Structural features of the arrangement of a porch made of wood, its design and projects. Do-it-yourself porch of a house: a phased extension from the porch to the house Wooden porch to the house with your own hands projects

A porch made of wood is an integral feature of a city house or country estate. Every homeowner can assemble it with his own hands. To do this, it is enough to familiarize yourself with the construction technology and stock up on materials.

Wooden porch is a multifunctional building and one of the most important parts of the exterior of the house. In winter, it reliably protects the front door from snow drifts and provides additional thermal insulation, and in summer, the porch with a canopy can be used as a gazebo.

Several varieties stand out:

The simplified is the most simple construction, consisting of a small platform and several steps. The main advantages of such a porch are low cost, ease of construction and the ability to attach it to the house at any time.
Attached - a porch equipped with a handrail and a canopy. This option is the most common; a wooden extension can function properly for more than ten years.
Built-in - this design is the most complex and reliable. It is being built simultaneously with the main building and has a common roof with it. If the construction of a house is just planned, this option is considered ideal.

Recently, it has come into vogue original design that came from Western Europe - patio. It is a kind of attached porch that resembles an open terrace.

A standard wooden porch consists of several main parts: foundation, supports, steps, railings and canopy.

Such a carved porch is a real work of art

Before starting work, you must carefully plan all activities. When choosing a place for a future building, you should take into account the following nuances:

Natural conditions. Depending on the soil, the ground can freeze in winter or swell during the rainy season. The first leads to the bulging of the pillars from the soil, and the second leads to damage to the porch foundation and the occurrence of cracks. To avoid these problems, the hole must be dug below the freezing level of the soil.
A wooden porch should be attached to the house from the same material. Otherwise, there is a difference in pressure on the soil, which leads to the appearance of cracks and mowing.

It is very important to determine the level of soil freezing before starting work. This is necessary in order to calculate the depth of the foundation both under the porch and under any other structure. To do this, it is necessary to drill a well in the area where construction is planned in cold weather (about a month before the maximum frost). A soil sample is taken every 10-15 centimeters. This work is done by a professional geologist, but you can take a map of the standard freezing depth and check the readings with it.

There are two main mistakes made in the construction of a wooden porch: the structure is too close to the entrance and the foundation is not deep enough. Both shortcomings lead to the inability to open the door in winter due to the impact of the frozen soil on the stairs. You can solve the problem by installing the porch 7-10 centimeters below the front door or by equipping a small threshold directly in the doorway.

Calculation and design of the structure

When designing wooden extension there are some important points to consider:

The standard step is 15–20 cm high and 30 cm deep.
The steps are often at an incline of 2-3 degrees. Thanks to this, melted ice or rain puddles will not accumulate on the surface.
The railings make it much easier to climb and descend stairs. Ergonomics experts say that the best height is in the 80-100 cm range.

Porch height - the distance from the front door to the ground.
General run - the distance from the first to the last step, taken in horizontal projection.

A standard step consists of a riser (vertical part) and a tread (horizontal element). To accurately determine the number of steps of the future porch, you need to divide its planned height by the size of the riser.

The standard width of a human step is in the range of 60–64 cm. There is a porch safety formula: 2a + b = 62, where a is the height of one step, b is the width. Marches are optimal for operation, where the step height is 15-18 cm, and the width is 25-32.

The canopy should not be made too narrow, otherwise it will not be able to provide protection from wind and precipitation. The optimal length is 80-85 cm, the width should be larger doorway half a meter. To prevent water from accumulating on the roof of the visor, it must be made slightly sloping.

Tools and materials

The optimal choice for building a porch - pine boards

There are no serious restrictions on the choice of wood for the porch. Budget annexes are built from birch or spruce. They are short-lived, because they quickly rot in conditions of high humidity. Cedar or oak in this regard is much more stable, but they are more expensive, therefore they are used in the construction of capital structures.

Pine beams and boards are ideal in terms of price-quality ratio. They are inexpensive, highly resistant to decay and external influences.

Before starting the construction of a wooden porch, you need to prepare the necessary materials:

Pine timber with a cross section of 100 * 200 mm, required for the construction of rafters and beams. For log houses, the beams can be replaced with logs up to 200 mm in diameter.
Edged pine boards for steps. Each is 40 mm thick and 300 mm wide.
Pine riser boards. Width - up to 200 mm, thickness - 20 mm.
Boards for bowstrings, railings, canopies, top flooring. Width - small, 150-200 mm is enough, thickness - 50 mm.
Small stones and sand required for the installation of supports.
Cement.
Bitumen, roofing material.
Varnish and antiseptic.

For the construction of the porch, only dry wood treated against decay should be used.

Also, in the process, you will need a set of tools. Can be used like professional models and amateur (depending on the complexity and volume of work).

Hacksaw for wood.
Nail hammer.
Electric drill, screwdriver, screwdriver set.
Electric or manual planer.
A drill for digging holes in the ground for installing supports (can be replaced with a bayonet shovel).
Measuring instruments - building level, tape measure
Capacity for stirring the cement mortar.
A set of fasteners: nails, screws and so on.

Step-by-step instructions for building a porch with your own hands

Installation and fastening of supports

The first step for a wooden porch is to equip a high-quality foundation. The ideal option is an inexpensive and uncomplicated structure on piles. Such a foundation is erected independently within a short time.

Small rubble is poured into the pit and poured cement mortar

Bars or logs selected as supports are treated with antiseptic preparations.
Holes are dug for the installation of the racks. The minimum depth is 80 cm, this indicator depends on the characteristics of the soil, the type of porch and its size.
The prepared supports are immersed in the ground, covered with mortar and crushed stone, and compacted. For reliability, you can fill them with cement mortar. But in this case, the work cannot be continued until the foundation is dry.
After mounting the supports, they are leveled in height and, if necessary, trimmed to the optimum level.
For reliability, the rack extreme from the house can be attached to the wall with nails or self-tapping screws.

There is an opinion that a foundation is not needed for a wooden structure. This is not true: a solid foundation will protect the porch from premature deformation and destruction.

Bowstring installation

The bowstring and kosour are load-bearing boards to which the steps are attached. The main difference between these inclined beams is in the position of the steps: in the first case, they are hidden, in the second, they remain in sight. The number of stringers and bowstrings depends on the width of the ladder; for a standard 700 mm, four supporting beams are enough.

The ladder can also be attached directly to the foundation

The board is drawn according to a pattern cut out of cardboard. It represents right triangle, the legs of which correspond to the dimensions of the riser and tread minus the width of the board-step.
The parts marked on the carrier board are cut with a jigsaw or a hacksaw.
Finished products are attached with the upper end to the supports and leveled. For a secure fit, you can use metal staples and strips.

Sometimes the required width of the bowstring significantly exceeds the size of the edged board. In this case, you can use one of the following methods:

Use an unedged board. It allows you to make a bowstring from 400 mm.
Attach several outer planks to the supporting structure. They will widen, hide and strengthen the bowstring.

Site making

Installation of the upper platform takes place in several stages:

Pine boards are cut. The exact size and quantity depends on the dimensions of the porch.
The boards are laid in place. On the one hand, they are attached to the stringers, on the other, to the wall or to the crossbeam. For fixation, a thorn-groove connection is used; it is not recommended to use nails.
Planks are laid close to each other. In the future, this will allow avoiding problems associated with wood drying and the formation of large gaps in the coating. In the process of work, the surface is leveled.

Boards should be tightly adjacent to each other

When installing a site, especially a closed one or with a railing, you need to ensure that there is enough free space for the entrance door to open and close without hindrance. Therefore, the upper part of the porch needs to be wider. front door one and a half times.

Laying stair treads

Installation of steps on a bowstring is simple and is carried out in several steps:

The lower riser is laid, which is attached to the string with a thorn-groove connection or with the help of self-tapping screws.
The lower tread is attached to the riser and bowstring in the same way.
Similarly, other risers and treads are fixed to the very top.

The steps are installed after the risers

If a kosour is installed as the basis for the stairs, the steps are laid from bottom to top (as in the photo). When using a bowstring, the boards are laid from top to bottom.

During the fastening of the steps, it is necessary to ensure that the individual boards fit snugly together: the gaps increase as a result of the drying out of the wood, so the structural elements can loosen, and the porch will have to be repaired or rebuilt. If necessary, it is recommended to use special glue. If the planned step width allows, one wide plank can be installed.

Installation of balusters and railings

With the help of the railing, you can give the porch a harmonious and finished look. Their installation is required if there are more than two steps in the staircase.

From wooden block a baluster is cut out. This is the main vertical support to which the railing boards will be attached.
A small hole with a diameter of about 10–12 mm is drilled in the lower end of the support.
A metal pin coated with glue is inserted into the drilled hole. Its second end should protrude 70 mm from the board.
A hole with a diameter of 14 mm is drilled in the bottom step (at a distance of 7–8 cm from the edge).
The rest of the baluster stud is coated with PVA glue and installed in the hole. The support is leveled. First, the extreme balusters are attached, then the intermediate ones. Places of installations are preliminarily marked on the bowstring.
Before installation, the upper ends of the balusters are sawn off at an angle to install the railing.

Balusters are attached to metal inserts or wooden dowels

Canopy fixing

The canopy (regardless of shape and material) includes two parts: a frame and a roof.

By the type of installation, the canopies located above the porch can be suspended and supporting. The first ones are small in size and are attached to outside wall buildings. Support type canopies require preliminary installation of supports.

The long canopy provides the best protection for the porch area. However, in winter, it accumulates a large number of snow. Before making a choice in favor of a long or wide canopy, you need to clarify the average annual rainfall in the region.

The work on the manufacture of the canopy begins with the assembly of the frame:

Supporting racks are installed. They are attached to the porch platform using special anchors and fasteners... Before installation, all wooden parts are treated with antiseptics and protective agents.
With a long canopy length, additional supports are installed along the edges of the canopy. If they go out of bounds and fall on open ground, the base must be concreted. This will ensure the strength of the structure.
The guides are attached to the bearing racks. They are located perpendicular to the posts and are fixed with anchors.
The boards of the visor crate are nailed to the guides.
The finished frame is painted, the quality of the work performed is checked.

Finally, a cladding material is hung, for example, a corrugated sheet or roofing felt.

Video: How to make a wooden porch with a canopy on your own

Protection of a porch made of wood from damage

To exclude premature destruction of the material, it is necessary to treat the wood with special impregnations that protect the surface from fire, moisture and other external influences.

There are two groups of impregnations to protect wood from moisture:

Penetrating. The mortar penetrates the wood structure and minimizes the effects of high humidity. It is enough to process the surface once (during the construction of the porch).
Film-forming. Such impregnation does not affect the structure, it creates a film on the surface of the wood. In the future, periodic processing with the same composition is required.

To protect the porch from rotting, it is recommended to use antiseptic preparations in the form of diluted solutions or paste. There are specially designed fire-resistant impregnations that can protect wood from fire. When ignited, the composition forms a refractory film capable of resisting flame for a certain time.

Insecticidal solutions can be used to protect against insects. They scare off beetles and prevent the appearance of new ones. Many homeowners use porch impregnation folk remedies- tar dissolved in turpentine, chlorophos or paraffin.

A house always begins with a porch, this is its main entrance, this is its business card, one might say. And, at the same time, the final chord of construction. The point is in the work done. In addition, it has a purely functional purpose - to protect the entrance from wind, rain, snow, so it should be beautiful, comfortable and durable. Of course, the design should not conflict with the design of the entire home. A powerful red brick structure will look strange in wooden house with carved shutters, for example. But a wooden object attached to a brick house can completely serve as its decoration. If the house is small, then the porch should not be made a kind of monument that outweighs the proportions of a private house. And most importantly: the house without this element looks unfinished.

How to build a porch for a private house with your own hands

There are a lot of construction options and materials. Choose the one that suits you best, prepare everything you need and get to work.

Wooden

It is not difficult to assemble the structure of such a porch.

The simplest wooden structure can be made by yourself, even if you do not have special skills in construction. First, let's choose a construction.

There are three main types: simplified, built-in and attached porch. A simplified structure is a platform and a canopy over the entrance. Consider the most common option: a platform, steps and a protective visor, which is located above the door.

Porch option with a small terrace

Even for such a light and simple structure, we need it. It will not be difficult at all, because for such a wooden porch, we can make a foundation from piles. Soak the support bars with an antiseptic. Having calculated where the supports should be, we will dig holes for them to a depth of 80–90 cm. We immerse the supports strictly vertically into these holes, checking by level, At 30 cm we fill the hole with gravel first, tamp it tightly, then a layer of soil, and then concrete it.

For the porch, you need to make a foundation

After the cement is completely dry, you need to align all the supports in height, make cuts for thorns, sockets and other preparatory work.

Making steps

Now it's time to choose the string on which the steps will be located. It comes in two types: with incised steps and with cut ledges. Since the second option is simpler, we will do it. We will select several thick edged boards for the bowstring and stringers. The length must be chosen in accordance with the number of steps. The rules are simple: quantity:

Kosougory are needed so that the steps have additional internal supports. On first edged board using a construction square, we mark the profile of the stairs. Cut off the excess and use the first board as a template for preparing the rest of the parts.

The bowstrings are attached to the lags by a thorn-groove connection, for which a transverse board with the selected grooves must be nailed to the lags, and thorns must be cut out at the ends of the stringers and bowstrings. After the bowstrings and stringers are fixed on the logs, it is necessary to install their lower ends on a fortified and leveled platform. Now the frame of the future staircase for the porch is ready. It's time to lay the floor and steps. You should try to lay the boards for the floor of the site as tightly as possible so that no cracks appear when they dry. After the platform is ready, it is necessary to install the risers and treads, which are also connected according to the "thorn-groove" principle, like the riser with a bowstring: this will give the joints the very rigidity that is needed. Here, in fact, everything is ready.

If there are more than three steps in the staircase of the porch, it is worth making a railing.

Installation steps

Concrete

Concrete porch

We calculate the materials. The amount of concrete required for pouring depends on the width and height of the structure, as well as on the number of steps. If we do concrete ourselves, then we must remember that for 1 cubic meter. m of concrete is 340 kg of concrete, 1.05 cubic meters. m of sand and 0.86 cubic meters. m of rubble. You also need to calculate the necessary waterproofing and reinforcement. If the frame is reinforcing, then 2 reinforcement bars are used for each step.

The porch of their concrete base

We are making the foundation for the future porch. At the place where we will arrange the object, we need to dig a small pit 30-40 centimeters deep. We fill in a layer of gravel 10 cm on the bottom and carefully tamp it, on top - a layer of sand, and then moisten it so that the sand completely clogs up all the gaps between the gravel.

We make a frame formwork. We will install plank formwork on the sides. You can use plywood or chipboard for formwork. The main thing is that the formwork should follow the shape of the steps. We strengthen the formwork with pegs and struts. The formwork must be leveled in height and level. We cut pieces of boards equal to the length and width of the risers and nail them to the formwork itself. The entire formwork must be lubricated from the inside so that the concrete does not stick to the wood. Roofing material must be laid down to waterproof concrete.

Step-by-step actions when building a concrete staircase

Please note: the steps of the stairs must be made with a small slope so that the water flows freely from them.

We reinforce the formwork. This is necessary in order for the areas to be concreted to have a rigid structure. It is better not to spare reinforcement during the construction of a concrete structure. A medium-sized porch will take about 150 meters of reinforcing rods. In order to be able to make a canopy and railings in the future, it is necessary to leave outlets from the corner or pipes on each side.

Harness preparation

We are concreting. We put the prepared concrete solution into the formwork. You need to start from the bottom step, evenly distributing the solution and constantly tamping. In no case should you leave emptiness. After the entire formwork is filled, we level the surface and now it is necessary for the structure to dry for about a week. After that, you can remove the formwork and start finishing this object.

Ladder with wrought iron elements

Metallic with forged elements

A metal staircase can decorate both brick and wooden houses. Starting to build a porch of metal, you should also first make a sketch. It makes it easier to calculate the amount required material and avoid mistakes when assembling parts.

Simple staircase with forging elements

Let's decide on the size of the stairs. It is necessary to calculate everything so that two people can easily disperse on it, and the steps are convenient for descending and ascending.

the width of the stairs must be at least 1 meter;
the number of steps is odd;
stairs - from 26˚ to 45˚;
the height of the steps should be from 12 to 20 cm;
the width of each step is not less than 25 cm;
overhang of one step over another should be about 30 mm.

Just like under any other, under metal porch must be laid.

Metal construction consists of three elements: the staircase itself, the railing to it and the visor, the staircase is usually welded from channels.

Arrangement of the entrance to the house

Consider one of the options for the construction of a metal staircase, which we will do on our own. Let's prepare two channels equal in length to the future staircase. We put them on the width of the future staircase, it seems, at 1 meter from each other. Now you need to mark and cut the corner to the size of the step, not forgetting to make an increase in the weld seam. We weld one end along the office to the channel. Then we take the next cut piece of the corner and weld it along the office to the previous corner, then to the channel. So gradually we weld all the corners.

Installation of the base of a metal staircase

Now you can connect the L-shaped elements to each other with an equal angle corner. Please note that the bottom of each step is connected by a corner with a shelf outward. You can fill the steps with any suitable material: wood, porcelain stoneware, chipboard, plywood. It is better to fix it with self-tapping screws and silicone glue.

Entrance staircase with a canopy or closed

For such a porch, the foundation is especially important. Of course, it is best if it is planned together with the whole house. But there are often cases when it is attached to an already existing house, in this case we call it an "extension".

Rest area next to the entrance to the house

Closed entrance to the house

One way or another, the extension is a fundamental building. Therefore, having calculated the parameters of the glazed porch site, we fill the foundation for it. Of course, the glazed extension is not for permanent residence with heavy furniture. Therefore, the foundation can be piled. After the foundation is prepared, all the straps are made, the concrete is completely dry, you can lay out the walls. We choose the material so that it does not contradict the design of the house. Of course, this is a frame building. The frame can be made from wooden beams, from a metal profile. Some owners, wishing to make the porch more capital, lay out such a porch made of brick, timber. If we talk about frame construction, then it is certainly cheaper and much easier to install.

Frame extensions are of two types: frame-panel and frame-frame. In the first case, the panels are already ready, you just need not be too lazy to assemble, in the second, the fit is done on the spot.

The main work is done. Now we need to tackle the glazing and the door. We use wood or plastic for glazing. We order the door with glass and adjusted dimensions. We choose the ladder from all possible options.

The glazed porch-veranda is very convenient because in summer you can sit and drink tea in bad weather, and in winter, entering the house, you do not drag snow with you.

Porch construction scheme

The steps should be 30 cm long and 16 cm high, but do not forget that when making the first step, it is necessary to take into account the addition of sand and tiles. Because of this, the first step is always slightly higher than the rest.

Brickwork when building a porch

Very often, after construction, cinder blocks remain. They can be laid in the foundation: it will be stronger, and we will dispose of the remnants of cinder concrete.

We lay out the porch platform from the brick. At the same time, we also lay the side wall, which can be immediately overlaid with facing material - brick, for example. Gradually we form steps with the help of a backing and facing brick... In the middle, lay out two rows of backing bricks, and lay out the outer part with front bricks.

So, we are gradually forming the rest of the steps. Do not forget to process bricks special means from the appearance of salt stains. After the masonry is finished, we complete the construction or with finishing bricks. We use special glue for fastening. We complete the construction with a visor device.

Video: building a brick porch

Arrange a small flower garden nearby, put pots or flowerpots with flowers. Complete with quirky cute little things to complete the look.

The first thing your guests see when they come to your house is the porch. Therefore, this part of the house should be the most beautiful, original and attractive. The porch is a visiting card for any owner, which should speak about his status, position, level of imagination and taste. The more accurate and skillful it is, the better. No wonder it is supplemented with flowers, sculptures, columns, paintings, lanterns and carved balusters, taking into account the stylist. However, in addition to its decorative properties, the porch also plays a protective function. The canopy is one of the parts of the porch adjacent to the house. He covers the square in front of the building. That's why neither rain, nor snow, nor ultra-violet rays will not damage the steps, plinth, walls and front door.

If you do not have one yet, you should think about how to attach the porch with your own hands to the house. "But I'm a layman!" - you can argue. Let's tell you right away - this is optional. After all, in order to make a thing or build something with your own hands, you don't need much. Desire, perseverance, basic skills and helpful information from which you will draw knowledge. This is the information we will provide you with. With our help, you will learn how to build a porch with your own hands and what you need for this. In addition, additional videos will help you better navigate and cope with the task.

The construction of the porch adjacent to the house

Before moving on to building with your own hands, it is important to understand what a porch is, what are its design features and what it can be made of. After all, having an idea of \ u200b \ u200bthe building, you can easily think over its location, design and successfully bring everything to life. So what are the essential elements of any porch? It consists of:

Steps.
Railing.
Canopy (visor).
Playgrounds.
Support columns.

Moreover, in view of various designs, these items may be missing. For example, depending on the method of attaching the visor, support beams or columns may not be present at all. In this case, the visor will be attached directly to the wall.

The same applies to railings - in some projects they are present, and in some they are not. In some cases, the railing serves to support a person, and in some it is a decorative element. How your porch will look is up to you. You can watch a video in which there are many types of construction. Maybe you will like some of them.

Differences in the building can be not only in the constituent elements, but also in size, design and material. Let's talk about how to choose suitable material so that it fits harmoniously into the overall picture of your home.

We are building a porch, but from what?

The first thing you should do before starting construction with your own hands is to choose a material. And here it is not easy in your preferences. We're talking about the porch being your home's business card, so it should look the part. What is it about? About the harmonious combination of materials.

Since the porch is an extension to the house, the material for its construction should not be fundamentally different from the material from which the house is made. It will look ridiculous and ridiculous. For example, if the walls of a house are made of bricks, then a wooden porch will not fit into the exposition at all, and vice versa. Wooden house it is better to add a porch made of timber, and a brick one made of metal or concrete. As you understand, there are a lot of materials for the construction of the front porch:

tree (felling, beams, boards);
stone (concrete, brick);
metal (forging, metallic profile).

You can decorate the porch with various materials: tiles, decorative bricks, wood, plastic, glass and even cloth.

A rather popular option for construction is a wooden porch. It is a natural resource that is easy to obtain and does not cost much. From generation to generation, the tree has been used by our ancestors. It is easy to work with it, as the wood lends itself to processing. In addition, with proper care and maintenance, the building will last a long time, and its appearance will delight everyone. It will be easiest to build a wooden porch with your own hands. If you want to make a porch for a small wooden house or summer cottage, this is ideal.

An equally well-known material is stone. When your house is built of bricks, it is logical to make a porch of the same material. It will look organic, and thanks to the strength and reliability of brick, concrete or stone, the building will stand for many years. It is clear that the total weight will be much higher than that of the wooden version, but reliability is above all.

A metal porch will look good for a brick or stone house. Especially if your gate is also made of metal. It is sturdy, sturdy and durable. The only negative is that metal can rust on contact with water. But, this can be easily eliminated with special anti-corrosion agents.

Note! For cold climates, a glazed porch may be a topical option. It is clear that it will be more difficult to implement it, but its functionality is much higher than that of other species.

After considering the pros and cons, you can choose the actual material to make your porch. Now we will consider how the construction of the porch to the building with our own hands takes place step by step.

Step by step we build a porch of the house with our own hands:

Stage 1 - drafting

If you have already decided on the material, you can proceed to the main types of work, the main of which is the project or detailed diagram... Any builder knows that it is impossible to work without a detailed plan or diagram. You have to focus on something, stick to a plan, and follow it clearly. This is why it is important to draft or borrow. This is what your diagram might look like on paper.

In it, you must indicate everything related to construction. What exactly?

Top, side drawing and detailed dimensions of the building.
Basic structural elements.
The material from which this or that element will be made.
The location of all adjacent parts.
Building materials and tools.

The specialists who draw up the correct project can even calculate all the approximate construction costs. You can do everything yourself, as this is a simple design. An alternative could be borrowing already finished project that the Internet is full of.

You should know that the porch is built so that it is level 1 with front door... In addition, a canopy or roof must be included in the project in order to protect the site and steps from precipitation. If the rise is large, then the railing will not interfere, especially in winter period when they can freeze up.

Stage 2 - we build the foundation of the porch to the house with our own hands

So, when the plan is ready, you can get to work. In this case, we will analyze in detail the construction of a practical concrete porch, with an ideal price-quality ratio. The first thing to do is the foundation. First, prepare the site. Remove debris and anything that will get in the way, then mark the area. Purchase reinforcement, cement and sand in advance to form the foundation.

Now dig a pit according to the markings. Please note that its depth should correspond to the depth of the foundation of the house itself. A sand cushion is poured into the bottom of the pit, with a layer of 10-20 cm and compacted. The next layer is a crushed stone pillow 10-20 cm. Then the formwork is installed, the reinforcing mesh is knitted and everything is poured with concrete.

Advice! You can make the concrete yourself or order it from a specialized institution. When making it yourself, it is more convenient to use a concrete mixer. If it is not available, it can be rented.

You will find more details and tips on how to set up a foundation in this video.

Stage 3 - base of the porch

The concrete will dry for about a month. During this time, it is better to cover it with polyethylene so that the precipitation does not spoil it. Once completely dry, you can form the base of the porch. For work, you need a backing brick. They need to lay out the base of the structure, taking into account the required dimensions.

You can learn how to make a porch safe, practical, as well as taking into account the technology and recommended sizes, you can learn from this video.

Do not forget about waterproofing, because the brick does not tolerate high humidity. It needs to be done both vertically and horizontally. You can use roofing material or aquazol as a material.

Stage 4 - steps for the porch

To make the steps, you need a better quality brick. It is not worth buying used material. It is better to prepare a new brick so that the structure is even, reliable and beautiful. You can make steps from any kind of brick - red, silicate, etc. It all depends on your desire and available funds. Laying is carried out in the usual way on cement mortar, with the chosen dressing. How to make the steps correctly, you will see from the following video.

Stage 5 - porch awning

As previously mentioned, a porch without a canopy is a wasted effort. Therefore, it is important to make a cover over the steps that will close them, protecting them from precipitation and their harmful effects. The canopy can be made on columns or fixed to the wall. If the area in front of the house is large enough, then the fixed canopy will not work. It is suitable for hiding small areas. Therefore, it is better to make it on supports.

Supports can be made either from bricks, if the roof is rather heavy, or from metal with low weight. The canopy itself can be of various shapes:

single-slope;
gable:
straight;
concave;
domed;
arched.

The shape depends on your desire. You can choose polycarbonate as a material, it is light and reliable. In addition, metal tiles, bituminous tiles, slate, corrugated board, glass, etc. are suitable. To make the choice, consider the style of your home.

We suggest you watch a video of exactly how you can make a canopy over the porch with your own hands.

Stage 5 - finishing and decoration of the porch

In principle, this is where the bulk of the work is done. You already have a full-fledged porch that will perform a protective function. But, it remains to complete some details, thanks to which it will become attractive. It's about decoration. What can be done? First, you can make a handrail either decorative or practical.

The porch is part of the house, which is under constant use due to increased traffic. Made in harmonious combination with the material of the walls, it becomes a beautiful testimony to the well-being of the owner and his attentive attitude towards his home.

Several design options

First of all, you need to decide on the options for the entrance group, below are several ways of improvement.

Open entrance

A porch without a canopy is sometimes used for private houses. This type of entrance is a platform open from all sides. Railings are not installed, since the height usually does not exceed a few steps. The site is under the influence of atmospheric precipitation, since there is no roof or canopy above it.

Most often, an open area is made if there is a veranda behind it. Such open types are arranged in southern regions with a dry climate, and in damp areas with big amount precipitation open options do not build.

With terrace

To protect those entering the house, a porch of a private building with a canopy is performed. This type allows you to approach the arrangement of the entrance with a huge range different options, as evidenced by numerous photos. The roof over the site plays the role of an exquisite accessory or becomes the final detail in the whole ensemble of the facade exterior.

A covered area with a porch is the most effective solution, it is economical and practical to use. You cannot make a separate canopy in front of the entrance if the site falls under the common remote edge of the roof or a balcony is arranged above it. Some options for the carport suggest its extension to the roof of the car parking or a small cozy terrace.

Buried option

This type involves fencing the site with walls made of wood. They can be solid and contain window openings in their design. The role of the roof is played by a separate canopy or a superior balcony above the entrance. Such a room, closed from bad weather, additionally expands the usable area of the house.

Sometimes the area inside the closed entrance is made spacious and arranged there additional kitchen in the summer for cooking, in the winter they put shelves for storing food. You can combine the closed type of entrance with a spacious terrace for parties and receiving friends. If you make a solid and spacious closed entrance, then most often you need to arrange a foundation foundation.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands - a phased implementation of work

The construction of a porch made of wood often does not require an additional base, which contributes to cost savings. When making a structure, they focus on massive steps and original railings.

Wood goes well with walls made of artificial and natural stone, bricks, sheathed with siding or plastic. The canopy racks are made massive, if the design intent requires it, or they are decorated with figures, light carvings, and balusters of an unusual shape are placed. The wood is easily stained different colors, which makes it possible to develop design ideas.

Wood is a pliable material that can be easily processed, amenable to complex processing. The steps and other wooden structures, treated with special impregnations against decay and antiseptics from microbes, will stand for a rather long time, and will not only have a presentable appearance, but also delight the owners of the house with their grandeur and splendor.

The porch is subdivided according to the method of joining the house:

built-in type, located on a common base with the house and being built with it;
attached, carried out in the process of finishing work.

Construction device

The construction device is carried out on a natural straight or sloping ground using a frame. A wooden or metal box is made, which serves as the basis for the installation and fastening of steps. This is a budget option and it can be implemented at any stage of construction or after the start of the operation of the house.

A porch is built on a bowstring or stringer of a reinforced type, in which a metal box-base is provided only in the lower part, and the upper one rests on the base of the house or floor slab. This method opens up possibilities for more options. design solutions, since it has a greater bearing capacity than the previous budget option.

Typical mistakes

It is better to learn from other people's mistakes, so we managed to identify several common deviations that beginners face:

when designing, the materials of the walls of the house were not taken into account, and the porch is knocked out of the general style of the exterior;
errors in the dimensions of the structure do not give a proportional combination with the dimensions of the house;
errors are made in measurements, the surrounding paths, flower beds, the location and dimensions of the front door are not taken into account, which distorts the correctness of the design solution;
overspending of material is allowed as a result of the wrong choice of design;
insufficient design strength of the structure;
additional treatment with antiseptics and protective compounds of open parts is not provided and load-bearing structures in the ground, which leads to premature damage to wood and reduces the service life;
the absence of a supporting base under a heavy massive porch leads to soil sinking and displacement of the structure;
the characteristics of the soil are not taken into account, in particular, subsidence and the possibility of swelling.

Choosing a building material

When planning a construction, you should first determine the type of wood that is most suitable for the construction. For outdoor buildings, coniferous wood, pine or larch are chosen. You can make parts from a whole log, which looks very colorful for large estates and mansions. Kosoura can be made from logs laid on top of each other, and steps are provided from sawn along the trunk.

For the device, you will need to prepare material of the following types:

it is recommended to make porch supports from a beam of 10 x 20 cm. This is a standard solution, the choice of section for each specific case depends on the load, the number of supports and other operating conditions;
for the manufacture of an array of platforms and steps, a board with a thickness of 2.5 to 5 cm is optimal, depending on the span;
ready-made balusters and railings can be installed in the structure, or you can make them from a rail or a thin bar, the dimensions of which are determined depending on the project;
provide protective solutions and compositions for the impregnation of finished parts;
concrete and metal profile (if they are provided for by the project for the installation of the base).

We design

If you start construction without a project or scheme, then the difficulties that arise will put the master in front of the need to change something in the process of constructing the structure. The presence of all schemes and sizes in a visual form on paper will make changes easier and easier. The project must contain:

drawing, drawing or photo appearance porch in frontal and lateral projection;
the location, number and height of the steps are indicated;
the height and setting of the railings, the frequency of the location of the balusters;
the size and shape of the visor;
dimensions of the site base;
the dimensions of the side walls, their thickness, the presence of window and door openings.

There are patterns determined by the rules and regulations that are used for the rapid construction of the building:

the site is done at the level of the foundation or base of the house;
the width of the area in front of the entrance door, taking into account the size of the first step, is usually taken as 1.3–1.7 m;
the step in width should be in the range of 30–40 cm, its standard height in the parameters is 15–20 cm;
the bottom of the visor is located 25–30 cm above the top of the entrance door;
the minimum width of the passage on the porch for one person is taken in the range of 70–80 cm; for two people to walk hand in hand, this passage is increased to 1.4–1.6 m.
if the ascent to the site is more than three steps, then the porch must be equipped with a handrail;
the front door usually opens outward, so the last finishing layer of the site should not raise it more than 5 cm below the level of the opening line;
waterproofing is laid in the project wooden walls from concrete base if provided;
the width of the site is made taking into account the opening of a double-leaf or single-leaf door;
it is recommended to provide for night lighting of the entrance group and the adjacent territory;
the removal of the visor is done by 40-50 cm in length and width relative to the site;
it is recommended to provide in the project an angle of inclination of steps and a platform of about 2–3 degrees in order to avoid water accumulation and the formation of ice.

Making the foundation

A lightweight structure can be installed without a foundation, but its base will help to avoid the dependence of the structure on seasonal shifts and swelling of the soil. To do this, you can choose a columnar foundation.

A solid slab-type foundation is located under the porch and platform and is made in the form of a base for massive large entrances, combined with terraces and verandas. The strip foundation is the most economical, since it has sufficient tensile strength with reduced material costs.

It is better to take the depth of the foundation at the level of the base of the house. It is recommended to fasten these two foundations together using embedded parts made of reinforcement or strip metal.

When building, according to the instructions, a number of mandatory rules should be observed:

the base of the stringer beam should rest in a section isolated from moisture, which is arranged on the foundation;
supports are best made of coniferous wood, which works better in wet conditions in contact with the ground;
be sure to handle all carriers and structural details antiseptic to a height of 52 cm above the soil level; drying oil or waste oil of cars is used as an impregnation;
supports are installed at a depth of at least 80 cm or at a distance equal to 1/3 of the length, the number of racks depends on the massiveness of the structure;
after solidification concrete mortar adjust the racks in height;
for reliable laying of beams and lags in the upper part of the racks, quarters are chosen;

Installing steps

Installation of steps is performed from below and gradually moves up. They are attached to the beam with self-tapping screws or wooden pins. It is advisable to grease both those and others with glue on wood before use. The caps of the self-tapping screws must be well sunk into the wood to avoid injuries to the foot.

Almost none can do without a porch Vacation home... This structural element of the building can be made from the most different materials... However, the most popular, due to the ease of construction, can be considered wooden options stairs.

There are also several varieties of such porches. Installation of some of them requires experience. Others are collected in an elementary way. In this article, we'll talk about how to make a wooden porch with your own hands and what such structures are in general.

Types of wooden porches

Wooden stairs can be made from logs, beams, or knocked down from planks. They differ both in construction and design. This can be confirmed by these pictures with different options porch:

Manufacturing material

Log ladders are usually attached to log houses and saunas. This option is difficult to manufacture and is quite expensive. However, this is also the most solid type of wooden stairs. It is somewhat easier to make a construction from a bar. If a chopped wooden porch is rather a tradition of our country, then a cobbled version is more typical for Western construction.

Solid log porch. Photo of the simplest design

The third type of wooden porches - boardwalk, is the most common. The popularity of this type of structure is primarily due to the ease of assembly and low cost. But a porch made of boards will not last as long as a log or cobbled one.

Wooden porch of a private house. Photo of a plank structure

What wood can be used

For the manufacture of a porch in the country, a wide variety of wood can be used. Low-cost designs are made of pine, birch or spruce. More solid varieties can be harvested from larch, cedar or oak.

Design features

By design features there are only three main types of wooden covers - built-in, attached and simplified. A built-in porch is most often made of timber. With your own hands, such a structure can be erected exclusively at the stage of construction of the village house itself. Chopped staircase options are also built-in. The attached porch is attached to the wall at a later date.

Advice: With a lack of experience in working with wood for a do-it-yourself construction, it is better to choose the third option - simple staircase, which is a common area near the house with several steps.

Types of the porch of a wooden house. Photo of the attached and simplified version

Affiliated wooden ladder just like the built-in one, it always has a railing with balusters and a canopy. In some houses, you can see a porch covered by a permanent extension or combined with a veranda.

Varieties of designs

The design of stairs near the house is very diverse. You can build, for example, a beautiful carved wooden porch. Varnish or paint is also often used to decorate wood.

Beautiful wooden carved stairs

It is interesting: In our country, steps, railings and other structural elements of the porch usually have a monochromatic design. In the West, porches are often decorated in two different shades.

The canopy of a wooden porch is sometimes made in a semicircle or is gable, straight beveled, or has a complex shape. Railings and balusters often perform not only a purely practical function, but also serve as a stylish decoration for the entire structure. In general, finishing the porch of a private house is a creative procedure and provides a lot of opportunities for realizing the design fantasies of its owners.

Wooden porch. Photo of a wide radial visor

Self-design

The best option for a wooden porch of a private house can be considered an attached structure with a railing and a canopy. We will talk about the assembly of just such a porch below. First, let's see how to correctly draw up a project for the porch of a wooden house. First of all, you should draw a design drawing in compliance with all proportions. The scheme is built taking into account the safety and maximum practicality of the stairs.

A person's stride width is usually about 60-64cm. Therefore, the porch safety formula looks like this: 2a + b = 62, where "a" is the height of the step, and "b" is its width. Thus, it turns out that the most convenient to use are marches with a step height of about 15-18 cm and a width of 20-32 cm. Its optimal length is considered to be a meter and a half. Also, a comfortable porch should have a railing about 90cm high.

The project also needs to take into account the number of steps themselves. This parameter is determined based on the height of the base. However, in any case, there should be at least two steps.

Diagram of a ladder with steps fixed on a bowstring

Important: The project is drawn up taking into account the fact that its upper platform should be located below the threshold of the house by at least 3 cm. Otherwise, if the door swells in wet weather, it may simply stop closing.

Take a look at these photos, maybe they will help you decide on the design and construction of a wooden porch:

So, the project has been drawn up. Now let's look at the technology of making a wooden porch with our own hands in stages.

Assembly technology

Do-it-yourself construction of a march from boards and timber includes the following steps:

Manufacturing of supports. For them you need a bar 50 * 150mm;
Digging holes and making a "pillow" for the supports. Filling the support platform for the march;
Installation of supports;
Making and installing bowstrings or stringers;
Installation of steps;
Installation of balusters and railings;
Installation of the visor;
Porch painting.

A concrete platform is arranged under the bottom step of the wooden porch to determine the design and construction of the wooden porch

Manufacturing and installation of supports

The assembly of the frame of the wooden porch begins with knocking down the supports. For their manufacture, they are fastened with self-tapping screws, two bars 50 * 150. In this case, both ordinary nails and self-tapping screws are used for whipping. You can also just take one beam 100-150 * 150.

Under the pillars, you need to drill holes half a meter deep

Pits 50 cm deep are dug under the supports. At their bottom, a pillow of flat stones is arranged. How to make it if there are no such ones? In this case, you can use rubble concrete, just pouring into the pits cement-sand mortar and throwing some stones there. As a support under the march of the porch to the house made of wood, a rubble concrete slab buried in the ground (under the lowest step) is arranged, poured in the same way as the "pillows".

Before installation, the ends of the supports are treated with an antiseptic composition

The pillars must be treated with an antiseptic

Advice: Often the ends of the supports are treated with bituminous mastic. However, this is not entirely correct. The fact is that this tool blocks the access of air to the wood, which causes it to rot from the inside. The result is a not very durable wooden porch for a summer residence.

Making bowstrings or stringers

The steps of the wooden march can be attached to the bowstring or stringers. The latter is a board with support nests sawn out along the upper edge.

On the bowstring, the bars filled with the desired pitch serve as the basis for the steps. Do-it-yourself porch made of wood turns out to be quite aesthetic in both cases.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands. Photo of installed kosour

Assembling the march

The cut-out bowstrings or stringers are attached at one end to the supporting posts. To do this, you can use screws or nails. Their second end is supported on a concrete platform.

On a note: When making the porch of a wooden house with your own hands using a bowstring, the steps begin to be fastened from top to bottom. They are installed on the kosour from the bottom up.

Almost finished porch made of wood. Photo of the process of installing steps on stringers

The upper platform is first mounted on the bowstrings. Then a step is installed. A tread is stuffed between them. Then again they mount the step and the tread, etc. On the kosoura, all the treads are first drilled and only then all the steps are fixed. Finish the installation by installing the upper platform. It should be supported by two beams, one end fixed to the supporting pillars, and the other to the wall of the house (with corners to a wooden one or to a beam to a concrete one).

Risers and steps are fastened with self-tapping screws

On a note: Fix the steps and risers with self-tapping screws. In order to make the march more reliable, you can additionally use wood glue.

Installation of balusters and railings

With the use of handrails, a more harmonious and comfortable wooden porch is obtained. It is also not difficult to put them with your own hands:

In the lower end of a baluster cut from a bar to a depth of 80 mm, a hole with a diameter of 12 mm is drilled;
Next, the butt is sawn off at an angle to match its surface with the surface of the bowstring;
A metal pin is inserted into the hole, coated with PVA glue. Its end should protrude 70mm;
Holes 80mm deep and 14mm in diameter are drilled in the upper edge of the string.
The baluster hairpin is coated with glue and inserted into the hole in the bowstring.

Balusters are installed on metal pins or wooden dowels

On a note: First, the extreme balusters are attached, and then the intermediate ones. The bowstring itself must first be marked. Before installation, the upper ends of the balusters should be sawn off at an angle to the railing.

The railing can be attached to the balusters simply with glue, or you can also use pins.

Installing the visor

Next, we will consider step by step how to properly assemble the visor over the wooden porch near the house. The device of the simplest involves knocking down the frame and sheathing it with boards. The frame is assembled from 50 * 50 beams. From above it is sheathed with a board approximately 25mm thick.

Closed porch of a wooden house. Photo of a log version with curly pillars and a rectangular visor

The resulting shield is attached on one side to the wall of the house, and on the other over the supporting pillars of the stairs.

How to decorate a wooden porch?

If you know how to work well with wood before installation, all elements of the porch structure (except for steps and risers) can be carved.

Advice: When carving patterns on a bowstring or stringers, do not overdo it with the number of through holes. Otherwise, the porch structure can be weakened.

Carved baluster design

The finished porch, carved or ordinary, must be varnished or painted. What is the best way to handle it in the latter case? The decoration of the porch of a wooden house is most often performed using oil paint or acrylic (intended for outdoor use). It is also very important to know what to coat the surfaces with before painting. Usually the tree is pretreated with linseed oil. You can also use a wood primer. If you do not skip this step, repairs to the structure (replacing rotten elements and touching up) will have to be done much less often.

The device of a wooden porch (video on how to build a porch porch):

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