How to choose a staircase to the second floor. How to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor: tips and tricks

A staircase is one of the most important elements of a summer cottage or country house... It not only fulfills its functions, but also decorates the interior of the home. The staircase structure is a capital structure, therefore, its choice must be taken very seriously. Let's talk about which staircase to choose for a private house.

Standards, criteria

The requirements for a staircase are as follows:

Reliability to minimize the risk of injury.
Durability - You are unlikely to enjoy constant renovations.
Aesthetics, compliance with the style in which the interior is sustained.

Choosing the right design is a lot of technical issues that need to be considered.

How to choose a staircase to the second floor: classification by device

Ladder structures for private houses are divided into the following categories:

On kosoura. The material of manufacture is wood, concrete or metal.
On bowstrings. This complex construction fixed on the inside of the beam.
On the bolts. Products are made of steel or wood. All components are connected by means of bolts.
Screw. They consist of handrails, steps and posts. As a rule, they are made of wood or metal.

On kosoura

This is the most popular type of staircase construction. The prevalence is explained by the fact that different sizes of the stairs are possible, which means that it can easily be entered into both a spacious and a cramped room.

Important! These ladders are highly durable and are considered the safest.

The product can be manufactured with or without risers. There are such configurations of kosour:

Screw.
Broken lines.
Straight.

Important! Such a variety of options makes it possible to create a unique design according to your own sketch. For example, for a house designed in a classic style, a stone or wooden staircase with risers is appropriate.

On bowstrings

This graceful structure is a true piece of architectural art, emphasizing the refined taste and sense of beauty of the owners. It differs in the following features:

A complex but extraordinarily beautiful device.
Ergonomics, convenience.

Important! Ladders on bowstrings fit perfectly into both classic and modern interior styles. They can be used both in private homes and in public areas (for example, in museums). The steps are fastened to the support beam, with inside.

On the bolts

Most of the structures on the bolts are made of metal, but there are also wooden options... The connection of the ladder elements is done using bolts and pins. Such a ladder looks quite simple, as if it were suspended in the air, but it is able to withstand significant (about 200 kg) loads.

The steps can be made closed or open. They can have a fancy shape, at the request of the customer.

Important! Another important plus of devices on bolts is their high maintainability. The ability to disassemble the structure and make repairs is its main advantage.

Screw

Spiral staircases are installed in houses and apartments. Their main advantage is space saving, so it is possible to fit them even into a small room.

There are such types of spiral staircases:

Square.
Octagonal.
Round.

At one end, the step is fixed to the wall, and at the other end to the rack located in the center.

Materials (edit)

Now let's take a closer look at the options for using materials.

Wooden

Natural wood takes one of the first places among the materials used for the manufacture of stairs. Wood is durable, reliable, easy to process.

Important! The most common are two-march designs.

Depending on the method of attachment, the devices are divided:

Single-frame (one end of the step is attached to the wall, and the other is attached to the stringer).
Double-stranded (steps with both ends rest on bowstrings or stringers).
Sour-free. One end of the step is attached to the wall, while the other is left unsupported.

Important! When installing ladderless ladders, the thickness brick wall should be at least 1.5 times the width of the brick. This is the only way to ensure reliable fastening of the steps.

Size standards:

The minimum width of stairs made of wood is 80 cm, the smallest depth of steps is 30 cm. This is dictated by considerations of convenience and safety of movement.
The average step height is 15 cm. If necessary, it can be slightly larger.

Metallic

Compared to wood, metal products are stronger and more durable, and can withstand heavy loads. The safety performance of a metal structure is higher than that of a wooden one. This means that it is almost ideal for living quarters.

Important! Application as a whole metal structures- a rarity. More often, metal is combined with plastic, wood, stone or glass. This makes it possible to make the structure lighter without sacrificing its practicality. For example, a staircase on a frame made of metal, plastic, glass or wood looks very aesthetically pleasing.

The advantages of metal structures are:

Strength.
Long working life.
Variety of design solutions.
Acceptable price.
Possibility of combining straight and curved elements.

The metal has only one drawback: the high labor intensity of covering the stairs with a protective compound. This disadvantage is very significant - the slightest mistake in applying a protective coating can cause corrosion.

Important! All elements of the metal staircase are connected by welding. To make the product look presentable, it is advisable to entrust its manufacture to professionals. Rough welds are not very attractive to say the least. A metal ladder can be purchased as a ready-made kit or ordered according to an individual design.

How to choose a staircase to the second floor for a house: style solutions

The advice for choosing a style is trivial and simple: choose the style of the product in such a way that it the best way combined with the interior of an apartment or house. Let's consider the basic style solutions in order to understand which staircase to choose for a private house.

Classic

Discreet beauty, strict geometry, laconicism and solidity - this is the secret of the success of the classic solution. Such items are decorated with semi-antique stucco and carved elements.

Vintage

The signs of this style are:

Pretentiousness of lines.
Artificially aged surfaces.

Such a staircase makes the room look nice and cozy. True, the entourage should also correspond to the “vintage” concept. An elegant staircase design will look great with antique furniture, worn tapestries and frescoes. The material of manufacture is wood or stone.

High tech

Materials associated with “high tech” style are plastic, glass and chrome metal. The characteristic features of this style are:

Lack of decor, which is compensated by the unusual lines.
Simplicity and laconic design.

Important! It is a mistake to believe that high-tech is the dominance of neutral shades. The multi-colored construction (as an option - from colored glass or plastic) will be a great accent in the room.

Provence

This rustic, cozy style is characterized by an abundance of textiles in the interior. The ladder is no exception. For example, carpet can be used as textiles. As for the materials of manufacture, natural stone or solid wood (pine, oak, alder, birch) is most appropriate.

American style

This is a luxurious, expensive, bourgeois style, although, according to its adherents, "it's worth it." The staircase is made of expensive wood, decorated with rich carvings, ornaments and emblems.

Loft

This is a kind of "bridge" between the past and the present. Stone, wood, metal and glass are combined in the most unimaginable way. Despite its deliberate simplicity and rudeness, this style is considered luxurious and sophisticated, worthy of wealthy people.

How to use the space under the stairs?

A staircase to the second floor in a living space is not just a convenience. This is a chance to play up the space of the room in an unusual way. So how can you use the space underneath a staircase?

Storage of things that are not constantly used. These can be convenient open shelves, drawers or a wardrobe. Interesting idea- to arrange a wine cellar under the stairs.
Resting place or sports section for kids. What could be better than your own space, where no one will interfere with children's games? There are many options here: a home library, a gymnasium or a miniature winter garden.
Functional space. When decorating a room in the Loft style, the staircase to the second floor can be located in the kitchen. It is convenient to place a refrigerator, microwave oven or washing machine under it. If the staircase is located in the hallway, you can equip a bathroom, laundry or ironing room under it.
Space for pets. Place a cascading platform for a cat or a dog kennel under the stairs - the animal will be delighted.

Video

Which staircase to choose for a private house is a matter of taste and financial possibilities. Before finally settling on one or another option, consult a specialist.

A properly designed staircase fits perfectly into the interior and is as easy to use as possible.

The staircase allows you to organize access to the upper floors of the building, and it is also part of the interior. With its help, you can give the room your own special style. The calculation of the stairs to the second floor can be done independently if you know how.

Calculation of stairs, highlights

Is it possible to do without the help of qualified specialists in the calculation? Can. In order to calculate the stairs to the second floor, you need a desire and basic knowledge of school geometry. Although the advice of professionals will not hurt. You can also use special computer programs for the calculation.

What is important for calculating a staircase? The correct calculation of the staircase is carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the layout and the size of the rooms. This will affect the choice of location and type of staircase. Do not forget that not only the area on the first floor is important for the interfloor staircase, but also the ability to provide a convenient staircase on the upper level.

Staircase in plan two-storey house.

At the first stage, you need to take into account the following points:

height from the first floor to the second (room height);
total area of premises (first and second levels);
the location of the bearing and interior walls;
the location of door and window openings.

This will allow you to determine the size of the area that can be allocated for the construction of the stairs, the size of the opening for access to the second floor and select the optimal model.

If the area for installing the stairs has dimensions of 160x160 cm or more, then it is better to choose a marching staircase. If you have a more modest area, then you will have to limit yourself to a screw design.

The spiral staircase can be easily placed in the corner of the room.

Straight stairs

A straight flight of stairs (span) is the simplest option for installation and calculation. This shape is very convenient for a wooden structure. Straight flights have one drawback - their installation requires a significant area of the premises.

To use the space rationally, a place under the stairs is often equipped with a closet, offices and even restrooms.

Generally accepted norms and building standards will help to correctly draw up a project and accurately perform the calculation. For example, if the staircase has an interlevel landing, then its width should correspond to the span width. In this case, the minimum width of the march is 0.7 m. One person can go down or go up such a ladder.

For the comfortable movement of two people, as well as for convenient transportation of bulky items to the second floor, for example, furniture, household appliances, the width of the staircase should be greater - from 1.2 to 1.4 m.

Addiction bandwidth and the convenience of the stairs from the width of the march.

The length of one straight section with steps should not exceed 3 m (the minimum size is approximately 1.5 m). The steps must be of the same height and depth.

Swivel stairs

In order to save space in the house, most stairs to the second floor have to be done with turning sections. The easiest way to turn is to mount the platform. There are U-shaped and L-shaped designs, where the turn is realized with the help of winder steps.

Important parameters of the staircase to be calculated:

tilt angle value;
the size of the site between marches;
step height;
the depth of straight and run-in (if any) steps;
the parameters of the fence.

The angle of inclination of the flight of stairs

The angle of inclination of the stairs is the angle between the flight of stairs and the horizontal (floor). It is he who is primarily responsible for the convenience of the staircase. The angle of inclination should allow the person to easily descend / climb stairs.

Depending on the angle of inclination, the ladder is used for one purpose or another.

The building codes and regulations (SNiP) determine the optimal parameters of the stairs: the most convenient and safest are ladder structures with an angle of inclination in the range of 30-45 degrees. It is these slopes that are chosen for indoor and outdoor stationary stairs. If this angle is less than 20 degrees, a ramp is installed.

How the step parameters are calculated

When calculating a staircase to the second floor, two values are important: the height of the tread and the depth of the tread (the horizontal platform of the step). These parameters determine the degree of comfort and safety when moving (going up / down) stairs. It is important to determine them correctly, since these values are involved in the calculation of the structure.

It is convenient to climb the steps when there is no need to artificially increase or decrease the stride length. Average length the step when moving along the horizontal plane is 63-64 cm, and when lifting - and 31.5-32 cm.

The step size of the average person.

Based on these data, the height of the riser is most often in the range from 12 to 20 cm (the optimal size is 14-17 cm). The optimal tread depth is determined from 25 to 30 cm.The maximum step depth during the construction of stairs is 32 cm.

Often, in order to save space when installing staircase structures, they use models with one step overhanging another. This type of tread gives the staircase a lighter and more beautiful appearance.

Calculation of the dimensions of the steps of the staircase

Consider the option of calculating the main parameters for simple example... The optimal ratios of the height and depth of the step, which are used when designing stairs (cm): 19/27, 18/28, 17/29 and 16/30. The ideal option is 17/29 cm.

We use this ratio to calculate such important structural parameters as the angle of inclination, the length of the march, the total number of steps.

It is easy to calculate the number of steps: the floor height (for example, 270 cm) must be divided by the step height (17 cm): 270/17 = 15.9. We discard the fractional part, we get the number of steps on the flight of stairs (15 pieces). If the number is fractional, you can make the first or last step slightly higher or slightly lower than the others.

To eliminate the difference, you can also install a special podium under the stairs.

We clarify the height of the steps. To do this, divide the height of the room by the number of steps: 270/15 = 18 cm.Thus, the height of each step is 18 cm.

The depth is calculated based on the horizontal step width. For the calculation, we choose a step equal to 63 cm.From this value, we subtract twice the height of the tread: 63-2x18 = 27 cm.

We calculate the area and angle of inclination

Now you can calculate how much area the stairs to the second floor will take. It is necessary to determine the area of the projection of the flight of stairs on the horizontal plane. It has the shape of a rectangle, one of the sides of which is equal to the width of the steps (d), and the second (b) is the projection of the length of the march onto the horizontal.

Formula for the area of a rectangle: S = b x d.

The length of the larger side of the rectangle (b) is obtained by multiplying the depth of the steps by their number: 27x15 = 405 cm. The smaller side of the rectangle (d) is equal to the width of the stairs and is chosen independently. It should be borne in mind that the minimum size for the movement of one person is 70 cm, for two at least 100 cm.

For convenience, the staircase in the drawings should be presented in 3 projections.

Now you can start calculating the length of the staircase. In this simple calculation, the well-known school formula (the Pythagorean theorem) will come to the rescue. The length of the march is the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle (c), the legs of which are the height of the room (a) and the horizontal projection of the span (b):

c2 = a2 + b2 = 2702 + 4052

And the desired length (hypotenuse) is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the legs, i.e. s = 486.7 cm or 486 cm (the fractional part is not taken into account).

To determine the value of the angle of inclination of the stairs, you will have to recall the school course of trigonometry: the sine of the desired angle is equal to the ratio of the height of the floor (a) to the length of the flight of stairs (c):

cos (α) = a / c, α = arcos (a / c)

After performing calculations using these formulas, we determine the angle of inclination - 370.

Convenient service for calculating staircase structures

Walling

When developing a staircase project to the second floor, it is worth paying attention to the fence in order to install it correctly. The following dimensions are important for installation:

the height of the baluster;
the length and width of the railing.

Fences are an important element. Their standard height(including handrails) should be from 90 to 100 cm. If there are children in the house, additional handrails (70-75 cm) should be provided. The design and material of the fence can be anything.

For stair railings not only reliability is important, but also convenience.

If you build a ladder according to all standards and rules, then it will be comfortable, durable, safe and will last a long time.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Teacher of History and Theory of Culture ”. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

Comments 1

In order to choose a staircase to the house, you need to decide on the following parameters:

The location of the stairs: in the house or on the street;
Ladder shape: straight, spiral or rotary;
If the staircase is with a turn, then what is the design of the turn: a platform or winders;
Steps material: wood, metal, glass, stone;
Frame material: fully wooden staircase or on a metal frame;
The staircase is open (without risers) or closed (with risers);
Frame construction: bowstrings, stringers, bolts;
Fencing design;

Now, let's take a closer look at each item.

Straight, swivel or helical?

Whether to make a straight staircase or with a turn depends on the layout of the room in which the staircase is located. A straight staircase is easier to manufacture and cheaper than the same rotary or spiral staircase. However, in order to make it convenient to walk up the stairs, an opening in the ceiling must be at least 3 meters long. Plus, you need a place in front of the stairs on the first and second floor. If the layout of your house allows you to install a straight staircase, you need to install it. A swing staircase is more difficult to manufacture and more expensive than a straight staircase, but it is much easier to fit it into the layout. The swing ladder can be positioned in the corner of the house or in the stairwell.

A spiral staircase differs from a rotary staircase in that the turning part of the steps is straight, and in the spiral staircase all the steps are run-down (triangular). Thanks to this, the spiral staircase takes up the least space, but at the same time it is also the most inconvenient for walking staircase option. When choosing a spiral staircase, it should be borne in mind that it is very difficult to carry furniture or some other dimensional objects along it.

L-shaped or U-shaped?

If you decide to make a staircase with a turn, you need to determine how much the staircase turns. The angle of rotation of the stairs is the angle between the direction of ascent of the lower and upper flight, as viewed from above (in plan). The angle of rotation, in principle, can be any, but the most common are two options: rotation by 90 degrees and 180 degrees. Ladders with a turn of 90 degrees are called L-shaped, 180 - U-shaped. Such names came from the fact that on the plan the staircase looks like, respectively, the Russian letter G or P. In English literature, L-shaped and U-shaped stairs are called, respectively, U-turn and L-turn. The choice of an L-shaped or U-shaped staircase again depends on the layout of your house and on your preferences.

Playground or race?

The turn of the staircase can be done through the landing, or through the run-in (triangular) steps. What to choose depends, first of all, on the availability of space for the stairs and the size of the opening. It is more convenient to walk on a staircase with a platform, but it takes up more space and requires, if the opening is larger than a staircase with a run. Running stairs look more impressive than landing stairs, but they are not as comfortable to walk and cost more. The general rule for choosing a staircase is this: if the sum of the length and width of the opening for the staircase is more than 3.5 meters, you can consider both the one and the other design of the turn. If less, then your choice is a running staircase.

Step material

Depending on the purpose and design of the stairs, steps can be made of wood, metal, glass or stone. For internal stairs in a private house, as a rule, wooden or marble steps are used. If the interior is decorated in high-tech or loft style, a staircase with metal or glass steps will look great.

For outdoor stairs, the most preferable steps are metal steps, metal trough steps faced with tiles or granite, as well as terrace board steps.

In a country house, you cannot do without a staircase to the second floor. It is best to decide on the type, design and materials of the model at the stage of building a dwelling. Fitting it into a limited space when the house is ready is much more difficult.

Ladder construction

Stairs in a residential building are solid structures that are attached to the floor, walls or ceiling. Their main function is to ensure the movement of residents between floors.

In addition to fulfilling its main purpose, the structure must:

be comfortable and safe;
harmoniously fit into the interior;
correspond to a single color scheme.

Today there is an unlimited choice of staircase structures made of various materials.

The choice of configuration depends on:

the size of the room;
style and design;
wishes of the owners.

They are subdivided depending on the purpose, functionality and other criteria.

Types of stairs

When designing a structure and determining its dimensions, first of all, they are guided by the area of the dwelling.

In a house with a large area, the structure can be placed in the center of the living room, if there is little space - in the hallway or in the corner of the living room.

There are three main types of stairs for the home:

spiral, or screw;
on the bolts;
marching.

Screw, or spiral

The principle of their structure is very simple: the steps in the form of wedges are attached around a post or post. It is a pipe and is made of metal. With the narrow side, the steps are attached to the post, and the wide side - to the railing post or wall. There are usually no risers.

Main pluses:

showiness;
compactness;
small size;
great view.

Important points about spiral staircases:

For the convenience and safety of lifting, the central width of the steps is designed not less than 20-25 cm.The wide part should be no more than 40 cm.
The materials for manufacturing are most often wood or metal.
The structure can be placed both against the wall and in the middle of the room. Such models are installed less often than straight ones. The movement on a screw specimen is quite difficult, it requires accuracy and care.
Such stairs are suitable as auxiliary stairs for descending or ascending to the basement and attic. They are good for rooms where there is no room for conventional straight structures. It is rare to find specimens with a diameter of more than 3 meters. Experienced master uses a large opening for the cruise model.
The models are quite compact, they take up little space, but it must be borne in mind that the smaller the opening, the steeper the staircase.

The main reason why spiral structures are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of solid support.

children;
aged people.

Despite the complexity of manufacturing, the screw model can be considered an excellent option for both modern and classic styles.

On the bolts

Models get their name from German word, in translation meaning a pin or a bolt. It will not work to install a structure of this type in the center of the room. The steps and the fence are mounted using bolts. There must be a wall on one side. Or the steps lie on steel supports in the form of rods.

Such an instance is good for rooms where you need:

compactness;
weightlessness;
ease of construction.

Important points of the stairs on the bolts:

The bolts are attached using rubber gaskets, they allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation. This option is attractive because it allows maximum light to penetrate into the room.
Models are equipped with graceful curved railings, the presence of stringers or bowstrings is not typical for them.
Despite the visual lightness of the design, such specimens are very reliable and durable. One stage can withstand a load weighing more than 1500 kg.

Experiments will help create a unique option for the home:

with a base;
form;
lighting.

Buildings are becoming more widespread. Products with handrails are especially popular, which take some of the load onto themselves.

Marching

A widespread and demanded version of stairs, designed taking into account the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable and safe movement. Ideal for rooms where there is ample space.

Main advantages:

reliability;
relatively low cost.

Important points about mid-flight stairs:

Models consist of marches, the number of which depends on the layout and the number of floors in the house. The purpose of the premises also matters.
Each span contains from 3 to 15 steps. If you do not follow these rules, then it will be difficult to climb such a structure.
Usually a flight of stairs is 10-11 steps. Longer buildings are divided into 2 parts at special intervals. Their sizes are multiples of a step. Such specimens are already called two-march.

When determining the parameters, it is necessary to take into account the area and height of the ceilings of the room. The location of the second floor plays an important role.

Such stairs vary in shape and are:

Straight. They are the most durable and comfortable. They are distinguished by their simplicity of design.
Swivel (L-shaped or U-shaped). With the number of steps more than 18, the march must be divided into two parts and the platform must be installed. The design is called rotary. Such models are installed along the walls, under them you can place a pantry or utility room.
Curved. The peculiarity of this form is that the width of the narrow end of the steps must be at least 10 cm. On stairs with winders going up and down is uncomfortable, legs do not feel the necessary support.

According to the methods of fastening the steps, two types of products are distinguished:

On kosoura - steps are laid on top of the beams, risers are mounted from the end. Instances of this type are not as popular as bowstrings. Made of wood, they look perfect. Such designs are good for country-style rooms.
On the bowstrings - grooves are made on the inside of the supporting element for fastening the steps. The base - the supporting part of the structure - are inclined beams that run along the entire length of the flights. The thickness of the beams is more than 6 cm. Basically, the overall structures are bowstring (their width is 2 meters or more).

You will also have to choose the type of steps:

Details with risers are massive and fit perfectly into a classic interior.
Without them, they are suitable for a modern style due to their light construction.

The variant of the marching structure can be selected even for small-sized premises.

Design and norms

The construction of stairs to the second floor of a private house should be treated with special attention.

The creation process includes three stages:

development of drawings;
manufacturing of parts and assemblies;
installation of the structure at the installation site.

Requirements to be observed when designing:

maximum reliability;
safe slope;
safety of approach and movement;
convenient location of the railings;
the correct ratio of the width and height of the steps;
adequate lighting.

The optimum tilt angle is 30-45 degrees. The steeper specimens are dangerous to descend.

Before developing a drawing, it is necessary to study the building codes for stairs:

Height, width, depth of steps should not change along the entire length of the structure. This ensures safe and comfortable driving.
If the staircase goes to the door, then a platform with a width of at least a meter is equipped.
The recommended number of steps for one march - 18 pcs., Winders - 16 pcs.
The size of the tread is measured along the midline of the step. With a staircase width of 1000 mm, and a tread along the centerline of 200 mm, the turning radius should be at least 1000 + (200 x 2) = 1400 mm.
The clearance, or the distance from the step to the ceiling, must be at least 2 meters. In this case, a tall person will not bend over.

How wide should the stairs be

Before building stairs in a cottage on the second floor you need to read the rules.

the width of the opening for straight flights should be from 900 mm, for screw flights - from 800 mm;
the fence is selected with a height of 900 mm, with a structure with a height of more than 6 meters - from one meter. It is better to provide it on both sides of the building.

When constructing a structure, in the drawings, the dimensions of the elements of the steps should be taken into account:

The width of the treads is chosen in the range from 260 mm to 350 mm, so that an adult's foot fits on them. This will relieve tension in the calf muscles as you climb the march.
The height of the steps is from 125 mm to 200 mm. The best option is drawings with a width of 300 mm, a height of 150 mm.
The recommended depth of straight steps is from 200 to 400 mm (optimal - from 250 to 320 mm). For models with winding steps from narrow to wide - from 100 to 400 mm, in the middle 200-250 mm. Overhang of treads up to 50 mm is possible.
The total size of the tread and the two heights of the steps should be the length of the middle step, approximately 650 mm.

Manufacturing materials

For the manufacture of staircase structures for cottages or multi-level apartments, various materials and their combinations are used.

Metal

Metal as a material for the manufacture of stairs is durable and long-lasting. Instances from it are appropriate in any interior, regardless of the area of the room.

The material is indispensable for the installation of an external structure:

to the top floor;
attic;
attic.

Staircase structures can be made entirely of metal or have only a base made of it.

Metal models are:

welded;
forged.

By type of structure:

on two stringers;
on 1 stringer.

At the base of the structure there is a strong metal beam, I-beam or channel, which carries the maximum load. Steps are attached to it.

Strengths a ladder like this:

durability;
compactness;
weightlessness.

Instances of stainless steel do not corrode and will last half a century, preserving the original appearance... Chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

Metal is often combined with other materials:

tree;
glass;
concrete.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the structure and its details any shape. Vintage staircase with wrought iron handrails looks light and elegant.

Glass

Glass models are designed to dominate the interior and decorate it. If design comes first, these designs have no competitors. For daily use, it is recommended to build another, functional and comfortable staircase.

Instances made of glass will become an important part of interiors in styles:

bionics;
high tech;
minimalism;
techno.

With the help of such a model, you can harmonize objects and surfaces made of metal, wood and stone that are present in the house.

Building advantages:

original appearance;
strength.

Structures are divided into 2 types:

Prefabricated - attached to the wall with a metal support. Steps are made of glass, they are mounted on bolts or used on screw structures. The design of the stairs to the second floor in tandem with metal is very harmonious. The material enhances the gloss effect and makes the fragile product durable.
Welded - more reliable, withstand heavy loads. The steps of the buildings are held on kosoura. For safety, the surface should be equipped with an anti-slip coating.

Glass structures can be damaged if strong blow, noticeable scratches appear on their surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to install hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered more reliable, but it tends to darken over time.

Wood

The tree is considered the best material for stairs intended for installation in a private house. The material is suitable for any buildings, as marching ones - it looks the most organic. For country or American style, such a solution is irreplaceable.

The tree has a lot of positive properties, such as:

environmental friendliness;
naturalness;
availability;
long service life;
light weight compared to other materials;
the possibility of combining.

Imagining a staircase in a house creates the image of a solid wood structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or simple wood.

The best options are:

nut;
ash.

The pine is not strong enough for the required load.

The varnish coating will protect the wood from negative impact the environment, but it will have to be updated regularly. This type of product will appeal to connoisseurs natural wood and simplicity of design.

Stone

Stone - best material for the creation of external and internal staircase structures. Such a copy will complement the interior of a room in which luxury reigns.

The design can be made from:

granite;
slate;
marble of various shades;
quartzite or limestone.

Granite staircases differ:

strength and resistance to adverse external influences;
retain their original appearance for a long time.

Buildings with steps made of crumb natural stones, strong and durable.

Marble has a stunning deep texture to suit any decor. As a stair cover, it wears out quickly, literally after a few years.

Building advantages:

strength;
ease of installation;
attractive appearance;
compactness;
relatively affordable price.

Products made of granite or quartzite will last longer. A more economical and lightweight option is a copy with stone overlays for steps.

Stone models are often combined with metal handrails and can fit into many styles.

Calculations and dimensions

To understand how much space a building will take, it is necessary to make a competent calculation and identify how and where it is best to arrange it. When drawing up a drawing, do not forget about the thickness of the material. The work done will otherwise be performed incorrectly.

To obtain additional data, several formulas are used:

Pythagorean theorem. a2 + b2 = c2. With its help, the length of the span is calculated for straight models. Where a, b are the height of the opening and the length of the staircase projection(meters for it on the floor), c - span length.
The calculation of the number of steps (K) is carried out based on the planned height of the step (h) and the opening (H): K = H / h. The parameter h is chosen taking into account the comfortable raising of the leg to a height.
Comfortable travel formula. It is based on the average human step of 600-640 mm (P), the planned height of the riser (h) and the depth of the tread (t): P = 2h + t. A formula is applied to find an indicator of the dimensions of a step in conjunction with another.
The calculation of the span length c = K × t can be obtained by determining the number and depth of the step as a result of multiplication.
Passage height is an important indicator for safe and comfortable travel. The recommended figure (1900-2000 mm) is subtracted from the opening height. The result is divided by the planned riser height, increased by the tread thickness. It turns out the number of steps in the overlap area of the second floor. The rest are located under the opening.

There are no restrictions in the field of design and selection of material for the structure.

Spiral staircase

The calculation of the data for the spiral staircase is carried out according to a different formula, but the requirements for ergonomics remain the same.

For convenience, it is considered using an example: the height of the opening H = 2800 mm (2.8 m), the width of the stairs S = 1000 mm (1 m), the diameter of the pillar for the support d = 200 mm (0.2 m):

The diameter of the model is calculated (D = 2 × S + d): 1 × 2 + 0.2 = 2.2 m.
A circle with this diameter is drawn. The radius R is calculated (R = D / 2): 2.2 / 2 = 1.1 m.
A circle with a diameter of d = 0.2 m is inscribed in the center of the circle.Its radius is determined by r 0.2 / 2 = 0.1 m.
A circle with a radius R1 is drawn. This is the middle of the steps or the middle line of climbing the stairs. R1 = S / 2 + r: ½ + 0.1 = 0.6 m. The width for the run-in tread s at this distance is recommended to be set 200-250 mm (0.2-0.25 m). In the example, s = 0.25 m.
The number of steps is considered n = 2ΠR1 / s: n = 2 × 3.14 × 0.6 / 0.25 = 15.072. As a result - 15 pcs.
A circle with radius R1 is divided into 15 equal parts.
Passage height (full turn) H1. The range is 1900-2000 mm. Take, for example, 2000 mm (2 m) and a step thickness of 50 mm (0.05 m). The height of the full turn H1 will be equal to: 2 + 0.05 = 2.05 m.

Marching

It is very easy to determine the size and the possibility of installing a staircase in a particular room. The width of the model depends on the wishes of the homeowner.

Marching copies are divided into:

straight;
rotary with platforms;
staircases with run-in steps.

Straight. The most simple construction for calculation and installation, even an inexperienced carpenter can make a drawing.

Calculated:

span length:
number of steps:
their depth and height;
the width is determined.

The number of steps depends on how many marches there will be. In operation, these structures are the most convenient and safe. The installation of such buildings requires a lot of space.

For direct flights, fastening methods are used:

stringers;
bowstring;
boltsovye.

A long structure must be divided into two parts and the turn must be made with winding steps or a platform.

Swivel with platforms. Structures are installed to save space and ensure comfortable movement. The turntable, where you can rest while lifting, provides convenience. Its dimensions should not be less than the span width. The rotation is carried out by 90˚ or 180˚.

Ladders of this type are two- or three-flight.

Calculations are carried out according to the previously presented formulas.

Ladders with winder steps. A variation of the previous model, only steps are mounted instead of platforms. In such designs, the treads are in the form of a truncated triangle.

Structures allow you to save extra 1.5-2 sq. m. For independent design, they are very difficult. You can use design programs or an online calculator that will give you a drawing and detailing. You will have to manually link the scheme to the floor plan.

Which staircase is better to choose to the second floor

Today the market provides unlimited options for the choice of staircase designs. The emphasis should be on the shape of the structure. The main thing is to take into account everything important points.

Among the owners of private houses, models of the following types have gained popularity:

straight one-march;
two-march;
rotary, or cross-country;
screw;
modular on stringers or bolts.

The installation of the stairs can be divided into stages.

First, a number of important actions are taken:

The place for the location of the structure is determined.
The type of structure, design and material from which the structure will be erected is selected.
The number of steps, their height and width are counted.
The installation is carried out after the completion of construction and finishing works, outdoor and indoor. The staircase should be included in the design of the house. It is necessary to calculate the location of the beams and what supports will be.
It is necessary to measure the size of the opening for it and determine the angle of inclination.
All safety measures (fences) are taken into account.
It is important to think over the strengthening of the structure, to choose the most optimal one. When the wall is far away, the structure is fastened both from below and from above. So that it does not creak or loosen, metal fasteners are needed.
After that, you can proceed with the installation. It is better to entrust the work to professionals.

Ladder construction videos

A variety of stair designs are presented in this video.

A staircase is not a luxury, but a means of transportation in a private home.

And the richer, more beautiful and more unusual it looks, the more creative and interesting the whole interior looks.

But how do you combine design and functionality?

Let's figure it out right now!

What are the stairs to the second floor?

There are two main types of stairs:

Marching

These are stairs consisting of straight blocks (flights) without any twists and turns. The bulk of the stairs in the premises are marching. They are easy to manufacture but require installation space.

Screw

A spiral staircase is a staircase whose steps are placed around an axis. The main advantage of this type of stairs is that they take up little space (as a rule) and they can be used even in narrow multi-storey spaces (earlier such stairs were used in towers).

What is the difference between a straight staircase and a swing staircase?

In the number of spans.

Straight

it simple staircase, which connects two floors with one block. The space required for its installation directly depends on the angle of inclination of the ladder: the steeper the slope, the less space is required (and the harder it is to climb such a ladder).

Swivel

A swivel staircase provides for one or more turns. For this, marches are used, between which a span is located. Such stairs are found in houses with very high ceilings, as they reduce the area occupied by the stairs.

What kind of staircase designs are there? (photo examples)

The construction of a staircase is how the step is attached to each other.

Kosour

Kosour is a supporting structure on top of which steps are attached. Kosoura can be double-sided (i.e. located along the edges of the steps) or center (located in the center under the steps).

Bowstring

A bowstring ladder is a type of supporting fastening of steps, in which they are inserted with their ends into an inclined beam. Two bowstrings are often used, but in some cases a wall may be used instead of one of the beams.

Bolza

Bolts are metal rods or brackets that fasten the steps together. Ladders of this kind are the least cumbersome. However, due to the popularity of this type of fastening in the recent past, these stairs are often associated with the word "renovation".

What materials are the stairs made of to the second floor?

Material is not only safety, strength, reliability and functionality of the stairs, but also its appearance.

The main materials from which the stairs to the second floor are made are as follows:

Wood

Warm, cozy, "home" and very pliable material, from which you can make a staircase of any design. Wood is the basic material for styles such as country, classic, eco, and, in some cases, etc.

Metal

Outdoor stairs are made of metal, as it is a practical and durable material. But recently, there has been a tendency to make of metal and internal staircases to the second floor.

Most often, metal staircases are spiral, forged, with ornate railings and graceful steps. However, depending on the general style of decoration of the room, they can be geometrically more regular in shape.

Glass

Designers began to use glass for the manufacture of steps and stairs quite recently, therefore a glass staircase is an attribute modern styles decoration of premises, not traditional and classical.

The glass staircase looks light, stylish, unusual, but, more importantly, it is not cumbersome.

Stone

Stone is a very heavy material, so stone stairs are never compact and graceful.

Stairs made of stone slabs are suitable only for VERY large premises (palaces, estates, luxury apartments), in which the large-scale construction of stone steps will be commensurate with the overall dimensions of the building.

Concrete

The budgetary analogue of stone steps is concrete.

If earlier this material was used only as a base material, that is, requiring additional “refinement” with decorative materials, today designers are increasingly inclined to believe that the texture of concrete is beautiful in itself and can look stylish in modern interiors.

Combi materials

A compromise and at the same time creative option for a staircase to the second floor is the use of two or more materials!

Designers often combine metal and wood, glass and wood, glass and metal.

Sometimes it looks more than unusual.

Take a look!

What do you need to know about the rungs?

The steps must be comfortable: their depth cannot be less than the length of a human foot.

The most common shape for steps is a rectangle. Less commonly used are steps in the shape of a trapezoid or triangle (mainly for spiral staircases), as well as steps in the shape of a semicircle.

In some cases, designers use atypical shapes to design steps, but before approving their manufacture, it is important to make sure that all household members will be comfortable using such a staircase.

How to arrange a railing?

Railings are an important attribute of any staircase. It is not just a decorative element, but a functional aid to your safety: the handrails help to adhere during the descent and avoid accidental falls.

Important! Ladders without railings are a very fashionable trend, but they are absolutely not suitable for families with small children and / or elderly people.

What are risers?

A riser is a structural element between steps. In general, it is optional: although the risers take on some of the load, they are not used in many stairs (due to which they seem lighter and weightless). However, with the help of the design of the risers, a masterpiece can be made from the simplest staircase.

What is a “baluster”?

Baluster - chiseled column; part of the handrail, which is a vertical beam to which the handrails are attached.

Balusters are used in design wooden stairs and can be either the simplest form or a real work of art.

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