Thermal insulation of a frame house with mineral wool: scheme and technology features. How to insulate a frame house with mineral wool? How to properly insulate the walls of a frame house
For year-round operation frame house and its durable service requires high-quality insulation. You need to insulate everything - walls, ceiling, roof, floor. What materials and technologies are applicable for solving the problem, and what heat insulators are better to refuse? We will answer these questions and give you step-by-step instructions on how to insulate a house with your own hands.
Requirements for thermal insulation material
The frames of houses built using the "Canadian" technology are assembled from OSB or wood. In order for the insulation not to cause damage to structures, it must have sufficient vapor permeability - not less than 0.32 Mg.
Fibrous heat insulators - mineral wool materials - fully comply with this requirement. Popular synthetic insulation materials, such as polystyrene and polymer-based analogs, cannot be used in wooden structures for two reasons:
- First, due to the lack of elasticity, the heat insulator will not be able to adapt to temporary deformations of the wood (shrinkage, increase in volume). As a result, the formation of cracks and cold bridges.
- Secondly, polystyrene and its analogs do not allow the tree to "breathe". This leads to the accumulation of moisture, the appearance of mold and rotting of the structural elements.
Choosing how to insulate frame house, in addition to vapor permeability, additional properties of the heat insulator should be taken into account. The following indicators are welcomed:
- fire safety;
- environmental friendliness;
- low thermal conductivity;
- shrinkage resistance;
- minimal water absorption.
Choosing the optimal insulation
Mineral wool heat insulators are the most acceptable option for insulating a frame house. Materials are made from different raw materials, which determine the basic characteristics and scope. The general advantages of all types of mineral wool include: light weight, fire safety, resistance to pests and the necessary vapor permeability.
The main disadvantage of fiber insulators- hygroscopicity. To preserve the properties of the insulation, mineral wool needs high-quality vapor and waterproofing.
Basalt wool - environmental friendliness and fire resistance
The main component of the insulation is rocks of volcanic origin: basalite, diarite and basalt. Stone wool is a completely non-combustible material that can withstand temperatures of 1000 ° C. The heat insulator keeps physical properties for 40-50 years.
The main advantages of basalt-based mineral wool:
- low thermal conductivity - 0.36-0.42 W / m * C;
- resistance to mechanical stress;
- good noise insulation characteristics;
- resistance to temperature fluctuations.
The composition of the insulation includes hydrophobic additives that provide quick moisture removal. Basalt heat insulator is produced in slabs, the density of the material is 35-50kg / cu. m.
The disadvantage of stone wool in comparison with fiberglass counterparts is less elasticity and susceptibility to rodents.
Glass wool - elasticity and moisture resistance
The basic components of a heat insulator are glass breakage and sand. The addition of binders makes it possible to form rolls from the finest fiberglass. Approximate dimensions of mats: thickness - 100 mm, width - 1200 mm, length - 10 m.
Features of glass wool:
- high elasticity - the material easily assumes and quickly restores the given shape, which is very convenient during installation;
- vibration resistance;
- not susceptible to mold formation and unattractive to rodents.
Like rock wool, fiberglass is fire resistant. However, in comparison with the previous insulation, loses on several points:
- Unsafe material - installation is carried out in a respirator and protective clothing. The fibers are very fragile and a lot of "glass" dust is emitted during cutting.
- Shrinkage of the heat insulator - over time, the risk of cold bridges formation increases.
Ecowool - versatility
A new word in the segment of thermal insulation materials -. The material is 80% recycled paper. Additional components: boric acid and sodium tetraborate. Minor ingredients provide protection against microorganisms and reduce flammability.
Distinctive features of ecowool:
- Ecowool is a loose insulation, and therefore the technology of its application is fundamentally different from working with sheet mineral wool. To create a heat-insulating layer, special equipment is required - a pneumatic inflatable device.
- With poor-quality insulation of the walls of a frame house, there is risk of shrinkage of ecowool, which is fraught with the formation of non-insulated zones.
- The material is not recommended for use near open sources of fire, chimneys and chimneys. A protective layer of basalt foil-clad refractory mats or a fence made of asbestos-cement slabs is required.
The main advantages of ecowool: environmental friendliness, the possibility of insulating hard-to-reach places and high soundproofing qualities.
"Warm wood" - an alternative to mineral wool
This group is represented by mats and boards made of wood-fiber materials... The technical and operational characteristics of the insulation are at a fairly high level:
- good thermal insulation - thermal conductivity is comparable to that of mineral wool;
- preservation of the structure even when wet - the properties of the insulation do not change when moisture is absorbed in the amount of 20% of its own weight;
- high strength and excellent sound insulation - protection against impact and "air" noise;
- sufficient density and elasticity - the insulation is attached between the frame racks without additional clamps;
- environmental friendliness of the material and safety installation works.
Wood-fiber insulation "breathes" and helps maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house. The disadvantages of a heat insulator include: high cost and flammability.
Thermal insulation with mineral wool: step by step instructions
In most cases, for the insulation of frame structures, it is used mineral wool in the form of mats... Therefore, the subsequent instruction will be based on the work with this particular material.
Preparatory activities
First of all, you should understand the structure of the insulating cake, calculate the material and prepare the surface for laying. It doesn't matter which side to start work - from the outside or from the inside. Some people think that it is more convenient to carry out thermal insulation from the side of the street. However, weather factors must be taken into account.
Standard structure of a thermal insulation cake with the sequence of layers from the inner cladding to the facade of the house:
- Interior decoration.
- OSB board.
- Vapor barrier.
- Insulation layer.
- Windproof membrane.
- Lathing made of bars for arranging a ventilation gap.
- OSB board.
- External cladding.
Recommended the pitch of the frame beams is 580-590 mm. This range is optimal when using standard 60 cm wide mineral wool mats. According to the standards, the thickness of the insulation for a temperate climate is 150 mm. To fill the space between the beams of 15 cm, it is advisable to use mineral wool of two standard sizes: 50 and 100 mm.
Surface preparation is reduced to cleaning from dust, removing protruding nails and blowing out cracks polyurethane foam between the elements of the frame. Before fixing the insulation, it is necessary to check the wooden structures for dampness, dry problem areas with a construction hairdryer.
Interior decoration: order of layers
First you need to prepare a base for laying insulation. From the inside of the house, this role will be performed by vapor barrier film and OSB boards.
Procedure:
- Roll out a roll insulating material and cut it to fit the walls of the house.
- Fix the vapor barrier canvases one by one to the vertical racks of the frame using a stapler. Installation rules: the insulating strips are directed perpendicular to the wooden beams, the minimum overlap is 10 cm.
- Check the tightness of the protective layer.
- Cut OSB boards with a jigsaw.
- Fix the panels to the frame, overlapping the vapor barrier foil.
In the future, OSB boards will serve as the basis for applying finishing walls.
Insulation installation rules
An important advantage of using mineral wool or wood fiber insulation is the ease of fastening with your own hands. Both heat insulators are resilient enough, so they do not need additional fixation. Plates are inserted between frame racks and are held due to the slight difference in size.
So that the thermal insulation layer does not lose its effectiveness over time, it is necessary to follow certain rules for its installation:
- Laying is done in two layers, the slabs are staggered. The second row of mineral wool should overlap the joining seams of the first in the middle. This technique prevents the appearance of "cold bridges" that contribute to the accumulation of condensation and moisture.
- Insulation boards need protection from strong wind and precipitation. By analogy with inner wall, the heat insulator is sheathed with a special hydro-windproof membrane.
The film insulation is fixed with a stapler. For a more secure attachment, you can use the counter-crate system.
Exterior wall cladding
Bars attached to the top of the wind barrier create the necessary air gap between the thermal insulation material and the exterior trim. Further insulation of the facade depends on the material of the finishing cladding.
Under and siding different types slabs of moisture-resistant OSB are nailed to the crate, to which guide bars are attached. Artificial, a natural stone or facade tiles fits directly onto oriented strand boards.
Thermal insulation of the roof of the house
High-quality roof insulation is of great importance in preserving heat. Thought-out and competently executed thermal insulation of the roof of a frame house saves 25-30% of thermal energy.
A popular option for insulation is placing mineral wool between rafter legs... The roofing cake must be supplemented with a vapor barrier film and a diffusion membrane.
Let us describe sequentially, how to properly insulate the roof:
- Pull a water-repellent diffusion film along the outer end of the rafters. Secure the membrane with a counter batten.
- From the inside rafter system lay insulation. Thermal insulation is placed in two layers 100 mm thick, the installation scheme is a checkerboard layout.
- Cover the mineral wool with a vapor barrier film, observing the horizontal laying of the vapor barrier in the direction from bottom to top. The overlap of the film insulation is 5-10 cm.
- Sheathe the ceiling with OSB, plasterboard, plywood or clapboard.
External roofing is carried out using counter battens. Sheathing beams are nailed onto the slats, creating a ventilation gap. OSB boards are attached on top or directly roofing material(slate, corrugated board, metal or flexible tiles).
Insulation of the floor of the first floor
A lot of heat also goes out through the base of the house - about 15-20% of the heat costs fall on the floor. Alternatively, you can organize underfloor heating. However, it is easier and cheaper to insulate the base. mineral wool.
The described technology is suitable for insulating interfloor or attic floor.
A variety of methods for using ecowool
The second most popular material for thermal insulation of frame buildings is ecowool. But here it is better not to experiment and entrust the work to professionals. The mechanized backfill will provide the required density and uniformity of the paving.
There are three methods of using ecowool:
- dry spray;
- wet application;
- glue method.
Dry method applicable for horizontal surfaces, inclined closed cavities, filling intermediate floors and non-separable structures. The density of ecowool laying with this method is 45-65 kg / cubic meter. m depending on the slope.
Wet technology suitable for vertical open walls... Ecowool flakes are moistened and applied to the surface under pressure. The density of the insulating layer is about 65 kg / cubic meter. m.
The glue method is similar to the previous one, but an adhesive component is added instead of water. The advantages of the technique: high adhesion of the insulation to the wall, elasticity of the material and low deformation after drying. The glue method is indispensable for thermal insulation of flows from below, the option is also suitable for processing walls.
The issue of house insulation must be considered even at the construction stage. It is more profitable from a financial point of view and technically correct. Structural elements are insulated as the building is erected, and there is no need to perform overhaul buildings after commissioning.
DIY video instruction on thermal insulation
More information about the technology of home insulation is described in the video.
A frame house is practical, durable and very a budget option construction. It has many advantages, especially in terms of simplicity of construction and installation.
Insulation remains unchanged for a frame house, despite the basic insulation in the niches, it is necessary to additionally ensure the preservation of heat.
The material of a frame house is wood or metal, more often they complement each other... Therefore, additional insulation is used either outside or inside.
Wall insulation in a frame house has long ceased to be a luxury, now it is rather a necessity. Since lately frame structures have become more and more widespread in the cold regions of the country, it is worth thinking about the warmth and comfort in the house.
Each version of insulation deserves its right to exist, as in some situations it shows better results. The advantages and disadvantages of each method should be disassembled point by point.
has a higher heat retention coefficient thus, energy costs will be kept to a minimum.
This is due to the fact that there is no need to warm up the walls, most of the air is trapped directly in the room. The situation is twofold, as walls can also collapse due to displacement of the dew point.... So the moisture from the cold air will be transformed into drops almost in the room itself.
Comparison of insulation methods
Also internal option insulation is easier to install, you can get to the wall using a simple ladder.
In contrast to this advantage, there is a nuance - this is a decrease in the variety of wall decor, that is, the insulation is less durable and the fastening of some structures can be difficult. It is logical that the construction of an additional layer on the walls leads to overall decrease area of the house.
Using the way internal insulation walls, be sure to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of the material.
Is more standard and safe way keeping warm... This type of insulation has the following advantages:
- Walls are protected from destruction and less susceptible to weather conditions;
- Does not take up space in the room;
- Less requirements for the ecological component of the insulation;
List the main types of insulation and their brief description
Heaters are divided according to their properties and method of application, but today the variety of materials is so great that it is very difficult to describe all the options, therefore only the most popular methods will be touched upon.
Thermal insulation comparison
Stone wool
Stone wool is a material that is used everywhere, it is preferred by many developers. The popularity of cotton wool is based on easy installation, since no special skills are required and you can get by with improvised tools.
NOTE!
It is used in frame houses that are built with their own hands, that is, not a factory design. The openings between the frame beams are filled with thermal insulation.
Due to its distribution, cotton wool can be found in almost every major hardware store, while transportation is possible even in your own car. The main requirement for the installation of cotton wool is its tightness - there should be no gaps.
Stone wool
Styrofoam
- This is a cheaper and moisture-resistant insulation, but at the same time it is quite fragile. The installation of polystyrene is somewhat more difficult and requires some experience in this area. Since the material does not absorb moisture, there is no need for moisture / vapor protective membranes, which reduces the cost of the project.
The performance characteristics of the foam somewhat repel many people, which is why serious controversy around the material flares up. As negative points, it is noted that the material is not at all environmentally friendly and people complain about the deterioration of health after warming.
Styrofoam
Mineral wool
It is often used in construction due to its high thermo / sound insulating properties and minerals are increasingly gaining popularity in private construction.
Cotton wool is in the form of fibers, which are several times smaller than hair, and all this is in a compressed form. The fiber length is 10-15cm.
Due to the presence of a huge number of air cavities in the material, heat is perfectly retained, and with it sound. The installation of cotton wool is as simple as possible due to the flexibility and elasticity of the blocks, while there is no tendency to deformation. There is no fire hazard.
Mineral wool
There are many other types of insulation, such as:
Insulation cake of a frame wall - what elements it consists of
There are several basic options for building a frame house, the first is a factory one, when ready-made blocks are initially bought, it is called frame-panel. Another method is to arrange and assemble panels on site, essentially by hand.
Both options should include several important layers, each of which has its own specific function. In fact, there are only 5 main layers:
- So the first, of course, is the facade cladding, this also includes the external insulation, therefore the function consists in an attractive design and protection from temperature changes;
- Further windproof membrane protects the house from drafts, removes moisture and thereby retains heat;
- Directly the frame, it always contains some kind of insulation;
- A vapor barrier layer protects the insulation from water vapor penetration, which in turn ensures the durability of the building;
- Internal cladding... There are no special standards here, you can use internal insulation, a variety of decor and everything that seems appropriate to the owner.
Warming cake
Vapor barrier and windproof layers must be fastened with a lathing... It is a mesh, usually made of wooden blocks, which fixes the necessary films and internal insulation, preventing deformation of the structure.
Sealing cracks and preparing the battens
The lathing is vital in insulating a frame house. The reason is 
the fact that it is simply impossible to attach to mineral wool or any other filler, since they are not able to withstand the load.
Further work implies the presence of a lathing, the material can serve as both a regular beam and a profile.
The lathing itself additionally serves to seal the inner layer of insulation and its additional ventilation.
- Before preparing the battens it is necessary to seal all the cracks in advance, which can be formed due to a loose fit of the insulation.
- It is necessary to fill the niches in the frame so that a slight pressure of the insulation on the supports is formed... This is done so that in the event of drying out of the beams, gaps do not form due to the filler, otherwise large heat losses are guaranteed.
- Various gaps that cannot be closed with the material simply blown out with foam.
- The lathing itself is as simple as possible. For the installation of the lathing, a board with a size of 20x90mm is used. The lathing is attached to wooden planks with which the insulation is fixed. You can stuff the timber in absolutely any direction, it depends on the decor you choose.
Frame installation
Installation of the lathing
Correct insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool - in detail and step by step
It is worth noting that mineral wool is very good material for insulation, but it still has several negative parameters, such as the release of harmful substances, which limits its use indoors.
It is also noted that the material is afraid of moisture and water vapor.
If the mineral wool is saturated by at least a few percent, then the insulation loses half of its heat-insulating properties.
Now you should highlight several basic steps of wall insulation with your own hands when using mineral wool:
- First, it is necessary to sheathe the structure from the inside with a vapor barrier material;
- Then sew up inner side frame, this is often done using OSB... In this way, niches are created for further sealing;
- Usually niches are made to fit the size of the mineral wool, but if necessary, you will have to cut the sheet with a simple knife. It is worth considering that you should cut 5 mm on each side more than it was measured, this creates additional protection against possible cracks;
- Selecting the number of sheets of mineral wool... Each is 5 cm thick, the calculation must be carried out on the basis of the terrain, in normal cases 2 sheets are enough. Sometimes niches are made in several layers that intersect;
- Now the frame is sheathed on the outside with a windscreen;
- On top of the insulation there is a crate.
Installation of mineral wool
Insulation laying
Insulation of frame walls with expanded polystyrene - in detail and step by step
Despite the fact that mineral wool is a good material for insulation, it is worth considering the internal methods of keeping heat. Here, the choice of material should be taken seriously, since one of the most important criteria, in addition to thermal conductivity, is the environmental friendliness of the product.
The best material for internal insulation, and in all respects, is... It has low thermal conductivity, lightweight, does not let in vapors and is thin, but alas, it costs a little more than other materials.
The installation of expanded polystyrene is quite simple:
- A layer of wind protection is laid;
- Rails are attached, can be installed in a horizontal or vertical position;
- The inside is filled with extruded polystyrene foam;
- Usually there is also a vapor barrier, but with this material there is no need for it, so this is followed by a crate and drywall or any other finishing material.
Styrofoam laying
A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier
Vapor barrier is a certain film that does not allow moisture to accumulate in the layer with insulation... Thus, the penetration of any vapor from the side of the room into various layers of insulation and vice versa is blocked. Often used in conjunction with waterproofing.
Vapor barrier
Waterproofing helps minimize dew point... Blocks the ingress of moisture into the insulation, usually used outside the wall.
Waterproofing
Useful video
Warming frame walls by special technology:
Conclusion
Insulation brings comfort and coziness to the house, blocks the occurrence of harmful, destructive phenomena in the structure and at the same time retains heat.
It is not for nothing that frame houses are often called thermoses, because when correct construction, the building is able to retain heat even in the cold season for several days. Also, do not forget about ventilation, since the air circulation in the room is minimal.
In contact with
To achieve a comfortable stay in the house during winter period it is necessary to think about insulation even at the construction stage. This will prevent the penetration of cold air into the room and ensure compliance with the temperature and humidity conditions. Warming of a frame house can be done by hand. Step-by-step instruction for each type of construction is given below.
Why is it necessary to insulate the house
With the help of thermal protection of structures in contact with cold air, the following problems can be solved:
- condensation from inside the premises;
- the appearance of dampness, mold and mildew;
- increased heating costs;
- non-compliance temperature regime living quarters and a decrease in the comfort of living in it.
In addition, a competent technology for insulating a frame house can extend the service life of the main structures of a building.
Thermal protection materials
House insulation can be carried out using the following materials:
- mineral wool;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
Types of mineral wool
There are two classifications of this insulation. The first is based on the raw materials used to manufacture:
- basalt;
- glass;
- slag.
The most popular is the insulation of the walls of a frame house and other structures with basalt mineral wool.
The second classification is based on the form of insulation:
- rigid slabs;
- roll material.
It should be noted that glass wool is only available in rolls.
For floors, rigid slabs are suitable that can withstand fairly high loads. The walls of a frame house can be insulated using both slabs and rolls. For attic roofing, it is best to use slab material. This will allow you to easily insulate with mineral wool between the rafters.
Insulated frame house structures
Before insulating a frame house, it is necessary to decide which structures require this additional event.
You can protect the following building elements from the cold with your own hands:
- ground floor floor;
- attic floor (if the attic is cold);
- mansard roof;
- exterior walls.
Do-it-yourself insulation work can be carried out both outside and inside. It is best to mount the insulation between the racks, as this will ensure the correct operation of the material. Warming wooden house mineral wool from the inside of the wall will greatly simplify the work and will allow events to be carried out in any weather conditions.
Two-layer insulation - 100% thermal protection guarantee An outside insulation scheme is possible if the inside insulation is not sufficient and additional insulation is required. Peculiarities:
- the outer insulation material must not create a vapor barrier. Otherwise, the resulting condensate from water vapor will accumulate between two layers of insulation, which is fraught with the formation of mold and mildew;
- thickening the wall of the house
Based on the foregoing, it follows that the thermal protection of a wooden house outside with mineral wool should be carried out only in exceptional cases when the scheme from the inside is not applicable.
Wall insulation
Two-layer insulation (double frame) To guarantee a comfortable stay during the winter period, it is important to take care of the thermal protection of the walls. To reliably insulate the walls with basalt or other wool from the outside with your own hands, you need a two-layer insulation. Stick to the following layer order:
- interior decoration;
- vapor barrier;
- insulation with mineral wool (2 layers with offset racks);
- windproof membrane;
- OSB-3 on the crate;
- external finishing of the facade.
It is important to remember that the scheme for using this type of insulation requires a ventilated layer with a thickness of at least 4 cm. This is necessary due to the high hygroscopicity of the material. In order for the insulation to retain its operational characteristics, it is necessary to remove excess moisture from its surface. This is achieved by circulating cold air outside the surface of the mineral wool.
Most often, the technology of warming the walls of a frame house is the following scheme: the material is not laid on either side, but between the frame racks. This allows to reduce the overall wall thickness and significantly reduce the construction time of the building. The mineral wool is fixed between the frame racks, after which sheathing is performed on both sides.
When doing work with your own hands, vapor barrier and wind protection are located in the same way as in the previous cases: protection from steam is from the inside, and wind protection is from the outside.
When the walls are thermally protected from the inside under the curtain facade, the order of layers is as follows:
- interior decoration of the premises;
- vapor barrier;
- mineral wool;
- superdiffusion membrane;
- wall construction;
- facade finishing.
Insulation of floors
For a timber frame house, overlapping beams are characteristic. When arranging thermal insulation with your own hands, insulation slabs are stacked between the supporting structures of the floor. You can also use roll materials, but for spreading them, preliminary installation of the lower sheathing or solid flooring will be required.
When insulating with mineral wool in the form of hard slabs, it is better to take the step of the wooden floor beams so that 580 mm remains clean between them. This will ensure maximum convenience work with slabs 600 mm wide and complete filling of the space with heat-insulating material.
When performing activities with your own hands, you need to remember that the vapor barrier is located from the inside of the room, and the waterproofing is from the cold air side. In the case of interfloor ceilings, protection from steam should be provided on the side of the ceiling.
Insulation of the attic floor It is also important to remember that when working with any type of mineral wool, it is better to prevent particles of the material from getting on the skin and lungs. It is best to use gloves and a mask for this. Also, workers should have special clothing that completely covers their arms and legs.
Pitched roof insulation
DIY installation technology is similar to overlapping. The step of the rafters, as in the previous case, is selected in compliance with the clear distance of 580 mm.
The work is carried out in the following order:
- installation of the rafter system;
- laying a waterproofing layer on top of the rafters;
- thermal insulation;
- installation of vapor barrier;
- upper and lower lathing;
- laying of roofing material;
- interior decoration of the ceiling.
Preparatory work
Before properly insulating a frame house, it is necessary to prepare the surfaces. To do this, perform simple activities:
- treatment of all structures of a wooden house with antiseptic compounds to prevent damage to them by various microorganisms;
- cleaning the surface from dirt and dust;
- elimination of significant irregularities.
These simple do-it-yourself manipulations will provide the insulation with a reliable abutment to the structures and the longest possible service life.
Frame houses are not only practical, but also attractive in appearance. This is an ideal option for those who wish to acquire inexpensive but comfortable housing. Today we will talk about the insulation of a frame house.
Do-it-yourself frame house insulation
Design features
There are two main ways to construct frame buildings:
- frame-panel (buildings are assembled directly at the factory with ready-made elements);
- frame-frame (all elements are prepared and assembled at the construction site).
In section, the wall of a frame house is a multi-layer cake (this can be seen in the above image). It is also worth noting that the frameworks themselves can be of two types:
- wooden;
- metal.
For a long time, wood was the main building material, and it is not surprising - it is cheap, durable, lightweight, easy to process and has excellent thermal conductivity. Metal structures are erected from perforated steel profiles, mainly galvanized (this extends the service life up to one hundred years).
Now - directly to the process of warming a frame house!
Stage one. The choice of material for insulating a frame house
After it is ready Basic structure, you need to start thermal insulation, but here, of course, there are a lot of questions. And the main one is the choice of the right material. There are quite a few of them, but the most popular is expanded polystyrene, basalt, eco- and glass wool, extruded polystyrene foam, materials that are sprayed or filled up. It would seem that the choice is wide enough, but not all of the described heaters are suitable for a frame building.
For example, expanded polystyrene with polystyrene foam will not work because if you tightly lay them in the interframe voids, then the structure itself will increase in volume in the future or dry out due to natural properties wood, due to which cracks form between the thermal insulator and the frame. It is quite obvious that through these cracks will go away thermal energy, and the insulation material itself will no longer be effective. Therefore, a thermal insulator suitable for us must be elastic: even if the shape of the frame changes, there will still be no gaps, since the vacated space will be filled with this material.
Now let's get down to specifics. Consider all the remaining materials, and you yourself will decide which one is more suitable (in terms of price, quality, etc.).
Option number 1. Basalt wool for warming a frame house
Perhaps one of the most popular insulation materials. It has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, it is produced by melting rock basalt. For this reason, the material is sometimes called stone wool.
Note! The temperature that it can withstand is +1000 C, so this is a real fireproof insulation.
The disadvantage of the material is that it absorbs moisture, which is why its main properties deteriorate over time. Therefore, when insulating a frame house, you should protect basalt wool by means of steam and waterproofing materials. We also note that for thermal insulation of walls, it is necessary to use the material that is produced in slabs. It is desirable that it has a special marking indicating that it is for walls, otherwise after a couple of years the cotton wool will sit down and cracks will form in the wall (namely, in its upper part) through which cold air will penetrate.
Option number 2. Ecowool
A modern material made from cellulose. It differs from the previous version not only in appearance, but also in the installation technology. For insulation with ecowool, a special machine is needed to mix the material with water droplets; then all this mixture is driven into the interframe space.
The water droplets are here for a reason - they glue the pieces of ecowool together, thus forming a monolithic thermal insulator along the entire perimeter of the building. Consequently, there can be no cold bridges in such walls. Although it is possible to install ecowool without using special equipment, that is, dry. In this case, they simply fall asleep between the layers of the walls and carefully tamp it.
Ecowool is immune to high humidity emanating from the room, so no vapor barrier is needed in this case. The only drawback of the material is the high cost (not only of it, but also of installation work).
Option number 3. Glass wool
Another very popular material that can be used in a frame house. It differs from basalt wool in that it is made from molten glass. It is characterized by excellent thermal insulation properties, fire safety and the fact that no toxic substances are released when exposed to fire.
Note! Glass wool is often produced in rolls. You should pay attention to the fact that there must be markings for the walls on it (this is necessary for a frame-type house).
Option number 4. Loose heaters
These include sawdust, expanded clay, slag and the like. At one time, this technology was very successful, since it was quite difficult to get good insulation material. But today, bulk materials are practically not used. Everything is explained quite simply: their common drawback is that over time they shrink, and the thermal insulation properties are very doubtful.
Option number 5. Glassine
Glassine is a thick paper treated with bitumen. The material is often used in construction to protect against wind and moisture, although in reality this is not necessary - the material does not allow moisture that comes from the room to pass through, and it accumulates in the frame itself.
Note! We do not consider spraying with polyurethane foam, although it is very effective and can be applied to almost any surface. Firstly, it is afraid of direct sunlight, which reduces its operational life in half. Secondly, for its application it is required special equipment, but this pleasure is not cheap. We are talking about insulating a frame house, which in itself implies minimizing costs.
Video - How to insulate a house
Stage two. Preparatory activities
First, you should understand the series important points, without which the thermal insulation of a frame building can easily turn into a waste of money. First, we note that it is necessary to think not only about the walls, since both the ceiling and the floor can also allow cold air to pass through! In addition, the insulating material should be properly protected from moisture, using internal / external waterproofing for this. Finally, when performing installation work, you need to leave small ventilation gaps between the walls and the insulation itself.
Before starting installation work, thoroughly clean all working surfaces from dirt and dust. If you find any sticking screws or nails, remove them. And if there are gaps between the frame elements of the building, then blow them out with polyurethane foam. Dry all damp areas (if any) with a building dryer.
Note! If before that the outer surface of the walls was thermally insulated using a waterproofing material, then its re-installation inside the building is no longer required, otherwise an excess amount of moisture will accumulate in the structure and, as a result, it will quickly collapse. Below is an instruction solely on internal insulation.
Stage three. Waterproofing layer
Let's make a reservation right away that the installation technology for all materials is approximately the same. First, measure all the walls of the frame, then, according to the calculations, cut the strips of the material that was selected for the waterproofing. Secure the material to the uprights using a mounting stapler so that the frame is fully sheathed.
Stage four. Installation of a vapor barrier layer
Even if moisture-resistant materials are used for insulation, vapor barrier must still be performed. At first glance, these are unnecessary expenses, which can be completely dispensed with. But the fact is that inside the frame there will be not only insulation, but also other elements (for example, the same tree) that still need protection from steam entering the walls from the room.
Laying scheme for a vapor barrier layer when insulating a frame house
As a vapor barrier, both a special film and foamed polyethylene can be used. Attach the selected material to the frame uprights flush with the thermal insulator using a mounting stapler. Sometimes the blocks of insulation are simply wrapped in this material, but in reality this does not need to be done - as we just noted, protection must be provided for all frame elements without exception.
The material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 centimeters, and all joints are carefully sealed with high-quality double-sided tape. Also, do not forget the fact that the thickness of the vapor barrier material does not in any way affect the similar indicator of the insulation material.
Stage five. Installation of insulation
If mineral wool is used for thermal insulation, before starting work, be sure to wear personal protective equipment - a respirator, gloves, goggles, special clothing. If you use polystyrene (and this material, as we said, is not very suitable), then such security measures are not needed. When insulating a frame house, lay the material between the frame posts evenly, not forgetting the ventilation gaps required between the thermal insulator and the cladding. You can use scissors or an ordinary knife to cut mineral wool, but for foam you will need an electric jigsaw or a hacksaw with small teeth.
Note! Experts assure that it is more efficient to lay the insulation in two layers. So, first, the first layer with a thickness of 10 centimeters should go, then a wooden crate is stuffed in a horizontal position, on top of which the second layer is laid (its thickness should already be 5 centimeters). Such a little "trick" will help to avoid the formation of cold bridges.
Lay on top of the insulation protective film(if it is necessary, that is, if the outside of the house was not properly insulated). This will ensure that the material will always be in a dry state, and moisture will not get outside.
Note! For the ventilation gap, which has been mentioned more than once, fill in a 3 cm thick wooden crate.
After that, you can start installing OSB boards and decorative finishes.
Stage six. We sew up walls in a frame house
The procedure for insulating a frame house is almost complete, it remains only to sew up all the walls from the inside. Often, OSB plates are used for this, although you can also use drywall sheets. Although we note that drywall is advisable only in the case of a sufficiently flat frame, otherwise it will take all forms of irregularities. Conversely, OSB is much tougher, so minor flaws can be eliminated with it. Begin finishing on top of one of them.
Fastening OSB boards to the strapping in the presence of a second floor
Two options for joining plates
About additional insulation
If what is described above is not enough, then you can additionally take care of external insulation (if, of course, it is not yet available). If mineral wool was used inside, then put a vapor barrier from the outside to protect the material from condensed moisture. By the way, it can be not only a film, but also aluminium foil although, to be honest, this material is not the best.
You can use the same OSB or plywood as a windscreen. The finishing coating can be eurolining, siding or other suitable materials... That's all, good luck with your work and warm winters!
Video - Do-it-yourself frame house insulation
Insulation of a frame house with mineral wool is one of the most common types of insulation used in frame house building.
In frame housing construction, thermal insulation indoor spaces carried out by laying thermal insulation in the inner space of the frame. Have different types frame houses manufactured according to various technologies(Canadian, American German and others) are used different kinds insulation, but the main properties that this material should have can be formulated as follows:
- Low thermal conductivity - the ability to retain heat. This indicator is characterized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the lower it is, the thinner the insulation layer is required to create a normal temperature regime inside the premises.
- Vapor permeability - the ability to pass air. This ability of the material allows the structure of the house to "breathe", creating an optimal indoor climate.
- Low weight. The weight of the insulation is characterized by its specific values, the less weight, the less load will be on building structures (foundation and frame of the house).
- Fire safety is an important indicator, because the life of the people living in the house depends on it.
This indicator is characterized by such criteria as:
- Flammability;
- Attitude to exposure to open flames;
- The ability to release harmful substances during combustion.
- Environmental friendliness is one of the most important indicators in the modern world.
- Hygroscopicity - the ability to absorb moisture. To insulate a frame house, it is better to use materials that do not absorb moisture. If such an effect is present, then so that it does not affect other properties of the material used (thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, etc.).
- Antiseptic - the ability not to decompose and rot, as well as to resist the formation of microorganisms inside the insulation.
- Strength - in the context of use for home insulation, this indicator characterizes the degree of shrinkage of the insulation during operation.
- Cost - the ratio of price and quality, as well as the presence of the above listed properties, is a priority indicator when choosing a specific insulation for a frame house.
Most often, as a heater in frame housing construction, the following are used: polystyrene, polyurethane foam and mineral wool.
Mineral wool, its properties and main characteristics
Mineral wool is a heat-insulating material that is made on the basis of molten glass (glass wool), molten rock (rock wool) and blast-furnace slag (slag wool).
Due to the fact that slag wool does not meet environmental requirements, and glass wool is difficult to perform work with its use, stone wool based on basalt has received the greatest distribution in frame housing construction.
Basalt stone wool is produced in the form of slabs, which greatly simplifies the process of laying it when insulating frame structures. The only moment that needs to be taken into account when constructing the frame is the geometric dimensions of the slabs, they must correspond to the pitch of the vertical struts of the structure. This will facilitate the implementation of work and avoid waste of material.
Main characteristics of basalt-based mineral wool
For all types of insulation, there are indicators (properties) characteristic of a specific material, about which it was written above. For basalt slabs, these properties correspond to the following values and indicators:
The forage of this mineral wool is capable of acting as sound insulation, which is characteristic of all types of this insulation.
Advantages and disadvantages of using mineral wool
Anyone building material there are pros and cons, which determine the scope of its use and service life. Mineral wool, in this regard, is no exception, it also has its own advantages and disadvantages, which can be formulated as follows.
Advantages
- Low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
- Non-flammable material;
- High strength and ability to maintain its geometric dimensions;
- Low moisture absorption capacity;
- High level of sound insulation;
- Resistance to deformation under the influence of external temperature;
- Resistance to biological and chemical attack;
- Ease of installation work;
- Relatively low cost.
disadvantages
- When working without protective equipment, it is possible to damage the respiratory system, eyes and skin, a specialist working with this material;
- The service life is somewhat shorter than that of analogues (polystyrene, polyurethane foam).
Installation technology using mineral wool
Mineral wool is used to insulate various structural elements of a frame house, when insulating which, there are some features of the technology for performing work.
But first of all, you need to prepare the surfaces of structures for laying insulation, for this you need:
- Treat the frame with fire-fighting compounds and antiseptic solutions.
- Clean the surface where the insulation will be laid from dirt, construction waste and other foreign objects.
- Remove significant irregularities on the frame elements that are not technologically important, but can interfere with the installation of thermal insulation.
Insulation of the floor of a frame house
Floor insulation is carried out on a "rough" flooring or on a slab, depending on the type of frame house. The logs, on which the "clean floor" will be laid in the future, should be laid with a step corresponding to the geometric dimensions of the mineral wool used. The floor insulation scheme in a frame house is as follows:
"Rough floor" and logs - waterproofing - insulation - vapor barrier - counter-batten on the surface of the log - "finished floor".
Insulation of the walls of a frame house
In a frame house, external and internal walls are insulated, but the scheme of their insulation is somewhat different.
The external wall insulation scheme is as follows:
interior decoration - vapor barrier - insulation - windproof membrane - exterior decoration.
When insulating internal walls, vapor barrier and windproof membrane are excluded from the scheme.
Insulation of interfloor ceilings
When insulating interfloor floors, the scheme used for insulating the floor is used, but the laying of waterproofing and vapor barrier is excluded from it, and there is also no counter batten that secures the vapor barrier layer.
Roof insulation
The roof is one of the main surfaces through which a significant amount of heat loss occurs in the house, regardless of what material it is made of and by what technology.
In the construction of frame houses, special importance is attached to roof insulation. The insulation scheme is as follows:
interior decoration attic space- vapor barrier - insulation - waterproofing - counter-lattice - lathing - roofing material.
Safety measures when working with mineral wool
When working with mineral wool, certain safety measures must be observed in order to prevent injury to personnel working with this material.
To create safe working conditions, it is necessary:
- Use individual means protection - respirators, gloves, goggles, overalls.
- It is impossible to organize food intake and placement of drinking water near the place where mineral wool is stored, as well as with the area where work is performed with its use.
- After the completion of the work, it is necessary to clean the premises where the work was performed. Remove remaining mineral wool waste.
Mineral wool is the most common and affordable type of insulation, which is widely used in frame housing construction, both in the factory method of producing frame houses, and in the case of an individual, independent construction option.