Flat roof drain - types, design features and materials of manufacture. Flat roof drain - types and methods of installation Flat roof drain
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Without a competent organization of the drainage system, a flat roof will quickly need unscheduled repairs. Stagnation of rain and melt water on the surface will gradually erode the protective outer layer of the coating. As a result, the bare base will rapidly collapse from the zealously attacking sunlight. When frozen, water crystals will easily rupture the material.
Prevent and prevent negative impacts can a properly constructed flat roof drain. The rules and principles of the device so important system water disposal should be carefully examined by the owner, who cares about the effective and long service of suburban property.
The purpose of the construction of a flat roof drainage system is to fully organize the drainage of rain and melt water from a surface that is sensitive to their action. She must act effectively all year round without the formation of dusty blockages, ice and hardwood plugs.
Regardless of the thermometer readings and the amount of precipitation, the drain must receive and promptly convey the liquid substance into the sewer, into a container for collecting rainwater, or banally into the ground.
Classification of sediment drainage systems
In order for the transportation of water to take place without hindrances and obstacles, you should know exactly which type of system to choose for arranging suburban property:
- Outdoor unorganized... Assuming spontaneous dripping atmospheric water... They are used for arranging small outbuildings with a height of no more than two floors.
- Outdoor organized... Prospective collection of water using gutters or gutters, coupled with funnels, with subsequent transfer to the downpipe. The system is laid along the eaves and outside load-bearing walls... It is used in the arrangement of residential and non-residential buildings, mainly low-rise, but the scheme is permissible for organizing drainage from the roofs of houses with a height of up to five floors.
- Interior... According to this, the water intake is carried out by drainage funnels specially designed for flat roofs, built into the roofing system. Water drainage is carried out through risers located inside the treated building.
Outdoor drainage systems work well in the southern regions, where the water in the pipes freezes extremely rarely or does not freeze at all during the entire cold period. For areas of the domestic temperate climatic zone, external gutters are recommended exclusively for attic structures.
On roofs without an attic, the snow will melt almost without interruption throughout the winter, because the ceiling is constantly heated by the heat coming from the inside. Melted water entering cold pipelines will form ice jams.
If a flat roof has an attic, then the process of snow melting can be regulated. By opening the skylights, the temperature on the roof can be significantly reduced, due to which the snow will melt much more slowly or stop altogether.
In the northern regions, there is a threat of rupture of the coating during a sharp cold snap. A blockage may form in the pipes, preventing the flow of water remaining on the roof. The crystallizing liquid noticeably increases in volume, which leads to damage to the roof that has absorbed it. Therefore, in the northern and temperate domestic latitudes, only non-residential ones are equipped with external drains, i.e. unheated buildings and buildings with a projected reduced temperature.
Cold storage facilities, for example, are equipped with a remote reinforced concrete plate with a rim and a drainpipe. The impressive area of such a structure helps to equalize the temperatures of the system and environment, thanks to which ice plugs are not formed.
Residential buildings with flat roofs, built in areas of the northern and temperate strip, are equipped with gutters internal type... The construction is more expensive, but it works flawlessly all year round. Risers located inside buildings are constantly heated by internal heat, which prevents ice blockages in the pipelines. In southern latitudes, gutters of the outdoor variety are in the lead.
Structural components of gutters
The device of external and internal gutters has a lot in common. Each system built for flat roofs, includes elements similar in purpose and design, these are:
- Inlet funnels and gutters, designed to receive wastewater and transfer them to the drainage main.
- Uprights, providing at the receiving points the maximum speed of water flow due to the forces of gravity.
- Downpipes required for the removal of atmospheric precipitation to the objects of unloading.
The main guideline for the design of the drainage system is the minimum length of the highway from the points of water intake to the points of unloading the system. The shortest and cheapest outdoor option includes a riser with a funnel or trench at the top and a short outlet at the bottom.
The outlet is placed at a slight angle at a distance of 20 - 45 cm from the surface above the storm sewer or just above the blind area protected from erosion. However, insurmountable circumstances often interfere with equipping a house with a drain of such a scheme: the absence drainage system, weak soils, an old foundation, the proximity of which to water is undesirable.
If it is impossible to lay the smallest highway, they look for other ways to drain water: an above-ground or underground pipeline is taken from the riser, leading to the most convenient place of unloading.
The scheme with a pipeline is unconditionally used in the construction of flat roofs with an internal drain, because the system is definitely obliged to transport water outside the building.
Specificity of slope formation
To stimulate the independent flow of water in the required direction on flat roofs, slopes of 1-2% are formed:
- To organize an external type of gutter, the entire plane must be inclined towards the installation site of the gutter. Most often it is back wall the buildings.
- To organize the flow of water according to the internal scheme, a slope is created to the place where the water intake funnel is installed. It is formed according to the envelope principle so that around each water intake point there is a depression in a radius of 50 cm.
The inlet funnels of internal drainage systems can be installed not only in the central area of the roof, but also near the outer wall, at a distance of at least 60 cm from it. Therefore, the envelope scheme of the tilt device has quite a lot of different options.
In any case, the inclined plane should be directed towards the water intake. And if several funnels are installed on the roof, a kind of "watershed" should be created between them - a miniature semblance of a mountain ridge, the slopes of which direct the flow of water in the direction of the nearest funnel.
To solve the problem of forming slopes, there are several methods proven in practice:
- Tilt device during construction by installing the floor at the required angle.
- Backfill of expanded clay in the form of a wedge-shaped layer, followed by pouring a cement-sand screed.
- Organization of the slope by laying wedge-shaped plates of mineral wool insulation.
The slope of large-sized planes is performed with the help of special metal structures forming the angle. In private construction, they are rarely used.
Rules for the construction of internal drainage
As it should be for any facility under construction, the drainage system of a private house must be calculated and designed in advance. It is necessary to choose in advance the shortest possible path for laying the pipeline and provide for the most convenient place to connect it to the storm sewer.
The organization of internal gutters is subject to various. They are arranged on roofs with and without attics, exploited and unexploited categories. Taking into account the planning specifics of the house, an independent designer needs to take into account that:
- It is customary to place downpipes in the area of stairwells near walls, columns, partitions. It is desirable near living quarters for spontaneous heating during cold periods of the year. Milling of risers into the walls is strictly prohibited. Can be installed in grooves, shafts, boxes. It is recommended to place them in closets or similar utility compartments.
- When organizing a drainage system for an unheated building, it is necessary to provide for methods of artificial heating of funnels and risers. To increase the temperature of the outer elements of the flat roof, install an electric heating cable or install risers next to the steam heating.
- A flat roof with an attic is best equipped with a pipeline that runs within the attic space. It is performed in the form of a suspended network. To ensure drainage, the horizontal pipe sections of the suspension system are installed at an inclination of 0.005. Those. for each running meter of the pipe, there must be a 5mm drop in the direction of the spillway.
- When laying overhead pipelines, the drainage section in the attic area must be insulated.
- If the suspension system devices are not possible, underground laying pipeline. There are no regulations on the angle of inclination of underground branches. The main thing is to provide a connection to the storm sewer. True, the underground scheme is much more expensive, much more inconvenient in terms of control and production. renovation works... In addition, too strong a foundation can hinder its implementation.
- When designing, bends should be avoided whenever possible.
- The stand at a distance of about one meter from the surface of the earth should be equipped with a revision for cleaning.
In fact, a flat roof gutter should be organized like a standard spillway system: with inspection chambers, revisions, etc. In the construction of a suspended drainage pipeline, ceramic, plastic, cast iron, asbestos-cement pipes are used that can withstand the pressure in case of blockages.
For laying underground parts pipes made of the same materials, but without hydrostatic requirements. Long-length steel pipe is used only at production facilities with characteristic manifestations of vibration.
According to the technological requirements, one drainage funnel can receive atmospheric drains from a roof of up to 1200m², the distance between adjacent water intakes must be at least 60m. Agree, the designated scale for low-rise construction is not very typical. In short, there should be at least one funnel on the roof of a small private house.
It will be necessary to increase the number of water intake devices if:
- The roof area exceeds the limits specified by GOST.
- The house is divided into sections. Then each compartment should be equipped with its own funnel.
- Within one roof structure, there are elements separated by parapets, expansion joints or expansion joints. Each sector of such a roof should have two water intakes.
Drainage funnels are produced for operated and unexploited flat roofs, for combined structures and systems with attic space. There are models used in the arrangement of bitumen-coated concrete floors and wooden counterparts covered. For all options used in construction, water inlets are made of cast iron, ceramics, galvanized steel, polymers.
Water intake devices are produced in various standard sizes. The standard design consists of the funnel itself with wide sides and a removable hood with openings for water flow.
More sophisticated representatives of the class of roof outlets are equipped in addition with an umbrella that protects the drain from clogging, a removable glass and a clamping ring designed to clamp the edges of the soft cover in the device. All models must be serviceable and cleanable.
Regardless of the funnel model and the purpose of the building, equal requirements are imposed on all water intakes:
- The catchment bowls are rigidly attached to coverings or structural decks. For fixing, clamps are used in an amount of at least two pieces.
- After installation, the funnel must ensure the tightness of the roof at the installation site.
- The pipes of the funnels are connected to the risers with the help of expansion joints, which allow maintaining the tightness of the joints during shrinkage of building structures.
- The funnels are connected to the suspended systems with shaped taps.
- The water intake bowl is installed below the level of the finishing roof to eliminate the possibility of stagnant water. Inlet caps on unexploited roofs have a rounded shape in plan, they usually rise above the covering. The roofs of the service roof funnels are installed flush with the covering, in plan they are usually square to make it easier to lay tiles around the device.
To increase the sealing and reliability in the area of intersection of the funnel of the roof structure, the use of thermal insulation is allowed. Conventional roofing systems are equipped with single-level roof outlets.
And the roofs, built with the help of mechanical fasteners, are equipped with two-level water intakes, which ensure the collection of water above the waterproofing and above the vapor barrier.
It is customary to equip roof structures with a polymer membrane coating with water intakes with a polymer clamping flange, which is glued or welded to the roof.
The construction of outdoor varieties of flat roof gutters is carried out in the southern regions. Their installation in residential and office buildings is recommended in areas with insignificant precipitation, the volume of which does not exceed 300 mm per year.
The class of outdoor drainage systems for rain and melt water includes:
- Fugitive drains recommended for use in dry areas. According to the indicated scheme, water is discharged by gravity along the eaves.
- Organized drainage recommended for equipping non-residential buildings in northern and temperate latitudes, residential buildings in southern regions with insignificant rainfall rates. The principle of operation consists in the systematic collection of precipitation into an external drain funnel with guiding sides adjacent to it or into a gutter, followed by drainage into storm drain or into the ground.
An ingenious solution to the external type system was proposed by zealous folk craftsmen. The idea is to include a sand filter for rainwater purification in the water supply network, which is installed after the water intake.
For unloading the drain and receiving purified water, containers are installed. This means, due to which the section for connecting the system to the sewage system is abolished. An interesting scheme makes it possible to advantageously solve two problems at once: to obtain drinking-quality water and to protect a flat roof from stagnation of water.
An unorganized type of drainage system requires reinforcement of eaves. They must be upholstered with galvanized roofing steel, and then pasted over on top with two layers of roll roofing. Additional layers are overlapped.
Strengthening the overhang of a mastic flat roof is enhanced by analogy. Only instead of glued layers of bituminous or bitumen-polymer material, layers of mastic are applied, alternating them with reinforcing layers of fiberglass or geotextile. The main layer of reinforcement with reinforcement must overlap the edge of the metal upholstery of the cornice.
Fixation of the external drain on the eaves of a flat roof is carried out according to traditional pattern... There are a lot of ready-made kits on sale with detailed instructions on assembling systems. First, brackets are attached to the frontal board, into which the gutter, assembled from plastic or metal modules, is simply placed.
In a place convenient for further transportation of water, a water intake funnel of the gutter with a branch pipe is installed, to which the riser is supplied. The pipe is fixed to the wall with brackets. The edges of the system are closed with plugs, and it is completed by installing a figured release.
Video instructions for installing gutters
A video will be introduced in detail with the principles of internal drainage systems and the specifics of their installation on a flat roof.
Assembly and installation of an external drainage system:
Flat roof slopes:
Installation of a water intake funnel for an internal drain
Information about the guidelines for choosing the optimal drainage system will help to competently equip the roof reliable protection from the destructive action of water.
It is useful to know the technological principles of the device independent craftsmen and owners of suburban real estate who want to turn to the services of third-party contractors. A properly constructed drain will prevent damage to the coating and the destruction of building materials, it will serve for a long time without creating problems.
The funnel serves to drain the accumulated atmospheric moisture on the surface of a flat roof through the internal or external drainage system of the house. In the catalog of the building hypermarket RoomMall, you will find the optimal selection of proposals for the sale of these products. Affordable price for such types of goods as a parapet funnel 110 mm in diameter or its roofing counterparts, allows you to provide Better conditions to make purchases for each customer. In projects of industrial buildings, you can often find a more expensive version of the Cast-iron funnel for the roof.
Funnel varieties
What you need to know about roof drains? All types of this product are mounted in the roof structure, connected to the standard drainage system. If necessary, the installation of the product is carried out with additional sealing elements - drainage rings, clamping flanges. The funnel consists of three parts:
external - equipped with an extension, filtration stainless grate drainage flange; medium - with an extension; bottom - forming the body of the drainage system, if a heating module is mounted here.
Depending on the purpose of the product, the location of the outlet can be vertical or horizontal. Models equipped with a swivel joint allow you to change the angle of inclination in the range of 90 degrees. On roofless roofs, horizontal outlets for funnels are usually used, with their fixation in the screed, while it is better to equip the system with electric heating to prevent the formation of ice plugs.
How to buy profitably? The TechnoNIKOL funnel for bituminous and membrane roofing structures presented in the catalog of the RoomMall hypermarket is the optimal solution, adapted for use in various climatic conditions... The brand's products are actively used in the field of low-rise residential, commercial and industrial construction. The Tatpolymer roof outlet is also a popular solution and can be used both on roofs with a bituminous or membrane coating, for roofs with an inverted or standard structure.
How to choose a roof outlet?
The selection of a specific product should be made taking into account the design documentation. It contains all the necessary data to determine the installation method and other parameters of the funnel for the drainage system. The number of funnels is determined in accordance with SP 30.13330.2012 and depends on the region in which the object is located and the throughput of the funnel. And you can always buy funnels for a flat roof at a bargain price in our construction hypermarket.
Precipitation has a positive effect on vegetation, contributes to the saturation of the earth with moisture, useful properties and are needed to fill rivers and reservoirs. But, in addition to useful points, precipitation does not actively affect buildings. Constant influence can ruin concrete, wood and others Decoration Materials... Therefore, it must be purposefully removed from the roof. For this purpose, a special drainage system is used. Roofing funnels play an important role in it. It is they who catch the streams of water and direct them through the pipe system.
What are the features of such funnels? How do they differ from each other? How to properly install them? We will learn the answers to these questions from this article.
Types of roof gutters
Depending on the roof design, there are different types drainage system. The roofs themselves can be divided into two large groups:
- Flat roofs.
- Sloped roofs, with at different levels stingray.
The drainage system is also divided into two types, starting from the roof group:
If we talk about funnels in one and the other system, then in the first case it plays an important role. Her choice should be treated with special attention. Funnel gutter in the photo:
It is these funnels for flat roofs that will be discussed, since horizontal gutters have built-in funnels that do not need to be selected. We are talking about gravitational-vacuum systems. This vertical type gutter was invented over 30 years ago. His homeland is Scandinavia. Now it is widespread not only in Europe, but also in other countries. The principle of operation is simple, it is based on the so-called ejection ability of the liquid in the pipes. In this case, one medium carries along the other, in the water drainage system it is air. In the riser, gaseous masses begin to move upward. But when it gets into the system waste water, it is directed downward under the influence of gravity, and the air layer is directed in the opposite direction. The result is a vacuum environment in which moisture begins to flow at high speed into the collector through the pipe system. The movement of water is due to pressure from air masses, therefore, no slope is required for its free movement.
This system has many advantages:
- High flow rate.
- Can be used to create narrow pipes.
- The structure will be self-cleaning.
- The drain is lightweight.
- For installation, you do not need to engage in a large amount of earthwork.
The note! If we compare such a vacuum system and a traditional horizontal type gutter, the difference is immediately visible.
For example, funnels of the gravitational-vacuum type, in which the branch pipe has a cross-section of 75 mm, can let about 15 liters of precipitation pass through in just 1 s. But the system of the traditional type is much inferior, since in order to pass 1 s 15 liters of water, a funnel with a diameter of 200 mm is needed.
Funnel materials
Internal drain funnels are made of different materials which have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Before you buy a funnel, you need to find out this information. Here are the materials from which the elements of the system are made:
After evaluating all the features of each type of funnels, you can choose one or another option.
Product requirements for a drainage system
System installation is specified in GOST 25336-82. The main points are related to the capacity of the funnels, as well as the number of funnels on the horizontal roof. The roof area for one drain funnel is registered in SNIP 2.04.01-85, in the section "Internal gutters". So it says there that there should be at least two funnels on the roof and in one valley. The greatest distance between them should be no more than 48 m. It turns out that 1 funnel is required for 230 m 2. Moreover, its diameter should be 10 cm, not less.
Given these indicators, you need to purchase one or more funnels for the house, and then install them. The roof area for one funnel is 230 m 2, so you won't have to spend a lot of money. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the funnel can be clogged with debris. These are foliage, dust, and cellophane. So that they do not penetrate the system and do not clog it, a special grate is installed on the drain funnel on the roof. It performs a protective function without affecting the bandwidth in any way. However, so that the leaves accumulated on the grate do not interfere with the water entering the funnel, you will have to look at the drain from time to time.
Varieties of funnels for a flat roof
There are several parameters by which to distinguish between storm inlets for a flat roof. Today, companies produce a variety of models, which allows you to easily choose a product for yourself. So, the types are as follows:
Important! Sediment funnels have different sections. Be that as it may, the diameter at the funnel and drain pipe must match. Usually a 10 cm cross section is used.This will be enough to redirect all the water from the roof to storm system.
Installation of a funnel on the roof
Before installing the receiving drain funnel and other elements of the system, you should take into account the following nuances:
Now you can start the installation process. They are slightly different from each other, depending on the roofing and the type of funnels. Nevertheless, the principle is the same for everyone. We will consider editing on soft roof... The instruction is as follows: - To begin with, a niche should be cut around the technological hole. Most homes already have it.
- Next, you need to take a funnel and plant it directly on the concrete. If there is no fold on it, then glue is used.
- Next, you need to apply a primer to be buffered.
- After that, along the carved niche, and then around the entire perimeter, you need to lay a soft roof.
- The structure continues to be attached. The set includes a fixing ring, which must be installed in its place and screwed on. A hole is cut in the center.
- It remains only to install the hood or the filter grate for the funnel.
More details about editing can be seen in this video:
As for the installation of a funnel for a vacuum drain, the installation process can be seen here:
Let's sum up
The funnel for the drainage system is an integral part of any drainage system. Thanks to it, it is possible to efficiently and quickly drain storm or melt water from the roof surface, flat or inclined. Otherwise, the presence of water will negatively affect all structural elements. It remains only to choose one or another version of the funnel for a flat roof and start installing it. If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments below the article. Experienced specialists will answer them for you.
Sergey Novozhilov - expert in roofing materials with 9 years of experience practical work in the field of engineering solutions in construction.
The roof funnel is the main element of flat roof drainage systems. Its purpose is to collect rain or melt water and drain it into drains. The installation of such elements is very important for flat roofs from which moisture cannot escape by gravity. And excess water on the surface can lead to destruction of the coating, depressurization of the structure and leaks.
Installation locations for flat roof outlets should be determined at the design stage. When installing a concrete cover or installing thermal insulation on the roof, slight slopes are created so that water drains and collects at certain points. In such places, the installation of funnels for a flat roof and gutters is carried out. Slopes are created either by the thickness of the screed, or by reducing the layer of thermal insulation material.
Roof funnel: design features and varieties
A standard funnel consists of three parts:
- upper part - superstructure, grille and flange;
- medium - an extension in the form of a pipe of a certain diameter;
- bottom - the body where the heating element can be placed.
Drain funnel for a flat roof, it can have a horizontal or vertical outlet - the products differ in the location of the outlet. Their type is selected depending on the angle at which the gutters are located. Funnels can be rectangular or round, made of metal, polymeric materials, or combinations thereof. Metal products are usually installed on sheet metal roofs, and plastic models are great for soft roofs.
Today you can buy flat roof funnels with heating systems, but the price of such products will be higher than standard models... Heating prevents water from freezing when sub-zero temperatures air and ensures the normal functioning of the drainage system. The number of funnels is calculated taking into account the intensity of precipitation in a particular area and roof area, and their type depends on the type of roofing material.
Roof drains are an important structural element when organizing a drainage system. Their main purpose is to receive moisture and redirect it from the roof surface into the drainpipe. This prevents excess buildup and prolongs the life of the roofing carpet. The performance of roof outlets is influenced by several factors at once: throughput and diameter, closely related to each other. The mounting technology of different brands remains unchanged. As additional elements, you may need a leaf trap, an adapter for pipes and funnels with different diameters, additional roof fasteners for installation, an electric heating system or an elbow to turn the direct-flow drain into a horizontal one. A leaf trap to protect pipes from blockages and an anti-freeze cable can be supplied as standard. Just compare the different brands of Termoclip flat roof outlets.