Varieties of two-pipe water heating systems. Diagram of a two-pipe heating system

The arrangement of any apartment or private house is a very important factor. comfortable stay person. One of the main elements of a dwelling is considered to be a heat supply source. For any private house, for example, a one-story house, or an apartment, one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems can be installed. In the first version, the installation is considered quite simple. It does not require too large material costs and long pipeline length.

However, a two-pipe heating scheme is more in demand.

The operation of such a system is considered appropriate and relevant in our time. Its main advantage, in contrast to a single-pipe network, is that the purchase of a double number of pipes required for installation, as a rule, is always justified. This is due to the fact that to create such a heating system, there is no need to use pipes with a sufficiently large diameter. It also reduces the need for fittings, valves and fasteners. The difference in the cost of materials for a two-pipe and one-pipe heating system is insignificant, but the effect of using the first option is much higher. The whole installation work in this case, it is quite possible to do it even with your own hands.

Feature of a two-pipe heating system for a dwelling

The presence of such a heating network in a house always means a high-quality and comfortable way to heat your home. The scheme of a two-pipe system implies the installation of two pipes in each radiator. Hot water moves in one of them. It is connected in parallel to all heating devices. Water flows back into the system with the help of another pipe, which has already cooled down.

Special taps are installed in front of the radiators. With the help of them, any heating element can be disconnected from the heat supply. Radiator temperature with hot water with a two-pipe system, it will be quite low. But the level of costs in this case will still be lower than in the case of using a single-pipe heating network. In practice, it is customary to distinguish dead-end and direct-flow two-pipe elements.

The installation diagram of any such heating system assumes the presence of the following materials:

water heating means (boiler);
safety valve;
cleaning reagents;
expansion tank;
pump for water circulation;
radiators;
pressure gauge for determining pressure;
additional fittings;
air exhaust mechanism;
pipes.

To install the system, you need the following tools:

hammer;
drill;
welding machine;
adjustable and gas wrench;
roulette;
screwdriver;
level and plumb line.

Horizontal type two-pipe system

The main difference between vertical and horizontal views of the heating system depends entirely on the pipes. They connect all devices into a single, holistic arrangement mechanism. Two-pipe vertical scheme, in contrast to single pipe system, is designed to connect all devices to a vertical riser. During its operation, no air locks arise, but at the same time installation and installation are more expensive. This type of heating is very suitable for a private multi-storey building, since all floors can be separately connected to the riser.

The horizontal system is relevant for a one-story building and has its own unique advantages. In this case, the radiators are connected to the pipeline, which is in the appropriate position. This type of heating is very convenient to equip wooden houses and panel-frame buildings that do not have walls. Risers are usually installed in corridors. For a horizontal heating system, the following scheme is suitable.

Similar view heating element includes two main types of connection of thermal components - radial and serial. The first type is based on a separate heat supply to the radiator. The feature of the sequential view of the horizontal two-pipe system is based on the total number of pipelines. Each of the above types has its own advantages. With the radial view, there is no need to control the passage of the throttles, which are located near the boiler, and to regulate the two-pipe heating system. Wherein temperature regime remains unchanged and the same along the entire radial length. One of the main disadvantages of such a heating system is the high consumption of material.

When pulling horizontal wiring along the wall to a multitude of radiators, it is almost impossible to maintain a high-quality appearance... Therefore, the best option would be to hide all pipes during construction under a screed. The beam system is the most practical and expedient to use for one-storey house... For heating any premises, it will be advantageous to use a sequential two-pipe network. This is primarily due to the fact that in the heating system, the temperature of the coolant must always be maintained at the same level.

For correct installation and settings of a horizontal two-pipe heating network, the following nuances must be taken into account:

complete installation of this system, as a rule, takes a long period of time;
all network adjustment must be implemented before the onset of cold weather;
for a qualitative calculation of the horizontal heating system, you should seek the help of a qualified specialist.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring type

The main essence of a vertical two-pipe heating system for a private house or apartment, which distinguishes it from a one-pipe network, is the parallel connection of radiators, into which heat is supplied from the boiler. A feature of this heating method is the mandatory presence of an expansion tank and the upper installation of the distribution pipeline. The coolant flows from the boiler up the pipeline, rising evenly along each connection to all radiators. The expansion tank is usually installed at the top of the heating circuit.

The main difference between the vertical and horizontal systems is that when the latter is installed, all pipes are mounted with a slight slope. Water from heat heaters returns back to the return pipeline through return connections, and from it back to the boiler. A feature of such a heating system is the presence of two pipelines - supply and return. Therefore, such a heating network is called two-pipe, not one-pipe.

The water supply system is carried out using a plumbing. In the absence of water supply, all liquid must be filled manually through the opening of the expansion tank. The heating system is best fed into the return line when cold water is mixed with hot water. At the same time, during the make-up, the circulating head increases and the level of its density rises. The functional diagram of such a system is shown below.

With this type of two-pipe vertical heating, in contrast to a one-pipe network, the heat carrier is heated under strong pressure and moves to the upper level of the attic. After that, he goes down the heating radiators. Cooled water is fed back into the pipes, which are lower than the level of the radiators. With this circulation, the expansion vessel will automatically remove any air accumulations.

Two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring

A distinctive feature of this heating system is the supply pipeline, which is installed from the bottom near the return. Water at the bottom wiring through the supply pipes moves from bottom to top. It passes through the return pipes and enters the pipe by means of heating devices. Then the water moves to the boiler. All air pockets are released from the heating system using air taps. They must be installed on every radiator. The scheme and advantages of the heating network are as follows.

A two-pipe heating network with a bottom wiring, as a rule, is designed with one, several, associated or dead-end circuits. In practice, this type of heating system is not used very often. This is due to the fact that air drains must be installed on each end radiator. These systems have a special expansion tank, with the help of which the air mass is drawn into the circulation ring. In this regard, the process of bleeding air from the radiators must be carried out once a week. One of the main advantages of the system is the ability to heat the house even before the completion of the construction process.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating system

A feature of the two-pipe system is the presence of two pipes supplied to each of the radiators: the upper one with direct current, and the lower one with reverse. This is how it differs from a one-pipe heating network. The heating network diagram for a private house or apartment includes the following components:

boiler;
thermostatic valve;
aerial vehicle;
balancing device;
batteries;
valve;
tank;
pipeline filter;
temperature manometer;
pump;
safety valve.

Working diagram of two-pipe heating for a private two-storey house shown below.

The expansion vessel must be installed on the topmost element of the system. In the event that your house is equipped autonomous system water supply, then the above element can be combined with a consumable type of water supply tank. The permissible parameter of the slope of pipes in the return and flow should not exceed 10 cm at 20 linear meters. During installation, a two-pipe heating system is often divided into two separate elbows if the lower piping is directly at front door... It should be created from the location of the highest point in the system.

In the presence of an autonomous two-pipe heating network with a wiring of the upper type, it can be implemented different scheme installation. It all depends on the location of the expansion tank and the level of height from the floor. The best solution would be to install the tank in a warm room with free access to it. However, if the upper horizontal-type feed pipe is located in the middle between the window and the ceiling, then such an installation will be very inconvenient. Installing an expansion tank over a ceiling, for example, in an attic, will also be completely wrong from a safety point of view during a cold period of time.

The process of operation of a two-pipe system will be the best if there is a maximum pipe length for heat supply. With different diameters of these elements, the quality and efficiency of such a heating network will always increase. This is due to the fact that at the very beginning of the wiring is the upper point of the heat supply pipe. The efficiency of any heating system is increased by having a pump for circulation. It has a power that varies from 65 to 110 watts, and during long-term operation there is no need for additional maintenance.

Thanks to this component, the heating rate of any room increases quite strongly. But with a two-pipe heating system with an upper wiring type, the use of such an element will be impractical and unnecessary.

Two-pipe heating system

There are only two types of heating systems: one-pipe and two-pipe. In private houses, they try to establish the most effective system heating. It is very important not to sell too cheap, trying to reduce the cost of buying and installing a heating system. Providing a house with heat is a lot of work, and so that the system does not have to be installed anew, it is better to understand thoroughly, and make "reasonable" savings. And in order to draw a conclusion about which of the systems is better, you need to understand the principle of operation of each of them. Having studied the advantages and disadvantages of both systems, both from the technical side and from the material, it becomes clear how to make the best choice.

One-pipe heating system

It works according to the principle: along one main pipe (riser), the coolant rises to the upper floor of the house (in the case of a multi-storey building); all heating devices are connected in series to the downstream. In this case, all the upper floors will be heated more intensively than the lower ones. It is a very common practice in Soviet-built multi-storey buildings, when it is very hot on the upper floors and cold on the lower ones. Private houses most often have 2-3 floors, so one-pipe heating does not threaten with a large contrast of temperatures on different floors. In a one-story building, heating is almost uniform.

Advantages of a one-pipe heating system: hydrodynamic stability, ease of design and installation, low costs of materials and funds, since the installation of only one line for the coolant is required. The increased water pressure will ensure normal natural circulation. The use of antifreeze increases the efficiency of the system. And, although this is not the best example of a heating system, it has become very widespread in our country due to the high savings in material.

Disadvantages of a one-pipe heating system: complex thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network;
- it is difficult to eliminate errors in the calculations of heating devices;
- the interdependence of the work of all network elements;
- high hydrodynamic resistance;
- limited quantity heating devices on one riser;
- the inability to regulate the flow of the coolant into individual heating devices;
- high heat loss.

Improvement of one-pipe heating systems
Designed by technical solution allowing to regulate the operation of individual heating devices connected to one pipe. Special closing sections - bypasses - are connected to the network. The bypass is a jumper in the form of a pipe segment that connects the direct pipe of the heating radiator and the return pipe. It is equipped with taps or valves. Bypass makes it possible to connect automatic thermostats to the radiator. This allows you to regulate the temperature of each battery and, if necessary, shut off the supply of coolant to any individual heating device. Thanks to this, individual devices can be repaired and replaced without completely shutting down the entire heating system. Correct connection of the bypass makes it possible to redirect the flow of the coolant through the riser, bypassing the element being replaced or repaired. For a high-quality installation of such devices, it is better to invite a specialist.

Vertical and horizontal riser diagram
According to the installation scheme, one-pipe heating is horizontal and vertical. A vertical riser is the connection of all heating devices in series from top to bottom. If the batteries are connected in series with each other throughout the floor, this is a horizontal riser. The disadvantage of both connections is the trapped air in radiators and pipes.

The heating system with one main riser is equipped with heating devices with increased reliability characteristics. All devices of a one-pipe system are designed for high fever and must withstand high pressure.

Installation technology of one-pipe heating system
1. Installing the boiler at the selected location. It is better to use the services of a specialist from a service center if the boiler is under warranty.
2. Installation of the main pipeline. If an improved system is being installed, then the obligatory installation of tees at the points of connection of radiators and bypasses. For heating systems with natural circulation when installing pipes
create a slope of 3 - 5o per meter of length, for a system with forced circulation of the coolant - 1 cm per meter of length.
3. Installation of the circulation pump. The circulation pump is designed for temperatures up to 60 ° C, therefore it is installed in that part of the system where the lowest temperature is, that is, at the inlet of the return pipe to the boiler. The pump is running on the power supply.
4. Installation of the expansion tank. An open expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system, a closed one - more often next to the boiler.
5. Installation of radiators. They make a marking of places for installing radiators, fix the latter with brackets. At the same time, they comply with the recommendations of the manufacturers of devices for observing the distances from walls, window sills, floors.
6. Connect the radiators according to the selected scheme, installing Mayevsky taps (for airing the radiators), overlapping taps, plugs.
7. The system is pressurized (air or water is supplied to the system under pressure to check the quality of connection of all elements of the system). Only after that, a coolant is poured into the heating system and a test run of the system is carried out, the adjustment elements are adjusted.

Two-pipe heating system

In a two-pipe heating system, the heated coolant circulates from the heater to the radiators and vice versa. This system is distinguished by the presence of two pipeline branches. One branch is used to transport and distribute the hot coolant, and along the second, the cooled liquid from the radiator returns to the boiler.

Two-pipe heating systems, like single-pipe ones, are divided into open and closed depending on the type of expansion tank. In modern two-pipe closed heating systems, membrane-type expansion tanks are used. The systems are officially recognized as the most environmentally friendly and safe.

According to the method of connecting elements in a two-pipe heating system, they are distinguished: vertical and horizontal systems.

In a vertical system all radiators are connected to a vertical riser. Such a system allows each floor to be connected separately to the riser in a multi-storey building. With this connection, there are no air pockets during operation. But the cost of this connection is slightly higher.

Two-pipe horizontal heating system mainly used in single-storey houses with a large area. In this system, the heating devices are connected to a horizontal pipeline. Risers for wiring the connection of heating elements are best installed on the staircase or in the corridor. Air congestions are vented by Mayevsky's taps.

Horizontal heating system is with bottom and top wiring... If the wiring is lower, then the "hot" pipeline runs in the lower part of the building: under the floor, in the basement. In this case, the return line is laid even lower. To improve the circulation of the coolant, the boiler is deepened so that all the radiators are above it. The return line is located even lower. The upper air line, which must be included in the circuit, serves to remove air from the network. If the routing is top, then the "hot" piping runs along the top of the building. The place for laying the pipeline is usually an insulated attic. At good insulation pipes heat loss is minimal. At flat roof this construction is unacceptable.

Advantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- even at the design stage, it is envisaged to install automatic thermostats for heating radiators and, therefore, the ability to regulate the temperature in each room;
- pipes in the premises are routed according to a special collector system, which ensures the independence of the operation of the circuit devices;
- in other words, the circuit elements in a two-pipe system are connected in parallel, as opposed to a single-pipe system, where the connection is sequential;
- batteries can be embedded into this system even after assembling the main line, which is impossible with a one-pipe system;
- the two-pipe heating system can be easily extended vertically and horizontally (if you have to finish building the house, then the heating system does not need to be changed).

For this system, it is not necessary to increase the number of sections in radiators in order to increase the volume of coolants. Errors made at the design stage are easily eliminated. The system is less vulnerable to defrosting.

Disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system:
- a more complex connection diagram;
- higher project cost (much more pipes are required);
- more laborious installation.
But these disadvantages are very well compensated for in winter, when the maximum accumulation of heat occurs in the house.

Installation of a two-pipe heating system
I. Installation of a heating system with top horizontal wiring
1. An angle fitting is installed to the branch pipe leaving the boiler, which turns the pipe upward.
2. Using tees and angles, mount the top line. Moreover, the tees are attached above the batteries.
3. When the upper line is installed, the tees are connected to the upper branch pipe of the battery, a shut-off valve is installed at the junction point.
4. Then the lower branch of the outlet pipeline is mounted. It goes around the perimeter of the house and collects in itself all the pipes coming from the lowest point of the batteries. Usually this branch is mounted at the basement level.
5. Install the free end of the outlet pipe in the receiving branch pipe of the boiler; if necessary, install a circulation pump in front of the inlet.

In a similar way, a closed system with a constant pressure maintained by a pressure pump and an open heating system with an open expansion tank at the highest point are installed.

The main disadvantage of a two-pipe heating system with top wiring is the installation of an expansion tank outside a warm room on the ceiling. The heating system with top piping also does not allow selection hot water for technical needs, as well as combine the expansion tank with the supply tank of the water supply system at home.

II. Installation of a heating system with lower horizontal piping
The system with the bottom piping has replaced the two-pipe heating system with the top piping. This made it possible to place an open-type expansion tank in a warm room and in an easily accessible place. Also, some saving of pipes became possible, the combination of an expansion tank and a supply tank of the water supply system of the house. The compatibility of the two tanks eliminated the need to control the coolant level, made it possible, if necessary, to use hot water directly from the heating system.
In such a scheme, the discharge line remains at the same level, and the supply line is lowered to the level of the discharge line. This improves aesthetics and reduces pipe consumption. But it works only in systems with forced circulation.

Installation sequence:
1. Mount downward angled fittings on the boiler nozzles.
2. At floor level, two pipe lines are installed along the walls. One line is connected to the supply outlet of the boiler, and the second to the receiving one.
3. Tees are installed under each battery to connect the batteries to the pipeline.
4. An expansion tank is installed at the top of the supply pipe.
5. As with the top piping, the free end of the discharge pipe is connected to the circulation pump and the pump to the inlet of the heating tank.

Maintenance of a two-pipe heating system
For high-quality maintenance of the heating system, it is necessary to implement a whole range of measures, including adjusting, balancing and adjusting the two-pipe heating system. To adjust and balance the system, special pipes are used, located at the highest and lowest point of the heat pipe. Air is discharged through the upper branch pipe, and water is supplied or drained through the lower branch pipe. With the help of special taps, excess air in the batteries is vented. To regulate the pressure in the system, a special container is used, into which air is pumped using a conventional pump. Special regulators, reducing the pressure in a specific battery, adjust the two-pipe heating system. The consequence of the redistribution of pressure is the equalization of temperatures between the first and last batteries.

Private home owners are often faced with the choice of which type of home heating to choose. There are only two types of heating systems traditionally used in everyday life: one-pipe and two-pipe. Each type has both advantages and disadvantages. The difference between both systems is different way delivery of coolant to heating devices. Which heating structure for your own house is better, one-pipe or two-pipe - to choose directly to the owner of the house, taking into account their own household needs, the expected heated area and the availability of finances.

In the first version, heat spreads through the house through one pipe, sequentially heating each room in the house. In the second case, the complex is equipped with two pipes. One by one, there is a direct supply of the coolant to. Another pipe serves to drain the cooled liquid back into the boiler for subsequent heating. A correct assessment of your own financial capabilities, an accurate calculation of the optimal parameters of the coolant in each individual case, will help not only to determine the type of heating system, but also competently.

It is possible to understand and figure out what is best for you, a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system, only after a thorough study of the technical nuances.

One-pipe heating system. General views

A single-pipe heating system can work both with a pump and with natural circulation of the coolant. Considering the second type, one should delve a little into the existing laws of physics. It is based on the principle of liquid expansion when heated. During operation, the heating boiler heats the coolant, which, due to the temperature difference and the generated pressure, rises along the riser to the highest point of the system. The upward movement of the coolant is carried out along one pipe, reaching the expansion tank. Accumulating there, hot water already fills all the batteries connected in series through the descending pipe.

Accordingly, the connection points first along the flow of the coolant will receive maximum heat, while the partially cooled liquid will already enter the radiators located further away.

For large, multi-storey buildings, such a scheme is extremely ineffective, although in terms of installation and maintenance costs, a one-pipe system looks attractive. For private one-story houses, residential buildings on two floors, a similar principle of heat distribution is acceptable. Heating of living quarters using a one-pipe circuit in one-story house quite effective. With a small heated area The temperature in the radiators is practically the same. The use of the pump in longer systems also has a positive effect on the uniformity of heat distribution.

The quality of heating and the cost of installation in this case may depend on the type of connection. Diagonal connection radiators give high heat transfer, but they are used less often, due to more pipes required to connect all heating devices in living quarters.

The circuit with the bottom connection of the radiators looks more economical due to the lower consumption of materials. From an aesthetic point of view, this type of connection looks preferable.

Advantages of a one-pipe heating system and its disadvantages

For owners of small residential buildings, a one-pipe heating system looks tempting, especially if you pay attention to its following advantages:

has stable hydrodynamics;
convenience and simplicity of design and installation;
small costs for equipment and materials.

The indirect advantages of a one-pipe system include the safety of supplying a coolant that diverges through the pipeline through natural circulation.

The most common problems that owners of a one-pipe heating system have to face include the following aspects:

technical difficulties in eliminating miscalculations in the work made during the design;
close interconnection of all elements;
high hydrodynamic resistance of the system;
technological limitations associated with the impossibility self adjustment coolant flow rate.

Despite the listed disadvantages of this type of heating, a well-made heating system project will avoid many difficulties even at the installation stage. In view of the listed advantages and economic component, one-pipe schemes have become quite widespread. Both one-pipe and another type, two-pipe heating system have real advantages. What can you win and what can you lose by choosing one of the types for your home?

Technology of connection and location of a one-pipe heating system

One-pipe systems are divided into vertical and horizontal. In most cases, vertical wiring is used for multi-storey buildings. In this case, all radiators are connected in series from the top to the very bottom. With horizontal routing, the batteries are connected horizontally one after the other. The main disadvantage of both options is frequent air locks, due to the accumulation of air in the radiators. The proposed scheme makes it possible to get an idea of some of the wiring options.

Connection methods in this case are chosen at the discretion of the owner. Heating radiators can be connected by side connection, diagonal or bottom connection... The figure shows similar connection options.

For the owner of the house, the economic feasibility of the equipment installed in the house and the resulting effect is always an important aspect. Don't underestimate the one-pipe heating option. Today, in practice, rather effective measures are being taken to improve heating schemes of this type.

For example: there is a technical solution that allows you to independently adjust the heating of individual radiators connected to the same line. For this purpose, bypasses are created in the system - a pipe segment that creates a bypass movement of the coolant from a straight pipe to a return flow, bypassing the circuit of a certain battery.

Gates and valves are installed on the bypasses to shut off the coolant flow. It is possible to install thermostats on radiators, allowing you to regulate the heating temperature in each radiator or throughout the entire system. A competent specialist will be able to calculate and carry out the installation of bypasses to achieve maximum efficiency. The diagram shows the principle of bypass operation.

Two-pipe heating system. Operating principle

Having familiarized yourself with the first type of heating system, one-pipe, it's time to understand the features and principle of operation of a two-pipe heating scheme. A thorough analysis of the technological and technical parameters of this type of heating allows consumers to make an independent choice - which heating is more efficient in a particular case, one-pipe or two-pipe.

The basic principle is the presence of two circuits along which the coolant diverges through the system. One pipe provides the supply of coolant to the heating radiators. The second branch is designed so that the already cooled coolant, after passing through the radiator, returns to the boiler again. And so it is constantly, in a circle, while the heating works. At first glance, the very presence of two pipelines in the scheme may alienate consumers. The long length of highways, the complexity of the wiring are factors that often scare away owners of private houses from a two-pipe heating system.

This is at first glance. Like one-pipe systems, two-pipe systems are divided into closed and open. The difference in this case lies in the design of the expansion tank.

Closed with a diaphragm expansion tank are the most practical, convenient and safe to use. This is confirmed by the obvious advantages:

even at the design stage, you can equip heating devices with thermostats;
parallel, independent connection of radiators;
technical possibility of adding heating devices after completion of installation;
ease of use of a hidden gasket;
the ability to turn off individual radiators or branches;
ease of system adjustment.

Based on the foregoing, we can draw one unambiguous conclusion. A two-pipe heating system is much more flexible and technologically advanced than a single-pipe one.

For comparison, the following diagram is presented:

The two-pipe system is very convenient for operation in a house in which it is planned to increase the living space; extension options are possible, both upward and along the perimeter of the building. Already at the stage of work, you can easily eliminate the technical errors made in the design. Such a scheme is more stable and reliable than a one-pipe one.

With all the obvious advantages, before opting for this type of heating, it is appropriate to recall the disadvantages of a two-pipe system.

It's important to know! The system is distinguished by a higher complexity and cost of installation and rather cumbersome connection options.

If you have a competent specialist at hand, the necessary technical calculations have been carried out, then the listed disadvantages are easily compensated for by the advantages of a two-pipe heating scheme.

As in the case of the one-pipe system, the two-pipe version assumes the use of vertical or horizontal pipelines. Vertical system - radiators are connected to a vertical riser. This type is convenient for two-storey private houses and cottages. Traffic jams are not scary for you. In the case of the horizontal version, radiators in each room or room are connected to a horizontal pipeline. Two-pipe horizontal heating schemes are mainly designed for heating single-storey buildings and large residential buildings with the need for floor-by-floor adjustment. Air jams that arise are easily eliminated by installing Mayevsky taps on radiators.

The figure shows a vertical two-pipe heating system. Below you can see what a horizontal two-pipe system looks like.

Traditionally, the connection of radiators can be carried out using the lower and upper wiring. Depending on the technical conditions and the project - the choice of the layout option depends on the owner of the house. Top routing is more convenient. All highways can be hidden in the attic space. The system creates the circulation necessary for good distribution of the coolant. The main disadvantage of a two-pipe heating scheme with an upper wiring option is the need to install a membrane tank outside the heated premises. The top routing does not allow for a fence technical water for domestic needs, as well as connect the expansion tank with a tank for hot water used in everyday life. This arrangement is not suitable for flat roof residential buildings.

Summary

The selected type of heating for a private house must provide all residents of a residential building with the necessary comfort. It is not worth saving on heating. Having installed a heating system in your house that does not meet the parameters of a residential building and household needs, you risk spending a lot of money on re-equipment in the future.

Two-pipe or one-pipe heating system - the choice must always be justified, both from a technical point of view and from an economic point of view.

The organization of heating a private house is not an easy job that requires maximum attention to each stage. First of all, it is necessary to decide which heating system to use: one-pipe or two-pipe? Your task is to choose the most effective strapping option, so as not to reap the fruits of your mistakes in the form of ever-cold ones in the future. And in order to understand which of the systems is better, we will understand the technical nuances and principles of operation of each, and also compare their pros and cons.

Distinctive features of a one-pipe system

One-pipe piping operates to the maximum simple principle: water circulates through closed system from a heating device to heating radiators. In this case, the equipment is united by one circuit. All technical units are connected in series with a common riser. In a private house, a hydraulic pump can be used to supply the coolant - it creates the pressure in the system necessary to effectively push water through the riser. Depending on the installation option, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

Vertical - involves connecting radiators to one vertical riser according to the "top-down" scheme. Based on the features of the installation, the system is suitable only for two-three-storey private houses. But at the same time, the heating temperature on the floors may differ slightly.
Horizontal - provides for a series connection of batteries using a horizontal riser. Best option for a one-story house.

Important! There should be no more than 10 radiators per riser of a one-pipe system, otherwise too uncomfortable temperature contrasts in different heating zones cannot be avoided.

Pros and cons of a one-pipe system

In the matter of the advantages and disadvantages of one-pipe piping, everything is not so simple, therefore, in order to rationally evaluate the system, we will understand in detail the specifics of its pros and cons.

Among the obvious advantages:

Economical - the assembly of a one-pipe system does not require a large number of working materials. Savings on pipes and miscellaneous auxiliary elements makes it possible to reduce financial costs for connecting the heating system.
Ease of installation - you only need to install one line for the coolant.

One-pipe horizontal heating system

Cons of one-pipe piping:

Inability to control individual batteries - in the basic version, a single-pipe piping does not allow separately regulating the supply of the coolant to a particular radiator and adjusting the temperature in different rooms.
The interdependence of all elements - in order to repair or replace any device, it is necessary to completely turn off the heating system.

At the same time, the indicated disadvantages, if desired, can be easily leveled with the help of closing devices - bypasses. They are jumpers with taps and gates that block the flow of coolant to a separate battery: if you need to repair any device, just block the water supply to it and start performing without fear of leakage necessary work- water in normal mode will continue to circulate in common system heating, bypassing the covered area. In addition, thermostats can be connected to the bypasses in order to control the operating power of each specific battery and separately regulate the heating temperature of the premises.

Technical subtleties of the two-pipe system

The two-pipe system works according to a complicated scheme: first, the hot coolant is supplied to the radiators through the first branch of the pipeline, and then, already cooled down, the water flows back to the heater through the return branch. Thus, we have two fully functional pipes.

Like one-pipe piping, two-pipe piping can be made in two variations. So, depending on the characteristics of the connection heating equipment, there are the following types of heating systems:

Vertical - all devices are connected by a vertical riser. The advantage of the system is the absence of air congestion. The downside is the relatively high cost of connection.
Horizontal - all components of the heating system are connected to a horizontal riser. Due to its high functionality, the strapping is suitable for single-storey dwellings with a large heating area.

Advice. When arranging a horizontal two-pipe system, a special Mayevsky crane must be installed in each radiator - it will perform the function of bleeding air plugs.

In turn, the horizontal system is divided into two more subspecies:

Bottom routing: Hot and return piping is located in the basement or under the floor of the lower floor. Heating radiators should be located above the heater level - this improves the circulation of the coolant. An upper air line must be connected to the general circuit - it removes excess air from the network.
With top routing: hot and return branches are laid in the upper part of the house, for example, in a high-quality insulated attic. An expansion tank is also located here.

Pros and cons of a two-pipe system

Double-pipe piping boasts a rather large list of advantages:

Independence of the system components - the pipes are routed in a parallel collector scheme, which ensures their isolation from each other.
Uniform heating - in all radiators, wherever they are located, the coolant is supplied with the same temperature.

Two-pipe heating system

No need to use a strong hydraulic pump - the coolant circulates through the two-pipe system by gravity due only to gravitational force, so you do not need to use powerful pumping equipment for heating. And if there is a weak head of the water flow, you can connect the simplest pump.
Possibility of "building up" batteries - if necessary, after assembling the equipment, you can extend the existing horizontal or vertical piping, which is unrealistic with a one-pipe version of the heating system.

The two-pipe system also has disadvantages:

Complicated wiring diagram for heating equipment.
Labor intensity of installation.
The high cost of organizing heating due to a large number pipes and accessories.

Now you know how one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems differ from each other, which means that it will be easier for you to decide in favor of one of them. Before making the final choice, carefully evaluate the technical and functional pros and cons of each of the straps - so you will understand exactly what system is needed to heat your particular private house.

Connecting heating radiators: video

Heating system: photo

A two-pipe heating system is more complex than a one-pipe heating system, and the amount of materials required for installation is much larger. Nevertheless, it is the 2-pipe heating system that is more popular. From the name it follows that it uses two contours. One serves to deliver the hot coolant to the radiators, and the second takes the cooled coolant back. Such a device is applicable for all types of structures, as long as their layout allows the installation of this structure.

The demand for a double-circuit heating system is explained by the presence a number of significant advantages... First of all, it is preferable to a single-circuit one, since in the latter the coolant loses a noticeable part of the heat even before it enters the radiators. In addition, the double-circuit design is more versatile and suitable for houses of different storeys.

The disadvantage of a two-pipe system its high price is considered. However, many people mistakenly believe that the presence of 2 circuits implies the use of twice the number of pipes, and the cost of such a system is twice that of a single pipe. The fact is that for a single-pipe structure, it is necessary to take pipes large diameter... This ensures the normal circulation of the coolant in the pipeline, and hence the efficient operation of such a structure. The advantage of a two-pipe one is that for its installation, pipes of a smaller diameter are taken, which are much cheaper. Accordingly, additional elements (squeegees, valves, etc.) are also used with a smaller diameter, which also somewhat reduces the cost of the design.

The budget for installing a two-pipe system will not come out much more than for a single-pipe system. On the other hand, the efficiency of the former will be noticeably higher, which will be a good compensation.

Application example

One of the places where two-pipe heating would be very useful is garage... This is a working room, so constant heating is not required here. In addition, a two-pipe heating system with your own hands is a very real idea. Installing such a system in the garage is not necessary, but it will not be superfluous at all, since it is very difficult to work here in winter: the engine does not start, the oil freezes, and it is simply uncomfortable to work with your hands. The two-pipe heating system provides quite acceptable conditions for being in the room.

Varieties of two-pipe systems for heating

There are several criteria by which such heating structures can be classified.

Open and closed

Closed systems suggest the use of an expansion tank with a membrane. They can work at elevated pressure. Instead of ordinary water in closed systems, heat transfer fluids based on ethylene glycol can be used, which do not freeze when low temperatures(up to 40 ° C below zero). Motorists know these fluids under the name "antifreeze".

1. Heating boiler; 2. Security group; 3. Overpressure relief valve; 4. Radiator; 5. Return pipe; 6. Expansion tank; 7. Valve; 8. Drain valve; 9. Circulation pump; 10. Manometer; 11. Make-up valve.

However, it must be remembered that for heating devices there are special compositions of coolants, as well as special additives and additives. The use of common substances can lead to damage to expensive heating boilers. Such cases can be regarded as out of warranty, because repairs will require significant costs.

Open system is characterized by the fact that the expansion tank must be installed strictly at the highest point of the device. It needs to provide for an air pipe and a drain pipe through which excess water is drained from the system. Also through it you can take warm water for household needs. However, this use of the tank requires automatic replenishment of the structure and excludes the possibility of using additives and additives.

1. Heating boiler; 2. Circulation pump; 3. Heating devices; 4. Differential valve; 5. Locking valves; 6. Expansion tank.

And yet a two-pipe closed-type heating system is considered safer, therefore modern boilers most often they are designed for it.

Horizontal and vertical

These types differ in the location of the main pipeline. It serves to connect all structural elements. Both horizontal and vertical systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, they both show good heat dissipation and hydraulic stability.

Two-pipe horizontal heating design found in one-story buildings, and vertical- in high-rise buildings. It is more complicated and, accordingly, more expensive. Here vertical risers are used, to which heating elements are connected on each floor. The advantage of vertical systems is that, as a rule, there are no air pockets in them, since the air flows up through the pipes to the expansion tank.

Forced and natural circulation systems

These types differ in that, firstly, there is an electric pump that makes the coolant move, and secondly, the circulation occurs by itself, obeying physical laws. The downside of pump designs is that they depend on the availability of electricity. For small rooms, there is no special sense in forced systems, except that the house will heat up faster. With large areas, such designs will be justified.

In order to choose the right type of circulation, it is necessary to take into account which type of pipe routing used: top or bottom.

Top-wired system involves laying the main pipeline under the ceiling of the building. This provides a high pressure of the coolant, due to which it passes well through the radiators, which means that the use of a pump will be unnecessary. Such devices look more aesthetically pleasing, the pipes at the top can be hidden with decorative elements. However, a diaphragm tank must be installed in this system, which entails additional costs. An open tank can also be installed, but it must be at the highest point of the system, that is, in the attic. In this case, the tank must be insulated.

Bottom wiring involves the installation of the pipeline just below the windowsill. In this case, you can install an open expansion tank anywhere in the room slightly above the pipe and radiators. But you cannot do without a pump in such a design. In addition, difficulties arise if the pipe must pass by the doorway. Then it is necessary to let it go around the perimeter of the door or make 2 separate wings in the contour of the structure.

Dead-end and passing

In a dead end system the coolant hot and cooled go in different directions. In a passing system, designed according to the Tichelman scheme (loop), both flows go in the same direction. The difference between these types is in the ease of balancing. If the associated one, when using radiators with an equal number of sections, is already balanced in itself, then a thermostatic valve or a needle valve must be installed in the dead-end for each radiator.

If radiators with an unequal number of sections are used in the Tichelman scheme, then valves or valves are also required here. But even in this case, such a design is easier to balance. This is especially true in extended heating systems.

Selection of pipes by diameter

The choice of the pipe cross-section must be made based on the volume of the coolant, which must pass per unit of time. It, in turn, depends on the heat output that is required to heat the room.

In our calculations, we will proceed from the fact that the amount of heat losses is known and there is numerical value the heat required for heating.

Calculations begin with the final, that is, the farthest radiator of the system. To calculate the flow rate of the coolant for a room, you need the formula:

G = 3600 × Q / (c × Δt), where:

G - water consumption for space heating (kg / h);
Q - thermal power required for heating (kW);
c - heat capacity of water (4.187 kJ / kg × ° C);
Δt is the temperature difference between the hot and cooled heat carrier, taken equal to 20 ° C.

For example, it is known that the heat output for heating a room is 3 kW. Then the water consumption will be:
3600 × 3 / (4.187 × 20) = 129 kg / h, that is, about 0.127 cubic meters. m of water per hour.

To water heating has been balanced as accurately as possible, it is necessary to determine the cross-section of the pipes. For this we use the formula:

S = GV / (3600 × v), where:

S is the cross-sectional area of the pipe (m2);
GV - volumetric water flow rate (m3 / h);
v - the speed of water movement, is in the range of 0.3-0.7 m / s.

If the system uses natural circulation, then the speed of movement will be minimal - 0.3 m / s. But in this example, let's take the average value - 0.5 m / s. Using this formula, we calculate the cross-sectional area, and based on it, the inner diameter of the pipe. It will be 0.1 m. polypropylene pipe the nearest larger diameter... This product has an inner diameter of 15mm.

Then we move on to the next room, calculate the flow rate of the coolant for it, add it up with the flow rate for the calculated room and determine the diameter of the pipe. And so on to the boiler itself.

System installation

When installing a structure, you should adhere to certain rules:

any two-pipe system includes 2 circuits: the upper one serves to supply hot coolant to the radiators, the lower one - to remove the cooled one;
the pipeline should have a slight slope towards the final radiator;
the pipes of both circuits must be parallel;
the central riser must be insulated to prevent heat loss when supplying the coolant;
in reversible two-pipe systems, it is necessary to provide several taps with which it is possible to drain water from the device. This may be needed during repair work;
when designing a pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the smallest possible number of angles;
the expansion tank must be installed at the highest point in the system;
diameters of pipes, taps, squeegees, connections must match;
when installing a pipeline made of heavy steel pipes to support them, you need to install special fasteners. Maximum distance between them is 1.2 m.

How to make correct connection heating radiators, which will provide the most comfortable conditions in the apartment? When installing two-pipe heating systems, you must adhere to the following sequence:

The central riser of the heating system is diverted from the boiler.
At the highest point, the central riser ends with an expansion tank.
From it, pipes are laid throughout the building, which supply hot coolant to the radiators.
To remove the cooled heat carrier from heating radiators with a two-pipe design, a parallel supply pipeline is laid. It must be connected to the bottom of the boiler.
For systems with forced circulation of the coolant, an electric pump must be provided. It can be installed at any convenient point. Most often, it is mounted near the boiler, near the point of entry or exit.

Connecting a heating radiator is not such a difficult process, if you approach this issue carefully.

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