Polymer concrete technologies. PolymerBeton: key properties of material, production and processing technology, regulatory documents

Price rub / kg depending on quantity. Taking into account VAT and Tara.

Packing: P / n Canisters 5kg, 10kg, 30kg.

The warranty period of storage in the manufacturer's container is 12 months.

Store and transport at a temperature of + 5 ° to + 25 ° C.

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Buy polymer additive for concrete

Based on polymer additive for concrete elastobetone-b It is made of superpoca polymer concrete.
Strength: on dolomite crushed room - M600-M800; On granite crushed it - M800-M1000 or more.

Commissioning for 5-6 days.

Polymer additives in concrete Elastobetone-B is supplied in a liquid form.
Entered in the manufacture of concrete, at the rate of 20 kg supplements per 100 kg cement.

The thickness of the polymer cement floor Elastobeton-b:
For moderate loads - 20mm, for significant loads - 30mm, the minimum thickness is 15 mm.

Unlike magnesian concrete, polymer concrete has complete resistance to water.

Polymer concrete

Other names: cement-polymer concrete, cement polymer concrete.

As already mentioned above, polymer cement floors based on additives for concrete elastobetone-b, 20-50% cheaper than magnesian floors. But this is a direct calculation - that is, they took polymer-cement concrete - counted the price of the components; Similarly - for magnesia concrete.
But besides this exists whole line Factors that influence the final price of polymer concrete and magnesian concrete. Below are the main of these factors.

1. Transportation.
Transportation of components of concrete is very much reflected at its final cost.
If transportation costs make up only 1rub / kg, then delivery basic components Magnesian concrete, which make up about 23% of the total mass, will give rise to the cost of 1 m³ of concrete by 500 rubles! For the delivery price 5 rubles / kg, it is already 2500 rubles / m³!

If you transport all the components of the magnesia floors, then at the price of delivery 1 rub / kg - the rise in prices is 2200 rubles / m³.
At the price of delivery 5 rubles / kg - Magnesia floors will become more expensive for 11,000 rubles / m³!

Elastobetone-B concrete additive is about 3.5% of the mass of concrete, the remaining components you purchase in place. Accordingly, the transportation of a polymer additive for concrete even for long distances is practically not reflected in the price of polymer cement concrete.

Savings are obvious.

2. Storage.
The components of the magnesia concrete (in particular, magnesia - magnesium oxide) are very sensitive to storage conditions and transportation. Penetration, moisture entering the components significantly reduces the final strength of the magnesia concrete. As a result, you will get magnesian floors with the M200-M300 varying strength, instead of M400-M600.

There are no such problems with polymer concrete, since all the components, the feed additive, you buy in place and can always control their quality.

3. The cost of fillers.
The cost of concrete with the addition of "elastobetone-b" depends on the sand size module (MKR), a bulk density of sand and bulk density of rubble. The higher the MKR and the above density of sand and rubble, the smaller the cement and additives for concrete in relation to the sand and rubble. Accordingly, the cheaper the polymer concrete concrete.

Savings can be up to 2000 rubles. on 1m³ polymer concrete concrete.

4. Corrosion of equipment.
Magnesian concrete will include a bishofite component, which causes reinforced corrosion of both steel and aluminum surfaces of the equipment. Equipment (concrete mixers, vibrorekes, helicopters, etc.) must be constantly rinsed. But even with careful care, the life of the equipment is reduced several times, which result is reflected in the price of magnesia floors!

The polymer additive for concrete Elastobeton-B does not have a corrosion exposure to metal surfaces.

Savings are obvious.

Polymer additive for concrete - properties, advantages

Elacor "Elastobeton-B"- Complex modifying polymer additive for concrete (portland cement concrete).
Cement M500D0 brand is recommended for use. If you want to apply other cements, we recommend first checking them for compatibility with the additive (see Additive Application Technology). The fact is that some fillers that are entered in the manufacture of cement can "conflict" with the additive.

To perform colored polymer-cement floors, you can add a pigment yourself directly when the concrete is kneaded or ordering the supplement of the desired color.
Color polymer cement floors can be performed on gray cement, but if the "clean" color is required, then it is necessary to use white cement.

Properties of polymer cement floors with additive for concrete "Elastobeton-b".

Operation in rooms and outdoors.
Thickness from 15 to 50mm. The recommended thickness is 20-30 mm depending on the loads.
The coating strength is: on the dolomite filler - M600-M800. On the granite filler - M800-M1000 or more.
Extremely high wear resistance (less than 0.2 g / cm²).
High impact strength (10-20 kg m, depending on the thickness).
Bending strength is at least 12 MPa.
Full damage (after polishing).
Parry permeable coating.
Antistatic coating: Specific voluminous electrical resistance - no more than 10 7 ohms;
Specific surface electrical resistance - no more than 10 9 Ohm m (test voltage 100V).
Chemical resistance to water, fuel, saline solutions, detergent etc.
Coating non-combustible (combustible group - ng).
Magnificent appearance, the possibility of combining several colors, various fillers, etc.
Easy cleaning, the possibility of applying any detergents.

Polymer-cement floors are advantages.

It allows you to refuse to perform leveling screeds, followed by applying protective polymer impregnation and coatings or dry hardening compositions (topping). It turns out a coating with higher decorative and strength qualities and significantly less cost.
Combines the advantages of latex-cement concrete and polyvinilacetate cement concrete - water resistance and oil resistance.
Fully corresponds to SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors".
Strength like Topping and above, but not only in top layer 2-2.5mm, but throughout the thickness.
Unlike magnesian concrete, magnesian floors - complete resistance to water.
When abrasion (wear), the polymer cement floor does not change the appearance, does not lose strength and chemicality.
When operating is polished.
Does not require reinforcement.
Short technological cycle of work (6-8 days).
Start of operation - the day after the end of the work.
Polymer concrete is cheaper than any finish coatings of similar thickness.

Polymer-cement floors are applied at objects.

The use of concrete made of cement is limited. Polymer binder that defines such properties of products from polymerBeton As, for example, chemical resistance and vibration resistance allow you to apply polymerbeton and designs out polymerBeton where traditional concrete will collapse

Polymerbeton It is manufactured as follows: with a binder (polyester resin), sand, limestone, talc, crushed waste production of composite materials, such as fiberglass, etc. are mixed with a binding (polyester resin). Mountain fillers in the polymer concrete - rubble size up to 50 mm and sand with grain size of up to 5 mm. In order to reduce consumptionbinder and the cost of products, as well as to regulate their properties in the polymer concrete, shall be introduced withparticle size is less than 0.15 mm (barry, quartz, andesitic flour, etc.). The composition of the polymer concave may also be Powered by Surfactant, flames, dyes, etc.
With a high degree of filling (70 - 80%), low-cost products with high physical and mechanical characteristics are obtained. Filler, such as sand, gives products durability, resistance to abrasive loads, but greatly increases their mass. In the manufacture of such products it is necessary to choose a resin with reduced viscosity. Production parameters should be such that the filler is evenly distributed over the volume of the product, did not precipitate due to the difference in the density of the filler and resin. The mixture is also necessary to prevent the formation of cavities inside the product, which can lead to a decrease in strength. The disadvantage of polymer concrete products is an inesttic appearance, it makes it impossible to use these products as decorative elements when designing rooms, etc.

PolymerBetone use:

Facing panels;

Foundations for industrial equipment;

Noise absorbing structures;

Steering edges and wave;

Water tanks;

Drainage designs;

Road borders and fences;

Railway sleepers;

Stairs;

Restoration and protection of existing concrete structures;

Capacities and tanks for chemically active substances;

Drainage sewage chemical enterprises.

Drainage pipes are one of the directions of production of PBT, polymer concrete technologies, which is located in St. Petersburg and produces materials such as: drainage pipes, drainage, sewer pipes, fittings for drainage pipes, drainage wells (including and covers for drainage wells), drainage trays, water pipes (PND pipes), corrugated cable channels, shaft pipes and much more, in particular polymerpessic products, namely polymerpess tile, polymer hatch, polymerpess tile and drainage trays (polymerpess trays).

Ready to offer you the most favorable terms of cooperation! We are confident in the quality of our products and give the best prices for drainage pipes and drainage systems, as well as on the tap pipes (PND pipes) and polymerpess (polymer tile, polymer-tile, drainage tray).

Drainage pipes are polyethylene, concrete, or any other pipes that collect (or depending on the destination) water from the soil.

Drainage 63, 110, 160, 200 mm can be bought in bulk and spike.

Drainage pipes with geotextiles perfectly protect the entire drainage system from entering it unwanted soil, the material of geotextile-dronite delays the most smallest piece of soil and perfectly passes water.

Drainage wells are provided for cleaning the drainage system, for example, drainage wells are washed with water under strong pressure, which flushes all unwanted soil from drainage pipes.

Fittings for drainage pipes and various adapters are made of high-strength material, to securely connect drainage pipes with each other. Capable to withstand both high temperatures and low.

Drainage trays are invented for leading water surplus to special tanks, PBT offers you drainage trays at a special price! And the quality of drainage trays will make you become our regular customer! The drainage tray is made of polymer-sand materials, which make up the basis for its durability.

PND pipes (polyethylene pipes) are pipes made of low pressure polyethylene. Made for pipelines transporting water (as well as for drinking and economic water supply) and any other liquid and gaseous substances. PND pipes confidently displaced steel and concrete pipes, having several advantages, such as - significantly low cost, excellent performance, fast and easy-to-install pipes, allowing you to use trenchless technologies.

Drainage pipes, PND pipes, plastic pipes, PE pipes, water pipes (water pipes), sewer pipes, gas pipes (gas pipes), pressure pipes, shaft pipes, as well as everything for drainage and drainage systems (drainage wells, rain-seekers, covers for drainage wells, covers for rain-seekers) You can buy at the company PBT at the best prices in St. Petersburg.

The polymer tile is withstanding both cold with a thick layer of snow and the sultry heat under the scorching sun, due to the special proportions of the mixture of sand and polymer. Polymerpess tile looks great and pleases his external species. In addition, for wholesale buyers, we have a special price for all polymercess products.

www.p-b-t.ru.

Polymer concrete: composition, species, features, application technology and reviews

Polymeric concretes are a special construction materialThis is used as a binder element, as well as to replace lime cements. In some cases, the polymer is used as an addition to portland cement. It is a universal durable composite resulting by mixing various mineral fillers with synthetic or natural knitting agents. This advanced technical material It is used in many industries, but the most common in the construction sector.

Views

There are three types of polymer concrete in construction. Next, we consider it more. Consider their manufacturing technology, scope and compositions to have a general idea of \u200b\u200bpolymer concrete and modifications.

Polymer compounds for concrete (concrete modified by polymers)

This type of concrete is made of portland cement material with a modified polymer, such as acrylic, polyvinyl acetate and ethylenevinyl acetate. It has good adhesion, high bending strength and low permeability.

Acrylic polymer modified concrete is characterized by resistant color, which is why it is in great demand among builders and architects. Its chemical modification is similar to the traditional cement variation. The amount of polymer is usually from 10 to 20%. Concrete modified in this way has a lower degree of permeability and higher density than pure cement. However, its structural integrity depends substantially on the portland cement binder.

Concrete degradation can take longer if it has a high density and a smaller surface area. The relative improvement in the chemical resistance of the polymer-modified material to portland cement is possible in the acidic environment.

Polymer-soaked concrete

The polymer impregnation for concrete is usually made by introducing a low density monomer to a hydrated portland cement, followed by radiation or thermal catalytic polymerization. The modular elasticity of this type of concrete is 50-100% higher than that of the usual one.

However, the polymer module is 10% more than that of a normal concrete. Thanks to these excellent characteristics, among many options for using polymer building material, it is possible to separately mark production:

deck;
bridges;
pipes;
floor tiles;
construction laminate.

The technology of the implementation process involves drying concrete to remove moisture from its surface, the use of monomers in a thin layer of sand, and then polymerization of monomers using heat flux. Hence, concrete surfaces Have lower water permeability, absorption, abrasion resistance and, as a rule, high strength. Also, to increase wear resistance, resistance to cold and moisture, polymer varnishes for concrete, bricks, stone, floors, etc. are used.

Polymerbeton

There has nothing to do with the usual portland cement. It is formed by a combination of stones with a polymer binder material that does not contain water. Polystyrene, acrylic and epoxy resins are monomers that are widely used in the manufacture of this type of concrete. Seres is also considered as a polymer. Seroccetone is used for buildings requiring high resistance to acidic medium. Thermoplastic polymers, but most often thermosetting resins, are used as the main polymer component due to their high thermal stability and resistance to a wide range of chemicals.

Polymer concrete It consists of aggregates that include silicon dioxide, quartz, granite, limestone and other high-quality materials. The unit should be of good quality, without dust, garbage and excessive moisture. Failure to comply with these criteria can reduce the strength of the connection between the polymer binder and the aggregate.

Features of polymer concretees

Modern building material differs from its predecessors. It has the following characteristics:

High resistance to chemical and biological environments.
Compared to cement-concrete products, it has a smaller mass.
Excellent absorbs noise and vibration.
Good weatheredness and resistance to ultraviolet.
Water absorption.
It can be cut with drills and grinding machines.
It can be processed as rubble or ground for use as a base of the road.
Approximately 4 times stronger than cement concrete.
Good thermal insulation properties and stability.
Ultra-grade finish, which contributes to an effective hydraulic stream.

Using

Polymerball can be used for new construction or repair of old material. Its adhesive properties allow you to restore both polymer and conventional cement-based concrete. Low permeability and corrosion resistance allow it to be used in swimming pools, sewage systems, drainage channels, electrolytic cells and other structures containing liquids or aggressive chemicals. It is suitable for the construction and restoration of wells, due to the ability to withstand toxic and corrosive sewer gases and bacteria, usually found in plumbing systems.

Unlike traditional concrete structures, it does not require coating or welding protected PVC seams. You can see the use of polymer concrete on the streets of the city. It is used in the construction of barriers on the road, sidewalks, drainage canvas., fountains. Also on the street, the polymer coating for concrete is added to the asphalt during the construction of open areas, take-off strips and other objects that are open-air and are constantly subjected to external atmospheric influences.

Reviews

The polymer concrete was not widely accepted due to the high costs and difficulties associated with traditional production technologies. However, recent progress led to a significant cost reduction, which means that its use is gradually becoming more and more common. Despite all its advantages over ordinary concrete, there are opinions on hidden negative environmental factors, which often occur as a result of the wrong production, the use of low-quality components and violations of proportions.

Also, the technology of production of polymer concrete has many nuances and secrets that no one seeks to disclose. And of course, as noted by feedback, the market price of polymerbetone is quite high. This is due to the difficulties of its production and expensive components that are used to create it.

fB.ru.

Polymerbeton manufacturing technologies and production of products from it

Polymer concrete (otherwise, injection stone) - the material that combined the strength and beauty natural stone from affordable price (Thanks to cheap mineral additives) and ease of manufacture. The possibility of using almost any aggregate (sand, granite and marble crumb, glass and many others) guarantees a variety of polymer concrete products. And the presence of a polymer binder makes them durable, resistant to frost, water and overheating.

Let's consider the typical technological processes of the manufacture of polymer concrete, as well as the possibility of its creation with their own hands.

Polymerbeton manufacturing technology

What will required?

For product requires:

The filler is enough large fraction (Sand, crushed stone, crushed glass).
Folder of a thinner grinder, which reducing the cost of the material. This is a powder from graphite, quartz or Andesita.
The binder - it will be needed about 5 percent. In this capacity, one of the polymer resins is used. For example, polyester (unsaturated), carbamide formaldehyde, furan, epoxy.
Hardeners, plasticizers, special modifying additives, dyes.
Lubrication for the separation of forms and gelcoat for outdoor coating.

Methods of production

The production process can occur in periodic or continuous technology.

In the first case, the capacitance used for the manufacture of material must be laundered after each completed cycle. But to make Polymerbeton is possible in the usual bucket or concrete mixer.
Continuous technology is used mainly on large industries. At the same time, work is minimally, organizing a single chain, special molding machines, dispensers and automatic mixers.

The following video tells about the manufacture and spraying of lightweight polymerbetone:

For the manufacture of injection molding, it will take a form that is well-covered with a special separation lubricant (otherwise the finished product will be impossible to remove). The form can be made of silicone, fiberglass, metal, or even chipboard ( a budget option).

A layer of gelkuta of the desired color is applied to the separation paste.
The composite mixture is laid inside the form, consisting of the above ingredients, pre-mixed in the concrete mixer. In large industries, where the volumes are very solid, the mixture is laid into a form with a concrete-layer. If the products are small, and the technological process is periodic, then this is done manually.
Now it is necessary that the mixed mixture is exposed to vibration (vibration). The time of this procedure is about two minutes. At the factory, there is a resonant vibrationboard, in a small production - vibrationtol.

In terms of production at the plant for the manufacture of polymer concrete, if necessary, thermal processing is carried out for faster solidification of parts. In other cases, they are waiting for the natural completion of this process.

About machines, forms and other equipment for the production of products from PolymerBeton Let's later.

Necessary equipment

Features of choice and costs

Those who dream of swinging continuous technology and solid volumes by organizing a large industrial production, Special conveyor equipment will be required. Which will include automata for dosage, mixing, casting, finishing, as well as a mechanized warehouse.

All this will cost a round sum that makes up several million dollars. If you limit ourselves to the brand equipment "turnkey", then the costs will be significantly less - from 30 to 50 thousand dollars.

But still it does not always have the opportunity to find money for the purchase, especially in our difficult time. However, you can do even less costs. If you buy all the necessary cars and other things separately. And something and independently make it possible. Next - more about this option.

List of equipment and devices

So, here is a list of techniques and devices, without which you can not do:

Vibrotol - ready to cost about 27 thousand rubles. If you want to save, weld the table yourself using a two-millimeter metal corners (60s). To the table weld the vibrator of industrial type - ready.
A mixer that connects into a homogeneous mixture all components. If you buy a vacuum powerful device of European quality, you will have to lay out about 10 thousand dollars. But you can use the domestic concrete mixer or construction mixer. It will be released much cheaper - the cost depends on the volume and power. Even cheaper - make the mixer from the iron barrel and electric drive with the gearbox.
You will also need a compressor system with a pistol. Without it, it will not work exactly the gelkout. Pistol costs from 50 to 100 dollars. Compressors can be taken by automotive - two pieces from zila will be enough. They are connected in parallel and fasten to metal sites mounted on a strong frame.
Forms from fiberglass or silicone on a wide sale are not yet common. They can be ordered under specific products (for example, window sills) in a specialized company. Or produce forms yourself, starting with a cheaper material - chipboard with lamination.
In mandatory, the exhaust will be needed - at the stage of casting, production is distinguished by harmful evaporation. Accordingly, we will purchase individual protection: gloves, respirators.
For finishing work We will need electrical instruments: grinding and polishing machine. And another drill, jigsaw, Bulgarian, milling bag (as needed).

About emissions to the atmosphere from the production of polymerbetone, we will further describe.

About another method of manufacturing PolymerBeton will also tell this video:

As mentioned slightly higher, during casting, the release of harmful components is present.

In particular, it is styrene, which is contained in the resins used as a binder. As soon as we open a hermetically closed container with such a resin, the evaporation of a poisonous gas begins.
In addition, the hardener is also extremely dangerous (as a rule, it is methyl economketon peroxide). However, it is not a flying and requires only the protection of hands with rubber gloves.

These facts force the polymer manufacturers to carefully equip the injection molded room, making it hermetic, installing a powerful hood over the table, not forgetting about its own protection (respirator). And if all these measures are met, and the air exhausting is cleaned, then there will be no emissions into the atmosphere (after all, the room is hermetic).

About how myself (with your own hands) make an elastic polymer concrete, read below.

Creating your own hands

And now we will talk about how to make small products from the fashion casting stone yourself, spending the minimum of funds. For example, it can be pots for flowers, countertops, window sills (especially popular, since they are warmer marble or granite).

Selecting the room and its arrangement

First you need to think about the room - you will need 80 square-old meters. Preferably somewhere on the sewing the appropriate house to look after. And 12. square meters Immediately it will be necessary to burn for the injection room, and you will have to try to maximize all the cracks. To styrene not flowed.

In the center of this room, make the table on the frame from iron corners, covering it with a worktop from chipboard. I exhibit its surface at the level - this is important! Over the table I set the hood - metal box with an electric motor.

To be light, brapping on top of a daylight lamp. In the next room we put the same table - for finishing and other works. Here will be placed tool and tanks for drying chalk and sand (metal low box).

Required raw materials

Required raw materials:

River quartz sand (packaged 20 kilograms). It must be dried well.
Salted chalk - it is also sushiving.
Polyester resin - 20 liters in buckets are bought.
Hardener, gelcoat, separation paste.

It will take a clean plastic bucket for stirring, a 450 watt perforator and a building mixer (a perforator is attached to it, welding drill for perforation - we obtain a mixer).
The shape of laminated wood slabs shape, making it collapsible. Separate paste is convenient to apply a brush, rubbing by a caprochy stocking.
Gelkout is diluted with a resin (adding it 10 percent) and apply a flusted brush. We do it twice. Watch that the hairs with the brush do not stick.
Mixing in a pure bucket of resin with a hardener, add 15 percent of the chalk, and then - portions of sand. Mass should be viscous. To remove air bubbles, time from time to time tapping a bucket on the floor.
After readiness, pour the solution into the form. Now we will formulate the surface: two people are taken with their hands for the form (certainly equipped with handles) and, raising, tapping it about the table. The mixture is left (40 minutes) and come out of the moldroom room.
After the frozen to the "rubber" state - you can determine this on a very hot surface and a special sound when tapping - we take out the product from the form (disassembled it) and turn it over the fill side. Let us completely harden, then grind and polish.

Safety measures: weighing the resin, as well as working with it, with a gelkutyt and with a shaped mixture, we work only in the respirator, under the extract. The hardener is added by the syringe, putting rubber gloves.

About how to make with your own hands a polymerbeton with divorces will tell the following video:

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Polymer concrete

With the rare exception, the technology of construction, restoration or repair work Provides use concrete solutions. All these materials are distinguished by a brand, class and some other parameters, such as moisture resistance. And everyone has a common similarity - cement is used as the only binder component in these mixtures. But the modern industry has established the release and other similar building materials, one of which is a polymer concrete.

Its fundamental difference is that special ingredients are added to the familiar sandy-cement mixture - resins. They are gradually introduced during the preparation of the solution. Polymer-based concrete are suitable for finishing surfaces both inside and outside buildings, fill of floors, stairs steps.

Composition and fillers

Fillers and binders are also used to prepare the concrete data. Given the special qualities of polymers, the ratio between the components may vary in the range of 5: 1 to 12: 1.

As in traditional analogues, a fraction of different sizes are present in the composition of the polymer concrete, and in contrast to cement brands, and fine-dispersed. Given that these materials are widely used, including for operation under direct contact with aggressive compounds, substances with increased resistance to chemical influences are used as fillers (for example, quartzite, basalt, tuff).

Binding components:

The cheapest is furana polymers. But the strength, respectively, is low.
More qualitative concrete, which includes polyesters (unsaturated).
SAME best options The materials containing epoxy resins are considered. They combine strength, plasticity, wear resistance. However, the price is high enough.

Manufacture

On the question of how to make a concrete polymer, unambiguous response is not yet. All sources referred to the experimental way to obtain the required composition. It must be achieved that with drying the applied mixture, it formed elastic elastic coating. Much depends on the place of laying, from what result must be achieved. there is general RecommendationThat from the total mass of the solution, polymer additives should be approximately 1/5 part.

Much depends on what kind of concrete class you need to get. Therefore, it will have to vary the percentage ratio of the resin, hardeners. It is necessary to take into account the type of polymer binder, which is decided to use, since each has its own specific properties. Separate sources indicate that the use of epoxy resins involves replacing cement on slags, ashes and liquid glass. In everything else (mixing) the technique is the former.

Distinctive features of polymerbetonov

High water resistance. It makes it possible to significantly simplify the production technology in areas where the structural structures are subjected to intensive effects of liquids. By purchasing a polymer, or natural concrete, you can save significantly on waterproofing and reduce the total work time.
Resistance to aggressive media, low temperatures.
Mechanical strength indicators significantly exceed the similar characteristics of cement-based concrete: to bend - up to 10, compression - up to 3 times.
Small specific gravityWhat significantly increases the range of applications.
The property of elasticity allows it to be used in areas subject to dynamic loads. It can be applied on a plane with any orientation: horizontal, vertical, inclined.
Excellent adhesion, and regardless of the basic material.
Deadlines are less than cement.
The ability to achieve perfect smooth coverage. Polymeric concrete surfaces are easy to maintain.

→ Concrete mixture

Technology made of products from polymer concrete

In accordance with the developed and adopted classification in the composition and method of cooking, P-concrete is divided into three main groups:
- polymer concrete concretes (PCB) - cement concretes with additives of polymers;
- concrete polymers (BP) - cement concrete, impregnated with monomers or oligomers;
- Polymer concrete (PB) - concrete based on polymer binders. Polymer concrete concretes (PCB) are cement
Concrete, in the preparation of which 15-20% is added to the concrete mix, in terms of dry substance, polymer additives in the form of water dispersions or emulsions of various monomers: vinyl acetate, styrene, vinyl chloro and various latexes with KS-30, with X- 50, SKC-65, etc.

Polymer concrete concrete have high adhesion to old concrete, increased air-dry strength, increased water resistance and water resistance. Polymerrators do not contain large rubble in their composition, and polymer mastic contains only mineral flour.

The rational areas of application of such concrete are wear-resistant flooring with dry operating conditions, restoration of concrete structures, repair of aerodrome coatings, masonry solutions et al. In the production of floors in polymer concrete concrete and solutions, the introduction of various dyes is allowed.

Concrete polymers (BP) are cement concrete, the porespace of which are completely or partially filled with a cured polymer. Filling the pore space of cement concrete is carried out by impregnating it with low viscosity polymerizing oligomers, monomers or molten gray. As impregnating oligomers, a polyester resin type of GTN-1 (GOST 27952) is used, less frequently epoxy ED-20 (GOST 10587), as well as Methylme-Tarylate Metylme monomers (GOST 20370) or styrene. As curells of synthetic resins are used: for polyester resin Mon-1-1-hyperiz GP (TU 38-10293-75) and naphthenate cobalt NK (TU 6-05-1075-76); for epoxy ED-20 - polyethylene polyamine PEP (TU 6-02-594-80E); For MMA Tarilate Tarilate - a system consisting of DMA technical dimethylinylin (GOST 2168) and benzoyl peroxide (GOST 14888); For styrene (GOST 10003) - organic peroxide and hydropercycles, or azo compound with cobalbite nafitenate, dimethylaniline. Styrene is also self-measured at elevated temperatures.

The manufacture of bp of products or structures includes the following basic operations: concrete and reinforced concrete products are dried to 1% humidity, placed in a hermetically dense container or autoclave, where they are evacuated, then a monomer or oligomer is poured into the autoclave, it is impregnated, after which the impregnating layer is drained. The polymerization of the monomer or oligomer in the pore space of concrete is produced in the same chamber or autoclave by heating or radiation method with radioactive CO 60. With a thermocatalytic method of curing into monomers or oligomers, hardeners and accelerators are introduced. Depending on the required conditions, the product is impregnated completely or only the surface layer to a depth of 15-20 mm.

The impregnation time of concrete is determined by the overall sizes of the product, the depth of impregnation, the viscosity of the monomer or oligomer. The time of thermocatalytic polymerization at a temperature of 80-100 ° C is from 4 to 6 hours.

The scheme of the plant for the production of concrete polymer products is shown in Fig. 7.4.1.

Concrete and reinforced concrete products that have passed drying in chambers (12) are supplied with a bridge crane (1) to the impregnation tank (10), in which products are vacuuming and the subsequent impregnation. The product is then fed to the polymerization to the container (3), and then the filim-rized products come to the standards for withsturing (14).

Monomers and catalysts are stored in separate containers (7.9). To avoid spontaneous polymerization of components and impregnating mixtures, they are stored in refrigerators (11).

BP possess many positive properties: with the strength of the original concrete (40 MPa), after a complete impregnation of the MMA monomer, the strength rises to 120-140 MPa, and when epoxy resins are impregnated to 180-200 MPa; water absorption in 24 hours is 0.02-0.03%, and frost resistance increases to 500 cycles and above; Resistance to abrasion and chemical resistance to mineral salts, petroleum products and mineral fertilizers increases significantly.

Fig. 7.4.1. Scheme of the plant for the production of concrete polymer products: 1 - cranes; 2 - Reservoir for hot water; 3 - polymerizer; 4 - auxiliary premises; 5 - vacuum pump; 6 - Low pressure steam supply system; 7 - tanks for the catalyst; 8 - compensation tanks; 9 - monomer storage tanks; 10 - reservoir for impregnation; 11 - refrigerators; 12 - Drying chambers; 13 - post control; 14 - Site for Concrete Holding

The rational areas of the use of BP are: chemically and wear-resistant floors of industrial buildings and agricultural premises, pressure pipes; Power lines supports; Pile foundations used in harsh climatic conditions and saline soils, etc.

The main disadvantages of BP include: complex technology of their preparation, requiring special equipment and, as a result, their high cost. Therefore, BP should be applied in construction practice, taking into account their specific properties and economic feasibility.

Polymer concrete (PB) are artificial campanery materials obtained on the basis of synthetic resins, hardeners, chemically resistant aggregates and fillers and other additives without the participation of mineral binders and water. They are intended for use in carrying and undesupply, monolithic and prefabricated chemically resistant building structures and products mainly on industrial enterprises With the presence of various highly aggressive media, the manufacture of large-sized vacuum chambers, radio-transparent, radicallyproof and radiation-resistant structures, for the manufacture of basic parts in the machine- and machine-building industry, etc.

Polymer concrete and aropolymerbetones are classified by the type of polymer binder, medium density, form of reinforcement, chemical resistance and strength characteristics.

The compositions most common in construction, polymer concrete and their basic properties are given in Table. 7.4.1. and 7.4.2.

Polymerrators do not contain rubble, only sand and mineral flour.

Polymer mastic filled with one flour.

For the preparation of polymer concrete, the following synthetic resins are most often used as a binder: Furfourcetone Fa or Fam (TU 59-02-039.07-79); Furano epoxy resin FAED (TU 59-02-039.13-78); unsaturated polyester resin Mon-1 (GOST 27592) or Mon-63 (OST 1438-78 with meas.); methyl methacrylate (monomer) MMA (GOST 20370); Unified carbamide resin KF-G (GOST 1431); As curells of synthetic resins are used: for Furana resins of the Fa or Fam-benzenesulfonic acid BSK (TU 6-14-25-74); for furano-epoxy resin Faed-polyethylene polyamine PEP (TU 6-02-594-80E); for polyester resins of Mon-1 and Mon-63-hyperiz GP (TU 38-10293-75) and nofttenate cobalt NK (TU 6-05-1075-76); For metalecroids, the MMA system consisting of technical dimethylaniline DMA (GOST 2168) and benzoyl peroxide (GOST 14888, with ame.); For carbamide resins KF-zhollyanoxid Anilin (GOST 5822).

Acid-resistant crushed stone or gravel (GOST 8267 and GOST 10260) are used as large agrees. Keramzit, Shungizite and Aglopeoritis are used as large porous aggregates (GOST 9759, 19345 and 11991). The acid resistance of the listed aggregates, determined according to GOST 473.1, should not be lower than 96%.

Quartz sands should be applied as small aggregates (GOST 8736). The use of dropout during crushing chemically resistant rocks with maximum grain size of 2-3 mm is allowed. The acid resistance of small aggregates, as well as rubble, should be no lower than 96%, and the content of dust-like, or clay particles determined by the inconment should not exceed 2%.

Andesitic flour should be applied as fillers to the preparation of polymer flour (stu 107-20-14-64), quartz flour, maritic powder (GOST 8736), graphite powder (GOST 10274 with meas.), It is allowed to use ground agloporith. The specific filler surface must be in the range of 2300-3000 cm2 / g.

As a water binder, a gypsum binder (GOST 125, aimed) or phosphogypsum, which is a waste of phosphoric acid production, is used as a decorating supplement in the preparation of polymer concrete.

Fillers and aggregates should be dry with residual humidity no more than 1%. Not allowed to use fillers contaminated with carbonates, bases and metal dust. The acid resistance of fillers should be no less than 96%.

If necessary, polymer concrete reinforce steel, aluminum or fiberglass reinforcement. Aluminum reinforcement is used mainly for polyerbetones based on polyester resins with preliminary tension.

The materials used should ensure the specified properties of polymer concrete and meet the requirements of the appropriate guests, the TU and the instructions for the preparation of polymer concrete (CH 525-80).

Preparation of polymer concrete mix Includes the following operations: flushing fillers, drying fillers and aggregates, fractionation of aggregates, preparation of hardeners and accelerators, dosing of components and mixing them. Drying of materials is carried out in drying drums, furnaces, thermoshkafah.

The temperature of the fillers and fillers before feeding into the dispensers should be within 20-2 5 ° C.

Resins, hardeners, accelerators and plasticizers are pumped from a warehouse in tank-drives pumps.

The dosing of the components is carried out by weight dispensers with dosing accuracy:
Resins, fillers, hardeners + - 1%,
Sand and crushed stone + -2%.
Stirring components of polymer mixtures are produced in two stages: preparation of mastic, preparation of a polymer mixture.
The preparation of mastic is carried out in a high-speed mixer, with a speed of rotation of the working body of 600-800 rpm, cooking time, taking into account the loading of 2-2.5 min.

Preparation of polymer concrete mixtures are produced in concrete mixers of forced stirring at 15 ° C and higher.

The technological process of molding polymer concrete products consists of the following operations: cleaning and lubrication forms, installation of reinforcement elements, laying polymer mixtures and molding products.

Metal forms lubrication are carried out by special compositions in% by weight: emulsol -55 ... 60; Graphite powder - 35 ... 40; Water -5 ... 10. The use of bitumen solutions in gasoline, silicone lubricants, low molecular weight polyethylene solution in toluene is also allowed.

Concrete pavers are used for laying, sprinkling and burning the mixture. The seal is carried out on vibration models or using hinged vibrators. The sealing of products from polymer concrete to sweat aggregates is carried out with a prune, providing a pressure of 0.005 MPa.

The duration of the vibration is prescribed depending on the stiffness of the mixture, but not less than 2 minutes. A sign of a good sealing of the mixture is the release on the surface of the product of the liquid phase. More efficiently, the sealing of polymer concrete mixtures on low-frequency vibration models with parameters: amplitude 2 - 4 mm and oscillation frequency 250 - 300 per minute.

The set of strength of polymer concrete in vivo (at a temperature not lower than 15 ° C and humidity 60 - 70%) occurs within 28 - 30 days. In order to accelerate the hardening of the structure from the polymer concrete, dry warming during 6 to 18 hours in the chambers with steam registers or aerodynamic furnaces at a temperature of 80 - 100 ° C. In this case, the rate of lifting and decrease in temperature should be no more than 0.5 - 1 ° C per minute.

Typical technological scheme of the factory production of products from polymer concrete is presented on the graph (Fig. 7.4.2).

Fig. 7.4.2. Technological scheme for the production of products from polymer concrete on the stream line. 1 - warehouse of aggregates; 2 - bunkers of rubble and sand; 3 - Drying drums; 4 - dispensers; 5 - concrete mixer; 6 - vibrationboard; 7 - thermo-processing chambers; 8 - post of platforms; 9 - Warehouse of finished products

The preparation of the polymer mixture occurs in two stages: the first prepares a binder, mixing the resin, a micronapplerator, a plasticizer and a hardener, on the second - the ready-made binder with large and small fillers in the concrete mixtures of forced action is stirred. Binders are prepared by mixing of the dispensed microfer, plasticizer, resin and hardener in a continuously operating turbulent mixer. The mixing time of the loaded components is not more than 30 s.

The polymer mixture is prepared by consistent mixing of dry aggregates (sand and rubble), then a binder is served in a continuously working concrete mixer. Mixing time of aggregates (dry mix) 1.5-2 minutes; dry mixture of aggregates with a binder - 2 min; Unloading of the polymer mixture - 0.5 min. Sand and crushed stone are served in a concrete mixer - dispensers. The mixer must be equipped with thermal sensors and an emergency device for supplying water with a sudden accident or in violation of the process when it is necessary to stop the reaction of the polymer structuring. 164.

The polymer concrete mixture is fed into a suspended concrete-layer with a mobile hopper and a burning device that evenly distributes the polymer concrete mixture in the form of a product.

The polymer concise mixture is compacted on the resonant vibrationboard with horizontally directional oscillations. The amplitude of oscillations of 0.4 -0.9 mm horizontally, 0.2-0.4 mm vertically, frequency 2600 count / min. Vibration time 2 min.

Styling and vibration of the mixture are carried out in a closed room equipped with supply-exhaust ventilation. Simultaneously with the molding of polymer concrete structures, the control samples of 100x100x100 mm in size for determining the strength of the polymer concise is compressed. Three control samples are made on each polymer concrete product with a volume of 1.5 - 2.4 m3.

Heat treatment of polymer concrete products. To obtain products with specified properties in a shorter time, they are sent using an outdoor conveyor to a heat treatment chamber. The heat treatment of products is carried out in the furnace of aerodynamic heating, such as dad, providing a uniform temperature distribution throughout the volume.

After heat treatment, the finished products are automatically moved by the conveyor in the technological span, extracted from the form and are sent to the warehouse of finished products. Released shape purified from foreign objects and PolymerBetone residues and prepare for the formation of the next product.

Quality control should be made, starting with the quality of all components, correct dosage, mixing modes, seals and heat treatment.

The main indicators of the quality of the compressed polymer bleat are the temperature of self-heating after molding, the rate of increase in concrete hardness, its strength characteristics, including homogeneity after 20 - 30 minutes. After the vibration seal, the polymer-ton mixture begins to warm up to a temperature of 35 - 40 ° C, and in massive structures - up to 60 - 80 ° C. The insufficient heating of the polymer concrete indicates the unsatisfactory quality of the resin, hardener or high humidity of fillers and aggregates.

To determine the control strength indicators, the polymer-tones are experiencing samples in accordance with GOST 10180 and the SH 525 - 80 instruction.

In the manufacture of works on the manufacture of products and structures from polymerbeton, it is necessary to comply with the rules stipulated by the Head of Sniped Safety in Construction, the sanitary rules of the organization of technological processes, approved by the General Sanitary and Epidemiological Directorate of the Ministry of Health and the requirement of the instructions for the production of polymer concrete (CP 52580).

The cement-polymeric concrete is obtained based on the addition of various high-molecular organic compounds, so-called water-dispersed polymers to the standard composition of the concrete. Their discharge includes such polymers as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene. It can be soluble water colloids and latexes: polyvinyl alcohols, epoxy polyamide resins and urea-formaldehyde. The polymers are introduced into the cement-polymer concrete during the preparation of concrete.

Cement-polymer concrete acquires its unique characteristics due to the presence of two active components: organic and mineral binder. The binder contributes to the formation of a cement stone, which fastens into the monolith free particles of the aggregate. As water removed from cement-polymer concrete on the surface, the formation of a thin film, which has excellent adhesion and the adhesion of the inner particles of the solution occurs. This contributes to the monolithic of cement-polymer concrete, which makes it more resistant to high loads. In addition, cement-polymer concrete acquires such properties as increased tensile strength, high frost resistance, wear resistance and waterproofability.

The strength of cement-polymer concrete increases if the concrete is predetermined under dry air conditions in which the moisture is not more than 40-50%. Air with a large percentage of humidity reduces the unique characteristics of cement-polymer concrete.

The cooking technology of cement-polymer concrete is similar to conventional concrete. The use of cement-polymer concrete for floors, roads, finishing compositions, corrosion-resistant coatings is recommended.

PolymerBetone (P-concrete) - This is concrete, when preparing which polymer resins are used as a binder or they are part of the binder in significant quantities and significantly affect the property of the material. The fillers usually serve as sand and crushed stone. To save expensive resins, thin-fat fillers can be introduced into the composition of the material. P-concosions are divided into polymer cement concrete (binding cement + water-soluble polymer additive), polymer silicate concrete (binding liquid glass + furil alcohol or diisocyanates), concrete polymers (concrete, impregnated with polymers) and polymer concrete.

In turn, polymer concretes are: on thermosactive resins (carbamide, phenolic, polyester, furan, polyurethane, epoxy) and thermoplastic resins (inen-kumaronic methyl methacrylate). In addition, P-concretes are divided into super heavy, heavy, lungs and ultralight.

Urea-formaldehyde (carbamide) resins of the "KM" type (crepite M) and "UKS" (universal carbamide resin), MF-17, M-60, M-19-62, and other persistent in acids, but not sufficiently resistant in alkalis. They are obtained by the reaction of urea and formaldehyde polycondensation in aquatic or water-alcohol environment. The hardeners are oxal, lemon, acetic, sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric acid, chloride: ammonium and zinc, better solo-sour animit, which is well soluble in water and resin "UKS".

Furfourciton resin FAM or FA (TU 6-05-1618-73);

Unsaturated polyester resin Mon-1 (MRTU 6-05-1082-76) or Mon-63 (OST 6-05-431-78);

Carbamide formaldehyde kf (GOST 14231-78);

Furano epoxy resin phael-20 (Tu-59-02-039.13-78);

Methyl methacrylic acid ester (metomer methyl methacrylate) MMA (GOST 16505).

As cores of synthetic resins are used:

For FUBRIKETOZETON resins of FMS and F - Betolinsulfocuslotte BSK (TU 6.1425);

For polyester resins of PN-1 and PN-63 - hydroper in isopropyl benzene GP (TU 38-10293-75);

For carbamide formaldehyde KF-W - Solyasine Anilin SKA (GOST 5822);

For furano epoxy resin phael-20 - polyethylenepolyamine PEPA (TU 6-02-594-70);

For methyl methacrylate MMA - a system consisting of technical dimethylaniline DMA (GOST 2168) and benzoyl PB (GOST 14888).

As an accelerator of polyester resins, oil cobalt oil leaf is used (MRTU 6-05-1075-76).

As plasticizing additives should be applied:

CatApin (TU 6-01-1026-75);

Alkamon OS-2 (GOST 10106);

Melamino-formaldehyde resin K-421-02 (TU 6-10-1022-78);

Sulfined naphthalene formaldehyde compounds - C-3 plasticizer (TU 6-14-10-205-78).

Polymer concrete is very dense and resistant materials in various aggressive environments. Polymer concrete and universal resistance have the highest strength and universal resistance to epoxy resins include ED-5, ED-6, ED-16, ED-20, ED-22 and compounds with rubbers, furan (furano-epoxy resin FAED-20) and other resins. For plasticization of the composition as a plasticizer, dimethylphthalate, dibudyl phthalate and others are used, which are introduced in an amount of 15-20% of the mass of the resin. Catalysts of hardening are tertiary amines, chloride antimony, fluoride connections and others. For cold curing, polyethylene polyamine, hexamethylenediamine or liquid polyamides are used.

Furana resins (Fa, Fam, 2-Fa and others) are obtained by condensation of furfurol and furfuryl alcohol with phenols and ketones. They are the cheapest. The largest distribution in construction found a FA monomer, obtained by the interaction of furfurol and acetone in an alkaline medium.

The source products for obtaining furfurolcarbamide resins are furfural, urea and acidic fillers from acidic breeds. As a catalyst, a chlorine iron is used, and the hardening accelerator is aniline.

As a large aggregate for heavy polymerbetones, crushed stone from a natural stone or gravel crushed stone can be used. Crushed stone and crushed stone crushed from gravel must meet the requirements of GOST 8267, GOST 8268, GOST 10260-74.

The use of rubble from sedimentary rocks is not allowed.

Ceramzite gravel, Schingizisite Gravel and Algoporite Crushed, corresponding to the requirements of GOST 9759, should be used as large porous fillers for polymer concrete, corresponding to the requirements of GOST 9759, GOST 19345, GOST 11991.

For the preparation of heavy polymerbetones high density Close of the following fractions should be applied:

For the greatest diameterequal to 20 mm., Close of one fraction of 10-20 mm should be applied.;

With the highest diameter equal to 40 mm., Crushed stone from two fractions 10-20 and 20-40 mm should be applied.

The composition of the polymer concrete is selected by an experimental way. In accordance with the recommendations of Yu.M. Bazhenova, first, experimentally select the most dense mixture of aggregates and filler and ligimal void, and then determine the resin consumption and hardener. In this case, the amount of resin is set in such a way that provides a given mobility of the concrete mix. Typically, the resin consumption exceeds the volume of the emptiness of the microfer by 10-20%.

Better composition Polymer concrete to be installed using the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, varying the sand, filler, resin and hardener.

After performing the experiment, processing the results obtained on the computer and obtain the dependences of the properties of the polymer concrete from the above factors, it is possible to calculate the optimal composition of the material with the required characteristics (Table).

Based on urbamide and other resins and light aggregates (perlite, bysiora of cellular glass and other), it is possible to obtain particularly light polymer concrete with an average density of from 70 to 500 kg / m 3 and with durability up to 5 MPa.

Table11 - characteristics of polymer concrete.

The name of indicators	Knitting
Fam	F	FAED	PN	ED-6
Heavy concrete	Light concrete	Heavy concrete	Heavy concrete	Light concrete	Heavy concrete	Light concrete	Heavy concrete
Average density, kg / m 3
Short-term strength, MPAN compression	70-90 5-8	30-65 3-5,5		90-110 9-11	50-85 3-9	80-100 7-9	50-85 2-8
Module of elasticity, MPa E.10 -3	20-32	13-20	11,7	32-38	12-18	28-36	12-18	¾
Linear shrinkage,%	0,1	0,1-0,85	0,5	0,05-0,08	0,06-0,1	0,02-0,25	0,2-0,25	0,2
Thermal expansion coefficient, A * 10 6, O C -1	12-15	11-13		10-14	10-14	14-20	14-18
Volumetric electrical resistance, 10 -8 Ohm. cm.	3,8	5,8		¾	¾		¾
Frost resistance, not less	F300	F300	F300	F500	F300	F300	F300	¾
Durability to heat, o with	120-140	120-140
Water absorption,%	0,05-0,3	0,1-0,4		0,01	0,2-0,5	0,05-0,1	0,05-0,3	0,02

The hardening of the molded products should occur at a temperature of at least 15 ° C and normal humidity of the surrounding air for 28 days, for products from MMA polymer concrete - for 3 + 1 day.

To accelerate the hardening process, the products from polymer concrete should be thermally treated, which should be carried out in dry warm-up cameras. Dry warm-up should be carried out by electric heaters, steam registers.

The duration of excerpts in the forms of polymer concrete products before the platform and the subsequent heat treatment should be at temperatures ambient:

17+ 2 O with .................. 12

22+ 2 O with .................. 8 h.

more than 25 o with ............ ..4 h.

Rolled polymer concrete products must be heat treatment under the following modes:

For polymerbetones Fam (Fa), Mon, KF: temperature rise to 80 + 2 O C - 2 hours, exposure at a temperature of 80 + 2 о С - 16 h., Temperature descent to 20 ° C - 4 h.

For Palimbetone FAED: temperature rise to 120 + 5 o C - 3 h., Exposure at a temperature of 120 + 5 ° C - 14 hours, temperature descent to 20 ° C - 6 h.

The heat treatment of polymer concrete products with a volume of at least 0.2 m 3 is allowed in forms according to the following modes:

+ +

For PLAYMBETONS FAM (FA), PN, KF-W: Exposure at 20 ° C - 1.5H., Lead temperature up to 80 + 2 о С - 1ч., Exposure at a temperature of 80 + 2 O С - 16ч., Temperature descent to 20 o C - 4h.

For Palimbetone FAED: Exposure at 20 ° C - 1.5H., Lead temperature up to 120 + 5 o C - 2h., Exposure at a temperature of 120 + 5 O С - 14ч., Temperature descent up to 20 ° C - 6h.

Products from PolymerBetone MMA are not allowed to expose heat treatment.

With the appropriate technical economic justification Polymerbetones are advisable to apply for the manufacture of structures operating in conditions of highly aggressive media (chemical enterprises) (chemically resistant floors, trays, waste canals, coarse baths, drain wells, chemically resistant pipes, etc.) or under the influence of electric currents (traverses LEP, contact supports and similar structures with high electrical resistance).

It is possible to manufacture from polymer concrete-resistant coatings of dams, mine trunks, ring collectors of underground structures, containers for storing aggressive liquids and other similar structures.

Long-term tests show that the limit of the lengthy strength of fine-grained polymer concrete based on the Fa resin is 0.45, based on the phaam - 0.5, and FAM-D-0.6.

Concrete polymer -this material obtained as a result of the impregnation of traditional concrete with polymers followed by their polymerization.

Concrete polymers are obtained by impregnating concrete polymers epoxy and polyester resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene, etc.) and copolymers, of which compositions based on monomers acrylic and cop acrylic series were obtained. The strength of the concrete polymer is influenced by the structure and strength of the original concrete, the form, composition and properties of the impregnating composition, the modes of drying, vacuuming, impregnation of the material and polymerization of monomers.

In the factory conditions, the most appropriate is the artificial drying of concrete to moisture content of 0.1 ... 0.2% by weight at a temperature of 105 ... 150 o C (convective, radiation, high-frequency, electric, combined). The incomplete drying of the original concrete reduces the strength of the concrete polymer.

In order to the most complete impregnation of concrete after drying it is evacuated at a residual pressure in the vacuum chamber 6.67 ... 1333 Pa for up to one hour. The vacuum mode is installed by an experimental path for each type of concrete. The greater when evacuated from concrete, moisture, air, steam is removed, the denser it will be impregnation and more strength.

The most important operation is the impregnation of concrete monomers. The impregnation of material with small capillaries is mainly under the action of capillary forces. The impregnation of concrete with close-up capillaries. Better lead under pressure to

1 MPa. The greater the porosity of the initial concrete and more from it is removed by air, couples and moisture, the more fully saturated with the monomers and the strength of the concrete polymer. The properties of the monomer (viscosity, surface tension, the edge of the wetting angle), its temperature and the nature of the porosity are affected on this process.

For complete impregnation of heavy dense concrete, a monomer is needed 2 ... 6% by weight, for impregnation of light concrete on porous aggregates - up to 30 ... 68%, cellular concrete - up to 102 ... 117% (Table).

The final operation is the polymerization of the monomer in concrete (thermocatalytic and radiation). The most widely in the production of concrete polymers is the first method.

Perhaps, if necessary, the surface impregnation of concrete, as well as the impregnation of individual parts of the structures for the purpose of sealing and hardening concrete, increasing the density of the protective layer of reinforcement and its preservation.

According to the structure, the concrete polymer is a capile - a porous body, in which the pores and capiles are filled with a hardened polymer having a good grip with a solid phase and a volume reinforcing silicate basis. Its structure depends on the structure of the initial concrete, the properties of the polymer and the processing mode. The pores of the concrete polymer are closed in form close to spherical. In pores with a size of 200 ... 600 μm. There is no filled central spherical zone. The polymer fills all the pores, cracks and irregularities on the surface of the aggregate, penetrating the cement stone and the aggregate, which significantly increases their clutch between themselves, the strength of the material on tension and bending, since the tensile strength of the hardened polymer is much longer than this concrete (for polymethyl methacrylate up to 80, A polystyrene to 60 MPa (Table). For the same reason, the adhesion of the concrete polymer with reinforcement increases several times (Table).

The polymer, as it were, makes the defects of the structure of concrete and binds the various parts of its sections, increasing the density and strength of the material. Concrete polymer on methyl methacrylate is characterized by a small number of macropores. The number of macropores is also less like a concrete. In the contact zone "Polymer - Cement Stone" there is no shrinking cracks. Thus it creates a dense, monolithic with a smaller number of defects the structure of the material, which determines the nature of its destruction under load. The concrete polymer is destroyed by almost instantly with a loud crash and spool of elongated fragments. The nature of the destruction is fragile. Since the solution treated with a polymer is stronger than a large aggregator, then the destruction occurs in a solution and aggregate.

The strength of the concrete polymer on compression depends mainly on the strength of the initial concrete, the species and properties of the monomer, drying modes, vacuuming, the degree of impregnation and polymerization. The higher the strength of the initial concrete, the less the degree of hardening.

To a large extent, the strength of the concrete polymer depends on the polymer content in the steam space of concrete. The higher the degree of impregnation of concrete, the greater the strength of the concrete polymer. With an increase in the amount of cement stone in the initial concrete, the degree of hardening increases. In a highly durable concrete polymer, a large aggregator is a weak link. And therefore, fine-grained concrete polymers (up to 200 MPa) have higher strength (up to 200 MPa).

When cooling heated to +150 o samples up to +20 o with their strength is completely restored. And when cooling heated to +200 ° C with samples up to +20 o, with their strength, it becomes less than 10% initial. To obtain a concrete polymer that could maintain its properties at a temperature of +200 o C and higher, special heat-resistant compositions must be applied.

The tensile strength of the concrete polymer increases compared to the initial concrete at 3 ... 16 times and with an increase in the number of monomer in concrete (up to 19 MPa).

Table 12 is the effect of the initial strength of concrete on the strength of the concrete polymer.

The introduction of ash and other similar additives into concrete is little reflected on the strength of the concrete polymer, which saves up to 50% of cement.

In the initial concrete, with the aim of substantial acceleration of hardening, up to 5% CaCl 2 can be administered, which is not dangerous for the reinforcement after the impregnation of concrete with a polymer, since the latter protects steel from corrosion.

The modulus of the elasticity of the concrete polymer is 30 ... 60% higher than that of the initial concrete. The limit deformations of the concrete polymer 2 times, and the crack resistance of 2 ... is 5 times higher than that of the initial concrete. The creep and shrinkage of the concrete polymer is several times less than concrete. The average density of the concrete polymer is larger than that of the concrete on the MONOMERA bridges - by 3 ... 10% for heavy concrete and 10 ... 70% - for the lungs on porous aggregates.

The water absorption of the optimal composition of the optimal composition of 5 ... 6 times less than in the traditional concrete (about 1%), and the softening coefficient is close to one. In this regard, the frost resistance of the concrete polymer increases several times and can reach 5,000 cycles of freezing and thawing. However, it depends on the type of polymer.

Concrete polymer of the optimal composition of racks in sulphate, magnesial, alkaline and salt media, as well as in diluted acids, with the exception of fluorinist-hydrogen. But concentrated acids (sulfur, salt, nitrogen) destroy it.

The impregnation of a polymer of light concrete on porous aggregates, cellular and hypsobetone significantly improves their properties, in particular, increases their density, strength and reduces water absorption.

Table 13 - data on the strength of light concrete and concrete polymers.

Table 14 - improving the properties of various concrete after impregnation with polymers.

Table 15 - properties of concrete and concrete polymers.

In accordance with the technical and economic justification and, taking into account the above characteristics, a concrete polymer can be used primarily for the manufacture of structures operating in aggressive or harsh climatic conditions.

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