How to make electric heating yourself in the house. Is it profitable to heat a private house with electricity? How to choose heating equipment

When thinking about which heating system for a house or summer cottage to choose, they often think about the use of electricity. The advantage of this type of energy carrier is its environmental friendliness, "cleanliness" and high reliability of electric heaters. The downside is a considerable price, which is why electric heating is not the most popular heating method.

What it can be

Heating your home with electricity can be done in a number of ways. Whichever type of heating you choose, its efficiency largely depends on how well the house is insulated. This question should be given maximum time.

Heating a house with electricity is the "cleanest" way

First of all, you need to decide on the type of system: it can be air, water and steam, you can still heat up warm floors... Let's briefly go over the main advantages of each of the systems.

Steam heating (not to be confused with water heating)

Steam heating is very effective, but dangerous - the temperature of heating radiators and pipes going to them is about a hundred degrees (higher or lower depends on the type of system chosen). The system is very similar to the water system, but it is more economical at the stage of arrangement: much less radiator sections are required, pipes can be taken with a smaller section.

In general, in view of the high danger, it is prohibited in public and apartment buildings, but you can do it in a private house. An electric steam boiler can act as a heat source in this system. So this is also one of the types of electric heating, although it is completely unpopular.

Air

Air heating with electricity can be organized with the use of other electric heaters - ceramic heating panels, infrared emitters. These systems are good in that they immediately begin to warm the air in the room. They also attract low costs at the stage of arrangement - there is no need to build anything. We bought heaters, installed them, turned them on, and started to warm up.

The disadvantage of this heating method is active air circulation in the room (uncomfortable) and with such heating the air is dry (an installation is required to increase the humidity). Another drawback is the need for almost constant work. If electric heaters are installed with thermostats, this is not so critical, since when the set temperature is reached, they will turn off. But low inertia leads to the fact that the room cools down quickly and, therefore, most of the equipment is in operation.

Among all electric heaters, infrared installations are considered more economical, but they also "draw" a decent amount of electricity. So this method of heating is often used as an additional one - during severe cold weather. The second area of ​​application is dachas where people live only periodically. With this mode of visits, upon arrival, you can heat only the necessary rooms. In this case, the plus of this type of electric heating is that it is not afraid of freezing (only when selecting heaters, pay attention to whether they tolerate freezing).

Electric underfloor heating

This electric heating can be either additional - to increase the level of comfort, and the main one. Electric floor heaters can be different:

• heating cables (resistive and self-regulating);
• heating cable mats (easier to install);
• carbon films (with infrared radiation);
• carbon mats (not very reliable yet).

This electric heating option is only suitable for houses with permanent residence- it takes too much time (and resources) to warm up concrete slab, in which the heater is usually "packed". And this seems to be a drawback. But on the other hand, a large heated mass helps to maintain a stable temperature in the house. Another positive point: for such a stove to completely cool down, it takes several days, so temporary power outages in this case are not very scary.

Electric heating with warm floors cannot be called very economical. The amount of payment depends on the degree of insulation of the house. But it is worth remembering that you need to make an electric warm floor only in tandem with a thermostat and temperature sensors. In this case, the heaters will only turn on part of the time and the bills will be relatively small. Well, there is probably no need to say that underfloor heating is the most comfortable way of heating.

Water heating by electric boilers

In fact, this is a heating system familiar to everyone with pipes, radiators and that circulates in the system. The only difference is that the boiler is powered by electricity. Electric boilers are of three types:

• on heating elements;
• induction;
• electrode.

Heating elements boilers are the most common. Induction and electrode are used less often. Manufacturers (and many users as well) say that they are more economical. There is still debate about savings, but there is no arguing about the size. An induction boiler looks like a piece of medium-diameter pipe. It takes up very little space, is easy to install, and can work offline.

With the electrode it is a little more complicated: you need to monitor the condition of the electrodes, select the composition for the coolant (usually a certain amount of salt is poured in to increase the conductivity of the water). So periodic Maintenance for such a boiler - a necessity.

What type of electric heating to choose

The type of heating system is usually selected based on its purpose. It is more rational to do electric heating of a summer cottage of the air type - less installation costs, low inertia is what is required. But this is only if you do not plan to maintain a positive temperature in it all winter.

For a permanent home, electric underfloor heating or water heating is suitable. By the way, a warm floor can be made, but whether it makes sense when using an electric boiler, you need to think. Both of these systems have great inertia, which can be rather assessed as a plus - they cool down for a long time. The disadvantages of these systems are the high costs for the arrangement.

When installing electric floor heating under the tiles, it is necessary to lay the heating elements in the screed, and this takes a lot of time. If the flooring is laminate or linoleum (special), everything is much simpler. (and linoleum) is laid on a flat base, on a special substrate. A laminate or a rigid base for linoleum (plywood) is mounted on top.

Water electric heating is done as standard. However, in some cases there is an opportunity to save money.

How to make water heating economical

Many regions have introduced multi-zone tariffs. If such tariffs are provided in your region, you can minimize the cost of electric heating. This will require the installation of a multi-tariff meter and a heat accumulator (TA). A heat accumulator is a large container of water. In our case, it serves to accumulate heat during the period of the “night”, cheaper tariff.

During the time when electricity is much cheaper, the water in the tank heats up to quite solid temperatures. During high tariffs, heating does not work, and the temperature in the network is maintained with the help of the heat that is accumulated in the heat accumulator. Such a system really helps to save money, but the specific result depends on the region - tariffs are very different in different regions.

Electric heating in a private house can be the main source of heat in the room, or it can be used as a backup. The principle of operation of electrical appliances is to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.

By "turning on" a little logic, one can agree with the theory that electric heating systems are the future, since the reserves of natural energy carriers are not endless, and electricity can already be successfully obtained by alternative methods today.

Electric heating of a house, regardless of its type, has the following general qualities:

• Environmental friendliness - since electrical energy is used, there is no fuel combustion process that pollutes the atmosphere with combustion products and leaves behind solid combustion waste.
• High efficiency.
• "Independence" - such heating equipment is capable of itself (if appropriate automation is available), to control the heating process.
• Silence - often, apart from the slight noise of the fan (if there is one in the device), electrical heating devices do not emit other sounds.
• Safety - there is no possibility of an explosion or accumulation of carbon monoxide in the room, as, for example, when using a gas boiler. The safety devices of the power supply system of the house are able to protect both the building and the people in it from the emergency operation of electric heaters.
• Convenience and "multi-mode" operation - the ability to use various operating modes: from the minimum power, which maintains the optimum temperature in the room, to the maximum, used to quickly increase the temperature in the room. The possibility of programming the system allows you to efficiently (economically) use electricity by setting the system to a weekly heating program.
• Possibility of setting different heating modes for different rooms - zone heating.
• There is no need to equip a room for a boiler room and / or tanks for a fuel supply.
• Low-cost installation, but high-cost operation.
• If it is necessary to heat a large area, it is necessary to use equipment that consumes a sufficiently large power, and this requires a high-quality and reliable line of electrical input to the house.

Classification of electric heating systems of a private house

Almost everything that exists today in the topic of heating electrical systems can be roughly divided into two categories:

• direct heating by electricity;
• heating the house with electricity using a coolant - an electric boiler is required.

Direct heating from electricity is realized through the use of convectors (stationary and portable) as well as radiators.

The category of direct-action heaters also includes electric "warm floors", realized with the help of a special heating electric cable, located mainly in the screed under the floor covering.

Direct heating is also carried out by infrared heaters. Their feature is the fact that with such radiation, it is not the air in the room that heats up, but objects that have come under infrared radiation, and from them the air masses enclosed in the volume of the room are already warming up.

"Direct" electric heating in a private house is easy to install. When installing decorative boxes for the installation of electrical wiring, installation is possible even "for ready-made repair".

Heating electrical systems of a different type use a coolant, which is most often water, less often antifreeze. This type of system is most common among electric heating options for a private house.

This system is more versatile. If there are heating communications in the house, it can be easily converted to another type of heater - a boiler, for example, gas or liquid fuel.

Heating country house an electric boiler can be made more economical by using a system of heat accumulators and providing a "zone" meter.

Convectors

Heating a country house with electricity can be realized using electric convectors. Usually it is a wall or floor heating device that uses the principle of natural convection to heat the entire volume of air in a room.

The cabinet design usually assumes flat rectangular shapes, the height of which can vary from 150 mm (plinth options) to high narrow options used for installation on narrow walls.

The design of the convector body with a heating element located in its lower part creates a directed air flow. The cold air in the room enters through the lower openings in the housing, and when it is already heated, it exits through the upper air channels, which ensures fast and uniform heating of this volume of air in the room. This fact is already attracting close attention to convectors, and if we also pay attention to ergonomics and safety ...

Convectors from well-known manufacturers can rightfully be called safe and optimal devices for electric heating in a private house. Modern design solutions for convectors involve the use of low-temperature monolithic heating elements instead of tubular heating elements. The heating time of such an element to the operating temperature is less than a minute. And literally immediately such a heating element transfers heat to the air, without initially heating the convector body. The efficiency of such devices can reach and exceed 90%.

It is important! Please note that modern low-temperature convectors with a low temperature of the heating element are silent devices that do not dry out the air by burning oxygen, as high-temperature heating radiators do, in which the heating element can heat up to 700 ° C, while burning a large number of oxygen in the room.

We repeat ... When choosing electric convectors, pay attention to the models of time-tested well-known manufacturers. Particular attention should be paid to structural solutions for electrical protection and moisture protection - these points are especially relevant if there are small children in the house and / or the convectors are in a damp room, for example, in a bathroom.

A positive aspect of using electric convectors in our "unstable" electrical networks is their ability to function normally when the voltage supplying them with an electric current varies from 150 V to 242 V, as well as the presence of multi-stage protection in many models of devices of this type.

The low temperature of the body of the electric convector (up to 55 ° C) excludes the possibility of burns on such a device and allows them to be fixed even on wooden walls.

Such devices involve the automation of the heating process with the synchronization of their operation and programming the heating mode.

But! These devices also have one big drawback! They "eat" electricity with great appetite, taking money out of your wallet in exchange for a cozy pastime in the house.

The power of the convector (s) for the room is calculated based on their area. On average, 100 W of heater power is required per 1 m 2 of the room area. For example, for a room with an area of ​​5-6 m 2 a convector with a power of 500 W is suitable, and for a room of 25-27 m 2 you will need already 2500 W in the "face" of one or more convectors.

Electric radiators and oil coolers

An oil cooler is considered a proven and relatively safe heating device. The heating element, located inside the metal body of the heater, is immersed in oil. Heat from the heating element is transferred to the oil, and from it to the outer surface of the oil cooler walls in contact with the air space of the room. Such radiators are more inert than convectors. In some models of oil coolers, the function of forced air circulation through it is provided, which greatly speeds up the process of warming up the room.

Mobility, low cost, no heat heating the body of the device - puts such devices in a row of safe household devices.

Fan heaters

For temporary heating of a house, it is also possible to use fan heaters - devices consisting of a heating element and a fan that drives air through it. Due to the presence of a fan, such devices are characterized by a high degree of heat transfer.

A negative feature of heating devices of this type is the high temperature of the heating element, which leads to the combustion of dust in the air on it, and drying of the air itself (combustion on an oxygen heater).

Fan heaters are also characterized by low fire safety. Since when it overturns and closes the air holes, there is a huge probability of overheating and spontaneous combustion. The temperature of such a device is controlled by a thermostat. And some models of fan heaters are protected by elements of protective automatics that disconnect the device from the network when it overturns or overheats. (These are the ones worth choosing!)

There are also fan heaters with low temperature ceramic heaters. Their high performance is achieved by a large contact area of ​​the blown air with the surface of the heating element. And the oxygen molecules "burned" by the heater are compensated by the work of the air ionizer built into the fan heater.

Advantages of fan heaters:

• their mobility;
• high speed of warming up the room.

A fan heater can become an irreplaceable thing during the off-season, when there is still no point in starting the heating system, and the room periodically becomes chilly. It will also come in handy in the event of a breakdown in the main heating system.

Heating a cottage with electricity can also be organized using stationary (built-in) heat fans, which provide (some of them) both heating the air and ventilation of the room.

Infrared heaters

Infrared heaters are also designed to heat, but in terms of "functionality" they are somewhat different from other heating devices.

First, such devices are usually located on top. (Isn't it the sun?)

Secondly, infrared thermal radiation with a certain wavelength is perceived by objects in the air, and already from these objects the air in the room is heated. Such devices can be used for heating even in open spaces. Fast, comfortable and hopefully safe.

Underfloor heating systems

"Warm floor", which takes energy from electrical energy, involves either the use of a heating cable, or IR heaters in the form of film materials or ceramic rods.

Underfloor heating is a comfortable and quick distribution of heat in a room with high-precision automation of the heating process.

Heating a country house with an electric boiler

Heating a country house with an electric boiler naturally involves the installation of an electric boiler with heating radiators and main pipes in which the coolant (water) will circulate. Yes! Also, a circulation pump with an expansion tank must be installed, with a safety group, air valves ...

How to organize heating a private house with your own hands with electricity using a boiler, read the article "Electric boiler: what you need to know?". It considers electric heating boilers, electricity consumption during their operation, connection diagram of an electric heating boiler, hot water supply and heating with an electric boiler,

We hope that the material outlined above will help you navigate in such a direction as heating a private house with your own hands with electricity made ...

Heating a private house with electricity is a very promising topic. The main thing is that electricity prices should naturally fall, and not artificially rise, for the good of those who "hold" the planet's energy resources.

Many owners of private houses or apartments believe that an electric heating system is not economical. This point of view has a completely adequate explanation, since electricity is a rather expensive source of energy. Sometimes there are situations when alternative heating systems do not justify themselves or are simply unavailable for certain reasons. In such a situation, it will be necessary to use the energy carrier that is available. Heating systems of an electric type can also be divided into different categories, so it is worth choosing exactly that electric heating that will be the most profitable and economical.

Electric heating

Any of the options for organizing electric heating has both advantages and disadvantages. The most popular and common mains-powered heaters are convectors and electric radiators.

Oil radiator

Oil-type radiators are in wider demand. Such devices are more suitable for local heating.

An oil cooler is a device whose body consists of several sections interconnected.

Inside this structure, there is a mineral-type coolant. In this coolant, heating elements are immersed, which are necessary for heating the radiator. Many models of household-type oil radiators have heating elements with a capacity of 2.5 to 3 kW. Thanks to this power, the oil heats up in a fairly short period of time. Mineral oil contributes to the fact that the heating element heats up to a very high temperature of 2000 degrees. Oil radiators are well suited for heating any room in a house or apartment.

Oil radiators will not justify themselves if they are used for general heating of an apartment or house, since they cannot be classified as economical. Such devices are justified only if they are used as an additional heating device.

An alternative to such devices can be called electric convectors. They can also be installed as a general heater.

However, they will be justified only if it is impossible to organize a water heating system in the building. A heating component is located in the convector body, which converts electricity into heat. Hot air rises from this heating component and comes out through special openings in the convector body. Almost all modern electric convectors are equipped with special grilles, thanks to which it is possible to adjust the volume of the outgoing air. At the bottom of the convector body there are holes that are necessary for cold air to enter the device. This air is subsequently heated and exits through the upper openings.

Electric wall-mounted convector

Almost all convectors are equipped with special automatic temperature sensors, the principle of which is similar to a heating tap. When the air that enters the convector through its lower openings is warm enough, the sensors will work and the appliance will turn off. Due to these parameters and characteristics, electric convectors are more justified from the point of view of energy saving than oil-type radiators.

According to their design features, several types of convectors are distinguished: wall convectors and floor convectors.

Such devices are the most popular, however, there are convectors such as floor convectors. If the choice fell on the last type of convectors, then it is best to install them in the area along the window. In this case, they will not only heat the room, but also become additional protection against drafts and street cold that penetrates through the window. Electric heating with a convector will be more profitable and economical in comparison with oil radiators, but the use of solid or liquid fuel or gas will still be cheaper.

Underfloor heating system

The warm floor cannot be considered the main heating system, but it will justify itself well as an additional source of heat. Underfloor heating is a structure consisting of a heating film and heating cables. This design is mounted under the floor covering. On some areas of the floor, special temperature sensors are installed, which are connected to a thermostat installed on one of the walls of the room.

Warm cable floor

Heating with electricity, such as underfloor heating, makes it possible to produce self-adjustment heating in the apartment, setting a certain temperature regime. Installation of such heating system is not a too complicated process, so it can be done with your own hands, without having to seek help from specialists. Here you can find many recommendations, as well as videos that will help you cope with this task. A system like electric underfloor heating will not be suitable as a universal heat source, so it will only be justified as an additional heating system.

Infrared heating

Using infrared appliances for heating with electricity is another method that allows you to heat a house or apartment. The infrared heater contains a heating element inside the housing, which is a source of infrared radiation. The infrared waves that come from this device do not heat the air in the room, but the objects at which they are directed. Such devices are considered the most effective, since they radiate heat where it is needed, and do not waste it idly.

Infrared ceiling heater

Modern infrared heaters boast an efficiency that exceeds 90%. An infrared heater of all electrical appliances is considered the most profitable and economical.

Their only significant drawback is that they are quite expensive. Before opting for one of the electric heating devices, it is better to make calculations as to how quickly the costs will pay off.

Water heating: TEN type boilers

Electric hot water heating is considered to be more efficient than using only simple electrical heating appliances. This system heating uses ordinary water as a heat carrier. In order for the water to heat up to the required temperature, the system is equipped with a device such as a boiler or an electric boiler. Domestic boilers, which are used to heat water, will not be suitable as the main device for water electric heating system... The boiler, which is necessary for the efficient operation of the heating system, must have much higher power ratings. To organize an autonomous electric heating system, a wide variety of installations can be used, such as:

• Heating elements;
• Induction installations;
• Electrode installations.

The most popular are heating boilers, which can be seen in the photo. The principle of operation of such boilers is as follows: the coolant enters the internal tank of such boilers. A heating element is placed in the tank, which will begin to heat up, and its temperature will be transferred to the coolant. Thanks to a circulation pump, the coolant will enter the heating circuit and then spread through the final consumption elements, that is, to the heating radiators.

Electric boiler

It must be remembered that the heating element is the most vulnerable place at the boiler. It is necessary to choose a boiler in which the heating element is a replaceable component. Teng may fail in a few years, as it becomes covered with scale, and then it will need to be replaced. Most boilers are equipped with automation that allows you to turn on a certain operating mode. This allows you to significantly save on electricity, since the boiler will heat the water, only then there is a need for this.

Another advantage that electric water heating gives is the fact that the electrical components do not come into contact with water at all. In the event of an accident, the automation will completely turn off the heating element.

Electrode devices

A better alternative to water heating heating elements, involving the use of electricity for heating, can be called electrode-type boilers. Such a device is a small volume container with electrodes inside. When the boiler is filled with water, a current will be supplied to these electrodes, and this, in turn, will entail heating of the water.

Electrode type boilers

In order for the electrode boiler to work as efficiently as possible, it will be necessary to subject the coolant to special preparation. An electrode boiler consumes more electricity than a heating element boiler. However, it is more reliable and does not fail very often.

Induction boilers

In induction boilers, there are two circuits at once: one heat exchange, and the other magnetic. A coil is located in a magnetic type circuit, which creates a magnetic field, and due to this, the coolant is heated. The principle of operation of such a circuit is very similar to the principle of operation of an induction type hob. The heat exchange circuit is necessary for temperature redistribution to take place in it. After that, the coolant will heat up and begin to flow into the heating system of the house.

Induction boiler

The most important advantage of this type of boilers is the safety of their use. This can be explained by the fact that there are no heating components in boilers at all.

Among the disadvantages of such devices, one can single out their high price, as well as a rather complicated smooth adjustment of thermal modes.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric heating

Any electrical heating systems have both their own advantages and disadvantages.

Pluses of electric heating:

• You can install it yourself;
• A permit to install such devices is much easier to obtain than, for example, a permit to install a gas boiler;
• Electric heaters are easier to set up and easier to operate;
• There is no need for constant monitoring of the fuel supply, all that is needed is to set a certain temperature regime;
• Quite fast heating;
• A comfortable temperature regime in the room will be established only after 10-15 minutes after the system starts working.

Disadvantages of electric heaters, which are most often covered by reviews:

• The equipment is quite expensive, in particular, the high price category includes such devices that are equipped with various automatics;
• Heating the room itself is quite expensive;
• High loads on electrical wiring and voltage cables.

If such shortcomings are not very scary, then such a heating system will be considered quite effective. An electrical heating system is much easier to organize than any other.

otoplenie-doma.org

Electric heating in a private house - choosing the best option

In general, the electric heating system of a private house is the only alternative option along with traditional solutions. Compared to other types of heating systems, electric ones attract attention primarily by their practicality, ease of use, independence and autonomy. With their help, the owners of private houses can quickly solve the problem of heating the premises.

An electric boiler in the house is warm, comfortable and does not spoil the overall design at all

Types of electrical heating devices

According to the latest research, electric boilers for home heating have the highest efficiency. Almost every heater has a temperature setting function, so they are among the most economical. They do not require any maintenance and are almost silent, which makes them a real find for those who love a quiet suburban vacation.

Unlike liquid heat carriers, energy from electrical energy is immediately converted into heat. In addition, with such a heating system, emergency leaks are excluded. From all of the above, it can already be concluded that electric heating systems meet all modern human requirements and are safe, hygienic and silent.

Infrared heating

Ceiling with infrared heating system

Film infrared heating is a system that heats indoor air using infrared rays.

Attention! Such systems heat, first of all, the objects in the room, and not the air itself. As for the popularity, they will soon replace the outdated oil radiators and boilers.

Ceiling Infrared Heater Principle

This type of heater is rarely used alone and is often used in conjunction with underfloor heating. Together, they are used for general and local heating of a house. They are widely used in summer cottages and cottages, where fast heating of all rooms is required.

Converter heaters

Converter heater

Also, it is worth mentioning about such a type of heating as electric convectors. Each modern electric convector is equipped with special heating elements that do not burn oxygen and do not destroy the natural microclimate in the house. This method heating has established itself as one of the quietest and most efficient, and it is easy and simple to operate such a unit.

If you choose an electric convector with a built-in control unit that programs the operation of the device, then you can completely forget about the control of heating systems (installed and forgotten). The electric heating system of a private house will itself maintain the optimum temperature. If you leave home for a long time, the device automatically switches to standby mode and maintains a constant temperature of 5 ° C.

Advantages of converter heaters

As far as security is concerned, there is nothing to be afraid of either. The built-in sensor instantly turns off the heating in the event of a heating element falling to the floor (this can also include overheating of the device). The convector body heats up to a temperature of no more than 65˚С, therefore it is safe to use it even when children and animals live in the house.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating system

Choosing such a heating system, you will not regret - a cable or mat built into the floor turns your flooring into one huge heater that evenly distributes heat throughout the room. With its help, you can create an ideal (comfortable) temperature for a person in the house.

Important! Pay attention to the fact that underfloor heating can be used with any floor covering, which will accordingly expand the possibilities of interior design, because heating radiators will not be fixed in the rooms of the house. The entire system is hidden from view.

Underfloor heating system under laminate

Fan heaters

Thermal fans

With the help of fan heaters, you can maintain a stable temperature in the premises of the house, and at the same time create a thermal curtain. They differ from hot water heating, first of all, in the speed of air heating, minimal heat loss and high efficiency.

Such a space heating system operates in full recirculation mode (in other words, it heats only the air inside the premises). But it is worth noting that with a mixture of outside (street) air, the fans show good results.

Electric boilers

Electric boiler Rusnit 2100

If you like water heating of a private house with electricity, then you can install an electric boiler. Such equipment is used in homes where it is not possible to conduct gas system heating.

Due to their design features, electric boilers have all kinds of modifications and shapes. Their main distinctive feature- method of heating the coolant. In total, in such a boiler, two main elements can be distinguished - a control unit and a heat exchanger.

As for the principles of operation, everything is simple - electrical energy is converted into heat and heats the water, which, through the pipeline, enters the heating radiators. The control unit is required in order to monitor good work boiler in a given mode.

If a malfunction or overheating occurs, the unit will signal you to turn off. When the maximum threshold for heating the equipment is reached, the unit turns off the boiler automatically.

Benefits of electric heating

Electric unit - convenient, functional and practical

In general, electric heating has a number of advantages and benefits that set it apart from other types of heating systems:

• Safety - the above types of equipment do not have an open flame, and correct wiring and installation of an "automatic device" will protect your house from fire;
• Lack of fuel - there is no need to purchase solid and liquid fuels, as a result of which you do not need to look for a suitable room for storing combustible materials;
• Environmentally friendly - working electrical systems do not produce noise and toxic emissions into the atmosphere. In the complete absence of an unpleasant odor, they are completely safe for humans. In addition, when installing electrical systems, you do not have to allocate a separate room - they can be mounted both in the kitchen and in the living room. A wide range of models allows you to choose a device for any design and interior;
• Appearance - as mentioned earlier, a wide range of models and color solutions will allow you to choose exactly the model that you really like;
• The operation of such devices does not require regular maintenance. Firstly, they are easy to operate, which even a child can handle, and secondly, there are no elements in their design that would require constant cleaning or replacement;
• Ergonomics - it is possible to do electric heating of a private house with your own hands. Each unit is supplied with detailed diagram assembly and installation of the system, so even an ignorant person in this matter is quite capable of cope with its connection;
• Price - compared to the same gas equipment, electrical systems are comparatively cheaper;
• Size - the equipment itself is small and a light weight... One person can transfer the entire system without experiencing any difficulties.

All these are electric boilers

In addition to positive qualities, there are also negative sides:

• Not every dacha village has a powerful power grid that can withstand such loads;
• High energy costs will make few people happy;
• Before installing an electric boiler, check if the network is working properly in this locality. Not all devices are adapted to work in extreme Russian conditions (constant power surges, sudden outages, etc.).

Finally

That, perhaps, is all that an average man needs to know, who is going to install a heating system in his house, powered by electricity (also read about how to choose the right electric boiler for heating).

If you do not know how to make your home warmer, our photo and video instructions will help you. Seeing everything with your own eyes, you will understand that electric heating systems are no worse than others, and in many ways surpass their counterparts!

Page 2

Heating your home is perhaps one of the most pressing issues of the multifaceted life of a resident. Russian Federation... That is why we will now consider the most commonly used autonomous heating systems for a private house and the possibilities of their application.

Possible heating scheme for a private house

Heating systems and their components

Boiler room of a private house

Any zealous owner, of course, wants to have uninterrupted heating in his home, which is consistent with the characteristics of a given region or specific area. The efficiency and economy of heating depend on two technical components - the heating circuit and the heat carrier heating source - the boiler.

They will be discussed in this article with a video clip as an application.

Gas boilers

Scheme of operation of a conventional (convection) boiler

• Gas heating boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit, wall-mounted and floor-standing, but according to the principle of operation, they can be divided into convection and condensing devices. Traditional convection boilers operate according to a fairly simple scheme, which is shown above: gas entering the burner is burned in the combustion chamber, which heats up the heat exchanger and, of course, the heat carrier itself. Air enters the combustion chamber in such a device through a coaxial chimney and, with its help, is removed carbon monoxide.
• One of the important principles for the correct operation of a domestic gas boiler is the prevention of condensation on the walls of the heat exchanger, because dissolved acids are present there. Considering that the condensation of water vapor starts at a temperature of 55⁰C, care must be taken to ensure that there is no large difference between the supply and return lines of the water circuit.
• It is better not to allow the difference in water temperature in the "supply" and "return" to exceed 20⁰C, that is, if the supply pipe has 80⁰C, then the return pipe is 60⁰C. Forced mixing is used for long heating circuits hot water from the "feed" at the "return" inlet.

Condensing boiler operation diagram

• The efficiency of condensing boilers is much higher than that of convection units, because in this case, not only the combustion of gas is used to heat the coolant, but also the heating of the condensate itself. For the most effective operation of such a device, it is necessary to create conditions for the occurrence of dew and this is achieved by lowering the temperature in the supply and especially the return line (the underfloor heating system is most effective in these cases). Sometimes, in order to lower the temperature, a heat carrier from the "return" is supplied to the warm floor.
• In Russia, such boilers are not widespread at the moment, and there are several reasons for this. First of all, this is the high price for such units, as well as the low prevalence of low-temperature water circuits ("warm floor"), which maximize the efficiency of the boiler. In addition, the condensate itself is an acidic solution and, when drained into the sewer, needs to be neutralized using a special composition.

Electric boilers

Heating element boiler Elite-Teplo

• Some people decide that an electric boiler would be the best option for heating the heating circuit, but they can be heating elements and electrodes. The device of the first is quite traditional and consists of a container for a heat carrier (heat exchanger) and a heating element mounted there. The tubular electric heater itself consists of a steel or copper shell filled with quartz sand, into which a nichrome spiral is pressed.
• The switch from the thermostat regulates the heating of the water in the tank, opening the circuit at a certain temperature set by the user. As a rule, such boilers are used with a pump for forced circulation of the coolant. The cost of such boilers is quite high, but in the absence of a nearby gas pipeline, this may be the best option.

Electrode heating devices (EOU)

• Electrode devices are more economical for boilers with power supply, which also have a higher efficiency than heating elements. For Russia, such units are relatively new, but, nevertheless, they are quite in demand.

The principle of heating the coolant in the EOU

• The principle of operation of electrode boilers is quite simple, since the coolant itself acts as a spiral. A block of electrodes is hidden in the container and a liquid (water or a special coolant), getting inside, moves from the anode to the cathode, with an oscillation frequency of 50 Hz. From this vibration, heating occurs and at the outlet the coolant reaches a temperature of 95⁰C.
• EOU can operate from 220V or 380V, that is, from single-phase and three-phase power lines, which allows you to select them in terms of power. For example, a single-phase heating element boiler for 3 kW at a consumption of 1.8 kW / h can heat an area of ​​30m2, and a single-phase EOC of the same power at a consumption of 1.0 kW / h will heat 60m2. A three-phase heating element for 9kW at a consumption of 4.2kW ​​/ h will heat 90m2, but an electrode heater for 9kW at a cost of 3.0kW / h - 180m2.

Parallel connection of EOU

• The advantages of EOU over heating elements are more than obvious, besides, electrode heaters can be connected in parallel with boilers of a different type or with each other.

Advice. To increase the conductivity of the coolant and, as a result, its effectiveness, 30 g of baking soda can be added per 100 liters of liquid.

Oil-fired boilers

Diesel boiler Ferolli GN1

• Liquid fuel boilers got their name because of the types of fuel, as they can run on fuel oil, kerosene and diesel fuel, but most often on the latter. They are also called diesel by the type of fuel consumed. Such units are used in areas where there are no gas mains for domestic needs and voltage drops are possible.

Diesel boiler cutaway

• Diesel devices are equipped with burners with forced air supply, the amount of which is regulated by built-in automation. Due to the movement of air, oil boilers are quite noisy compared to gas ones. The burner can be one-, two- and three-stage.
• To adjust the burners with the unit, there is always an instruction that allows you to correctly calculate the fuel consumption. Also, the savings and increase in the efficiency of the device is facilitated precisely by the multistage burners, which makes it possible to increase the volume of settings. In many diesel boilers, the burners are integrated into the body.

Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers Atmos

• Despite the simplicity of the device, such boilers have a number of undoubted advantages. First of all, it is the availability and low cost of combustible material, because the devices are capable of operating on any coal, peat briquettes, wood, pellets and any other solid fuel... In addition, due to the versatility of the fuel, the unit can operate independently from external power sources (gas, electricity).

Gas generator (pyrolysis) boiler device

• Also, solid fuel units include gas-generating boilers (photo above), which are equipped with two cameras. In the first compartment, a solid fuel combustion process takes place when air with a low oxygen content is supplied, and in the second compartment, the final combustion of the so-called pyrolysis gas takes place. These devices require electrical power for the fan.

Buleryan stove with a water jacket

• The Canadian Buleryan system can be called a prototype of a gas-generating boiler, only in this situation you need not an air, but a water jacket for the heating circuit. Among solid fuel boilers, Buleryan has the highest efficiency, reaching 98%. Unlike its counterparts, the Canadian boiler can only run on wood.

Advice. The Buleryan system leaves no ash and all waste evaporates in the form of condensate and soot. In this regard, the chimney must be cleaned at least twice a year and at the same time carefully monitor the ventilation system.

Conclusion

The article did not mention multi-fuel equipment, which you can also install yourself. A universal boiler can operate on two or more types of fuel, for example, gas - diesel or gas - diesel - solid fuel - electricity. But such heaters are much more expensive and it is more profitable to purchase mono-fuel units.

Page 3

An autonomous heating system of a country house is a step towards economical heating, high-quality and stable heat supply.

Such heating has many advantages over centralized heating, the most important of which are:

• The quality of the services received;
• Ease of regulation;
• Lower production cost.

Installation of autonomous heating

You can build such a heat supply in any country house... In apartments, this is quite problematic due to the many bureaucratic procedures, but it is also possible.

In this article, we will look at what components the system consists of, what is better to buy, as well as opportunities to save money.

Autonomous heat supply composition

Heat supply consists of:

• A source of heat. Depending on the fuel on which the boiler will operate, this equipment can operate on solid fuel (coal, pellets, wood chips, wood), liquid (fuel oil, diesel fuel, waste oil), electricity, natural gas;

Pyrolysis boiler

• Pipelines. They tie the heat source and heating devices together. Their task is to perform the functions of transporting the coolant. Plastic, steel or copper pipes can be used for heating;
• Heating appliances. They can be both sectional and monolithic. They are made of aluminum, steel, cast iron and other metals. V Lately vacuum radiators become popular;
• Adjustment and safety elements. Thermostatic heads are installed on the supply of the coolant to the battery and regulate the flow. Safety elements are expansion tanks, explosive valves and others;
• Pumps. Carry out the transportation of the coolant, thereby ensuring circulation.

Boiler selection

The autonomous heating scheme of a house necessarily includes a heat generator. The performance of the entire heating will depend on the operation of this element.

The choice of this component in most cases will depend on the fuel on which it is planned to operate; it should be readily available and financially attractive.

Boiler on "working off"

Important. The only inconvenience during work is the need to install a fuel tank. In most cases, a separate room is allocated for him so that his smells do not interfere with those around him.

Heating devices

Autonomous home heaters are represented by the following models:

• Steel radiators. The most common design is two ribbed plates welded together. You can look at such a device in the photo below or in the video in our gallery. Despite their low heat dissipation, such devices are well distributed, this is due to their affordable cost.

Steel battery

Such devices may have different sizes, it depends on the manufacturer and the required power. Since the heat transfer of the device is not very high, then there is nothing left but to increase the heat transfer area. Compared to aluminum or bimetallic radiators heating they are the most affordable.

If we talk about the advantages, then they are difficult to corrode, but on condition that the system is always filled with water. The disadvantage is low working pressures and fear of water hammer.

Important! Such radiators are well suited for stand-alone systems, since they operate at a pressure of 2-3 atmospheres. In multi-storey buildings, they can be used only if there is a heating point.

• Cast iron batteries. They became widespread even under the USSR. The classic representative of this type of the times of "developed socialism" are radiators of the MS 140 brand.

MC 140 device

Cast iron appliances have good thermal conductivity. They are well suited for heating networks because they are not demanding on water quality. The devices have good inertia, which allows them to radiate heat for a long time.

The design of the MC 140 allows only to radiate heat; heat transfer by convection is not provided. Modern models of devices have designs that give off heat and convection.

Such heating devices do not like hydraulic shocks, since cast iron itself is very fragile. The disadvantage of cast iron is that it does not tolerate water hammer very well. Due to the heavy weight of the battery, the installation work is laborious. The price of these devices is one of the lowest.

• Aluminum appliances. They have a beautiful appearance, despite their light weight, they have good heat transfer. Sectional and cast models are produced. Such equipment is not as susceptible to water hammer as previous radiators, but it is afraid of corrosion.

Aluminum batteries

Despite these advantages, there are also disadvantages. The main thing is the exactingness to the quality of the coolant, an overestimated value of acidity is not allowed (it cannot be used in ordinary heating networks).

The design of the radiator contributes to airing, therefore, when using them, the installation of air extractors is mandatory.

Important. If you decide to operate these heating elements, then you must ensure that there are no antagonist metals (copper) in the system. Because the processes of destruction of pipelines can begin.

• Bimetallic radiators. The production is carried out using a special technology. During manufacture, two metals are used: steel and aluminum. These models incorporate the advantages of aluminum and steel radiators... Heating system country house it will work at a high level with these radiators.

Bimetal radiator

All elements that come into contact with the coolant are made of steel, and those that are responsible for the heat transfer from aluminum. In this way, it is possible to improve the performance characteristics, because aluminum has a significantly better heat transfer coefficient, and steel has resistance to poor water quality.

These devices have a service life of more than twenty years, and their appearance will allow them to be installed in any room without decorative boxes. The disadvantages include the high cost and small cross-section of pipes in the collectors.

• Vacuum radiators. In such devices, the coolant moves only along the lower collector, and the other space is filled with a boron-lithium mixture under vacuum. One section of such a battery contains fifty grams of coolant. For example, aluminum holds three hundred and fifty grams.

The boron-lithium mixture begins to boil at thirty-five degrees. It becomes obvious that less coolant is required to heat the room, which means less fuel, and it is saved.

Comparison with a thermal imager: vacuum battery (left), cast iron (right)

Due to their design, the batteries are not airy, they can be slightly slagged. These devices can be installed in any heating system, the instructions for their operation allow you to do this.

It should also be noted the high safety and durability of these batteries. Once you invest once, you will forget about heating problems and autonomous system home heating will delight you.

Pump selection

There is a wide range of similar products in specialized stores. Moreover, there are both expensive and cheaper models. We will not describe the disadvantages and advantages of this equipment, if you are interested in it, then on our website there is a special article on this topic. Let's say one thing, if finances allow you, then it is better to purchase a pump from a proven company: Pedrollo, Grundfos, Wilo.

Circulation pump Grundfos

Conclusion

Do-it-yourself self-heating at home is more than a doable task. In order to translate it into reality, you need to familiarize yourself with the information on our website. The more information you get, the better you will know what you need.

otoplenie-gid.ru

Electric heating in a private house: how to heat a home without gas, firewood and diesel fuel

Electricity is one of the most expensive types of energy sources, but despite this, some owners of country cottages for various reasons choose it as the main source of heat for their homes. Moreover, knowing some of the secrets and nuances, you can significantly reduce the cost of payment utilities... How to make electric heating of a private house with your own hands and not go broke on its operation, read on.

Heating the house with electricity - effective method provide yourself with warmth

Self-assembly of the climatic network

Choosing the right system

A simple analysis of various heating schemes used in individual construction shows that water heating of a private house with electricity is most beneficial.

In this case, an electric boiler is used to heat the liquid (water or antifreeze), which then flows through the pipes to the heating radiators and there it gives the accumulated thermal energy to the air in the room. To ensure greater efficiency, an electric pump can be included in the circuit, accelerating the circulation of the coolant.

In the photo - a diagram of the operation of water heating with an electric boiler

This heating system is easy to install and operate. Installation does not require special skills or special permissions. You just need to make sure that the existing wiring and main power lines can withstand the load from connecting the boiler of your choice.

An electric water heating system for a private house consists of the following elements that must be purchased before making your own climate system:

Appliance	Description
Electric boiler	The power of this device depends on the area of ​​the heated premises, possible heat loss and several other factors. There are special formulas for calculating the amount of heat energy required for heating.
Circulation pump	Such equipment not only reduces the inertia of the system, allowing the house to heat up in a shorter time, but also saves electricity, increasing the heat transfer of the climate network as a whole.
Bypass	Installed with the pump. It is necessary to organize the overflow of liquid in the event of a breakdown of electrical equipment.
Expansion tank	Installed in a hot water heating system to compensate for pressure when heating a liquid. It is recommended to buy closed-type containers with a membrane. Although their price is slightly higher, they help to avoid losses of the coolant and can be placed not in the upper part of the system, but on the pipe supplying water to the boiler.
Pipelines	Necessary for transporting the heating agent from the boiler to the heating radiators. They also connect all other elements of the system. Polymer pipes are excellent for the system under consideration. If you decide to do hidden gasket, you need to take parts from metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.
Underfloor heating	This is an optional element of the heating system, but it helps to significantly save electricity. In the described case, the initial heating of the air occurs with the help of radiators, and the “warm floor”, which requires less electricity, is responsible for maintaining a comfortable temperature.

A water heat-insulated floor will significantly increase the economy and efficiency of the climatic network

Note! Heating in a private house with electricity is completely dependent on the presence of voltage in the sockets. Therefore, in the event of an emergency power outage, the dwelling will be left without heat. To avoid this, you can purchase a combination heating equipment operating on several types of fuel.

So you can temporarily start the boiler on diesel fuel or wood, while waiting for the arrival of the repair team of electricians in the warmth.

The instructions for designing a heating system are quite simple.

Installation work is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Installation of an electric heating boiler. There are no subtleties here, except for the choice of power. It is better for a specialist to calculate this parameter, but the general recommendation says: 1 kW of thermal energy is needed for 18 m3 of heated area. In this case, it is advisable to adhere to the following tips:

• when installing equipment on the floor or hanging it on a wall, it is necessary to use a water or laser level, otherwise the liquid will be unevenly distributed in the heat exchanger, as a result of which it may boil and intensive formation of mineral deposits on heating elements;
• shut-off valves must be installed on the inlet and outlet pipes (it will allow you to turn off the boiler without draining the coolant);
• you need to connect the boiler to the electrical network using a cable of a suitable cross-section (preferably multi-core).

When installing an electric boiler, pay attention to the observance of the horizontal and vertical, otherwise a large amount of scale will form in it.

Note! Before connecting the boiler, you must make sure that the meter you have is capable of transferring this amount of energy. Powerful climatic equipment (over 10 kW) requires a three-phase current.

Take care of this in advance by contacting the organization that supplies the electricity.

The tightness of the climatic network depends on the quality of the installation of the pipeline system.

Advice! Before installing the system, it is necessary to correctly calculate its hydraulic resistance. Special computer programs will help.

Otherwise, water in pipes and radiators will not flow in the right direction, which will force you to start from scratch.

1. Construction of water heated floors. Although this element of the system, strictly speaking, is not mandatory, its installation in heating systems with an electric boiler can significantly save on utility bills. The supply of coolant to the pipes under the floor can be organized by inserting into common system or equip an additional circuit. The latter option is preferable, as it allows you to more accurately regulate the microclimate in the house.

An approximate diagram for connecting heating radiators and underfloor heating circuits

The heating system of a private house - electric or any other - will be more economical if you provide for the installation of mechanical, and better electronic thermostats, which change the operating modes of the boiler and the circulation pump depending on the temperature outside and in the house. In this case, energy resources will be consumed more economically.

Features and secrets

Let's dwell on some of the nuances, the observance of which allows us to make the heating system using electricity as comfortable, ergonomic and economical as possible:

• all electrical appliances are connected with the electrical circuit disconnected;
• each heating radiator must be equipped with an air valve (Mayevsky valve), which will be needed to remove air locks from the heating system that formed there after pouring the coolant;

A Mayevsky tap must be installed on each heating radiator

• if you decide to install an open expansion tank in the heating system, it must be installed at the highest point of the system - in the attic of the house;
• in order to make your electric heating system completely autonomous, it is advisable to purchase and install a diesel generator of the required power, which will turn on in case of power outages.

At the end of the installation, it is necessary to pressurize the heating circuits. For this, a special pneumatic device is used, but you can do without it. You just need to put the system into operation with a fluid pressure slightly higher than the design one and let it run for at least 24 hours. During this time, any flaws and defects in the installation will be identified.

Conclusion

An electric heating system is a very easy to install and effective way to heat rooms. However, it cannot be classified as economical. To reduce costs, it is recommended to install multi-fuel boilers in the house. For more details, see the video.

gidroguru.com

Electric heating: types and methods

It is not always possible to carry main gas, but electricity is everywhere (almost). How and with what device it is possible to make electric heating of a private house, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method - about all this below.

Types of electric heating

Heating with electricity can be done in several ways. First of all, you should decide on the type of system that you want to implement. It will be traditional water heating, air or underfloor heating. All three systems can be used as a single heating method, as well as a combined one - any two or even all three. To be determined, you need to represent the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Electric heating does not have to be the same type

Water heating with electric boiler

Let's start with the merits. The most stable system, which, due to inertia, continues to maintain the temperature for some time after the boiler has stopped working. During operation, it dries the air to a minimum, it works almost silently. High maintainability. If you do not hide the heating pipes in the walls, they are always available for repair and replacement.

Water heating with an electric boiler is no different

The disadvantages are as follows. A complex system of pipes and radiators requires a lot of time and money at the installation stage. Due to the inertia, it is impossible to quickly change the temperature - it will not be possible to quickly heat the room. If the system is shut down in winter, it can collapse - if the water freezes in the pipes, it will burst. For serious repairs, a complete shutdown and drainage of the coolant is required.

Air heating on electric heaters

Heating of this type can be quickly installed. All you need is to buy heaters, hang them up and plug them in. The air begins to heat up immediately after switching on. When the system is frozen, it remains operational - there is nothing to freeze. Heating elements are not connected with each other. Failure of one does not affect the performance of others in any way. It can be easily repaired.

Hang up the heaters - that's all you need

The disadvantages of air heating are as follows. First, when the heaters are turned off, the temperature drops rapidly. To ensure continuous operation, a backup power supply system is required. The second - due to direct contact with the heating elements, the air dries up, measures / devices are needed to humidify the air. Third, many air heaters have built-in fans, which increase efficiency, but they are noisy.

Underfloor heating on electrical elements

Electric underfloor heating is the youngest heating system. Of all those described above, it provides the most comfortable conditions - the highest temperature is obtained at the level of the legs, and in the region of the head it is average. Also, this system is inert - while the solid floor heats up / cools down, a significant period of time passes. For this reason, after switching off, the temperature remains for some time. The complexity of installation depends on the type of electric underfloor heating. There are systems that require screeds (electric heating cables and mats), there are those that are mounted on a flat rigid base without wet works (film floor heating) and can be used to heat laminate, linoleum, etc.

Warm floor is different types... This is a comfortable way to heat a private house with electricity.

Electric heating of a private house with underfloor heating also has disadvantages. The first is medium to low maintainability. There is no direct access to the heating system. You have to disassemble / break the floor. The second - the time and effort spent on the electric underfloor heating device cannot be called low. Systems requiring screeds are mounted for about a month (you cannot use the screed while the screed "matures"), a warm floor for "dry" installation can be assembled in a day, but the cost of heating elements is quite high.

What type of heating with electricity is the best

As you can see, it will not work to say which type of electric heating is the best in the house. There is no ideal. It is necessary to proceed from the operating conditions:

The above is based on majority choice. This does not mean that it is impossible to make air electric heating of a private house in a house with permanent residence. You can, and they do. You just need to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages.

Electric boilers for hot water heating

One of the key positions in the installation of water heating at home is the boiler. Electric boilers are of three types:

They all heat water using electricity, but use different processes and technologies. Each of the types has advantages and disadvantages, which we will talk about in more detail.

Electric boilers TENovye

The working element in these heating boilers is an electrically tubular heater, abbreviated as a heating element. It is made of a material that generates heat when an electric current passes through it. This element is enclosed in an electrically insulating tube, the space between the heating element and the tube is filled with sand - for more efficient heat transfer from the heating coil to the body. The water in the boiler flows around the heating element, heating up from its walls.

Heating element device

As is clear from the description, an electric boiler of this type does not have a very high efficiency - there are too many losses during heat transfer. But boilers with heating elements are popular, due to the fact that they have a relatively low cost, heating elements are easily replaced. Another disadvantage of boilers of this type can be called large dimensions - you need a container for heating water,

In order for electric heating of a private house based on a boiler with heating elements to be economical, it must have the following functions:

Such models are expensive, but heating bills come in less, since at any given time there are as many heaters as needed to maintain the desired temperature. This is how savings are achieved.

There is one more point: the system must be of a closed type. The fact is that when water is heated, limescale forms on the surface of the heating elements, which significantly reduces the efficiency of water heating. In a closed-type system, a certain amount of water circulates and there is simply nowhere to "achieve" a raid. If the system is planned to be open, it will have to use water with a minimum amount of salts. Ideally distilled.

Induction electric boilers

It has long been noticed that an object falling into a magnetic field heats up. The operation of induction heating boilers is based on this phenomenon. In fact, it is big induction coil through which the current is passed. Water flows through the induction field, heats up, enters the system.

The principle of operation of an electric boiler operating on electromagnetic induction

Advantages of an induction boiler:

The disadvantages of these boilers are a higher price (in comparison with heating elements boilers of similar power). The second minus is that it is necessary to monitor the level of the coolant in the system. There is no way to control it automatically, therefore constant checks are required. If it is not enough, the coil will overheat. If this state of affairs persists for some time, the body may even melt. This is one of important points.

Otherwise, the reliability of this boiler is high - there is nothing to burn out, since the conductor through which the current flows does not heat up significantly. After all, the formation of heat occurs in the liquid.

Electrode heating boilers

These electric heating boilers use the phenomenon of electrolysis. When ions move to an electrode with a corresponding charge, heat is released. An alternating voltage Hz is supplied to the electrodes in this boiler. So the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second. As a result, the movement of ions, accompanied by the release of heat, does not stop and the heat is carried through the heating system.

The difference between heating elements and electrode boilers consists in the heating area

Advantages of electrode boilers:

• The heat carrier is heated "from the inside", while the entire volume of liquid inside the boiler is heated. So the energy efficiency of such equipment is high, it takes less time to reach the set temperature. This leads to lower heating costs. This is what the manufacturers say, and the owners of these boilers confirm.
• Small size.
• Lack of coolant is not a problem. The equipment just won't work. Water will be added to the system, everything will work.
• Low cost.
• Simple installation.

These are all the real advantages of electrode heating boilers. The main advantage is that this equipment can be left to work unattended.

Disadvantages of this heating equipment:

The described disadvantages, rather, can be attributed to the features of the operation. In general, electric heating of a private house with an electrode boiler suits many. All that is needed is to properly prepare the water (add salt) or fill in a special coolant.

A few words about the cost of electric boilers

If you look at the prices for electrical heating boilers, then heating elements really have a higher price tag, and electrode or induction ones - much less. But do not flatter yourself. In reality, the difference will not be so striking.

All the necessary elements are built into the heating elements
Electrode and induction boilers supplied only with a control unit, and even then not always
At first glance, the difference is big

Under the casing of the heating element boiler, in addition to the tank for heating water and heating elements, there is also a circulation pump, a temperature sensor, a control device and an expansion tank. That is, you don't need to buy anything extra.

The price tag for an electrode and induction boiler is only the boiler itself, sometimes complete with a control unit, and even then not always. Sometimes controls need to be purchased separately. All other parts of the system that electric water heating of a private house needs - an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors - all these devices will have to be bought separately. That's for sure. Perhaps the amount spent as a result will be less than the cost of the heating element boiler, but the difference will clearly not be as large as it seems at first glance. And this must be remembered.

Heating a house with electric heaters

Electric heating of a private house can be done on the basis of electric heaters. It can be done based on:

What attracts most of all in the idea of ​​electric air heating of a private house is the absence of the need to build a complex and expensive system. All you need is sockets and sufficient dedicated power at home. Heating itself can be organized using a variety of devices.

Air convectors

By the method of installation, they are:

An air convector of any type has a similar structure: there is a heating element (TEN) with fins - for better heat transfer. The required temperature is set on the thermostat, which turns on / off the heater as needed. There are openings in the housing for better air circulation. The lower ones are for the intake of cold air, the upper ones are for the output of the heated one. In this case, circulation occurs naturally, but in this case the air moves slowly, also slowly spreading heat. For a more active set of temperatures, fans are built into some models, which speed up the process.

The device of a modern convector electric heater

Three types - wall, ceiling, floor - practically do not require installation. For wall hooks, two hooks screwed into the wall are needed, ceiling hooks are attached with dowels or self-tapping screws to the ceiling, floor hooks with the same fasteners, but to the floor. But with the other two types - plinth and trench - the situation is different.

As the name implies, skirting boards are mounted instead of skirting boards and have a corresponding look. The difference from heating with conventional convectors is that the air comes out near the wall, gradually heating it. When heated, it starts to work as a large radiator, maintaining the temperature in the room for some time after turning off the convector. The disadvantage is that until the wall (s) heats up, the air heats up very slowly. So electric heating of a private house on skirting convectors is suitable for permanent residence.

Skirting convectors - an inconspicuous method of electric heating

Floor convectors have a different difference. They work like conventional convectors, but are built into the floor. They have a depth of at least 10 cm (these are the "shallowest" ones), so their installation is possible only at the stage of repair. Moreover, the floor usually has to be lifted. But this is the most unobtrusive heating method. It is indispensable if you need to heat a French window or solid glazing.

Oil heaters

Electric heating of a private house using oil heaters is not done very often. They are more used as a remedy in case of abnormal cold weather. Although they do their job well, fewer convectors dry the air. The heating element is the same heating element and it is inserted into a container filled with oil. Due to its energy intensity, it stores little a large amount of heat and only then begins to emit it. Warmth that is more pleasant for a person emanates from the walls of these heaters. It looks more like heat from a heated earth or stove.

Oil heaters for electric heating of a private house

The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a long time for the oil to warm up. That is, due to their inertia, they can only be used on a long-term basis - in houses with permanent residence. At dachas - only for the duration of long visits, since they are not able to quickly heat the room.

Oil heaters are often produced on casters - this is a mobile "emergency" option. There are wall models. Here they can be used to heat the house.

Ceramic heating panels

In ceramic heating panels, the heating element is located close to the glass ceramic front panel. This panel heats up to 80-90 ° C, after which it begins to radiate heat in the infrared range. This is exactly the heat that the sun emits.

Installation of ceramic heating panels for electric heating of a private house

Like any heating element, this one "works" in two directions and heats the opposite side. To reduce heat losses on the back side, a screen is installed between the back panel and the heating element, reflecting some of the heat towards the ceramic. This increases the heating efficiency.

When calculating conventional heaters (except infrared), take 1 kW of electric heater power per 10 square meters of area. But if it is decided to make electric heating of a private house on the basis of ceramic heating panels, it is recommended to count 0.5 kW for the same area. And a video review of the work of such a panel confirms the validity of this approach. But, in order to prevent the heater from working at the power limit in cold weather, it is better to count 0.6 kW per square. And then on condition that you have "standard" ceilings.

Infrared emitters

Another way to organize electric heating of a private house is to use infrared heaters. Their main difference is that it is not the air that heats up, but objects falling into the range of infrared waves. The air is already warming up from them. That is, this method of heating is identical to how the sun "works" - first the earth heats up, and from it - the air.

One of the options for heating a private house with electricity is the use of infrared heaters

This method turns out to be the most effective. In any case, a person in a room heated by such devices says that he is warm at more low temperatures... The difference is 3-4 ° C. That is, this method of heating allows you to spend less electricity. And one more positive moment - heated objects (and these are walls and a ceiling too) accumulate heat, and then maintain the temperature after turning off the heaters.

Automatic heating boilers

The most economical way to heat a private house is an autonomous system that runs on natural gas. But often, for objective reasons, such an opportunity is not available everywhere. Solid fuel boilers or heating from a fireplace / stove with a closed firebox (if the house is small) are in the second place in terms of the cost of thermal energy, but if you take into account the need to store fuel and the complexity of maintenance, not everyone likes this method of heating. To store liquefied gas, expensive containers are needed. And liquid fuel, in addition to difficulties with storage, is distinguished by expensive equipment and poor environmental performance. Electric heating of a private house is devoid of all these disadvantages. Except for one thing - the high cost of the energy carrier. Although in this case, there are opportunities to reduce the burden on the family budget. What features does heating a house with electricity have? The most economical way that you can heat a house with energy, we will consider in our article.

Electric heaters do not need chimneys and can be installed anywhere

Which heaters are not suitable for the heating system

Sometimes you have to read unfair criticism of some types of heating devices. They are criticized not for real shortcomings, but for fictional ones. Although at the end of the criticism, the conclusions are completely correct - these devices can only be used as auxiliary heaters, and it is impossible to build an economical heating system with their help.

Oil radiator

Considered uneconomical - critics argue that it should not be used as a heating device due to its high energy consumption and low efficiency. But it is this type of device that has one of the highest efficiency - about 98%. That is, it converts almost all electrical energy into heat (the law of conservation of energy has not yet been canceled), and those insignificant losses of 2% are due to the resistance of the inner walls of the radiator to the coolant. Yes, it is inertial - it heats up for a long time, but also cools down for a long time.

Another drawback is that the room heats up for a long time with its help.

But this is a property of all batteries, including water heating, in which the main method of heat transfer is natural convection, and it flows slowly.

The main disadvantage is the "rough" power regulation and the use of mechanical thermostats. And such inaccurate control temperature conditions makes the oil cooler ineffective when trying to optimize the heating costs for electricity in a private home. Also, it has a rather high body temperature when operating at full power, which is dangerous if there are small children in the house.

There are models of oil radiators that can be hung on the wall

Fan heater

A fan heater is often said to burn oxygen. But "burning oxygen" is nothing more than an oxidation (combustion) process, and the maximum that can burn out at a rather low temperature of the spiral is organic dust in the air. Therefore, it is incorrect to talk about burning oxygen (after all, the wood does not burn), since this insignificant volume must be replenished as a result of mandatory ventilation of the room.

The efficiency of such a device is slightly lower than that of an oil cooler (part of the electricity is spent on the operation of the fan), but not very different, given that the power of the fan motor itself is small (about 50 W out of a total of 1 or 2 kW). The advantage is that the room warms up very quickly. Disadvantages - constant noise level (albeit negligible) and dust transfer throughout the room. And the main drawback of these household appliances is manual power control and the illusory possibility of creating an automated heating system based on fan heaters.

The fan heater is the most compact heater and is great for heating a small area.

Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize once again that the main reason due to which some types of electric heaters are not suitable for heating a house is not efficiency (almost all of them are above 95%), but the impossibility of automating the control of the system. It is this factor that does not allow optimizing the operation of the heating system, and without this it is impossible to heat a house with electricity cheaply.

Efficient methods of heating with electricity

Heating with electricity in a private house has the main advantages over all others - these are simple and accurate methods of monitoring and regulating the operation of all units and elements. Even the sensors and display of information about operating modes are more accurate than equipment based on other types of energy sources.

Individual electric heating of a private house has three options for heating systems:

autonomous hot water heating systems based on electric boilers:

use of infrared ceramic heaters;

electric convectors with electronic thermostats.

All these systems can be adapted into a smart home system and controlled remotely.

Differences between gas and electricity heating in the video:

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of electrical work. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Heating by electric boiler

This classic scheme autonomous heating systems. There are two options for heating the coolant - indirect and direct.

Electric boilers indirect heating there are two types: heating elements and induction.

The device and principle of operation of heating elements are quite simple - there is a heating coil, enclosed in a sealed metal shell with a dielectric heat-conducting filler, heat from the spiral through the filler is transferred to the surface of the heating element shell, with which the heating system coolant contacts.

This is how the "filling" of a 9 kW heating element looks like, which, despite its compact size, is capable of heating a house with an area of ​​100 m2

Induction boilers have appeared for domestic heating systems relatively recently. Their principle of operation lies in the property of metals to heat up under the influence of a variable magnetic field... The heating element itself is an inductive coil with a ferromagnetic alloy core, through the "secondary winding" of which the coolant passes.

Induction heater operation diagram

A feature of electric boilers of direct heating is that water acts not only as a heat carrier, but also is part of electrical circuit- an alternating current passes through it between the electrodes. Where does the name of the boilers come from - electrode.

Each type of boiler has its own disadvantages. The heating elements form scale, which leads to a decrease in the useful power and resource of the boiler. Induction - rather expensive, cumbersome and have a "step" power control. Electrode ones have severe restrictions on the quality and composition of water, which must have a certain specific electrical resistance to alternating current.

A cascade of four electrode boilers for heating a large house

Well, the main disadvantage of heating a country house with an electric boiler is the presence of the coolant itself and a "bulky" circulation system from pipes and batteries. The arrangement of such a system is costly, and the efficiency in comparison with direct-action electric heaters can be less if circulation pumps are used.

Infrared heaters

There are several types of heaters that use radiation (radiation) as the transfer of thermal energy. This method of transmission is considered the most effective for heating a room - first, objects standing in the path of infrared radiation are heated, and then, due to secondary convection, the air is heated from them.

Clearly about infrared heaters in the video:

There are three principally different types of infrared heaters:

reflectors in which the incandescent spiral is enclosed in a quartz glass bulb;

panel - in a ceramic monolithic plate the heating element is "sealed";

film - with carbon spraying on a polymer film.

Heating a house with electricity of the first type refers to heaters operating in the shortwave range of infrared radiation.

Such devices can be used as an additional heater, but not as a basic element of a private house heating system with electricity.

Disadvantages - the lowest efficiency (due to the visible part of the radiation), lack of precise temperature control and high case temperature.

The second type of device operates in the soft long-wavelength range. The maximum temperature of the ceramic panel does not exceed 90 ° C, but on the case it is even lower. There are two types of control - mechanical and electronic thermostat. The first option assumes manual control and its accuracy is low. With electronic thermostats, you can set the temperature with an accuracy of 1 ° C.

The infrared panel is so safe that it can be hung on wooden walls

Film heaters are the most efficient. Usually they are used as part of a warm floor, but in principle they can be mounted in walls or on the ceiling. But it is precisely the installation in the composition flooring most of all corresponds to the correct and uniform heating of the room. The operation is controlled in automatic mode using the "temperature sensor-thermostat" pair.

If there is not enough space on the floor, then the film heater can be mounted on any free plane.

Convectors

Externally, the convectors are very similar to ceramic panel heaters, but inside the metal case there is an "open" heating element, enclosed inside a plate radiator. The fundamental difference in the heating method is that cold air enters the housing through the lower row of holes, in contact with the radiator, heats up and exits through the upper row of holes.

The convector body not only protects the heating element, but also increases the speed of the upward flow. Due to this, at the same power, the room is heated faster than from a hot water battery.

Stylish convector panel looks great in a modern interior

As with ceramic panel heaters, there are two types of thermostats - mechanical and electronic. And exactly electronic control work ensures accuracy of regulation and the ability to work in several modes:

individual, manually controlled, used to heat a separate room;

group, the operation of several devices under the control of one (common) thermostat, which ensures uniform heating of a large area or the same heating mode for several rooms;

intelligent, control using a remote control, connecting to a GSM module and controlling using standard commands from a remote terminal (mobile communication, Internet), connecting to a router and controlling via a local network and / or the Internet.

What is better to choose: an electric boiler or an electric convector - clearly on the video:

An example of a real system with an intelligent control circuit for electric heating of a house

NOBO, a leading European manufacturer of convectors, produces two compatible intelligent control systems for electrical appliances. Including "warm floors" (through a thermostat) and any other household appliances that are connected to the network (through a shield, "break" in the circuit or turning on / off sockets). To do this, they produce special thermostats, receptacle receptacles and flush-mounted relay receivers.

With the help of such a system, it is possible to monitor and control the operation of up to 100 devices or group zones. And thermostats of the 700 series provide 4 modes of convector operation: comfortable, economical, non-freezing (air temperature 7 ° C) and "off". According to the manufacturer, the flexibility of such a control system for convectors and underfloor heating allows you to save up to 25% on electric heating at home.

One of two control schemes for a multi-zone electrical system

As a result - how to optimize electric heating

In addition to the competent selection of heating equipment, an efficient and optimal (in terms of costs) heating system with electricity is only possible with comprehensive house insulation - from the basement to the roof. Otherwise, the cost of heating a house that is blown out will be much higher, even despite the high efficiency of the heater itself, and heating the house with electricity is unlikely to work out cheaply.

A happy suburban property owner, it doesn't matter if it's a cottage or a modest one country house, be sure to think about heating his home. There are many options to choose from. Unfortunately, due to objective reasons, not all of them can be realized. Electric heating is among the most acceptable: in a private house, it is quite possible to equip such a system yourself.

Heating with electricity is a very broad concept. Under it are two completely different ways organization of space heating:

• With intermediate heating agent. It assumes the presence of a system with a circulating heat carrier, which heats up the boiler, which is powered by electricity.
• Direct heat dissipation. Various equipment is used that directly converts electrical energy into heat. These can be various convectors, heaters, fan heaters, etc.

Is it profitable to be heated with electricity?

Convector system device

One of the popular ways to equip heating a private house with electricity can be considered the use of convectors, devices that use air convection in their work.

The device and principle of operation of the convector

In a metal case heater built-in thermostat-controlled heating elements. Each of them is a high resistance conductor placed in a ceramic sheath, hermetically sealed in an aluminum or steel case. This design of the device allows you to increase the area of ​​interaction with air and efficiently heat it. The working temperature of the heating elements varies from 100 to 60C.

Convectors are dependent on the supply of electricity, which makes their owners think about the availability of an alternative heating system in case of an accident

After turning on the convector, heating of the heating elements starts. According to physical laws, cooled air descends. Here it goes through the lower grate into the interior of the structure and passes through the heating elements, gradually warming up and rising up. There it gradually cools down and goes down again. The process is repeated many times, allowing you to create a comfortable room temperature. If necessary, fans can be used to speed up natural convection.

The design features of convectors determine their main disadvantages, including uneven heating of the air. The temperature near the floor itself remains lower than under the ceiling, which, however, is also characteristic of water heating. Another "minus" - the circulating currents raise dust, which is inevitably present in every home. Today, models are produced that are practically devoid of this drawback.

Wall-mounted or floor-mounted?

Heating can be done using different models convectors. There are two main types of instruments:

• Wall structures. They differ in height, which averages 45 cm, and in the way of fastening. They can either be installed directly on the floor or mounted on the wall using a special device.
• Outdoor. Narrow long appliances, which are usually installed under low-lying windows, stained-glass windows and in the area of ​​baseboards. Despite the lower power than that of wall-mounted convectors, they will need much less time to warm up the room.

Devices of both types are equipped with thermostats, which can be either built-in or remote. Also, designs are produced that do not burn oxygen in the room and do not dry out the air.

The wall-mounted convector model is mounted on the wall using special fasteners

Floor models of electric convectors are installed on the floor, and not inside it, like their water counterparts. Therefore, they can be installed at the end of the repair.

Calculation of the required number of convectors for heating

The number and power of devices required to equip the heating of a country house with electricity is calculated based on the volume of the room in which they will be installed.

First, the average value of the power required for heating 1 cubic meter is selected. Average values ​​for premises:

• with good thermal insulation that meets the energy saving standards of the Scandinavian countries - 20 W per cubic meter. m;
• with insulated ceilings, walls and double-glazed windows on the windows - 30 W per cu. m;
• with insufficient insulation - 40 W per cu. m;
• with poor insulation - 50 W per cu. m.

Based on these values, the power required to heat the room is determined and the required number of devices for heating is selected. It is very important to do the calculations correctly. Practice shows that even electric heating wooden house absolutely safe on condition of competent selection of equipment and its high-quality installation.

Additional useful information about electric convectors can be found in our next article:.

Convectors are an effective, but far from the only option for space heating devices powered by electricity. A variety of electrical home heating systems make it possible to choose the most suitable option, which will provide efficient and safe heating of the home.