark for frost resistance - not lower than F200.

5.4.1.5 8 as small aggregates should use sands natural and crushed, comply with the requirements of GOST 32823 and GOST 32730. Not lower than I class, or mixtures thereof.

It is allowed to use woodworks natural and crushed, satisfying the requirements of GOST 8736. Not lower than I class or mixtures thereof.

5.4.1.6 Water for the preparation of concrete mixes should satisfy the requirements of GOST 23732.

5.4.17 The composition of the concrete mixture should be administered plasticizing and air-dye chemical additives. Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of regulatory doc * cops operating in the territory of states who have voted for the adoption of the standard.

5.4.1.8 To increase the specific shock viscosity of the concrete and the crack resistance of concrete products to the concrete mixture, it is recommended to introduce fiber from artificial, synthetic and natural fibers.

Fiber from artificial fibers of organic or mineral origin should be alkali, the fibers must have a special coating that prevents them with a coming when accumulated on their surface of a static electric charge during the mixing of the fibrobetonic mixture.

QualityFibra must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents operating in the territory of states who have voted for the adoption of the Standard.

5.4.2 Requirements for materials for the preparation of polymer mixture

5.4.2.1. The following synthetic resins should be used for the preparation of lolimbetonic mixtures:

Fourfornacetone:

Unsaturated polyester;

Furano epoxy:

Ether methyl methacrylic acid (metomer methyl methacrylate).

8 as synthetic resins hardeners are used:

Benzo Lyulfocuslot - for Fourfoalcetone Resins;

Hydraulic isopropyl benzene - for polyester resins;

Polyethylenepolyamine - for furano epoxy resins;

A system consisting of technical dimelanylin and benzoyl peroxide - for methyl methacrylate.

8 The quality accelerator of polyester resins is used naphthenate cobalt.

To reduce the volatility of methyl methacrylate, oil paraffin should be used.

5.4.2.2 Catapin, Alkamon should be used as plasticizing additives. Melami-co-formaldehyde resin and sulfoned naphthaleal formaldehyde compounds (plasticizer C * 3).

5.4.2.3 The crushed stone of dense rocks should be used as a large aggregate, which corresponds to the requirements of GOST 32703. It is allowed to use crushed stone from dense rocks satisfying the requirements of GOST 8267.

Apply crushed stone from sedimentary rocks is not allowed.

Maximum grain size rubble should not exceed:

16 mm - GOST 32703;

20 mm - GOST 8267.

For the preparation of the polymer mixture, the rubble fraction of 8-16 mm according to GOST 32703 or a fraction is 10-20 mm according to GOST 8267.

The rubble brand is not less than 1200. Mark on frost resistance - not lower

5.4.2.4 As a small placeholder, sands should be used by natural and crushed medium size or large, corresponding to the requirements of GOST 32823 and GOST 32730, not lower or mixtures thereof.

It is allowed to use the sands natural and crushed medium size or large, satisfying the requirements of GOST 8736. or mixtures thereof.

Natural and crushed sands should not contain inclusions of sedimentary origin.

5.4.2.5 The humidity of a large and small aggregate should not exceed 0.5% by weight.

5.4.2.6 As filler should use andesitic, quartz or diabase flour, marchalitis and graphite powder.

It is allowed to use thin-fat crushed stone from dense rocks and quartz sand.

5.4.2.7 The value of the specific surface of the filler should be in the range from 250 to 300 m 2 / kg.

The moisture content of the filler should not exceed 1% by weight.

5.5 Marking

5.5.1 When delivering onboard stones to the consumer, the manufacturer (supplier) provides them with marking according to GOST 14192 and the requirements of this standard.

5.5.2 When labeling trays, the norms of legislation operating in the territory of states who have voted for the adoption of the standard and establishing the procedure for marketing products with information in the state language.

5.5.3 The marking should be applied to the packaging of products, and in the case of its absence - on the side surface of at least 10% of the amounts supplied products in the party.

Application on the facial surface or the base of the trays is not allowed.

5.5.4 Marking inscriptions must contain:

Note. type, class load, installation groups and basic product size;

The designation of this Standard:

Trademark or brief name of the manufacturer;

The date of manufacture Format: GG. mm.dd. (For example, the date of March 4, 2015 indicates: 03/15/04);

Mass of products in tons;

Technical control stamp.

5.5.5 Marking inscriptions should be visible during storage, easily and resistant to weather and mechanical effects.

5.5.6 In the necessary cases, applying to the surface of products (with the exception of the front surface) of assembly and manipulation characters is allowed.

6 Rules acceptance

6.1 Trays must be accepted by the technical control service of the manufacturer. The reception of trays is carried out by parties in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015 or with national norms operating in the territory of the states who voted for the adoption of the standard. The batch includes products of one species and class, consistently manufactured by the enterprise on the same technology for no one day from materials of one type and quality.

In the manufacture of a tray irregularly or in small quantities, provided that the quality of the product quality is associated, it is allowed to include products made for several days, but not more than one week.

6.2 Trays are taken according to the results of receiving and commissioning and periodic tests. With periodic tests, seasonal stops of production, confirmed documented, are not included in the period between the tests.

6.3 Trays accept:

According to the results of acceptance tests - for concrete products in terms of strength indicators (concrete class by compressive strength and vacation strength), the volume of the air involved, the correspondence of the reinforcement, reinforcement and mortgage products, the working drawings, the strength of welded joints, the accuracy of geometric parameters, protective thickness Concrete layer to reinforcement, crack opening widths, quality concrete surfaces and the appearance, the presence of an anti-corrosion coating on the open surfaces of the mortgage products, the correctness of the labeling.

For products from polymer concrete - in terms of compressive strength, compliance of reinforcement and mortgage products, the strength of welded compounds, the accuracy of geometric parameters, the width of the cracks, the quality of surfaces and the appearance, the presence of anti-corrosive-zono-octication of the unopened surfaces of the mortgage products, the correctness of the labeling;

According to the results of periodic tests - for products from concrete in tensile strength indicators for bending (concrete class for tensile strength during bending), frost resistance, waterproof, water discrepancy. abrasability, specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

For products from polymerbetone - in terms of bending strength, frost resistance and waterproof. Etopoglostec. abrasability, specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

6.4 Tests of tray loading on strength and crack resistance (for trays from reinforced concrete) are carried out before the start of their mass production, when we introduce constructive changes in them, when changing the manufacturing and quality of materials, as well as in the process of serial proize * Etoea in the deadlines installed in the workers drawings on the product.

Tests of products by loading altitude of making constructive changes to the ILRI treason * The research techniques may not be carried out in coordination with the design organization - developer of work drawings.

6.5 Tests of structural materials PropertyPriendizibeb. Mural resistance. Favorite-permeability and euodo-absorption is carried out in the development of the production of products and in the future with the change in manufacturing technology, the nomanticosostav of the material, the type and quality of materials, but not less than:

Once in 1 month - bending strength:

Once in 3 months - water absorption:

One time in 6 months - frost resistance, waterproof and abrasion.

6.6 Tests In terms of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in structural materials are carried out in the primary selection of the nominal composition of the material, as well as when changing the quality of the materials used, when the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in new materials exceeds the corresponding characteristics of the materials previously used.

6.7 The selling strength of concrete products is determined by the expiration of the estimated period set by taking into account the duration of the storage of products after the platform, or upon vacation to the consumer.

6.8 Determination of water absorption concrete trays is carried out after reaching the vacation strength of concrete.

6.9 Acceptance of products in terms of accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the width of the splitting of the cracks, the quality of surfaces and the appearance, the presence of fat and rusty spots on the surfaces of the products is carried out according to the results of single-stage selective control in accordance with GOST 13015 or national standards acting On the territory of states who voted for adoption of standards.

6.10 The presence of fat and rusty spots on the surfaces of products, the presence of mounting loops and the cleaning of them from the influx of concrete, the presence and correctness of the application of the marking of products are set according to the results of solid control.

6.11 The batch of products, not accepted according to the results of the sample control, is subject to a vulgar acceptance. In this case, the acceptance of products should be carried out in terms of which the party was not adopted.

6.12 The consumer has the right to monitor the quality of products in terms of indicators that can be checked on finished products, using the method of acceptance set by this standard.

6.13 Each manufacturer adopted by technical control of the manufacturer of trays should be accompanied by a document on quality according to GOST 13015 or in accordance with national standards operating in the territory of states who have voted for adoption of standards.

6.14 8 The document on quality should be indicated:

Name and address of the manufacturer;

The number and date of issuing a document;

Party number:

Name, view and class of carrying capacity;

The number of products of each type and class on the bearing capacity:

Production date of products;

Concrete class for compressive strength (compressive strength);

Class of concrete for tensile strength with bending (tensile strength);

Web strength of concrete:

Stamp on frost resistance;

Stamp on waterproof;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides 4, f f. BC / kg;

Designation of this standard;

Manufacturer's warranty.

7 Safety and Environmental Protection Requirements

7.1 Trays should ensure the safety of their use on roads in accordance with the legislation of States who voted for the adoption of the Standard.

7.2 Trays installed in the movements of pedestrians, cyclists and road transport should not have sharp corners and cutting edges on the front surface.

7.3 Radiation safety of onboard stones is characterized by an indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

The values \u200b\u200bof the indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides for trays used on the roads of the units of territories of settlements and perspective zones should not exceed 740 BCs / kg.

The values \u200b\u200bof the indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides for trays used on the roads outside the settlements should not exceed 1500 BC / kg.

7.4 If necessary, in accordance with the national norms operating in the territory of states who voted for the adoption of the standard, the maximum permissible value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in relation to trays can be changed within the norms specified in 7.3.

7.5 Construction Lolimbetone Materials for the manufacture of trays must be non-aggravated or challenged.

7.6 On flammability Materials trays must relate to the group not lower than GOST 30402.

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Trays are allowed to transport all types of transport. At the same time, the rules of carriage are established in accordance with the sequitality of states who have voted for the adoption of the standard, and the requirements of documents regulating the transportation of goods.

Loading, unloading and fastening of trays during transportation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical conditions of loading and fastening of goods.

8.2 When loading trays in the vehicle, the conditions for uniformity of the load distribution should be observed relative to its axes and ensuring the required gap between the products and the vehicle sides.

8.3 Transportation and storage of trays made of concrete on cement binder are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the infemendar. GOST 13015 or in accordance with national standards operating in the territory of states who have voted for the adoption of the Standard.

8.4 During transportation of trays and loading and unloading operations, it is prohibited:

Loading and transportation of products in bulk:

Unloading by reset:

Moving products with wolves, without gaskets and rollers;

Loading and transportation of products made from concrete on cement binder, until they achieve their vacation strength.

When transporting the product should be securely fixed and should not be subjected to shocks and shocks.

8.5 When transporting trays should be provided with the necessary accompanying documentation.

8.6 Trays should be stored in warehouse conditions sorted by type, types and classes of load in stacks height not more than 2 m when ensuring their stability and elimination of the possibility of falling products.

Place (playground) of stovers should have a solid smooth surface with a secured drainage.

8.7 When stored in stacks, trays should be laid on inventory lining and / or gaskets of a rectangular or trapezoidal section of wood or other materials that ensure the safety of products, a thickness of at least 30 mm and a length corresponding to the size of the product. At the same time, the stacks should be stacked the products of the same size and the shape, and the gaskets are placed one over the other. If other requirements are not installed, the distance from the edges of the gaskets to the ends should be the order of 25% of the nominal length of the product.

8.8 Storage conditions should ensure the visibility of marking inscriptions and free access to products, as well as the possibility of warehouse control and applying means of mechanization when loading products for vehicles.

8.9 When transporting, storing trays and in loading and unloading work, the requirements of industrial safety and labor protection should be observed.

9 Manufacturer's guarantees

9.1 The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the products supplied by the requirements of this Standard subject to the transportation and storage rules established by this standard.

9.2 The manufacturer guarantees for at least 3 years the safety of consumer quality products while complying with the installation and application specified by project documentation. and operation of linear drainage systems using mechanisms and tools that exclude mechanical damage to products.

Guidelines for use

A.1 Installation of trays is carried out in accordance with the project documentation.

A.2 After installation, the design of mounted trays should be durable and rigid, withstand operational loads from the effects of vehicles and linear temperature deformations, ensure the reception and removal of surface waters and be waterproof.

To ensure the integrity of the design of trays, including with concrete stencil, it is necessary to provide transverse seams of expansion.

A.W If elements (blocks) trays are made with a longitudinal bias. then its value should be at least 0.3%. At the same time, the lotkin blocks can be scarked accordingly to ensure their consistent assembly.

A.4 Related trays should be shown in such a way as not to form a narrowing of ematrene. The size of the ledge in the bottom of the shockable trays should not exceed 5.0 mm.

A.s If the designs of trays are provided by sanding wells or garbagers, their design should provide unhindered drain and ventilation, subject to their complete filling in sand or other objects.

A.6 The joints of the trays, seams of expansion, in the joints of the trays with adjacent coating should be sealing.

For sealing joints and seams, materials are used to ensure reliable operation of trays without disturbing their waterproof.

A.7 The depth of the landing of the lattice in the design of the tray must be at least:

20 mm - for class A15 lattices;

25 mm - for grate class 8125;

35 mm - for C250 grates.

A.8 The height difference between the upper edge of the lattice and the surface of the tray emerging to the surface of the coatings of the roadway should not exceed 1.0 mm.

A.9 To limit the horizontal displacement of the lattice in the tray the width of the slit between the lattice housing and the body of the tray (reinforcing nozzle) should not exceed 3 mm around the perimeter.

A.10 The opening angle of lattices having a hinge mount to the body of the tray or the increasing nozzle, with respect to the surface of the coating, should be at least 100 *. If other requirements are not installed project documentation.

A.11 The design of a linear surface drainage system, made of trays, must be maintainable and allowed:

Cleaning trays and sandwishing wells, waterproof pipes and holes, garbagers and lattice holes, as well as removal of snow-ice formations.

Periodic inspection of the integrity of its individual parts, challenges, connecting nodes;

Replace damaged items:

Timely inspection of the state of the anti-corrosion coating on its elements, care and restoration of damaged areas of the coating:

Pressure cleaning in the following ways:

a) mechanical, by cleaning the available places and deletions of garbage with a mechanized or manual way.

6) hydrodynamic, by washing the water jet system under high pressure;

c) thermal or chemical, by melting and paying ice formations.

UDC 626.861.5: 625.7: 006.384 μs 93.080.30

Keywords: highway, Trays Road, Lattices, Technical Requirements, Security

Editor A, A- Bakan Technical Editor 8.N. Prussaaaaa Corrector U.C. KabN. Gololtareii

Delivered and set 14.12.2015. Signed in print 08 02.2016. Format 50.64 ^ Headset Aril.

Hood. Pen. I. 2.79. Uad. l. 2.40. Circulation EZE ECE. ZEK. 35

Published and imprinted in FSUE Stamartartinform, 123905 Moscow, grenade lane, 4. www.90stinfo.1u

Concrete waste trays are one of the most necessary parts in the construction and organization of rainwater removal systems from buildings and with cable systems. Consider what trays are and how they are used.

The strength and durability of concrete structures ensures the quality and water resistance of the concrete brand, which is used for the shape bay. That is why, at the base of the trays, the mixture of the brand is not lower than M-200. In addition, the base is the rods from the class A reinforcement or the wire base of the BP-I brand. The quality of the finished product is regulated by the requirements of GOST 21509-85.

Here are the main parameters that are spelled out in GOST:

• moisture resistance and ability to resist frosts;
• resistance to corrosion of metal parts and reinforcement;
• the thickness and density of the concrete layer;
• general characteristics of the concrete mix;
• stability of the finished product to mechanical exposure;
• the presence of emptiness in the cavity of the product.

Depending on the ratio of all the parameters listed above, three directions of using concrete drainage trays are distinguished:

• drainage - function;
• for laying cable;
• to protect the heating paintrass.

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From the title of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage and wastewatering. Functions performed by these products:

1. Ensuring drainage, that is, the removal of extra moisture from the surrounding soil.
2. Redistribution of moisture. Removing water from the roadbed and transportation of its side or slope.
3. Organization of channels for outflow of water.
4. Ensuring stormwater outflows.
5. Sewer function - Connections of drainage systems with collectors.

Types of drain trays

In accordance with GOST distinguish three main types:

• in the form of a trapezium;
• in the form of the letter P;
• in the form of a parabola.

At the same time, the first and second form can be both with a flat flat inner base and in the form of a circular gutter. All major characteristics, as well as, the scope of their application can be found from the marking. It is especially important to explore the labeling during the construction or installation of pipelines in difficult natural conditions. For example, when laying the tracks in soil susceptible to seasonal fluctuations: a swampy terrain, the presence of a clay layer, the presence of groundwater.

This can also include work that are manufactured in the conditions of the Far North. Here the most important requirement is resistance to low temperatures. Water-graded trays are marked with the letter l, and two digits mean the number of the series and the maximum vertical load.

For the convenience of mounting, trays are two types: prefabricated and holistic. Common models: Lengacles range from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, and width from 0.4 meters to 1, 84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1, 32 meters.

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The main purpose of these trays is the reliable protection of the pipeline from corrosion, cutting heat loss and pipe protection from rodents. For sewage and heat mains I use two types of trays:

• GOST CLP - these trays are covered with removable covers;
• GOST CLS - connection using chawl fasteners.

The advantage of concrete trays in front of brick analogues:

• saving time and strength when laying, due to the simplicity and integrity of the structure;
• a significant reduction in cost due to reducing consumables;
• significant superiority on the carrier load;
• the ability to withstand sharp temperature differences and soil oscillations.

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To use the sewage trays, the letter K, and for the heatingrass of the letter L., compare the cost of various concrete trays.

Buying a tray, you need to analyze all the parameters of the product you choose: load, dimensions, method of assembly and availability of a certificate.

The average price for one tray of the LC type 350 mm is 350 mm and by 2970 mm, will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drain systems. For example, during the construction of highways or bridges. The product l 2-8 \\ 2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and by 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are broader and ideal for the construction of drainage systems of pleasure tracks and removal of rainwood from residential buildings.

LC 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions of 280 mm per 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for mounting the heating systems and laying the cable. The most expensive option is L 10-8 \\ 2 with parameters of 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.

Additional materials:

Administrator

GOST 21509-76 Trays reinforced concrete irrigation systems. Technical conditions (with a change in N 1), GOST dated December 31, 1975 №21509-76

GOST 21509-76Group Ж33

Date of introduction 1977-01-01

Approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of December 31, 1975 N 247

Reprint (November 1984) with a change in N 1, approved in September 1984; Fast. N 159 from 12.09.84 (IUS 2-85)

This standard applies to reinforced concrete pouring trays of parabolic cross sections, made of heavy concrete medium density of 2200-2500 kg / cubic meters.

The technical level indicators established by this standard are provided for trays of the first quality category.

1. Types, stamps and sizes

1.1. Under the conditions of operation, reinforced concrete parabolic trays are subdivided into the following types:

LR - trays, built on piles, racking supports and plates;

LRG - trays stacked in the ground.

Form, main size and indicators of material consumption (consumption of concrete and steel) trays must comply with the specified ones 1 and in Table 1

Damn 1 Form, Main Dimensions and Indicators of Material Costs (Consumption of Concrete and Steel) Trays

Table 1 (left side)

Markalot

Main dimensions, mm

Table 1 (left side)

Markalot		Flow consumption	Certificate Muss, T.
		Concrete, cubic meters

Note. The reference weight of the tray is given for concrete of a medium density of 2400 kg / cubic meters.

1.2. Trays should be denoted by stamps in accordance with GOST 23009-78.

The tray march consists of one alphanumeric group and contains the designation of the tray type and the nominal height of the tray in decimeters, the value of which is rounded to an integer.

An example of the conventional designation (brand) of the reinforced concrete ventilated trailer of the LP type 400 mm high:

1.1, 1.2. (Modified edition, change of N 1).

2. Technical requirements

2.1. Trays should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner, on working drawings of typical designs of the series 3.820.1-34С / 85.

Trays should be manufactured using thermal prigores.

2.2. The values \u200b\u200bof real deviations of geometrical parameters should not exceed the limit specified in Table 2.

table 2

2.3. Trays must be waterproof and withstand hydrostatic tests when loading with the calculated operational load.

Trays must meet the requirements of GOST 13015.0-83:

in terms of the actual strength of concrete (at design age and vacation);

on frost resistance and waterproof concrete;

to the quality of materials used for the preparation of concrete;

to concrete, as well as materials for the preparation of concrete trays used in the conditions of exposure to aggressive soils and groundwater;

to the form and size of reinforcement and mortgage products and their position in the tray;

to stamps steel for reinforcement and mortgage products, including for mounting loops;

to deviate the thickness of the protective layer of concrete;

to protect against corrosion;

upon applying forms for the manufacture of trays.

2.4. Trays should be made of heavy concrete stamps for compressing M300.

2.5. The normalized vacation strength of the concrete should be 70% of the concrete brand for compressive strength.

2.6. Fillers used to prepare concrete trays must satisfy the requirements of GOST 10268-80. The greatest size of the aggregate must be no more than 15 mm.

2.7. Concrete used for the manufacture of trays should prepare on portland cement of the brand not lower than 400 according to GOST 10178-76, and for the manufacture of trays intended for operation in soils with aggressive waters - on sulfate-resistant Portland cement according to GOST 22266-76.

The use of Slagoportland cement, Pozzolan Portland cement, as well as portland cement with active additives is not allowed.

2.8. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the working reinforcement should be at least 15 mm.

For trays operated under the conditions of an aggressive medium, deviations of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement should not be more plus 3 mm.

2.9. Welded reinforcement and mortgage products must meet the requirements of GOST 10922-75.

The longitudinal rods of the grids of unbalanced trays must be performed from the hot-rolled steel periodic profile with a diameter of 6 mm class A-III according to GOST 5781-82.

Transverse reinforcement of trays should be performed from the reinforcement wire of the periodic profile of class BP-1 with a diameter of 5 mm according to GOST 6727-80.

2.1.-2.9. (Modified edition, change of N 1).

2.10. (Excluded, change of N 1).

2.11. On the inner surface of the termination and on the outer surface of the end of the tray in the zone of the sealing materials, there are no influx and centers of concrete, as well as the sinks with a diameter of more than 3 mm and a depth of more than 2 mm. The number of shells on an area of \u200b\u200b0.01 sq.m (100x100 mm) on any site of the specified surface zone should be no more than three. The rest of the concrete surface of the tray must be category A6 according to GOST 13015.0-83.

Fracks are not allowed on the surface of the trays, with the exception of local shrinking cracks with a width of no more than 0.1 mm on the outer surface of the termination and the technological tide in the tray's shell.

(Modified edition, change of N 1).

2.12. Enchantments of fixators in the LDG trays should be made from the Steel Strip of the Vault brand in accordance with GOST 103-76, class A-1 reinforcements according to GOST 5781-82 and weld to the reinforcement grid of the socket.

2.13. Manufacturers of trays should supply trays to consumers complete with sealing materials for sealing of butt compounds: Round-section rubber harnesses according to GOST 6467-79 or rubber porous gaskets according to GOST 19177-81.

2.12, 2.13. (Administered additionally, change of N 1).

3. Acceptance Rules and Test Methods

3.1. The reception of trays should be made by parties in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.1-81 and this standard.

The number of trays in the party must be no more:

200 - for trays with a height of 400-800 mm;

100 - for trays with a height of 1000 mm.

3.2. Acceptance of trays in terms of frost resistance and waterproof concrete should be carried out according to the results of periodic tests.

3.3. Acceptance of trays in terms of their waterproof, concrete strength (grade for compressive strength and vacation strength), compliance of the reinforcement and mortgage products of project documentation, the strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to reinforcement, the width of the shrinkage cracks, concrete category Surfaces should be carried out according to the results of acceptance tests and control.

Waterproof tests should be subjected to 1% of the trays from the party, but at least two trays.

3.4. Acceptance of trays in terms of accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the quality of concrete surfaces controlled by measurements, should be carried out according to the results of single-stage selective control.

3.5. Sizes of trays, position of mounting loops, thickness of the protective layer of concrete to fittings, as well as surface quality and appearance Tracks are checked according to GOST 13015-75.

The wall thickness measurement is performed in the ends of the trays evenly along the perimeter of the tray cross section of at least five points.

The imperpendacularity of the end planes of the tray to its longitudinal axis is determined by measuring the greatest gap between the end plane of the tray and the metallic test coal installed at right angles to the trayboard.

The determination of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete, the size and armature location can also be carried out by translucent ionizing radiation according to GOST 17625-83.

3.6. Concrete strength on compression should be determined according to GOST 10180-78.

Control and assessment of the homogeneity and strength of concrete trays should be made according to GOST 18105.1-80.

In the event that when checking it is established that the actual vacation strength of the concrete trays is lower than the required vacation strength, the supply of trays to the consumer should be made after reaching the concrete of the strength corresponding to the concrete brand for compressive strength.

3.7. The frost resistance of concrete should be determined according to GOST 10060-76, the waterproof of concrete - according to GOST 12730.5-78.

3.1.-3.7. (Modified edition, meas. N 1).

3.8, 3.9 (excluded, meas. N 1).

3.10. Testing trays on waterproof is carried out on a special stand according to the scheme shown in the following, in the following order.

Damn Scheme of hydrostatic test trays for waterproof

Scheme of hydrostatic test tray for water resistance

1 - Test tray; 2 - shortened tray (2 pcs.); 3 - plugs; 4 - Support trays; 5 - gasket.

When transporting trays by rail, their loading and fastening should be carried out in accordance with the existing cargo transportation instructions, approved by the Ministry of Communications.

After the application of each stage of the load, the tray is kept under this load for 15 minutes and the tray is inspected to detect cracks, leaks or wet spots.

The tray, fully filled with water, is kept in the day.

3.11. The batch of trays consider the test for waterproof, if in all trays selected from this batch in the amount established in clause 3.3, after their filling, there will be no filtration of water in the form of wet spots or leaks.

Upon receipt of unsatisfactory test results, at least one tray, a re-test of a double number of samples taken from the same batch is carried out. In the unsatisfactory result of repeated tests, the party is considered not to be tested.

3.10, 3.11. (Modified edition, meas. N 1).

4. Marking, Storage and Transportation

4.1. Tray marking - according to GOST 13015.2-81. Marking inscriptions and signs should be applied on the outer surface of the tray.

4.2. Transportation and storage of trays - according to GOST 13015.4-84 and this standard.

Trays are placed in stacks on special gaskets that exclude the occurrence of space forces, squabbles in different directions. Under the bottom tray installed lining. The height of the stack should not exceed 2 m.

4.1, 4.2. (Modified edition, meas. N 1).

4.3. The passages between the stacks should be arranged in the longitudinal direction through every two adjacent stacks, and in transverse - no less often than in 25 m. The width of the passages should be at least 0.7 m, and the magnitude of the gaps between adjacent stacks is at least 0.2 m.

4.4. Transportation of trays by vehicles should be carried out on cars equipped with special containers.

4.5. Trays are transported both in the worker and in a non-working position (bottom up).

4.4, 4.5. (Modified edition, meas. N 1).

4.6. (Excluded, meas. N 1).

4.7. Requirements for the document on the quality of trays supplied by the consumer - according to GOST 13015.3-81.

(Modified edition, meas. N 1).

The text of the document is drilled by: official publication

M.: Publishing House Standards, 1985

docs.cntd.ru.

Reinforced concrete drainage trays

To remove water from roads and buildings, gaskets different species Communications and Heat products use special protective structures - trays made of high-quality anti-corrosion materials. An important advantage of the progress of the designs is their affordable price, noticeable savings time to carry out construction and installation work. Acquaintance with the classification of protective products will help choose the desired type and size of reinforced concrete trays to solve a specific engineering problem.

1. Technical requirements
2. Types of tray
3. Dimensions
4. Decoding marking
5. Rates

Features and destination

The material is a concrete density of at least 2400 kg / m3, the strengthened vehicle of class A-I, A-II or reinforcement wire B-i. According to the method of manufacture, vibrolynted and vibropressed trays differ. The second type is more resistant to the aggressive influence of the external environment, the concrete on the vibropress is obtained dense, with a uniform structure and low water permeability. The walls of the products are sometimes reinforced with galvanized steel overlays.

To trays, according to GOST 13015.0-83, 10268-80, the following requirements are imposed:

• concrete strength on compression - no less than M300;
• the particle size of the concrete mixture aggregate is a maximum of 15 mm;
• portland cement used - a brand is not lower than M400;
• the thickness of the concrete layer above the reinforcement is at least 15 mm;
• on the working surface there should be no suggestions of concrete, shells with a depth of 2 mm and a diameter of more than 3 mm;
• on the outer surface, the presence of shrinking cracks is not thicker than 0.1 mm.

For the functions performed, protective concrete products are classified as follows:

1. The drainage trays (type L, Series 006.1-2 / 87) - are used to create drainage, sewer and collector networks, serve to transport waste, rinse and rainwater;

2. Cable (UBC type, UBS, a series of drawings 3.006.1-2.87) - Protect from damage Cable channels (electrotechnical, information, communications) and tires laid underground, and are also reliable electrical insulators, preventing the contact of high-voltage power lines. with soil;

3. Heat trays (type L, series 006.1-8) - protect the pipes filled with steam or hot water, from the loss of heat, pressure and shift of soil, corrosion destruction, rodents;

4. Drainage (MZhB) - for removal of rod, melt and rain moisture from houses of houses, car parks, pedestrian zones, road trails, railway canvas;

5. Road (type L, b; Series 503.1-66) - remove water with highways to the slopes;

6. Benefit, interport (MPL, MSL, series 501-68) - to drive water from rail lines.

Reinforced concrete drainage trays can perform various functions. Depending on the purpose of use, execution and method of installation, they are divided into the following groups:

• storm - for collecting and dischargeing a large amount of water formed during torrential rains;
• sewer - transport drainages to collectors;
• telescopic - to collect water on the slopes and mounds and its discharge on a specially reserved area; During the construction of roads with their help create a transverse drainage system;
• plopropusks are gutters to ensure the self-movement of water.

Varieties tray

Industries produced products with rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, elliptical, parabolic cross section. The necessary form is selected depending on the solvable technical tasks.

1. Square or rectangular. The most common type is a box of a P-shaped section resembling a chute. Such a profile has channel trays: cable beams are stacked in them, the gaps are filled concrete mixtureAnd the waterproofing is made using mastic. In drainage systems, the reinforced concrete water pipes of rectangular sections are also used.

2. Triangular. This is the optimal option for storm sewage, laid along the road, a triangular profile is preferable.

3. Trapezoidal. Such a form is peculiar to telescopic drainage trays: laying along the slope, they are inserted into each other. This allows you to withstand water pressure, resulting from the difference in heights.

4. Parabolic. They serve for drainage, drainage, removal of effluents and are supplemented with cast iron grilles, stainless steel, plastic. Fences ensure safety, perform aesthetic role and are an obstacle for garbage. The prodes of parabolic sections are installed on the "pillow" of concrete, the joints are climbing with a solution.

In each of the named groups, there are different modifications - solid, prefabs, wide, narrow, good.

Dimensions Tracks

The size of the product depends on its functional purpose, brand and calculation load. Various length, width, height, wall thickness, volume. Conditionally trays are divided into two categories: standard and non-standard. Guest bribes with such dimensions are the most popular:

• rectangular and square - 2970x420x360; 2970x1840x570; 2970x2780x1060 mm;
• trapezoidal - 2990x280x280; 2990x1180x430; 2990x2080x880 mm;
• parabolic - 720x420x360; 720x1160x1310; 720x2780x1060 mm.

Non-standard trays makes sense to order for large objects, so that the cost of designing and manufacturing equipment has been paid. At the same time, the main parameters must meet general technical requirements.

How are the products marked?

Each series has a specific designation, which is a combination of letters and numbers. In the marking, regulated by state standards, is encrypted type, size, features of structural execution, load index. The following is a few examples of Zbby designations.

1. To insulate the heating mains (for example, L-12-8 / 2). The letter L with the number from the series (12) denotes the size, the number 8 is the calculated load in the TC / M2. Figure 2 after the stroke indicates that the length does not coincide with the standard dimension (6 m), and is ½ of this indicator - 3 m.

2. Trays of water pipes. They are marked with letters B or LT. The B series includes products with such dimensions: length - 1000-2500 mm, width - 375-750, height - 215-450 mm. LT size is somewhat larger: length - 1000-5980, width - 360-1700, height - 80-1000 mm.

3. Cable (for example, UBB.2A). The letter cipher denotes that the product refers to the universal cable, the number 2 is a sizzy (1990x500x160 mm). Lite and denotes that there are mortgage elements (grid and rods).

Cost

Ruby are the most affordable option for arranging the drainage system or drainage. The price depends OT constructive features, settlement load class, bandwidth (hydraulic widths), manufacturing technology. It is desirable to acquire products from the manufacturer: in this case, customs and logistics premiums can be avoided. To make sure the product should be familiar with the certificate for it and quality guarantees from the supplier.

Average prices for trays implemented in the Moscow region are shown in the table.

For the protection of communications from mechanical and corrosion destruction, durable and durable devices are needed. These properties have reinforced concrete trays - they are indispensable when mounting cable systems and pipelines, provide free access to them in emergency situations. In addition, products from reinforced concrete, serve to lead from buildings of rain and melting water.

Appointment, features and varieties

The trays are made of M-200 and above concrete, strengthened by its steel rods from class A-I, A-II reinforcement or wire BP-I. The technological process of vibration pressing allows to obtain a dense reinforced concrete, resistant to aggressive factors of the external environment. According to GOST 21509-85, requirements are presented in the following areas:

• frost resistance and moisture resistance;
• technical characteristics of reinforcement steel;
• concrete layer thickness;
• anticorrosive qualities;
• the initial materials of the concrete mix;
• uniform structure without voids;
• mechanical resistance.

According to the design, the purpose of use, the method of installation of trays belong to the three main types:

• drainage;
• cable;
• for the heating industry.

Washwritten pribments trays

They serve to transport water, differ in purpose and execution and perform the following functions:

• drainage - removal of soil and rain moisture from the ground floor and foundation of the building;
• cappluming - water lead from the road to the slopes;
• telescopic - Channel diversion of moisture from bridges and slopes;
• storm - collection and removal of stormwater;
• sewer - moving wastewater into collectors;
• plopropusks (gutter for drain) - water leads by gravity.

Classification of drainage trays in shape:

• parabolic;
• trapezoidal;
• P-shaped;
• trapezoid and P-shaped with a circular chute.

Depending on the conditions set by the drainage project, they are selected solid or with an opening for vertical drainage. Trays for drains are suitable and prefabricated, various sizes (they are listed in the 3.006.1-2 / 87 series). The marking contains the letter l and two numbers: the first indicates the number in the series, the second is a vertical load on which the tray is calculated (than it is more, the deeper it is mounted). Manufacturers produce their various dimensions, for example, Erba offers products with such parameters: Length 0.72 - 6 m; width 0.4 - 1.84 m; Height 0.38 - 1.32 m.

Heat pipes are protected from corrosion, rodents, heat loss due to the installation of special channels of two types:

• CLP - trays are covered with removable lids;
• CLA - the design form upper and lower trays connected by challers.

The advantages of modern devices before previously used by brick structures:

• simplicity laying;
• low cost;
• high bearing capacity;
• the possibility of mounting in seismicallyactive areas, with weak soil and subsorative waters, this is ensured by deformation seams and waterproofing their bitumen mastic.

In the labeling tray for the heating mains indicate the letter (L or LC), its number from the 3.006.1 series, the calculated load. If the length differs from the standard (6 m), they put a number indicating standard size (2 denotes ½). The width of the products varies from 0.57 to 2.46 m, and the height is from 0.36 to 1.32 m.

The cost of reinforced concrete trays

Before you buy a progress trays, you should choose the product according to the calculated data: maximum load, sizes and form. After that, the products are selected at cost, checking the availability of certificates for them from the manufacturer. The average prices for trays are given in the table.

In the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels there is a need to arrange a heat maintenance, a storm system, sewage channels, a laying of electrical cables and other engineering structures. This requires durable high-quality materials that are reinforced concrete trays.

The use of such structures ensures the stability of various communications to negative environmental factors.

Specifications tray

Reinforced concrete trays are a universal design designed to arrange the territory around buildings, park areas, creating a storm drainage system, gaskets of underground heating mains, cable laying, Protection of communications from exposure to external factors and other things.

1.1 Requirements GOST

Since very large "responsibility" is imposed on this design for the durability and the correct functioning of certain systems, they are made exclusively at special enterprises and must fully comply with the requirements of GOST.

Reinforced concrete products made of reinforced concrete with a density of at least 2400 kg / m 3 of M250 cement and above.

To produce these structures, vibration or vibropress technology is used, which allows maximum strength of the product, as well as its resistance to temperature drops, mechanical and chemical influences.

For production it also uses the class A-I-A-III reinforcement with a cross-sectional diameter of at least 6 mm, according to the requirements of GOST.

Ready reinforced concrete trays must comply with the operational characteristics prescribed in the GOST Rules:

• 0-83;
• 26633-91;
• 10922-90;
• 1-81;
• 21509-76.

Each product, according to the requirements of GOST, must have a definite labeling Based on its purpose:

• LR - trays intended for installation on piles, plates and other hills;
• LRG - products that will be laid in the ground.

The figures involved in the marking indicate the height of the side wall of the product in decimeters.

After manufacture, reinforced concrete trays are a thorough check for compliance with the following requirements of GOST 13015.0-83:

• the actual strength of concrete in the finished design;
• quality and compliance with the standards of materials that were used in production;
• compliance with water resistance requirements;
• resistance to temperature drops;
• compliance of materials and finished product requirements for use under groundwater conditions and aggressive grounded media;
• compliance with the requirements of GOST to form, the diameter of the cross section, the coefficient of reinforcement and the correctness of the position with respect to external planes, reinforcement;
• steel brands, which was used for reinforcement and laying mounting loops;
• compliance with the requirements of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete;
• compliance with the standards of GOST technologies of fill and forms used to fill concrete.

In addition, the GOST rules are prescribed clear dimensions of a particular product.

The length and width of the trays can range from 25 cm to 6 meters, the height of the chute wall is from 6 to 160 centimeters, the weight is from 25 kg to 3-4 tons.

2 types LYBL

GOST regulates not only dimensions, but also the shape of the trays. Depending on the sphere and features of the application, trays may have a rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular cross-section.

1. The trays of a square or rectangular cross section are used mainly for laying under the ground of various pipelines (heating parts, water pipelines, electrical or connected cables). They perform the role of a housing that protects the pipe or cable from negative influences external environment. Elements of the casing are stacked. Shakes are missing cement mortar M-50 and higher brands. After drying the solution, it is waterproofing the design by any waterproofing means.
2. Trapezoid trays drainage concrete usually apply when building roads and bridges, Namely, the improvement of drainage and storm sewage. When installing, the waterproof trays are inserted into the grooves and dial into one common channel from the top of the drainage point down the slope. Thanks to this method of docking, they got the name of telescopic or prefabricated. Open areas, in particular, the entry point of the storm sewage is closed with a grid.
3. Semicircular or parabolic trays are also used for storm sewage, drainage and drainage. They have a more aesthetic appearance, so more often found at the cottage territories and in park areas. Plopropusters are closed with steel or cast iron grille. Her task is to give additional aesthetics and coarse filtering of stormwater from a large crash.

2.1 Advantages of Application Label

Inexperienced, or lazy builders believe that the chute, for example, can be poured for storm sewage directly on construction sites.

The thought is not deprived of common sense, but it is worth understanding that it will not be possible to withstand all the requirements in this case. Consequently, the product will last much less and will not be able to fully fulfill the tasks assigned to it.

1. Create a protective casing from moisture ingress and further corrosion. Label products are used for laying various engineering networks, including heat mains, gas pipelines, electrical networks. Moisture ingress and contact with an aggressive medium of such communications can lead to unpredictable tragic consequences. Laying engineering networks in reinforced concrete casing completely solves this problem.
2. Protection against aggressive chemical medium. In the soils often contain various chemically active elements. In addition, they can fall into soils out. Zhlb, according to GOST, is processed by special compounds, therefore, they are able to withstand the chemical and active media.
3. Tightness. The housing of the Zhlba for underground gaskets of the heating main or power grid, it turns out absolutely hermetic. Due to this, absolute protection against groundwater is ensured.
4. Resistance to temperature drops. Thanks to this property, reinforced concrete trays can be used both outdoors and underground, As well as for the arrangement of storm sewage, without the concern of the destruction of the material with severe frosts or sharp drops of temperature.
5. Ease of maintenance and replace individual elements. The design of the Zhlb is thought out so that the replacement of individual elements of the channels required special equipment, skills and large number time.

2.2 Scope of application Lable

The total array of reinforced concrete trays is divided into three main subgroups for the scope of application:

1. The drainage trays are used to arrange water channels, drainage, sewer and collector systems. Widely used both in the construction of residential buildings and park areas, and to create drainage systems from automotive and railways, bridges, etc. Such trays are usually supplied with a filtration grid.
2. Reinforced concrete trays for heating parts. These designs protrude with housings to protect the heat mains, pipelines with hot water and steam from contact with thales and underground waters, aggressive media and, as a result, prevent corrosion.
3. Trays for laying cables. Designed for protected gasket, especially underground, electrical cables and communication cables.