Ventilation of the steam room from the rest room. How to properly ventilate a cottage sauna with your own hands

Kirill Sysoev

Callous hands do not know boredom!

Content

It is not easy to create an oasis of harmony among the hot steam, the flowing river from showers or mini-pools. The operation of the bath requires adherence to some subtleties even at the construction stage. So that the high humidity does not spoil the structure, and the stale air does not interfere with the bath procedures, it is necessary to choose and make the right ventilation.

Ventilation in the bath - diagram and device

Air inflow and outflow - essential condition, since air exchange is based on the balance of supply ventilation (fresh air) and exhaust ventilation - the outlet of the exhaust. The movement of the air flow can occur in a natural, forced or combined way. From the right choice ventilation system the level of air humidity, flow circulation, heat exchange will depend. If the ventilation circuit and device are violated in the bath, the microclimate will be disturbed, it will be difficult to breathe, and mold will appear on the walls. Expert advice will help you avoid this:

The air outlet must be higher than the air inlet because cold air is heavier than warm air.
It is not recommended to make an exhaust hole in the ceiling, as this place heats up more slowly than others.
The classic location of the inlet is near the stove and close to the floor.
The ventilation of the bath should be based on the principle: the supply openings are located on the opposite wall from the exhaust openings, while dampers should be installed on the latter.

Steam room ventilation

To find the right system, prolonging the life of the structure and finishing materials, you should understand the features of each type, and the ventilation of the steam room is of the following types:

By the principle of work	Peculiarities	Is it suitable for a bath?
Natural	The convection flow is formed due to the pressure difference between the street and the room, and the location of the supply and exhaust openings will interfere with normal heating.
Combined	Use of air extraction devices; the absence of strict recommendations for the placement of vents makes this method one of the best.
Mechanical	Feed fresh air, the temperature is maintained by special devices, but with all the convenience, the disadvantage of this method is the high cost.

Ventilation in the dressing room

The steam room, with its high temperature, is often surrounded by functional rooms. Drying out the elements of the environment, maintaining comfortable conditions, ensuring the flow of oxygen-enriched air - these are the main functions of ventilation in the dressing room. If the steam room is used all year round, then you need to take care of installing the fan, the ideal option is a forced (mechanical) system with exhaust air output through the toilet or washing compartment. The natural way - opening doors and windows wide open - is an unreliable way to ventilate the dressing room.

Ventilation in the sauna sink

Correctly positioning the stove and distributing the flow of cold and warm air is just as important as taking care of other bath procedures. The desire to wash, having rinsed with water, will require a careful approach to the arrangement of this place. To prevent moisture from accumulating under the floor or in the walls, ventilation is needed in the washing section of the bath. The easiest option is to make a combined steam room and sink, and if these rooms are separate, then you will need special equipment to remove condensate.

Ventilation in the sauna break room

After active bath procedures, when the overheated steam air relaxes the muscles, you want to rest. The ventilation device in the relaxation room of the bath is almost no different from general principles... With the small size of the room, where there are a couple of shelves, and there is no contact with water, you can periodically arrange a draft. If the room is large, then ventilation is needed for a combined bath. Among the latest technical developments, it is better to give preference to compact devices - ventilators.

Ventilation in a frame bath

Wooden floors will rot in a couple of years if you do not take care of the ventilation system and drying. Even antiseptic treatment will not cope with this in the same way as ventilation in frame bath providing fresh air supply. The diagram of the device of a natural ventilation system includes: channels, a pipe from the stove, a through recess, vents, doors. The vent in the bath is located on top, closer to the roof, and to regulate the flow, it must be equipped with a valve or damper. Forced ventilation in a frame bath, it is used where only one of the walls is external.

Hood in the bathhouse from the log house

From timber it turns out a traditional Russian steam room, and if the vents are correctly positioned, the direction of the air flow will create comfortable conditions. To ensure complete ventilation, the hood in the bathhouse from the log house still has to be equipped. The classic version assumes the device of a natural air exchange pattern. The peculiarity of the blower of the heater-stove, the damper with the valve for the chimney, the fastening of the fans to speed up the air exchange - all this is necessary in order to exclude the formation of a layer of condensate and draft.

How to make ventilation in the bath

Even at the construction stage, it will be necessary to provide for the creation of a ventilation system. How to make a hood in a bath to maintain the microclimate? The logs of a traditional steam room are laid with a gap, so the slots in the log house let in fresh air, and you can ventilate with a draft. Ventilation system in a brick bath, from a foam block or from other modern building materials, will require the installation of the ventilation system with the required amount supply and exhaust openings before the start of the construction of the structure. Preference should be given to a combined or mechanical scheme.

Ventilation bastu

In order for dry steam to give a hot hug, to be able to heat the floors and protect the walls from rot, the installation of ventilation for bastu is done as follows:

No special holes are needed in the foundation of the building; a wooden floor with cracks can be made. Equip the room glass door with three canopies, good seal, magnetic latch.
Install an electric convection-type oven, which will ensure the circulation of air flows according to the principle of an inverted glass.
Make the inflow under the stove, and the exhaust hole under the shelf, 30 cm from the floor. Warm air will rise up the box under the clapboard and be discharged outside through the hole, which should be made on the opposite wall from the inflow (diagonally and as far as possible).
The heated air will fill the steam room, pushing the cold air down to the bottom. If you make a channel with an adjacent room, then the steam room will give some of the heat to it.

Sauna ventilation

It is necessary to lay the foundations of the ventilation system at the construction stage, because the alteration of the finished building will cost more. A brief guide to designing a bath ventilation system looks like this:

A free arrangement of vents is allowed, therefore a combined or mechanical system, including sauna hoods, is suitable.
For a continuous inflow of fresh air, make an outlet at the level of half a meter from the floor near the stove, and an exhaust hole on the opposite wall.
It is imperative to install adjustable dampers (shutter, gate) on the inlet and outlet to maintain the microclimate.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

In order for natural ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath to contribute to the healing effect, when arranging it, you must adhere to the following scheme:

Take care of the possibility of ventilation: window, door, air vents.
The upper levels of the window and door should match, and above is the place for the heat pocket. For volley ventilation of small steam rooms, simple ventilation is enough to quickly renew the air.
A stove with a chimney is a natural exhaust for a bath: the exhaust air will go up the duct, and the inflow will be through the slots at the bottom of the door.
For air exchange, equip the vents: an exhaust hole under the ceiling, equip it with a door (damper), and make the inflow next to the stove and install a ventilation grill.

Video: how to properly ventilate the bath

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Setting up a sauna is a very interesting but troublesome process. It is necessary to take into account a good hundred little things so that it is not only cozy, but also safe for health. The latter also depends on air exchange - improperly equipped ventilation in the sauna can create a draft or, conversely, lead to excessive heating of the room!

The steam room is the key to ventilation

The most important room in any sauna or bath is, of course, the steam room. And in the steam room heat largely depends on ventilation, and not only it, but also the quality of rest. What is the use of hot air if it is stagnant and saturated with odors of dampness and sweat products?

In addition, do not forget that any steam room is a place with high humidity, and therefore an increased danger for all elements (especially wooden ones) to become a breeding ground for mold and mildew. And what kind of sauna is now complete without an electrician? Even with a minimum of electrical equipment, you need to conduct a banal light, make a switch - that's the risk of getting an electric shock in high humidity!

So that you do not have to constantly think about high humidity, it is better to think about high-quality ventilation once. Thinking, of course, will not be enough - you also need to implement the plan correctly! Ever since school days, we all know that hot air has one pronounced feature - it always tends to rise up, pushing cold air down. Thanks to this, the natural circulation of air in the atmosphere on a global scale and in each room in particular is ensured. Applies to the steam room, thanks to this law of physics, we get the hottest places on the upper shelves and relatively cool places on the lower ones.

According to generally accepted standards, the air in the steam room should be refreshed at least three times per hour, while the optimal recommendations are all seven times! Such air exchange can be ensured with the help of conventional supply and exhaust ventilation - hot air, rising to the ceiling, comes out through the outflow ventilation hole, as a result of which a slight vacuum is created in the supply duct, and fresh air enters the room. Such a system is applicable to ventilation of a bathroom and toilet, but, unlike them, it has its own characteristics.

But the task is complicated by the fact that the hottest steam, which is located on the upper level of the steam room, should not immediately escape into the hood, otherwise you will remain in a cold sauna, which urgently needs to be heated. If this happens, then the hood is not equipped correctly! Sometimes this is due to the impossibility of the correct arrangement of the elements due to the architectural features of the building, in which case it is necessary to consider options for ventilation combined with a mechanical method.

Supply and exhaust ventilation in the sauna - arrangement diagram

To begin with, let's consider the classic - natural supply and exhaust ventilation. The law of this type of exhaust is the correct location of the inlet and outlet openings. Correct - this is when the inlet is located near the stove-heater or under it (if we are talking about the electric version), while the outlet is located on the opposite side. Also, cold fresh air will enter the steam room through a specially left 5-7 cm gap under the door.

The air inlets should be located strictly at the bottom so that the cold air can have time to heat up before it enters the area where people are staying.

For proper air circulation, one exhaust port will not be enough. On the opposite side of the inflow, the first hood is located at a height of about one meter, the second - under the ceiling. Both openings must be connected by an exhaust duct, which leads either to the main ventilation system or to the chimney. If the air duct goes separately, then you need to remember that the higher the pipe rises above the roof level, the more thrust will be in the system - it is important not to overdo it!

In order for you to be able to regulate the rate of air exchange, it is imperative to install gates on the air outlets. How does such a system work? Let's imagine a standard steam room with a stove-stove on the far wall and a door on the next one. As it should be, a gap is left under the door, and the hoods are located on opposite walls: near the stove and near the door.

Before heating the steam room, it must be properly ventilated so that there is fresh air in the room. Then the doors and outlets are closed, only the inlet valve remains open. The steam room will heat up quickly enough, since the hot air will soon have no place to go, which means that there will be no air discharge in the inlet.

When the sauna has warmed up, we still leave the upper channel closed, while the lower channel is slightly opened - this will start air circulation in the steam room, while the upper layers of the warmest air will not leave the room. Cold air will again begin to enter through the supply channel, but due to the proximity of the heater to the resting people, it will get already warmed up, gradually rising up and replacing the stagnant air.

Thanks to this air exchange, there will be fresh and warmed air in the room. Vacationers may not even notice such a change, enjoying the process. Such a system ensures economical handling of the already heated air, which means that you will also save on the consumption of the heat carrier. In addition, problems with mold and mildew will not affect you - thanks to this circulation, all elements will be properly dried.

Combined system - when there are no other options

Structural features do not always give us the opportunity to provide ventilation strictly according to the above scheme. For example, a steam room has three adjacent walls with other rooms, and the inlet and outlet must be placed on the same wall. In this case, the correct location must be observed: the supply must be at a distance of 20 cm from the floor, while the outlet must be at the same distance, only from the ceiling.

Cold air currents entering the room will pass through the oven, heat up and rise upward, refreshing and warming up the room. The disadvantage of this method is that the air circulation is too intensive, which must be tightly controlled using the valves on the holes.

There is also an option in which the inlet is located not below, under the stove, but above the heater. If the outlet duct is placed at a higher level on the opposite wall, we get a relatively normal movement of air masses. True, it may not be enough, therefore, a fan is placed in the outlet in such cases to circulate air. This will be combined ventilation.

Classically mistakes - how not to make

The most common mistake when arranging supply and exhaust ventilation is the location of the ventilation openings at the same level. As a result, below we get a draft, and hot air at the upper levels will practically not take part in air exchange.

If only one hole is made for the air outlet under the ceiling, even with the correct placement of the inlet and outlet, the mixing of hot and cold air flows will be too fast - the steam room can cool down in a few minutes! Usually, the upper hole is used only in cases where you want to quickly reduce the temperature or completely ventilate the room.

Bath ventilation is important when arranging a steam room, however, in order for it to function as it should, the layout of the air duct and other engineering channels must be well thought out. It is also required to select reliable equipment, ranging from dehumidifiers and heating to humidifiers and thermostats.

Having decided to mount the ventilation of the bath, you can try to understand how to do it yourself, but it is much better to turn to professionals who are well aware of the design of the exhaust system and the structure of other communications. At the same time, it is not necessary to consider mainly expensive high-tech options - it is quite enough to limit ourselves to basic solutions.

Speaking about how to properly design the ventilation of a bath, you must immediately take into account that a natural flow of fresh air is necessary not only for a comfortable stay, but also to maintain the combustion process, and this, as you know, largely depends on the availability of oxygen. Especially for the stove, it is recommended to lay a ventilation duct with an outlet through a steel sheet, designed to protect the floor from fire in case of hot coals from the firebox. The box should be about a quarter wider than the chimney.

Supply ventilation of the bath

Ventilation equipment is installed, due to which there is a forced injection of fresh air with its subsequent heating; such ventilation of the bath provides full control over the air exchange. In the channels through which the air moves, fans are mounted, directing the flows in the right direction. As a result, there is always enough oxygen in the steam room.

Ventilation of a bath with a furnace firebox
from the side of the rest room

Ventilation in the wash bath should be created taking into account high humidity. The hole through which the exhaust air leaves must be sufficiently heated, otherwise ice may form at its end from the street in winter. It is extremely difficult to design a good steam room on your own, since it requires experience. It is better to turn to professionals for this purpose. The company "RusPar" has been designing baths for a long time and is ready to fulfill orders of any level of complexity. We will hand over a turnkey steam room strictly on a predetermined date.

Ventilation of a sauna with a firebox
ovens in the steam room

Do you need ventilation in a log sauna?

It is very difficult to answer this question. On the one hand, air in such a room freely penetrates through the lower rims of the walls, on the other hand, this may not be enough for proper ventilation. Moreover, often modern designs baths are noticeably different from classic projects, so ventilation holes must be present in them. But what should be the ventilation of the bath, what kind of norms should be taken into account when designing it, especially when you start building with your own hands?

If a stove is installed, then the peculiarity of its blower should be taken into account: it is through it that air outflow occurs. Plus, floor ventilation is being installed, all the necessary communications are laid in the bath through the ducts, fans are attached in certain places, which will turn on if necessary to speed up air exchange. It is important that the room is guaranteed to be free of drafts and condensation.

What should be the organization of ventilation in a bath, if the floor is monolithic?

The need to organize normal air exchange in rooms of such a specific purpose is obvious to everyone. Since the reader wants to understand the device, standard schemes and the peculiarities of the installation of the ventilation system in the sauna, he knows a priori that its absence negatively affects the efficiency of the procedures and reduces the service life of all structural elements by about 3.5 - 4 times.

How to do all the work on installing ventilation in a sauna with your own hands, and technically competently - the topic of this article.

Norms and requirements for the ventilation scheme in the sauna

The key to success is not only in the intelligent performance of technological operations at every stage of its installation. The master needs to clearly understand what should turn out in the end, whether he can do everything with his own hands, how long it will take and how much the ventilation system device will cost.

Primary requirements

Constant supply of air (fresh) from outside.
The invariability of the temperature in the premises, including the high temperature in the steam room.

Ventilation systems in baths and saunas are in many ways similar, but there is also a fundamental difference. It consists in the way the air is heated. It is dry for a sauna. Therefore, blind copying of schemes without taking into account the peculiarities of their work is a meaningless exercise.

Code of practice for the ventilation system

In the sauna, almost all rooms have modest dimensions. With regard to rooms with small dimensions, you need to focus on such a ventilation scheme so that it provides air renewal about every quarter of an hour, at least. For a sauna, this is considered to be the limit.
During the design and installation process, all risks of drafts or, conversely, areas with stagnant air should be considered and eliminated.

Typical ventilation system diagrams

Mechanical

It is considered the most effective, but also the most expensive. You will need valves, filters, diffusers, a noise suppression device and a number of other circuit elements. An example is shown in the figure:

Natural

For a do-it-yourself device, this is the easiest ventilation option.

But this applies only to the installation process, since high-quality air exchange can only be ensured with accurate engineering calculations. In addition, such a scheme has quite a few drawbacks. For example, dependence on the direction and strength of the wind.

Supply and exhaust

From the point of view of "efficiency + final cost of installation + do it yourself" - the best engineering solution.

We will deal with the organization of ventilation according to this scheme in more detail.

Does it make sense to install ventilation in each room according to the same scheme? If for a steam room supply and exhaust is the best option, then for a dressing room, a rest room (taking into account costs) it is quite enough to organize natural air exchange.

The device and principle of operation of the circuit

If the reader understands the principle of ventilation in a sauna, then the author's task is completed. Any owner will cope with the installation of the system with his own hands, without involving specialists. Further will be given general recommendations on drawing up a scheme and technology of work.

Air inlets

With regard to the steam room, they must be installed in the lower part of the walls and in the area of the stove. Why? First, the cold air coming from outside will heat up faster. Secondly, such a feature of the scheme excludes his getting into the zone where the person takes the procedure.

If a small gap (about 50 mm) is left between the flooring and the door leaf during the installation of the frame, this will further increase the efficiency of air exchange between rooms.

Hood

The inlet opening of the air outlet channel, regardless of the chosen scheme, is always arranged strictly opposite the supply one, that is, on the opposite wall of the room. Depending on its specifics, there may be two such "receivers" (in the steam room - required). The first is at least 100 cm from the level flooring, the second - to remove air from the sauna outside - under the ceiling. Both are connected using a box. To exclude the influence of the wind rose and the height of the fan pipe, a fan should be installed in the hood.

The peculiarity of the scheme is that it is necessary to install adjustable dampers in both channels - inflow and outflow. They are also called gates, gates. It is with the help of such devices that the required microclimate is maintained in any of the premises.

The appearance of condensation on surfaces, stale air in rooms are clear signs of improper installation or malfunctioning of the system.

How the ventilation scheme works in the steam room

Airing

All valves and doors are fully open and the fan is on. Enough 5 - 10 minutes, and the air in the sauna is completely renewed.

Warming up

The doors and flaps of the exhaust duct are closed, while the intake duct remains open. This achieves a quick warming up of the room to the required temperature with a minimum fuel consumption for the stove.

Taking procedures in the sauna

The hood flap opens slightly, but only at the bottom hole. What does it do? The circulation of streams begins, while the heated air remains in the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe ceiling. Consequently, the temperature in the steam room is kept constant. And at the same time, the renewal of air does not stop. As a result of the operation of the scheme - the most favorable microclimate with significant fuel economy, that is, full compliance with the requirements of paragraph 1.1.

Do-it-yourself ventilation mistakes common mistakes

Installation of only one hole for exhausting air from the sauna, albeit with a damper, under the ceiling. Such a disadvantage of the circuit is fraught with the fact that the heated air will quickly be removed to the outside. Consequently, the process of regulating its temperature in the steam room will become more complicated and fuel consumption will sharply increase.
The location of all openings (supply, exhaust) at the same height from the floor. It is difficult to judge the effectiveness of the scheme (although the air exchange will be minimal), but the fact that the draft is provided is unambiguous.
The section of the exhaust duct is smaller than that of the inflow. Air exchange in the sauna will be difficult. How to choose the optimal parameter for any ventilation scheme? Recommended ratio: for 1 m3 of the room - 24 cm² of the duct cross-section.

The scheme described above is the most convenient for doing it yourself, and its effectiveness in the sauna has been confirmed by practice. The dear reader can be sure that taking into account all the features of its device, it will work effectively. Good luck with your design.

A well-equipped ventilation system, all other things being equal, guarantees, firstly, a long service life of building and finishing materials used in arranging the serviced premises, and secondly, the comfort and safety of visiting the latter for the user. In particular, the issue of arranging full-fledged and sufficiently effective ventilation is in the bathhouse, in view of the characteristic temperature and humidity conditions and additional requirements for such buildings.

Bath fan prices

bath fan

Video - Requirements for ventilation in the bath

The choice of the optimal type of ventilation system for servicing the bath is a topic for many hours of discussion. For example, there is natural ventilation. The costs of money, time and effort for its arrangement are minimal - the work literally boils down to drilling holes in the walls, installing boxes / pipes and valves / gratings.

Vent valve and grill
Ventilation grilles for baths and saunas

However, it is impossible to use natural ventilation to service all the premises of the bath. Of course, one could save money, but the disadvantage of such a solution will become obvious with the arrival of the first winter: along with the influx of fresh air from the street, cold will come in, and the combination of frosty air with humidity is known to everyone - everything around will simply freeze. Therefore, natural ventilation in some rooms must be combined with other existing options in other bath rooms.

If the bathhouse is equipped with a washing room or even its own pool, natural ventilation will definitely not cope with the maintenance of such premises - you will have to equip exhaust system... And in general, the presence of a forced inflow / outflow of fresh air will be useful both for visitors to the bath and for its premises. Recommendations for the optimal composition of the air exchange system are given in the table.

Table. Choosing a ventilation system for different premises

Premises	Recommended type of ventilation	Scheme	Description
Steam room, dressing room or relaxation room			Aeration should be understood as an organized natural air exchange. The option is most optimal for use in a bathhouse: air is supplied from the bottom of the furnace (for other rooms - 25-30 cm above the floor), waste is removed through an opening in the upper part of the room. The work of air exchange is based on elementary physical laws: cold air from the street displaces warm air masses, which have less weight, up the room. Aeration is ideal for use in rooms with high heat dissipation rates. The presence of additional moisture contributes to an even more pronounced increase in the efficiency of the system.
Washing room, bathroom, room with a swimming pool			The system is completed with a fan and, if necessary, with cleaning filters. Mechanical exhaust ventilation is ideal for use in the washroom, pool room and other wet and frequently visited bath areas. Mechanical extraction ensures effective removal of unpleasant odors and excess moisture, which makes the air in the served room safe and clean. It is impossible to use only exhaust ventilation - a rarefaction of air is formed. To compensate for the rarefaction, an air flow from the street or other rooms is arranged. Along with this, the presence of supply ventilation will eliminate the likelihood of drafts. The supply ventilation system can be either natural or mechanical. In combination with mechanical exhaust ventilation it is more expedient to use a mechanical supply system, because the possibilities of natural inflow may ultimately be insufficient to compensate for the resulting rarefaction. The mechanical supply ventilation is based on a blower fan. Additionally, it can be equipped with an air heater, which will eliminate inconveniences and solve the problems of ventilation of serviced premises in the cold season. Additionally, the supplied air can be humidified or cleaned using appropriate devices. A mechanical system is more complex in arrangement than its analogue, operating according to the laws of physics: in addition to fans and air ducts, the system can include optional equipment and accessories (diffusers, air distribution grilles, automation equipment, silencers, etc.). This gives an excellent opportunity to equip an air exchange system that fully meets the wishes of the user.

In vestibules, warehouses and other premises of a similar purpose, a natural exhaust is made.

Regardless of the type of ventilation system chosen, the bath must have conditions for simple ventilation. Install adjustable windows in all rooms where the location allows you to do this.

Video - Types of ventilation systems

Instructions for self-calculation of air exchange

For the calculation, an elementary formula is used:

W (required volume of fresh / exhaust air) = k (coefficient indicating the rate of air exchange) x V (volume of the served room, determined by the product of the width of the room by the length and height).

That is, first you must calculate the volume of each room and find the required indicator of the volume of clean air for it (in the calculations it is customary to denote Wpr, i.e. inflow) and a similar indicator of exhaust air (denoted as Ww, outflow). In this case, the multiplicity factors must be taken into account. The calculated values are rounded up - the last digit in the number must be 0 or 5.

Next, the summation of all Wpr is performed. A similar action is carried out for the found Ww. The amounts received are compared. If the total value of Wpr exceeds the total value of Wpr, it is necessary to increase the exhaust volume for rooms with a minimum value of air exchange, if, on the contrary, increase the inflow by the missing value. That is, at the output, the sum of all Wpr should be equal to the total value of the found Ww.

The results of the calculations will make it possible to determine the optimal cross-sections of the installed air ducts and choose suitable view ventilation system. Thus, with the calculation of the volume of premises and other related data, no special problems will arise. For greater convenience of subsequent processing, enter the found values into a simple table, as in the example presented.

In the given example, the total value of Wpr is less than the sum of all found Ww by an indicator equal to 110 m3. In order for the balance to be observed as a result, it is necessary to provide an inflow of clean air in the missing amount. This can only be done in the dressing room. Thus, the value of 55 m3 for the dressing room, given in the table, must be replaced with an indicator of 165 m3. Then the balance will be struck.

Start calculating the installed air ducts and drawing up the structure of the equipped ventilation system.

The ventilation system is designed in such a way that the air moves through the installed air ducts at the following speed indicators:

≤ 5 m / s in main ducts and ≤3 m / s in existing branches - for ventilation systems mechanical type;
≤ 1 m / s - for natural air changes;
2 m / s - for natural air exchange directly in the steam room.

When choosing the cross-section of the air ducts, take into account the above indicators. As for the profile of the box / pipe, this moment is determined by the design features of the air exchange and the bath itself. For example, air ducts with a circular cross-section are easier to install than their rectangular "brothers", and the required connecting fittings for round air ducts are much easier to select.

The relationship between the diameter of air ducts and other significant indicators is shown in the following tables.

For example, we will work with round ducts. We select the necessary sections according to the corresponding table, focusing, at the same time, on the indicators of the table Example of ventilation calculation.

The estimated air consumption turned out to be 165 m3 / h. The air flow at this flow rate should move no faster than 5 m / s. In accordance with the above table for round ducts, we select the cross-section according to the specified data. The tabular value closest to ours is 221 m3 / h. Air duct section - 125 mm.

Insulated air duct
Flexible air ducts

In the same order, we determine the optimal cross-sections for all branches of the system in the serviced rooms, remembering that in them the air flow must move at a speed not exceeding 3 m / s (in vestibules and storage rooms - 1 m / s, in the steam room - 2 m / s) sec):

steam room: estimated Ww is 60 m3 / h, which requires the installation of an air duct with a section of 125 mm;
shower room - Ww is 50 m3 / h, air moves at a speed of 3 m / s, an air duct of 100 mm is suitable;
toilet - the indicators are similar to the shower room;
pantry, vestibule, etc. - indicators (with the exception of air velocity) are similar to shower and toilet.

Important! In the shower room (washroom, room with a pool), an increased level of humidity is noted. When determining the cross-section of the duct for this room, it is necessary to make an increase in the direction of increase (in this example - 125 mm).

For more convenience, enter all the information received in the table. You can use the template below as an example.

Important note! In the above table, the exhaust volume exceeds the fresh air intake. This happened for the reason that the cross-sections were determined by the nearest flow rate, and the diameter of the air duct in the washing room was deliberately increased. In practice, such an approach will only be beneficial - the stock for outflow and inflow will not be superfluous.

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. Download file

Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Residential Buildings and Premises. Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00. Download file

Building regulations Russian Federation heating, ventilation and conditioning SNiP 41-01-2003. Download file

The cross-sectional area of the ventilation window is determined in accordance with the volume of the manned room: 24 cm 2 for each 1 m3.

It remains only to deal with optimal height Ventilation Hole Locations:

for the flow of fresh air - on average 25-30 cm above the floor (in the steam room - near the stove);
for exhaust air outflow - about 15-20 cm below the ceiling, as a rule, on the opposite to the supply wall.

Popular schemes for the device of bath ventilation

Only the options for arranging ventilation in the steam room deserve separate consideration - in the other rooms everything is performed according to the standard scheme, for example, like this:

The air exchange in the steam room can be organized according to the 4 basic schemes shown in the following image.

Scheme "a". The most popular option. The air intake window is next to the stove, at a distance of about 25-30 cm from the floor. Incoming fresh air gradually displaces the waste warm up to the opposite wall. On it, about 15-25 cm below the ceiling, there is an exhaust hole.

Scheme "b". Both holes are on the same wall. The circuit will only work if an exhaust fan is installed. Fresh air enters through the bottom hole in the wall opposite to the stove. The air will rush in the direction of the stove, and then, covering the space of the steam room with an arc, move to the hood and be discharged outside the bath.

Scheme "in". The variant is suitable for steam rooms with leaking floors. The inlet is located as in the "a" scheme. After warming up in the upper part of the steam room, the air descends to the floor, passes through the gaps in the boardwalk, contributing to more efficient drying of the boards, and then it is discharged through an exhaust hole, usually set up in another room. Extraction can also be carried out through a separate insulated duct.

Scheme "g". Option for saunas with a constantly working stove. In this case, the function of the hood is performed by the blowing hole of the furnace. The inlet window is installed under the shelf, in the wall opposite to the stove. The height of the air inlet must correspond to the height of the furnace hearth. Fresh air rushes to the stove, displacing the air masses heated by it to the ceiling. Cooling down there, the air descends and is removed from the bath through the blower.

To make the operation of the air exchange system as efficient and high-quality as possible, study and remember a few simple tips before starting its installation.

If your bath has a bathroom or even a kitchen, equip them with exhaust ventilation only - this solution will exclude the possibility of the spread of unpleasant odors in other rooms. Alternatively, you can equip supply ventilation in other rooms, and equip the bathrooms with a natural hood - in this case, the air will move to the bathrooms.

When calculating the performance of fans, it is recommended to reduce the total power of the supply air devices by 5-10% of the total performance exhaust units... In this case, the exhaust air will be completely displaced by the incoming air masses, and a margin of 5-10% will compensate for the inflow of air entering through windows, cracks, etc., which will allow maintaining a balance.

In rooms with only one natural ventilation it is recommended to make opening vents - this will increase the efficiency of fresh air intake and reduce the risk of fungi, mold, rot, etc.

Important! If your bath has a non-typical configuration, the ventilation system project will also be individual. When compiling it, the peculiarities of the composition of the premises, their design, design features etc.

The main stages of self-arrangement of the ventilation system

Any ventilation system in any room is set up in approximately the same sequence. Differences are present only in the characteristics of the air vents and their locations, as well as in the configuration of the system (mechanical, unlike natural ones, are supplemented by various kinds of devices).

For example, the following arrangement of ventilation elements can be used.

Or its somewhat modified counterpart, presented in the following image.

Recommendations regarding the choice of the location of each hole, the type of air exchange system for different rooms of the bath, as well as the procedure for determining the characteristics of ventilation elements, have been discussed earlier.

Along with this, the order of arrangement of ventilation may differ depending on which design option you prefer. There are few solutions available:

independent ventilation in each room. A simpler option. The work is limited to the installation of transoms, vents, fans and other necessary elements, if provided by the project. Fans can be installed both in windows and in separate ducts leading to the street through the wall;
centralized system. More complex option. Requires laying of ventilation ducts. It is used mainly in private houses - in the case of a bath, this option will be too costly and time-consuming;
"Hybrid" option. Some rooms are individually ventilated, some are combined into a joint system.

A reasonable option for using in a bath is independent ventilation - the owner can choose the optimal characteristics of fans and other elements for each room, saving money, time and effort on the activities necessary to combine the channels into a single system.

Important! The location of some rooms in the bathhouse may not allow to equip independent supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it will not be possible to avoid laying ventilation ducts. Alternatively, the boxes can be placed on attic, and equip the ventilation holes in the ceiling or connect them to the channels equipped in the walls (the option is more complicated if the laying of such channels was not provided for by the project at the construction stage of the bath).

In most cases, the first option is used: ventilation pipes of the required length are led out through openings in the ceilings of the serviced premises and either each is equipped with its own fan, if necessary (easier to implement for an unprepared user, the procedure is similar to that shown in the following table), or they are connected into a single circuit and are connected to a common hood (may require the involvement of specialists).

Remember: the maximum efficiency of the ventilation system is ensured when using the shortest and direct air ducts - up to 3 m when arranging natural air exchange and up to 6 m when using electric fans.

The procedure for arranging an independent ventilation system is shown in the following table.

Important! In the example, instructions for arranging a mechanical ventilation system with the use of fans are considered. The procedure for installing natural air exchange remains almost the same: only the stages of laying wires and installing fans are excluded.

Table. Ventilation arrangement

Stage of work	Explanations
	The operating procedure remains the same for the inlet and outlet openings. Only the height of their arrangement and location change (possible options were considered earlier), as well as the type of fans used (supply or exhaust). The characteristics of the latter are selected individually, taking into account the volume of the serviced room, the required speed of air movement in the ducts, the required frequency of air exchange, etc. - all these points were discussed in the theoretical part. We arrange the holes in the following order: - outline the center and contours. We make the marking so that the diameter of the hole as a result slightly (usually a 2-3 mm gap is made) exceeds the diameter of the pipe being installed (recommendations for choosing the diameters of air ducts were given earlier); - using a punch, make a hole in accordance with the markings. We hold the working tool horizontally, but with a slight downward inclination; - carefully take out the cut material (a hammer and a chisel will help us with this), after which we thoroughly clean the finished hole from dirt and dust.
	The ventilation pipe (ventilation duct housing) is placed in the prepared hole, but before that it (if mechanical / forced ventilation is planned) must be equipped with a fan. Useful recommendation! Initially, buy ready-made ventilation kits, including, in addition to the accompanying additions, a ventilation duct / pipe and a fan with an appropriately sized case - this way you will avoid difficulties during the assembly phase. A pipe with a fan is placed in the prepared hole, and the remaining slots are filled with polyurethane foam.
	The fan is an electrical device, therefore it must be connected to the mains. Let's do this while the polyurethane foam dries (at least 10-12 hours). The procedure is standard: - the contours of the cable grooves are cut in the wall using a grinder. Excess material is removed with a bump stop; - a hole is prepared in the wall for installing the switch box (for example, a puncher can be used). The box is installed (first read the instructions specifically for your switch). The switch itself will be installed after finishing; - the wire is laid in the strobe. We use alabaster to fix the cable; - we connect the wire with the switch and the fan. We must first study the connection diagram recommended by the fan manufacturer in the attached instructions, because it may differ from device to device. One of the most commonly used schemes is shown as an example.
	It remains only to bring the entire structure into its proper form. To do this, do the following: - we get rid of excess dried polyurethane foam with a knife; - we putty the grooves; - we mount adjustable ventilation grilles on both sides of the pipe. We use self-tapping screws for fastening. If provided, at the appropriate stages of work, we install additional elements (for example, an air heater, filter, etc.). Each of these devices is mounted individually - we preliminarily clarify these points in the manufacturer's instructions.

Video - Arrangement of ventilation openings

Video - Ventilation in the bath with your own hands - diagram

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