In residential buildings for comfortable stay high-quality communications are needed, including those intended for heating. They are divided in two large groups- one-pipe and two-pipe. The former are much simpler and cheaper. Hot water is supplied and discharged through one pipeline to all heating devices connected in series to the system. The one-pipe system is ideal for one-storey house with a small area without a basement.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

Despite the higher cost of installation, systems with two pipelines are used more often, as they are suitable for buildings of any number of storeys and configurations. It should be borne in mind that the decision to install such a heating is best made under construction. Although the possibility of installation in a finished house is not excluded.

Two-pipe system received a similar name due to the fact that the coolant through one pipe it is fed to the radiators, through the other - it is removed. Heating devices are connected in parallel, and the temperature in them does not depend on the distance to the collector or boiler.

The main advantages of the double pipe system are:

• in all heating devices coolant is supplied from the same temperature;
• it is possible to install thermostats on radiators, allowing you to regulate the temperature of the coolant;
• the failure of one heating device does not affect the operation of the others in any way;
• can be used in houses with any number of floors.

The disadvantages include:

• many pipes and fittings;
• rather complicated installation;
• higher cost than a single pipe system.

Varieties of the system with two pipes

Double-pipe heating can be with natural and forced circulation of the coolant, with vertical or horizontal wiring. Exists various installation schemes for one-story, two-story and multi-story buildings.

Vertical two-pipe wiring in a one-story house

The main advantage of such a system is the ability to install pipes of the same diameter and high pressure due to the difference in flow and return levels. The main circumstance that may not suit you is the need to install an expansion tank in an unheated attic. But this disadvantage can be eliminated by moving the tank to the heated areas.

Those opting for overhead routing most likely don't care about the location of the pipes under the ceiling. In this case, the supply pipe can be placed above the windows, and the tank under the ceiling. But it should be borne in mind that it can decrease the circulation rate due to a decrease in the length of the riser. With this scheme, the pipes will be above the windows in all rooms without exception.

If the distance from the top of the window to the ceiling is too small, then a cutout in the ceiling can be made next to the riser so that the tank remains in a heated room. Only the upper part will have to be insulated. In this case, the riser will be longer. But it will be impossible to take industrial water, since the expansion tank cannot be combined with the consumable one.

The return line, when using two pipelines, is mounted on the floor or under the floor. However, for underfloor installations, no connectors may be used. They increase the likelihood of leakage.

Pipes above windows or under the ceiling spoil appearance premises. In addition, some of the heat is lost through the ceiling. Therefore, there is a scheme with a supply pipe under the radiators. But the main disadvantages of the top wiring it doesn't fix it.

When the coolant enters from above, practically no air locks, since the pressure in the riser is quite high. If you include a pump in the system, then pipes of the minimum diameter can be used.

Vertical two-pipe wiring in a two-story house

If there are two floors in the house, this scheme is more effective - increased circulation due to the large difference in the height of the radiators on the second floor and the boiler located in the basement. Hot water from the boiler enters the distribution tank in the attic or on the second floor, then goes through the inclined pipeline to the heating devices. In this version, the expansion tank can be combined with a distribution tank designed for hot water supply. With a wood-burning boiler, the house turns out to be completely independent of power outages.

Even more successful in a two-story house may be a combined system - a combination of a one-pipe and two-pipe scheme. At the same time, the possibility remains regulate temperature regime in all rooms.

Another option is to lay pipes on the second floor in the form warm floor. This part can be installed as a separate one-pipe system. If the supply pipe is directed from the boiler to the second floor, there is no need to slope the pipeline.

TO disadvantages top wiring can be attributed:

• high pipe consumption;
• problems with the placement of the expansion tank;
• unaesthetic appearance of the premises;
• additional costs for decorative trim(to hide pipes);
• the rooms on the second floor warm up better;
• it is not always possible to combine the expansion tank with the distribution tank;
• cannot be installed in rooms with a large area.

But the top routing is often used because of the main advantage - the high speed of water circulation and the absence of air locks.

Bottom piped two-pipe system

Horizontal routing has two main features - increased pipeline diameter and its location at an angle with respect to the plane. It is possible to install a system with horizontal distribution and natural circulation or with a pump (with forced circulation). This scheme is chosen in homes. with a sloping roof and a nice basement.

When using horizontal distribution, the supply pipe can be installed at the same level with the radiators or even under them. The main disadvantage of such a system is frequent formation of air congestion, to eliminate which it is necessary to install Mayevsky taps on each heating device.

Benefits of bottom routing:

• high efficiency;
• can be mounted in an unfinished building;
• you can turn off the top floor if it is temporarily not used or is being repaired;
• all shut-off valves are installed in one room;
• the system can be easily closed and adjusted.

The system with bottom wiring can be with radiators installed in parallel or collector. In the second version, two pipelines leave the collector for each radiator - supply and discharge. Premises warm up better but for installation you need a large number of pipe materials and fittings.

Installation features

When installing two-pipe heating, some rules must be observed:

If a collector is installed in heating, it must be installed in such a way that the distance from it to any radiator is the same. The material for the pipeline is chosen depending on the preferences of the owner of the house and hydraulic calculations.

Heating system wiring in a multi-storey building

In multi-storey buildings, combined heating systems are most often installed - wiring for floors with two pipes, for apartments with one. But sometimes there are other options.

Worst of all, if in apartment building single-pipe wiring is used. The main disadvantage of such a system is large heat loss during the transportation of the coolant. Hot water flows from below, is distributed to all apartments and returns to the same pipeline. It usually turns out that the radiators on the upper floors are almost cold. It is even worse if the system is simplified during installation - radiators are embedded in the pipeline, that is, they are part of the pipeline. Residents of the first floors win. The coolant enters the last floors even colder than with an unsimplified scheme.

It's not worth talking about regulating the temperature of radiators at all. If you change the flow parameters in one heater, they will immediately change in the entire system. Besides, in case of an accident during the heating season, to change one radiator, you need to turn off the entire system and drain the water from it. To not do this, special jumpers are used.

It is possible to slightly improve the heating performance with one pipe if you install radiators of different sizes- the first are small, the last are the largest. This can make heating more even. If the developer saves on materials, after settling in, problems arise with the distribution of heat energy, and the tenants remain dissatisfied.

The two-pipe system is more convenient, as it allows you to keep the temperature at the same level in all heating devices. The water that has cooled down in the radiators is returned through another pipeline. In addition, residents have the opportunity to regulate the temperature each heater and install taps with thermostats. Another advantage is the ability to include radiators with bottom and side connections in the system.

Heating wiring diagram for a private house

The choice of a circuit for heating wiring primarily depends on number of storeys and area of ​​the house. For example, in a one-story house with an area of ​​less than 100 m 2, no one will install two pipelines. Depending on the availability of a basement and an attic, the owner will choose a one-pipe system with top or bottom wiring. If the boiler is installed in a basement, horizontal wiring is preferable. If there is no cellar, then the only option is vertical wiring.

If at home big square and two or three floors, it is imperative to install heating with two pipelines, with vertical or horizontal wiring. Both options have both advantages and disadvantages. With vertical wiring, the temperature is evenly distributed over the heating devices, but a well-insulated attic is needed. The advantages of horizontal wiring include the ability to install radiators with different connections and placement of all control devices in one room. The main disadvantages of the horizontal system: high consumption of pipe materials, complex and time-consuming installation, impossibility to install cast iron heating devices.

In small two-storey houses, a closed one-pipe vertical heating "Leningradka" is often installed. The pipeline is laid around the perimeter, a vertical riser is welded to the boiler, an expansion tank is installed in the attic, from which the coolant is distributed over the radiators. But the final choice of the scheme completely depends on the preferences of the home owners.

Almost all heating systems currently available in any buildings and structures can be attributed to one of the two classes mentioned in the heading of this article.

The answer to the question of what is better is a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system, you can only carefully understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options considered.

Characteristics of a one-pipe home heating system

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally.

One-pipe CO has all the basic elements inherent in any heating system. The main ones are:

• A heating boiler that runs on any type of fuel that is most readily available at the location of the heated building. It can be a gas, solid fuel or liquid fuel boiler. The type of fuel used by the boiler has no effect on the heating scheme;
• Pipes through which the coolant circulates;
• Locking equipment for various purposes (latches, valves);
• Heating devices and thermometers;
• Air bleed valves. Placed on radiators (Mayevsky taps) and at the top point of the CO;
• Drain cock (at the lowest point of the CO);
• Expansion tank, open or closed.

Benefits of using one-pipe systems

The difference between a one-pipe heating system and a two-pipe heating system is that the first is by far the simplest and most effective way to heat buildings with an area of ​​up to 150 m2.

Installation of a circulation pump and the use of modern technical solutions allow you to guarantee the required temperature parameters in heated rooms. Therefore, answering the question, which one-pipe or two-pipe heating system to choose, including undeniable advantages the first system should be noted:

Installation versatility. Such a system can be installed in a building of any configuration, and a closed loop guarantees the movement of the coolant along the entire perimeter of the heated premises.
Unlike two-pipe, one-pipe CO can be mounted in such a way that the heating of the premises starts from the coldest side of the building (northern), regardless of the place where the boiler is installed, or from the most important premises (nursery, bedroom, etc.).

The installation of the system requires a minimum number of pipes and shut-off and control equipment, the complete installation of CO is performed in a much shorter time than CO with two pipes. All this allows you to get serious savings in funds allocated for payment construction works.

The system allows installation of the pipe directly on the floor or under it, which makes it possible to implement any design solutions in the premises.

The scheme provides for serial and parallel connection of heating devices, which allows you to control the temperature in them and adjust it;

Subject to certain installation requirements, the system can be made in a non-volatile version. In the event that the pump stops when there is a power failure, the coolant supply line switches to a parallel laid branch. In this case, the CO, from the option with forced (PC) circulation, goes over to natural circulation (EC).

Disadvantages inherent in the specified CO option

A two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house? Evaluating the pros and cons, it should be borne in mind that the main disadvantage of a single-pipe CO is the fact that the heating devices are connected in series. And this, during operation, excludes the possibility of effective temperature control in one of them, without that it does not affect the rest of the radiators.

A factor influencing the choice whether a two-pipe or one-pipe heating system of a private house will be mounted at your facility, do not forget about such a disadvantage of the latter as the increased pressure in the system compared to the two-pipe version. This can be achieved by increasing the power of the circulating pump installed in the system, which entails an increase in operating costs and increases the likelihood of leaks, and also requires more frequent addition of coolant to the system.

The system requires vertical filling. And this automatically determines the location of the expansion tank attic and, accordingly, solving the issue with its insulation.

If such a system is installed in a two-story building, then another problem arises. The temperature of the water entering the first floor may differ from that initially supplied to the second floor by almost 50%. To avoid this, it is necessary to install additional jumpers on each floor, and the number of sections of heating devices on the first floor should significantly exceed that installed on the second.

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? We have already covered the first one. Let's consider the second one.

Such a system a priori implies the presence of 2 pipelines placed along the perimeter of the heated room. Radiators cut in between them, which dampen pressure drops and create hydraulic bridges. However, the problems created by this can be leveled out due to the correct configuration of the CO.

• Two-pipe systems can be vertical and horizontal, depending on the location of the supply and return (parallel to the slabs or perpendicular to them). However, it should be understood that the circuit installed in apartment buildings is inherently a horizontal two-pipe CO.

  A two-pipe vertical will turn out when the radiators are installed not in the breaks of the risers (as in the above case), but between the supply and return.

• Passing and dead-end COs. The first type includes systems in which hot water passing through the radiator, it moves in the same direction along the return line. If the direction of movement of the heating medium changes after the heater, the system is classified as dead-end.

  The required option is selected taking into account the availability of CO pipes on the line doorways, which are quite difficult to get around, it is easier to return the water in the direction in which it came.

• With bottom and top filling.
• With natural (EC) and forced (PC) circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

One-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are compared according to their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the second system are:

1. The flow into all heating devices of the heat carrier with the same temperature, which allows you to set your own value for the required temperature for a specific room;
2. Less pressure losses in the lines, which allows using a pump of lower power (saving money on operation);
3. The system allows installation in buildings of any size and number of storeys;
4. The presence of shut-off valves allows for preventive maintenance and repairs without stopping the entire CO.

Most of heating systems multi-apartment and private houses built exactly according to this scheme. What are its advantages and are there any disadvantages?

Can a do-it-yourself two-pipe heating system be installed?

The difference between a two-pipe heating system and a one-pipe

Let's first define what kind of animal it is - a two-pipe heating system. That she uses exactly two pipes is easy to guess from the name; but where do they lead and why are they needed?

The fact is that in order to heat a heating device with any coolant, its circulation is needed. It can be achieved in one of two ways:

1. One-pipe scheme (so-called barrack type)
2. Two-pipe heating.

In the first case, the entire heating system is one big ring. It can be opened by heating devices, or, which is much more reasonable, they can be placed parallel to the pipe; the main thing is that no separate supply and return pipelines pass through the heated room.

Rather, in this case, these functions are combined by the same pipe.

What in this case do we gain and what do we lose?

• Dignity: minimum costs materials.
• Disadvantage: a large spread in the temperature of the coolant between the radiators at the beginning and at the end of the ring.

The second scheme - two-pipe heating - is a little more complicated and costly. Through the entire room (in the case of a multi-storey building - at least on one of its floors or in the basement) there are two pipelines - supply and return.

According to the first, hot coolant (most often conventional industrial water) goes to the heating devices in order to give them heat, on the second - it returns.

Each heater (or a riser with several heaters) is placed in a gap between the supply and return.

There are two main consequences of such a connection scheme:

• Disadvantage: much more pipe consumption for two pipelines instead of one.
• Advantage: the ability to supply a coolant of approximately the same temperature to ALL heating devices.

Advice: for each heater in case large room it is imperative to install an adjusting throttle.

This will allow you to even out the temperature more precisely, making it so that the water flow from the supply to the return on the nearest radiators will not "sink" those more distant from the boiler or elevator.

Features of two-pipe heating systems in apartment buildings

In the case of apartment buildings, of course, no one puts throttles on separate risers and does not constantly regulate the water flow; equalization of the coolant temperature at different distances from the elevator is achieved in a different way: the supply and return pipelines running through the basement (the so-called heating bed) have a much larger diameter than heating risers.

Alas, in new houses built after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of strict state control over construction organizations, the use of pipes of approximately the same diameter on risers and planks, as well as thin-walled pipes installed for welding valves and other cute signs of a new social order, began to be practiced.

The consequence of such savings is cold radiators in apartments located on maximum distance from the elevator unit; by a funny coincidence, these apartments are usually corner and share a wall with the street. A pretty cold wall.

However, we have deviated from the topic. The two-pipe heating system in an apartment building has another feature: for its normal functioning, water must circulate through the risers, rising and falling up and down. If something interferes with her, the riser with all the batteries remains cold.

What to do if the home heating system is running, but the radiators are at room temperature?

1. Make sure the valves on the riser are open.
2. If all the flags and lambs are in the "open" position, close one of the paired risers (we, of course, are talking about the house with, where both beds are in the basement) and open the vent located next to it.
   If the water flows with a normal pressure, there are no obstacles to the normal circulation of the riser, except for air at its upper points. Tip: Drain more water until, after a long snort of the air-water mixture, a powerful and stable jet of hot water comes out. Perhaps, in this case, you will not need to go up to the upper floor and bleed the air there - circulation will be restored after starting.
3. If the water does not flow, try to bypass the riser in the opposite direction: perhaps a piece of scale or slag is stuck somewhere. It can be taken out by countercurrent.
4. If all attempts have failed and the riser does not go to discharge, most likely a search for a room will have to be done in which repairs were made and heating devices were changed. Here you can expect any trick: a removed and damped radiator without a jumper, a completely cut riser with plugs at both ends, a choke shut off for general reasons - again, in the absence of a jumper ... Human stupidity truly gives an idea of ​​infinity.

Features of the top filling system

Another way in which the installation of a two-pipe heating system is carried out is the so-called top filling. What is the difference? Only in the fact that the supply pipeline migrates to the attic or the upper floor. A vertical pipe connects the inlet to the elevator.

Circulation from top to bottom; the water path from the supply to the return at the same building height is twice as short; all the air does not end up in the risers in the apartments, but in a special expansion tank in the upper part of the supply pipeline.

Starting such a heating system is immeasurably simpler: after all, for the full operation of all heating risers, you do not need to get into every room on the top floor and bleed air there.

It is more problematic to turn off the risers when repairs are needed: after all, you need to go down to the basement and go up to the attic. Shut-off valves are located both there and there.

However, the above two-pipe heating systems are still characteristic to a greater extent for apartment buildings. What about private traders?

It is worth starting with the fact that in private houses the used 2-pipe heating system can be radial and sequential in the type of connection of heating devices.

1. Radiation: from the collector to each heating device there is its own supply and its own return.
2. Sequential: all heating devices are powered from a common pair of pipelines.

The advantages of the first connection scheme are mainly reduced to the fact that with such a connection, balancing of the two-pipe heating system is not required - there is no need to adjust the flow of throttles for radiators located closer to the boiler. The temperature will be the same everywhere (of course, with at least approximately the same length of the rays).

Its main disadvantage is the largest pipe consumption among all possible schemes. In addition, it will be simply unrealistic to stretch the piping to most of the radiators along the walls, while maintaining a somewhat decent appearance: they will have to be hidden under the screed during construction.

You can, of course, drag it through the basement, but remember: in private houses there are often no basements of sufficient height with free access there. In addition, the beam scheme is somehow convenient to use only when building a one-story house.

What do we have in the second case?

Of course, we have left the main disadvantage of one-pipe heating. The temperature of the coolant in all heating devices can theoretically be the same. The key word is theoretically.

Setting the heating system

In order for everything to work exactly the way we want it, we need to set up a two-pipe heating system.

The setup procedure itself is extremely simple: you need to turn the throttles on the radiators, starting with those closest to the boiler, reducing the flow of water through them. The goal is to make sure that a decrease in the flow of water through nearby heating devices increases the flow of water at distant ones.

The algorithm is simple: we slightly tighten the valve and measure the temperature on the distant heater. With a thermometer or by touch - in this case it's all the same: the human hand perfectly feels the difference of five degrees, and we don't need more accuracy.

Alas, it is impossible to give a more accurate recipe, except for "squeezing and measuring": calculating the exact permeability for each choke at each coolant temperature, and then also adjusting it to achieve the desired figures is an unrealistic task.

Two points to consider when adjusting a two-pipe heating system:

1. It takes a long time simply because after each change in the dynamics of the coolant, the temperature distribution stabilizes for a long time.
2. Heating regulation of a two-pipe system should be carried out BEFORE the onset of cold weather. This will prevent you from defrosting your home heating system if you miss the setting.

Advice: with a small amount of coolant, you can use antifreeze coolants - the same antifreeze or oil. It is more expensive, but you can leave the house without heating in winter, without fear of pipes and radiators.

Horizontal routing system

With horizontal arrangement of supply and return pipelines recent times from its fiefdom - private and low-rise buildings - began to penetrate into high-rise new buildings.

Apparently, to the greatest extent this is due to the fact that studio apartments have begun to gain popularity: with a large area of ​​the room without internal partitions, it is simply unprofitable to pull risers through the ceilings, as implies a 2-pipe vertical heating system; it's much easier to do the horizontal layout.

Two-pipe horizontal heating system in a typical modern house looks like this: the risers from the basement pass along the entrance. On each floor, tie-ins are made into the risers, which, through the valves, supply the coolant to the apartment and drain the waste water into the return pipeline.

Everything else is exactly like in a private house: two pipes, batteries and chokes on each of them. By the way, a horizontal heating system - two-pipe or one-pipe - is easier to repair: to dismantle and replace a pipe section, you do not need to violate the integrity of the floor; this is undoubtedly worth writing down in the merits of such a scheme.

The horizontal two-pipe heating system has one feature that flows from its device and leaves its mark on the start of heating. In order for the heater to transfer the maximum heat from the heating medium to the room air, it must be completely filled.

And this means that each such heating device, being in a typical case above the supply and return pipelines, must be equipped with a Mayevsky tap or any other vent in the upper part.

Tip: Mayevsky's taps are very compact and aesthetic, but they are not the most convenient device for removing air from a radiator.

Where aesthetics are unimportant (for example, when heating devices are covered with decorative grilles), it will be more convenient to put a water tap with a nose up or a ball valve.

We will not add this feature to the list of disadvantages: bypassing the batteries in one apartment once a year is not a lot of work.

As you might guess, a two-pipe horizontal heating system is not only a solution strictly for one-story buildings or for apartment buildings with studio apartments. For example, two-storey house with separate rooms, it can also be heated in the same way; you just have to make the wiring identical on both floors and bring the pipelines from the boiler to both systems.

Of course, balancing such a heating system will have to take a little more time; but this is a one-time event, and it is not difficult to experience it once in a few years.

Finally - a few definitions and just useful tips.

In the direction of the water flow in the pipelines, the 2 x pipe heating system can be dead-end and direct-flow.

• A two-pipe dead-end heating system is a system in which the coolant moves along the supply and return pipelines in opposite directions.
• In a once-through two-pipe heating system, the direction of flow in both pipelines is the same.

In private houses, two-pipe heating systems with both forced and natural circulation can be used.

• Forced circulation of the coolant is provided by a circulation pump; this quiet and low-power device is supplied, in particular, in one housing with many electric boilers.
• Natural circulation is used in small-volume heating systems; the principle of its operation is based on the fact that hot water has a lower density and rushes upward.

A two-pipe closed heating system, that is, a system with constant pressure and without both a water intake and an influx of coolant from the outside, is the most popular solution for private houses with electric boilers.

In order to transfer heat to distant rooms from a solid fuel boiler or stove, an open one and two-pipe system is also quite suitable.

The project of a two-pipe heating system can include radiators of any type, registers and convectors as heating devices; underfloor heating implies a different connection method.

In order to carry out the installation of heating a two-pipe system, it is certainly better to involve specialists in the work. However, the abundance of materials on this topic on the Internet and the ease of assembling modern plumbing and heating systems using fittings and machines makes it possible for an amateur to do this work, if there is a desire.

If you are installing a two-pipe heating system two-storey house, when balancing the system, it is worth considering the peculiarity of the communicating floors in terms of heat distribution: all other things being equal, the second floor will always be warmer.

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Heating systems: one-pipe, two-pipe.

Nowadays, they install 2 different systems heating: one-pipe or two-pipe. Each has its own design features... Two-pipe heating systems are the most popular.

Nowadays, 2 different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe, and each has its own characteristics.

One-pipe heating system

To understand what it looks like, look at the ring with a stone. In the heating system, the boiler plays the role of a stone. As for the ring, these are pipes of a specific diameter that run along the perimeter of the entire building. Radiators are connected to them. Water and sometimes antifreeze are often used as a coolant. The functionality of a one-pipe heating system is based on the gradual release of heat from water. Having passed through the ring, the water returns to the boiler with a lower temperature.

This scheme usually has a natural circulation of the coolant. Hot water is first supplied to the upper floor. And then, passing through the radiators, the part of the heat that has given off goes down to the boiler, carrying out full circulation. One-pipe heating system can be supplemented with elements:

• thermostatic valves;
• radiator regulators;
• balancing valves;
• ball valves.

Thanks to them, it becomes more balanced and it becomes possible to change the temperature in certain radiators.

Distinctive features of the heating system

The biggest plus is electrical independence, and the minus is pipes with large diameter and the routing is made with a slope.

In comparison with the two-pipe version, there are quite a few advantages:

• pipes can be diverted to the “warm floor” system or heating radiators can be connected;
• it can be carried out regardless of the layout of the room;
• it covers the entire perimeter with a closed ring;
• it is less material intensive and has a lower cost.

When using, difficulties may sometimes arise with circulation through the pipes, but this is easily solved by installing pump equipment. It produces competent circulation of the coolant through the pipes.

The vertical one-pipe scheme is a popular example of wiring in apartment buildings.

And horizontal is used mainly for heating huge rooms and in private buildings are used very rarely (mainly in small one-story houses). Here, the supply pipe bypasses the heating devices, which are on the same level. The water in each radiator cools down and, approaching the last heating devices, it becomes already significantly cooled. This scheme will help reduce installation and piping costs, but has two disadvantages.

Firstly, it is a problem with heat regulation in any heating device. You cannot increase heat transfer, reduce it, turn off the radiator. In the practice of installation, there is a jumper - bypass, which allows you to turn off the radiator without shutting down the system. Heating of the room is carried out indirectly by means of a riser or supply pipes. Another disadvantage is that you need to use radiators of various sizes. In order for the heat transfer to be the same, the first heater must be very small, and the last one must be large. A horizontal one-pipe heating scheme is also used.

Double pipe system

There are several types of it. The principle of operation is the same and consists in the following. Hot water rises through the riser and from it enters the radiators. And of them, through highways and return connections, it enters the pipeline, then into the heating device. With this system, the radiator is served by two pipes at the same time: return and supply, therefore it is called two-pipe. Water is supplied to this system directly from the mains. She needs an expansion tank, which is either simple or with water circulation.

The simple structure includes a container with 2 pipes. One is a water supply riser, and the second is used to drain excess liquid.

More complex construction has 4 pipes. 2 pipes provide circulation, and 2 others are needed for control and overflow, they also monitor the water level in the tank.

Two-pipe systems can be operated using a circulation pump. Depending on the way of circulation, it can be with a passing flow or a dead-end one. In the second, the movement of warm water is completely opposite to the direction of the already cooled one. Such a scheme is characterized by the length of the circulation rings, which depends on the distance of the heater from the boiler. Circulation rings have the same length in systems with one-way water movement, all devices and risers work in equal conditions.

A two-pipe heating system has a large set of advantages compared to a one-pipe heating system:

• the ability to distribute the heat supply in different rooms;
• can be used on one floor;
• locking systems of the return and supply risers are located in the basement - this significantly saves the area of ​​living quarters;
• minimizing heat loss.

The only drawback is the considerable consumption of materials: pipes need 2 times more than for a single-pipe connection. Also, the disadvantage is the low water pressure in the supply line: taps will be needed to bleed air.

Horizontal closed two-pipe scheme sometimes with lower and upper wiring. Benefit of bottom routing: sections of the system can be put into operation gradually, as the floors are built. The vertical two-pipe scheme can be used in houses with variable number of storeys. Any of the varieties of two-pipe schemes is more expensive than single-pipe horizontal wiring, for the sake of comfort and design, it is worth giving preference to a two-pipe scheme.

One-pipe and two-pipe systems: comparison

One-pipe systems, unlike two-pipe systems, do not have return risers. The coolant from the boiler, under the action of the circulating pressure or pump, enters the upper heating devices. Cooling down, it returns back to the supply riser and goes down. The radiators located below receive a mixture of coolant from the riser and from the upper radiators. Passing through all radiators and other heat consumers, the coolant returns back to the boiler, where the process is repeated again. The temperature of the coolant decreases when passing in a circle, and therefore the lower the radiator is, the larger the heating surface must be.

There are 2 schemes for one-pipe systems. This is a flow-through and mixed scheme. The flow-through circuit has a peculiarity - the complete absence of jumpers between the supply and exit from the radiator. These schemes are almost never used in the installation of heating systems due to their impracticality. One battery breaks, and you need to turn off the riser, because there is no way to turn on the coolant bypassing. The advantage of one-pipe systems is the lower cost of building materials and ease of installation. Installation of one-pipe systems requires top routing.

A two-pipe heating system can be used in any buildings: multi-storey, one-storey, etc. A two-pipe heating system is easy to implement with normal circulation, since its configuration makes it possible to organize a circulating pressure, do not forget that the boiler must be installed below the level of the radiators. It is possible to organize a forced circulation heating system by simply placing a circulation pump in the circuit.

If it is possible to implement a ring circuit, then you need to make it. A two-pipe system usually needs to be installed where there are gas difficulties, power outages, etc. For this system, a solid fuel boiler and larger pipes are enough. Has delivered firewood or coal, and you do not worry about frost.

Heating systems installation methods

The installation methods depend on the characteristics of the system.

Price installation works heating is determined by the features of a specific project, and everything can be calculated only by specialists with experience in such work.

If it is necessary to install heating with normal circulation, the installation of a system with a top spill will become effective. The water circulates through the pipes by itself. Bottom-pour systems do not work efficiently without a circulating pump.

Scheme of the collector (beam) wiring of the heating system.

Installation methods are also classified:

• by the type of wiring (collector, beam);
• by the number of risers;
• by the type of pipe connection (side or bottom).

Heating installation with bottom connection pipes are the most popular. There is an opportunity not to let the pipeline directly along the walls, but to hide it under the floor or baseboard. The aesthetic appearance of the room is achieved.

The main classification of installation methods is carried out completely depending on the scheme. You can do the installation of a two-pipe heating system or the installation of a one-pipe heating. In the second case, water flows through the pipeline through the radiators, cooling along the way. The last radiator will be colder than the first. With a two-pipe system, 2 pipes are connected to the radiators: return and direct. This allows the radiators to have the same temperature. The first option is the simplest and cheapest, due to the low cost of materials. But it is only effective in small houses... If your house is over 100 square meters or has more than 1 floor, it is better to install two-pipe heating.

The two-pipe system provides an excellent choice of radiator mounting methods:

• serial connection;
• parallel connection;
• side one-way connection;
• diagonal connection.

Depending on the location of the supply risers, there are certain ways of installing autonomous heating:

1. Heating with horizontal distribution.
2. Heating with vertical distribution.
3. Heating without risers with supply and return lines.

The one-pipe system is cheaper. If you care about the quality of the heating system, there is no need to spare money for two-pipe wiring, since we get the ability to control heat in the rooms.

One of the decisive factors in creating optimal conditions living in a city high-rise building, or a private house is the arrangement of a heating system. Any living space can be equipped with a two-pipe or one-pipe heat supply system. More often, a two-pipe system is used. What is a two-pipe heating system and what is its difference from a one-pipe heating system, the features of its installation - all this will be discussed in the article.

There is no unequivocal answer to the question which would be better: a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system.

When choosing, one should take into account ease of use, efficiency, durability, cost and complexity of installation.

If the budget allows, then it is better not to save money and opt for the two-pipe version. If it is necessary to provide heat country house, then you can give preference to a single-pipe system. Since a two-pipe heating system in a private house will cost more. But his efficiency is also much higher.

In addition, two-pipe heating is easy to use. Installation can be done by yourself. A two-pipe heating scheme is considered more in demand. Buying double the number of pipes to install is always worthwhile. For the equipment of a two-pipe system, there is no need to use pipelines with large diameter... During installation, less fasteners, valves, fittings are required.

Thus, for heating a private sector or an urban high-rise building, a two-pipe heating system scheme can be used, a one-pipe system scheme. The choice of a particular option depends on the consumer, his wishes and financial situation.

What is the peculiarity of two-pipe heating?

The highest quality heating, comfortable living conditions can be achieved through the use of a two-pipe scheme. A peculiarity of the scheme: two pipes are installed in each battery. Hot water circulates in the first pipe. It is connected to all heaters in parallel. The water that has already cooled down flows back into the system through the next pipe.

In front of the heater, taps are mounted, which are used to shut off the heat supply. With a two-pipe system, the heater temperature will be low. But the level of costs will also be lower than with a single-pipe network.

Horizontal and vertical two-pipe heating system

The heating two-pipe system is vertical and horizontal. The difference in the type of connection of all structural elements into one mechanism. The vertical scheme involves connecting all parts of the system to a vertically located riser. Among the advantages is the absence of air congestion. Among the downsides is the higher installation cost. A vertical two-pipe heating system for a multi-storey building is most suitable. Since each floor can be separately connected to a common riser.

For one-story houses a two-pipe horizontal heating system of the building is considered a more optimal option. This scheme has its own characteristics. All radiators are connected to a horizontal pipeline. This type of heating is especially convenient in wooden houses or panel-frame rooms without walls. Risers are usually located in corridors. Since the external wiring does not look very attractive with a horizontal system, they try to hide all pipes under a screed during construction work.

The layout of a horizontal two-pipe network can be lower, upper and combined. For the private sector, the best option is a horizontal two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring and unnatural circulation of the coolant. In this case, the water supply to the risers is carried out through the main pipelines from the bottom.

Heating two-pipe network with top distribution

Top routing involves laying the pipeline in the attic or under the ceiling. A similar two-pipe heating system with top wiring is used extremely rarely. Since, it is characterized by a large consumption of material and does not fit well into the interior of the room. But the two-pipe heating system of a two-story house, a scheme with a combined wiring is used quite often. Suitable for areas with frequent power outages, for small premises.

Double-pipe vertical heating system assumes parallel connection of batteries. A special feature is that an expansion tank is mounted. The distribution pipeline is at the top. The heating medium from the boiler enters all the batteries. The horizontal scheme and the vertical one have differences: a horizontal heating system with a two-pipe scheme involves the installation of all pipes with a slight slope.

Heating two-pipe network with bottom wiring

The main difference between this type of system is the supply pipeline: a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring diagram assumes its placement at the bottom, near the opposite. With such a wiring, water moves through the pipes in the direction from bottom to top. The coolant, passing through the return connections, enters the pipe thanks to the heating elements. Then the water enters the boiler. It should be noted that the two-pipe heating system with lower wiring involves the installation of Mayevsky taps. This is necessary to prevent the formation of air congestion. Such cranes are mounted on each battery separately.

Diagram of a two-pipe heating network

The two-pipe system assumes the presence of 2 pipes connected to each battery. Such a two-pipe one-story house heating scheme includes the following components:

The expansion tank is located at the top of the heating system. The slope of the pipes in the return, the flow should not be more than 10 cm by 20 running meters. Often during installation, the system is divided into two elbows if the lower wiring pipe is located at front door... Create it from the location of the highest point in the system. With two-pipe heating autonomous system with top wiring, the installation diagram may be different.

Two-pipe system with unnatural circulation

For two-storey cottages and in the private sector, a two-pipe heating scheme with forced circulation of the coolant is most often used. The bottom line: all heating devices work like individual system... This allows each branch to be regulated. For a separate branch, you can choose your own, or connect one pump for the entire system. Pumps come in different capacities, have different sizes of connecting elements. The cost of circulation pumping devices is low.

I must say that a two-pipe forced circulation heating system involves connecting each of the batteries to the supply pipe by wiring. Each radiator has its own outlet to the return pipe. Such a system allows you to regulate the temperature level in any of the rooms.

Algorithm for installing a two-pipe system

Anyone can install a two-pipe system. The main thing is to know the procedure and have all the necessary equipment with you.

It does not matter which two-pipe heating system of a private house is chosen, a scheme with upper or lower wiring, for its installation the following tools may be required:

When the installation option is selected, a number of calculations should be carried out, an updated system diagram should be drawn up.

As a rule, the installation of heating a two-pipe system is not difficult and consists of the following stages: