How to overlap the entrance to the second floor. Air insulation floors at home

There is a desire to insulate the air volumes of the two floors at home. This will allow in various operating modes of the house in different ways to heat the floors. Why can it be needed? I will consider three different home heating modes: initial, normal, maintenance. And I will try to analyze what requirements they impose on the insulation of the floors, the location and arrangement of the stairs.

The initial mode of operation begins from the moment of entry into the house and ends with the arrangement of the second floor. For a faster settlement in the house there is a desire at the first stage to equip only the first floor. Accordingly, it is also soaked only it. And only after insulation and the end of the facade, start equipping and drowning the second floor. After that, the usual mode of operation begins. It needs to be taken into account that warm air and carbon dioxide rise up. And if the staircase between the floors is not isolated from the first floor room, it will always be hot and stuffy on the second floor, and in the first cold. Finally, the maintenance mode becomes interesting in those periods when few people live in the house. You will not notice how children grow up and will come home only by the departures. Heat the whole house for two people does not make sense. Again, there is a desire to cut off the second floor and heat it only to maintain the minimum temperature. This also makes you think about the location of our bedroom.

Each mode imposes its own requirements for isolation of two floors. The initial mode imposes the most stringent insulation requirements. It requires heat insulation overlap of the first floor, as for external structures. The opening in the overlap for the stairs should be completely overlap. And you still need to heat all the ventilation pipes passing through the second floor. In normal mode, no additional ceiling and pipe insulation is required. It is only necessary to isolate the first and second floor airrooms, so that warm air does not leave from the first floor to the second through the opening of the stairs. In the maintenance mode, the additional warming of overlapping will be useful and the possibility of overlapping the staircase with minimal efforts to overlap the ladder so that the second floor does not hang first.

Next, I want to analyze the possible accommodation options for stairs, their pros and cons. The placement of the stairs in the airspace of the living room is unequivocally suitable. Possible options for the location of the stairs in the hallway, the vestibule or in a separate staircase.

You can position the staircase in the hallway. In this case, it will be better if there will be doors between the hallway and all the premises of the first floor. You also need to think and take into account the air flow through the doors thanks exhaust ventilation In the toilet, kitchen ... Accommodation in the hallway seems most comfortable for the passage from the living room and kitchen to the second floor.

You can place the staircase in Tambour. Air insulation floors will be better than when locating in the hallway. However, the staircase will be in a semi-cold room. The second floor will be fastened faster, in contact with the Tambour. The passage from the living room to the second floor through a tambour may not be very comfortable. But from the street the passage will be faster. It will also be necessary to disseminate the paths of walking in the Tambour: in the shoes from the street and without shoes from the first to the second floor. Most likely it will be necessary to take place in the tambour, it may not be very nice. To make the legs do not frills in the tambour need it will be a warm floor. The placement of the stairs in Tambour makes two floors more independent of each other, up to the possibility of using two families. But when using one family, it may be less convenient.

The staircase can be placed in an isolated staircase. That is, the entrance and exit to the staircase both on the first and second floor will block the door. In this case, the isolation of the two floors will be the best, but the ease of use and the effect of the stairs may suffer. To improve convenience, it is necessary to make the doors on the staircase can be constantly open on both floors when there is no need for their insulation. To increase the efficiency of the wall of the staircase, must be insulated as external structures.

The entrance to the staircase can be organized both from the tambura and from the hallway. With a staircase, some minuses of both options disappear. In case of entry into the staircase from the hallway, it is no longer necessary to make closing doors from the hallway to other premises. When the entrance to the staircase in the Tambur is also solved the problem with the second floor of the second floor. The rest of the pros and cons of the accommodation of the entrance from the hallway and the tambura remain the same as for the open staircase.

So, the placement of the staircase allows you to very effectively isolate two floors not only in normal mode, but also on the initial mode and in the maintenance mode. True, a beautiful decorative element decorating the house disappears from the house, and "entrance" appears. It is necessary to think very and very much to make it use comfortable and enjoyable.

Ladder opening is a hole in the overlap, designed to install the staircase. In the process of manufacturing the opening, the segment of the flooring is removed, the beams are cut and removed part of the ceiling. This article discusses in detail that it represents a staircase: its device and the correct calculation of the dimensions.

Features

The opening for the stairs to the second floor must necessarily provide for the availability of a free platform below. Its length should be at least a meter, and in the case when several doors are located on the site, it is much more, because it will provide the possibility of simultaneously opening the doors and a safe lift of the person upstairs, will exclude a sudden collision.

There are cases of overlapping opening in small attic rooms. Here the design of the folding type is used complete with a hatch closing the entrance to the attic.

The width of the staircase is determined by the march width. For single-end design, the width of the hole is equal to the width of the march, taking into account the gaps for filling the fencing. For a two-hours configuration, a double march width is applied. The length of the opening is calculated depending on the staircase slope. It is customary to take into account the distance of 2 meters from each stage to the overlap, and where this distance becomes less and the hole should begin, the length of the opening is less than the march length about the meter.

The hole in the overlap for the usual staircase make a rectangular shape, and for the screw - round. It must be constructed with the average human height.

Rising upstairs should not, standing on any stage, touch the head of the ceiling. Golden Rule Builders: the greater the ladder, the comfortable staircaseAnd the less, the more risky operation. It is also necessary to properly strengthen the opening itself so that the flooring of the top tier is not collapsed in the future.

Views

Depending on the type of stairs itself, the presence of free space and design solutions Lift to the second floor may have different constructive execution. The following varieties of staircases are found:

  • Round opening. Wins outwardly with its accuracy and very gracefully fits into any interior. It is suitable for screw stairs, but it is important here that the upper steps come directly under the circumference itself.
  • Rectangular option - This is a classic design for the average private houses. It is the easiest in design and subsequent finish. The length of the opening in this case directly depends on the size and design of the staircase march.
  • Semicircular or oval The opening can be used for coil stairs, in particular, spirals with different revs.
  • Non-standard It is considered the opening of all sorts of forms from the trapezion to the polygon. This is not a forced measure, but more often the owner's desire to get a unique interior or simply flight of fancy designers - decorators. Transform such unusual designer idea It is very difficult, but the result can exceed all the expectations.

Dimensions

With a direct type of device, the angle of inclination is less than that of the swivel. The dimensions of the opening depend on the type of stairs: the direct staircase is necessary for the opening more than the screw or folding. After the sizes of the opening are defined, it is added 5 cm on each side - this is done for subsequent convenience when finishing the site after installing the stairs.

The staircase opening is calculated based on parameters such as:

  • design model;
  • height of the required lift;
  • area;
  • tilt angle;
  • number of steps.

When calculating the area for the construction of a staircase, the layout of the lower and upper tiers takes into account the layout. In advance, determine the platform for the installation of steps and the boundaries are planned for the device.

To determine required amount Length and widths needed to arrange access to the next floor, a number of calculations are required. Directly staircase is predicted: its slope is determined, the number of steps and configuration of the model.

The standard set of indicators is also calculated:

  • the length of the stairs;
  • ladder width;
  • span height;
  • shredding depth;
  • the height of the riser.

The gap between the level of clean floor of the two floors acts as height. When determining the number of vertical parts of the stage, it is necessary to consider the recommended value of the parameter of their height, which varies from 15 to 18 cm. Deviations are allowed to 12 or 20 cm. When determining the number of steps, the result must be rounded. The number of steps will be the private from dividing the total height of the approach.

With an increase in the amount, a breakdown is carried out by 2-3 march, which should be separated by smooth and rotary sites.

In the case when the upper floor in the house is represented by an attic or a yield is made in one of the rooms, it is sufficiently open with a width of 0.6-0.7 m, which is an excellent opportunity to save free space. If you need to enter the lounge, combining several rooms, then for convenience and comfort, during operation, the width of the opening is needed at least 0.8 m.

Considering the height of the span and the size of the steps, determine the maximum allowable distance to the overlaps. To do this, use the following algorithm with formulas:

  • Determine the distance from the floor to the upper floors by calculating the difference between the interval between the first floor floor and the floor of the overlap thickness.
  • From the value obtained, each stage is taken alternately.
  • Stop calculations when the result obtained is less than two meters. In this case, the number of treated steps will be under the overlap, and the remaining elements will go beyond the borders of the opening.

To successfully perform the installation of the staircase in the already mounted overlap, it is necessary to increase the angle by increasing the lifting step. In addition, conducting the calculation of the opening under the staircase, you can slightly reduce the size of the sticky. In some variants of modular stairs, the size of the sticky can be up to 16 cm.

It is also necessary to take into account such parameters as:

  • Location of opening opening. When installing, it should be borne in mind that the floor area will be significantly reduced. Most suitable option The location of the design parallel to beams is considered. The opening is located near the wall, so the beams are fixed with one end to the wall.
  • Design width. If the lifting of the stairs implies an output into one room, then an acceptable width of at least 0.6 m. If there are several different roomsThe width of the opening should increase.
  • The length of the staircase. The distance between the beam in the ceiling openings and stairs should be at least two meters.

When designing, it is important to take into account the following indicators:

  • geometric shape and size of opening;
  • the height of the room;
  • the thickness of the inter-storey overlap;
  • maximum permissible dimensions of the future design;
  • tilt of the staircase;
  • depth of the steps created;
  • method of fastening fences.

Taking into account that the optimal parameter of the step depth reaches 28-32 cm, the accurate calculation will be required. According to regulatory documents The sum of the height (H) and the depths (b) of the steps in the plan, equal to 47 cm. The shredder depth is determined by the formula:

b \u003d 47 - h.

Considering the minimum regulatory height of the passage of two meters and the march width of at least 0.6 m, the opening should be about 2 × 2.5m. With such sizes, you can provide the most favorable angle of inclination, which ranges from 30 to 45 degrees.

Device

The manufacture of the opening under the staircase should be started with the calculation of its area and type. The design may be curvilinear type or marching. Marshov is considered a direct option with or without playments. The curvilinear configuration is possible in a swivel and screw execution.

When choosing the sizes of the structure, it is necessary:

  • take into account the layout of the floors;
  • determine the platform for installation of the stairs;
  • note the borders of the future opening.

For the manufacture of opening, the following works must be carried out:

  • Create a project, taking into account all the dimensions and types of design. Take into account the material for the cowra or the taisle, the angle of lifting. Calculate the number of ordinary balasine and the size of the rail.
  • Calculate the raising stage.
  • Remove the contour coating on the floor and the ceiling in size corresponding to the future hole. Remains of materials can be useful during the subsequent decoration of the structure.
  • Remove parts of beams, and then combine them with the other blind elements. To enhance the designs, transverse bars are added with a cross section, like the main beams. The design is attached with metal corners along the length of the side of the staircase.

  • Fix the amplifying beams on each side of the future hole.
  • Install the support beams on the jack racks at a distance of at least 50 cm from the amplifier.
  • Make holes in each of the corners of the paid plan for transverse beams.
  • Put the vertical part of the steps. Place the outer and outer part of the cowear of the second segment of the wooden device.
  • Fix the edge of the transverse beam and the drank part and connect the longitudinal beams with brackets, securing them at the joints.

Measurement must be carefully carried out carefully and leave a place for all the necessary gaps, which then need to close. The framing can be done to your liking.

Process B. reinforced concrete overlap. Device opening B. concrete Plate It has a number of features. The place under it should be prepared in advance - in the process of building the very floor. It is important to take into account the limitations of vibration effects, the excess of which can lead to cracks. For the manufacture of the opening, the support beams will be needed in the form of the guards or cososov, the support pillars are placed for screw structures, steps and railing with balasines and handrails.

It is necessary to carry out the following technological operations:

  • Set parallel slabs overlap steel beams.
  • Elements to weld in the frame with a support on the wall of the house.
  • Reinforce the plots, which then pour concrete.
  • Make on the floor shield for nose formwork. With the help of ropes, lift it up and attach to the beams of formwork.
  • Make wire loops and throw them on the beams.
  • Formwork shield attach to adjacent overlap plates by twisting wire.
  • Shield cover with polyethylene to avoid the solution to enter the solution.
  • Pour a concrete or bitumen mixture, wire twists must remain inside.

Good evening. Please tell me ... You deliver a two-story house in the country. Arriving in the winter for a few hours there is no time to trample the whole house. How best to make a valve on the stairs so that warm air does not go upstairs? Your option? Thanks in advance.

Alexander, Tver.

Hi, Alexander from Tver!

Long time in your city, did not happen, although with excursion targets wandered over him, strangged the problems at the Polytechnic Institute (or what is it now called?) And in the military registration and enlistment office of the Proletarian district.

Sorry for nostalgia, there must be senile.

So, essentially your question.

For rapid heating of the first floor of gardening houses, in my opinion, the most effective is the use of a heat gun with a capacity of about 3 kW. I arrived, cut, in a small room in an hour it is quite comfortable. True and electricity consumption may be decent.

But cut off the premises of the second floor at the same time it is necessary immediately. In the presence of furnace heating and firewood, the problem of heat even in the absence of electricity is becoming easier, but slower. While natopysk, it can go through the hour and the other, or even more.

We with our team solve the problem of isolation of the first floor from the second in several ways.

The first, the simplest - with all sorts of curtains from dense and thick curtains, blankets or cotton mats. They are hung in an inter-storey opening, if it is, of course, perhaps.

And if this problem is to solve stationary, then depending on constructive features, Make either hatch with insulation, which overlap the passage between the floors, or the similarity of the tambour. That is, the rooms between the floors. What is necessary for the presence of one, or then two doors.

For example, the most common option when the staircase is leading a staircase single-hour or two-hours, with an intermediate or turntable. Most customers initially make such ladders completely open. You go from the lower steps and rising in the opening of the ceiling. Accordingly, the installation of the door (for winter option With separate heating) does not give anything, since at least one side of the stairs is fully open.

Therefore, it is necessary to close one side of the staircase from the floor of the first floor and to the ceiling by the vertical wall. / The second side usually goes along the corner of the house and closed. / Most often the wall is a frame-covered frame. In some cases, the trim frame wall It may be the same clapboard on both sides, with the insulation insulator. Instead of lining, you can use Faneru (but in no case is it not organic! It is great.

Under the door, they leave the opening, into which then the standard purchased door with a height of the panel two meters is placed and a width of 0.6 to 0.9 meters. The door can be covered with dermantine with insulation, have at the bottom of the bridges. But more often it is not trimming and does not have a clamor, but simply on the floor in front of it put a rug to close the slot so that cold air is not walking.

At an option with two doors, the second door is installed on the second floor (in the attic), there is also a vertical wall of the frame and lining.

Since the useful space in our homes is a bit, then the lower and the top doors open in the opposite sides of the stairs.

It should be said that not always such an additional walls of the improvised staircase tambour fit properly in the interior of the house, but there is something one, or heat, or not a very presentable look. However, designers can recommend an acceptable option (albeit for an unacceptable amount).

Everything. Maybe someone will advise and that more delirious.

Other questions on the topic of wooden stairs.

If the dwelling has several floors, then it will certainly need to equip the staircase on the second floor.This part of the interior is mandatory element Designs. A similar unit has a significant amount.

Its dimensions are determined even at the design stage of the construction in such a way that the dead zone is under the march would have minimal dimensions.

An equally important topic remains the choice of the decor of the staircase, the style decision of the ladder itself. The span must visually combine different parts of the construction.

Design device and design

To date, the potential buyer offers a large range of designs for the vertical movement, which are equipped with public and private homes. However, with all the variety of compositions, there are not very many differences. Most structures possess the same elements:

  1. The most staircase design. Splips are straight, screw. There are versions in which intermediate or swivels are available. Sometimes spans are equipped with running steps. Also, steps are fixed in different ways. As the basis for fastening, the guards, boosters, hospitals, central support pillars, modular structures can act.
  2. Fences. Such segments ensure the safety of a person walking along the stairs. With them, it is protected from falls, relies on them while lifting. Fences perform decorative function and are fences for sites. The design of fences must be correlated with the aesthetics of the railing themselves. The platforms are always equipped with higher fences. Fences for marches are made at least 90 cm, but Parapets on sites are equipped for several dozen centimeters more.
  3. Staircases. So called holes in inter-cost floors. In most cases, they remain closed. There are options where staircases are small anchored stairs Closed with folding stripes of hatches. This is done in order to weaken the convective flow streams that flow through the opening from the floor to the floor. With the closure of staircases, the emerging drafts stop. In this design, the input can be closed by a regular door.

Designer diversity

Experience shows: stairways do not differ much variety. Most often, the holes in the ceilings are made rectangular under ordinary stairs or round under the screw spars. Sometimes fan models are found.

Usually B. wooden house The dimensions of the outlook for the stairs are caused by a march width. If it is supposed to establish a single-sized design, then the opening is calculated in this way: the gaps needed to fasten the fencing are added to the width of the staircase. In the case of a two-wing version, all obtained measurements are multiplied by 2. The length of the holes is determined by the slope of the staircase march. It is required that a person standing on any step with an average growth would not hit his head into the ceiling.

To calculate the constant, a two-meter distance is taken, separating any step and ceiling of the first floor. Where the distance begins to shrink, the hole should begin. As a rule, this is the third or fourth stage. The output of the staircase on the second floor must be equipped with a free platform (approximately meter length). If there are doors at the top level, the project is built with such dimensions so that the opened doors do not interfere with the passage, and the person who is in the room of the second floor did not hit the door of who rises.

As the experience testifies, the question of the design of the staircase should not be called extremely relevant, since the visible part of the cover of the overlap interests few people. The angular staircase adjacent to the wall becomes the segment of a single staircase. If the opening is done in the center of the room, then the visible part of the cover of the overlap is plastered, and then stained in shades window slopes. When wooden overlap Hole is recommended to sew wood.

Registration of stair cells

In comparison with the design of the staircase, the overall style solution of the staircase seems much more relevant theme. All the difficulty of this question is that the staircase is a spatial structure connecting the lower level with the top. Most often it is descent from the "private" zone in the "public" part. In other words, this way can go from the bedroom to the living room. And although the premises can radically differ in the design, the staircase decor must correlate with the design of both. The option is very good when the total wall is becoming a species background for two levels. Then the simpleness is stylized more accented. Pretty creative looks wall decorative brickswhich hosts a collection of paintings.

It is also necessary to solve the problem of lighting. Optimally, when the staircase is filled with a comfortable light of stylish chandeliers located in the intermarshev space. So you can create a single composition.

There are options in which the "dead zone" is built (space under the staircase) located on the first floor. In most cases, this is perfect place To place the pantry, where the necessary economic utensils are stored, which is always left at hand.

Instead of imprisonment

If there are several floors in the house, then the levels will have to connect the staircase. It is very important that the stairways in private dwelling are decorated in such a way that a single designer ensemble is created.

The video describes the nuances of the manufacture of opening under the stairs.

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