The device of the roof truss system. The device of the rafter system of a gable roof Log scheme on a gable roof

Is it time to install the roof? The very first thing you need to do is install the rafter system. This work is very important and difficult, and therefore it is necessary to carefully read our advice.

A little theory - what you need to know about the rafter system?

First of all, you need to talk about the types of rafter systems and their characteristics. So, this system consists of the following elements:

rafter legs;
racks and vertical supports;
struts;
puffs - the element that connects the rafter legs.

You should also distinguish between rafters by type. Rafter systems are divided into:

Forced. They should be used if the building has internal partitions or other supports. In this case, the "legs" of the structure must rest on both the outer walls and the inner ones.
Hanging - in which the "legs" of the structure rest only on the outer walls. Distinctive feature such a design is that for its design it is necessary to tighten due to high spacer loads.

Several important technical characteristics

When choosing a method for installing rafters, it is necessary to assess the complexity of the work and the weight of the future structure. If the assembled product is lightweight, or you can drive special lifting equipment to the site, then it is best to assemble the rafters on the ground, and then lift them to the roof of the building, where you can do all the other work. If the structure is characterized by a large weight, then it will have to be assembled directly on the roof - it is easier and safer.

It is very important to properly connect the tops of the rafters. This work can be done in several ways. First of all, end-to-end, when on opposite rafter legs ah make cuts at the required angle. Following the rafters, you need to dock at the ends obtained and fasten with several nails. For a safer connection, secure the products with a metal plate.

You can fasten the rafter legs with an overlap - in this case, the structural elements are in contact with each other by planes. If you are going to make a rafter system in a house with fronts that are made of logs, then the rafters must be placed on the walls using the sliding fastener method. Thanks to this, you will be able to avoid deformation of the roof in case of shrinkage of the house.

If you decide to use this method, then you need to take into account that it is quite difficult to do it yourself. Fastening is made as follows: the "legs" of the rafters must be placed with a gap, fastening them together using a specialized movable metal element. Now we proceed to the direct construction of the rafter system with our own hands.

Mauerlat - what is it and why?

The construction of the rafter system must begin with the installation of the Mauerlat - this is the basis for the future design. Mauerlat is a log or beam that is attached around the entire perimeter external walls... Undoubtedly, you can make a structure without a Mauerlat, but it will be quite difficult and even risky to build such a structure with your own hands. It is very important to follow exactly all the recommendations so that the base for the rafter system 100% fulfills the functions assigned to it.

Important Tips:

Before installing the Mauerlat, the walls must be insulated with a suitable waterproof material. To save money, you can put several layers of roofing material.
The installation of logs is carried out on a reinforced belt with a small indent from the edges of the walls.
It is best to choose logs of antiseptic wood with a section of 10 * 15 cm.

For the convenience of doing work with your own hands, the bars must first be laid out from one front to the other along the entire length of the wall. After that, you can take measurements: we lay out the bars according to the level, monitoring the evenness of the distance between them. Next, you can attach the beams to the walls. As we have already said, it is preferable to carry out installation on a reinforced belt, using anchor bolts as a product for fastening - it is better to fasten them when pouring reinforced belt... Also, do not forget to drill holes in the beam itself.

Important: if you want to achieve a perfectly even position of the bolts, before pouring the "belt", attach the board to the bolts and give the fasteners a vertical position using a square.

We put the base prepared with our own hands on supports consisting of planks, after which we carefully lower the beams onto the bolts, each time taking them out on the plank. Finally, screw the washer to the bolt. Now it's time to find out how to make a rafter system with your own hands.

Installing a rafter system with your own hands

We have already talked about the installation of the Mauerlat. Now it's time to move on to the main point on installing the rafter system - this is the installation of floor beams and ridge beams. But first things first. Floor beams - beams with a section of 20 * 10 or 15 * 10 cm. The length of the products should be such that, when laid on the walls, the beams form an extension that will correspond to the width of the cornice.

If we talk in simple words, the bars should extend beyond the walls at a certain distance. The bars are installed in one direction, leaving an equal distance between them.

To avoid errors during the execution of work, you should adhere to a clear sequence of actions:

We mount the boards with our own hands, retreating from the edge of the walls by an average of half a meter.
We stretch a cord between the bars - it will serve as a kind of "beacon" for the installation of the next beams.
The distance between the "legs" of the structure must be chosen based on the section of the rafters. So, if you decide to choose "floor" boards, measuring 5 * 15 cm, then the step should be about 60 cm. It is worth noting that this will greatly simplify all further work. And all due to the fact that the width is most often 60 cm, which means that nothing will need to be trimmed.
We proceed to the installation of transverse beams, which in one part should be in contact with the extreme beam, and with the other they extend beyond the walls. The gap between such jumpers should be about 1 m.
We pull the beams to the base (mauerlat) with nails, you can also use self-tapping screws and steel corners (for reliability).

So that during the construction of the rafter system with your own hands it is as convenient for you to work as possible, lay ordinary boards on the beams.

Now it's time to talk about installing a ridge bar. This stage consists of several steps:

Installation of auxiliary racks, which are U-shaped struts made of wood. Professional experts advise that the height of the spacers be equal to the height of the first floor.
We assemble the racks at opposite ends of the structure and put intermediate beams, maintaining a step of 2.5 meters.
After installing the racks, we put the ridge beam on top ( wooden plank with a section of 5 * 20 cm). Secure the structure with self-tapping screws.

Since the rafters must be of the same length, it is advisable to make a template in advance to determine the length. To do this, we take one board 2.5 * 15 cm in size, apply it to the beam and to the ridge, and in the places of contact we put marks and saw off the unnecessary part - using this template you can make blanks. True, it is worth noting that not everyone can achieve perfect evenness, and therefore get ready for the fact that during the installation process you will have to use a saw more than once.

If you neglect this advice, then the skate may bend, which can make the structure not so reliable.

After you have installed the rafter system, you need to make waterproofing, create a batten and cover the structure with roofing material. Now you know how to assemble the rafter system - the roof is almost ready. We hope our tips will help even you to do the work yourself.

The rafter system is the supporting frame for the roof. That is why it must be reliable, since the durability of the entire structure directly depends on the quality of the material from which the elements of the system are made, and the professionalism of its assembly.

it is quite possible to make and install, having a craftsman nearby who has already done a similar job more than once. Without experience in this work and a reliable advisor, it is dangerous to take on the most dangerous - it is better to entrust this event to a team of qualified craftsmen. However, if you nevertheless decide to try your hand, then you need to approach all the details of the system with all responsibility and caution, since the work is not only difficult, but also quite dangerous.

Requirements for rafters

In order for the entire roof system of the house to serve a long service, dried coniferous wood is selected for the manufacture of its elements. For rafters, a beam is needed with a size of 100 ÷ 150 × 50 ÷ 60 mm.

Coniferous wood is light in weight, which is beneficial for the entire construction of a house, since a heavy rafter system, creating a lot of pressure on the walls, can lead to their damage and destruction.

Another advantage of coniferous material for the construction of the base for the roof is a high percentage of resinousness in its structure, which means an increased ability to withstand atmospheric moisture.

For the manufacture of elements of the rafter system, it must meet certain requirements that directly affect the durability of the entire structure:

The wood for the installation of the rafter system must be seasoned, which eliminates the risk of deformation in the structure.
The moisture content of the wood should be no more than 2-2.5%.
If a hanging rafter system is arranged, then for the puffs and the rafters themselves, they must take only wood of the first grade.
When building a layered system, the second grade of material is also suitable.
For retaining elements - struts and struts, you can also use the third grade of wood grain, however, trying to choose the raw material with the minimum number of knots.
The exact thickness of the blanks is selected depending on the weight of the selected roofing material and on the weather conditions in the region. This is especially true of the maximum thickness of the snow cover in winter period... For example, for the middle zone of Russian regions, it is necessary to calculate the load for 1 sq..m. roofs 180 ÷ 200 kg.
In addition, the parameters of the rafter legs depend on the overall dimensions of the rafter system and its slope.
Before installing the system, the wood must be subjected to antifungal and fire protection treatment.

When installing the structure, you need to know and types of loads to which the entire roof system is exposed - they are also taken into account when choosing the parameters of the rafters and installing the structure.

Temporary loads are the weight of a person at repair work roofs, snow cover in winter and the strength of wind gusts.
Special types of loads include seismic impact if the structure is located in earthquake-prone regions.

General structure of the rafter system

The most widespread the rafter system is in the shape of a triangle and is intended for arrangement. It includes several triangular elements, consisting of two rafter legs and auxiliary supports, and ties. Each such triangular structure is called a rafter. The triangular elements of the system are located at a certain distance from each other, and most often it is from 50 to 80 cm.

This shape has become traditional, as it creates the best rigidity and reliability of the structure. It can end at the level of the walls or be continued for the installation of overhangs, which can have a length of 40 centimeters or more. Sometimes the rafters ending on the walls are built up with additional bars - "filly".

So, as mentioned above, the rafters are one triangular section, which includes:

Two rafter legs, connected on a ridge bar, or without using it, directly to one another.
The braces or rafter legs are struts that support the rafter leg and relieve the load that falls on it. They rest against the bed and are fixed to it.
Racks or vertical supports, consisting of bars. They, like the struts, support the rafter leg, but closer to the center of the triangle. The stand is installed on a bed.
A crossbar is a board that holds two rafter legs together.
The scrum is two crossbars fixed on both sides of the rafter leg. It performs the same task as the transom - it gives the structure rigidity.
The headstock is a vertical bar, which is a retaining bar and is installed in the middle of the triangle, resting against the floor beam and supporting the ridge. This part is used in hanging rafter systems.
Run - they connect separate rafters in common system... They are parallel to the wall.
Puffs are floor beams that connect the rafter legs, closing the rafter triangle.
- a powerful beam installed on the upper end of the wall structure, to which the elements of the rafter system are subsequently attached.

There are three types of truss systems - layered, hanging and combined, i.e. including elements of both one and the other.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is used to bridge structures without internal main walls. The rafter legs are laid on the Mauerlat, fixed to the load-bearing walls.

Since a large system falls on such a system, which is transmitted to the load-bearing walls, the following additional elements are used to relieve this stress:

Tightening, simultaneously performing the role of floor beams. It can be used with a span of up to 6 meters. If the span is greater, then it is raised higher along the rafter leg, and in the lower part, the triangle is also closed with a floor beam.
The headstock supporting the ridge must be installed if the span between the load-bearing walls is more than eight meters.
Braces coming from the headstock at an angle and supporting the rafter legs.
Help that strengthens the rafter leg.
A ridge bar is required in this system.

All elements are fastened together with metal corners, brackets or twisted with screws.

Nasal system

The overhead system is more stable and reliable, thanks to additional supports in the form of capital partitions inside the building. Their presence makes it possible to make in attic additional room.

When making such a decision, the racks in the rafter system are installed closer to load-bearing walls freeing up space.

In this system, the rafter legs are installed on the Mauerlat, which is fixed to the side load-bearing walls. For the reliability of the installation, special grooves are cut out in the rafter legs, and the elements are fastened together with brackets.

A ridge beam in this system is desirable if a large span is formed between the bearing walls, and it is planned to arrange a living room in the attic. The same applies to the puffs, which in this case are fixed at the level of the ceiling of the future room.

You also need to know that the Mauerlat must be very securely fixed to the wall with pins extending 350 ÷ 400 mm deep into the wall, since a large weight and dynamic load from the entire rafter system falls on it.

If it is assumed that the main walls of the building can give a slight shrinkage, then the lower parts of the rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with sliding fasteners, which enable the element to take the desired position without harming either the walls or the entire rafter system.

Video: device of the gable roof truss system

Prices for various types of timber

Installation of the truss structure

Having prepared suitable material and having a project of the roof structure, you can proceed with its installation.

Gable roof

On the load-bearing walls, Mauerlat bars are fixed on a pre-laid waterproofing material - roofing material, and the rafter installation is marked on them. It is very important to make the markings on both sides of the installation in the same way, otherwise the rafters will be skewed.

The first rafters are adjusted and rigidly fastened directly at the height, so as not to make mistakes in the fastenings and in the cuts for installation on.
Then, they are lowered down, and all other rafters are made according to the first sample. On the ground, it is much easier and safer to fit all structural elements to each other and make reliable fastenings.
When sawing bars for rafters, it is necessary to leave a small margin, i.e. make them a little longer than required to be able to fit in place.
To make it easier to navigate, exposing the first rafters, take a beam, the length of which is equal to the distance between the outer edges of the walls - this will be the base or hypotenuse of the future triangle.
The middle of the bar is determined, and a perpendicular board is temporarily nailed to it, having a height from the front wall of the structure to skate - tops equilateral triangle.
Then, laid out and secured sides - legs triangle, they are also rafter legs.

If a hanging rafter system is selected, then the puffs are immediately marked and secured.
If it is supposed to install additional fasteners, then they are fixed already in place, after installing the rafters on the roof.
Further, first, the first rafters are raised and temporarily installed. On each of them, places are marked where rectangular selections will be made to fix them on the Mauerlat.
Then, the rafters are lowered down again, and grooves with a right angle are cut out on them.

According to the first pair, taking it as a sample, the same grooves are measured and cut out on the remaining rafters.
Further, two triangles rise to the walls, which are installed at the beginning and end of the future. If a ridge bar is provided, then both installed parts are immediately connected with it.

Video: how the rafters are attached to the Mauerlat

On each slope, cords are pulled between the already mounted rafters, which will also serve as guidelines for aligning the rest of the structure.
The first installed rafters are immediately reinforced with racks, struts and other elements of the system that give rigidity and reliability to the structure.
Further, the rest of the rafter pairs are raised and installed.
If necessary, they are tied together with girders and beds.
When installing the rafter system, all its elements are fixed temporarily, since it may later be necessary to adjust and reinstall some of them. They are firmly attached only after the entire system has been aligned. Then angles, brackets, and, if necessary, sliding elements are used for fastenings. Self-tapping screws, nails, bolts, staples and pins are used in different joints.

If necessary, the rafters can be lengthened by "filly"

After the system is basically installed, the rafters can be "filly" on the overhangs - this is done so that the walls of the building are as much as possible sheltered from moisture when it rains.
The next stage of work is the device of the sheathing on top of the rafters. The thickness and width of the boards for this part of the structure are selected taking into account the installation technology of the selected material for the roof - this will depend on the width, weight and length of its sheets.

Video: installation of the gable roof truss system

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Single slope systems

It is generally accepted that the lean-to system is used only when constructing the roof of garages, sheds, gazebos and other non-residential buildings, but this is not at all the case. Such a roof also perfectly serves to cover residential buildings, and it is even possible to arrange an additional warm room under it, if the slope of the structure is correctly calculated.

A gable system can be considered as half of a gable roof, but with some deviations. For example, if, when installing a gable roof, the gable part is the width of the structure, then with a gable roof, its length.

The pediment can be raised from bricks or wooden beams and boards. Its height will depend on the selected roof slope. The pediment of the roof is raised high if an additional room is arranged under it.

Rafters in this system are easier to lay, but if the distance between the walls is large enough, then it is still necessary to install additional supporting elements for rigidity.

To correctly determine the desired slope angle, you need to rely on the following factors:

Snow cover thickness in winter and average rainfall at other times of the year.
The weight of the roof covering, which is planned to cover the rafter system.
Temporary loads, in the form of wind gusts.

The angle of this type of roof can vary from 5 to 45, and sometimes buildings with an angle of even 60 degrees are found.

Installation of a single-slope version is carried out on site, i.e. at a height, since the gable and back wall buildings.

If the slope of the roof in a one-story mansion is not too great, then the rafters can be extended forward from the front or back of the house. This is done in order to arrange a veranda or terrace under the roof.

Attic systems

The most complex in execution - mansard roof systems

If the project immediately envisages making the attic of the house a residential one, then you can choose one of two roof structures. The choice will depend on the desired attic area and ceiling height. It can be a gable with a high ridge or a sloping mansard roof.

Gable roof

In order to arrange an additional room under the pitched roof, the space must be free of various additional fasteners. Therefore, you will have to get by with the minimum number of them.

Racks and tightenings will be mandatory in this design - they will also perform the functions of the crate, on which it will be attached finishing material walls and ceiling of the created room.

But in this case, it is very important for the floor beams to use massive bars that will calmly withstand the mass of the rafter system with insulation and roofing material, plus all the load given by the pieces of furniture that will be installed in the room. In addition, it is necessary to mount the floor beams at a small distance from each other, which should not exceed 50 ÷ 60 cm, but in order for the walls of the building to withstand the entire load without problems, they must be sufficiently massive and durable.

The installation of the system takes place in the same sequence as for the gable roof.

Mansard "broken" construction

The mansard structure of the roof of the house is more complex than the usual gable, but its advantage is that the living area that is obtained as a result of its installation will be much larger, and the ceiling will be higher.

An approximate diagram of an attic "broken" system

This type of roof is called broken, since the system consists of two parts, in each of which the rafters are located at a different angle.

Side rafters can be positioned at an angle of 30 or 45 degrees from the vertical - this is the most common option for their installation.

The top is fixed at an angle that can vary from 5 to 30 degrees from the horizon.

In the attic structure, both rafter systems can be used. It is preferable to arrange the lower rafters according to the layered system, but if there are no capital partitions in the building, then the hanging one can also be used. In the latter case, the beams attic floor, as well as rafters, should be installed at a distance of no more than 50-60 cm from each other. It should be noted that the walls must be well strengthened, since the load on them will be quite serious, much more significant than with a gable roof.

The beginning of the construction of the lower rafter system begins with the installation of racks secured with straps from above, and from below with floor beams. The distance between the rack systems will be the width of the room, and their height determines the height of the room.

Start of installation - installation of two rows of racks

This framework will determine the placement of the rest of the system.
Next, you need to find the middle of the distance between the rows of racks, and this will determine location in the upper part of the attic. At this point, a vertical beam is installed, the same height as the system of racks.

Then, the side rafters are installed, they are fixed to the strapping of the rack and beam overlapping, thus, triangles are obtained in which the rack and beam overlappings form a right angle.
When all the side elements are installed, they begin to install the floor beams, they are also attached to the strapping bar and the end of the side rafter. A diagram of this bundle is shown in the first figure in this section.
Further, the floor beams are connected by a horizontal rail, which is stuffed on top of them, in the middle of the structure.
Ridge rafters are installed, which are supported by struts. They are attached to the rail connecting the floor beams.

On the ridge, the rafter legs can be fixed on the ridge board or connected with a metal or wooden plate to each other
Sometimes, for the rigidity of the structure, a supporting headstock is installed between the ridge and the floor beam.

A crate of gable walls with openings for windows is made. If the entrance is from the street, then on one of the pediments, in addition, an opening for the door is provided.

Further, if necessary, the entire rafter system is sheathed with crate or plywood, if a soft roof is chosen as the roofing material, for example, shingles.

Video: an example of installing a truss attic system

To equip the rafter system is not at all simply, and you cannot cope with this work alone - at least two assistants are required. It is desirable that at least one of the invited craftsmen has some experience in this area of construction.

Gable roof - the best option for an inexperienced builder, which can be done by hand. It is simple in execution, but at the same time it is reliable and can withstand significant loads from both wind and precipitation. She, of course, is not very beautiful, but on the baths it looks quite organic.

To do everything consciously, you need to understand the structure of the gable roof and the purpose of all its elements. Let's start in order.

Mauerlat

It is a large block attached to the load-bearing walls around the perimeter of the building. It is this element that accounts for most of the load from the roof. And it is the Mauerlat that transfers it to the load-bearing walls.

For this element, square bars with a size of 100 * 100 mm or 150 * 150 mm are used. They are connected to the walls with embedded pins. If the bath is wooden, then the upper crown usually serves as a mauerlat. For all other types of walls, a belt is made of reinforced concrete, into which studs are embedded. Then the bar of the selected section is "put on" on the studs and attracted by the nuts. Sometimes it is additionally secured with long pins.

Since the thickness of the walls is often greater than the width of the Mauerlat, the timber can be laid with bricks from the outside. This will make the system more reliable. Only the wood needs to be wrapped in two layers of roofing material - to protect it from moisture and decay.

Rafter legs and ridge

The ridge is horizontal wooden block located at the top of the roof and connecting the two slopes. The rafter legs or rafters rest on it and on the Mauerlat. Since the ridge has a fairly large load, it needs to be made of a considerable section and choose solid wood.

The height of the roof ridge is determined based on the slope of the roof and the width of the building. The slope angle of the roof is a value that depends on climatic factors: if there is a lot of snow in winter, then you need to make the slopes steeper. Snow will come off them well. If there are strong winds in the region, the high roof will experience heavy loads and can be damaged.

For average conditions, the optimal roof slope angle is about 35 ° -45 °. They will not be heavily loaded by the wind, and the snow will not be too stale. In addition, with this angle, you can choose any type of roofing: and any of the tiles, soft roof, slate, metal tiles.

Also remember, the higher the ridge is raised (the steeper the slopes), the larger the roof area will be. And this will lead to the fact that the cost of buying roofing materials and the amount of work will be large.

Knowing the angle of the slope and the width of your bath, you can calculate the height of the roof ridge. To do this, the width of the building must be divided by two (if the ridge is in the middle, and not shifted to one side or the other) and multiplied by the slope tangent (the first formula in the figure). In order not to look for the necessary coefficient in mathematical tables, it is written out and summarized in a simple table.

Roof slope angle	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
Tg A (calculation of the ridge height)	0,08	0,17	0,26	0,36	0,47	0,59	0,76	0,86	1	1,22	1,45	1,78
Sin A (calculation of the length of the rafters)	0,09	0,17	0,26	0,34	0,42	0,5	0,57	0,64	0,71	0,77	0,82	0,87

Multiply half the width of the house by this factor. Get the skate height for your sauna. For example, the width of the bath is 4 meters, the angle is 35 °. We consider: 4 m / 2 * 0.76 = 1.52 m - the height of the ridge from the overlap.

Now about the rafter legs. They are made from blocks of pine or spruce, and better - larch. Section 50 * 150 mm or 50 * 100 mm. The choice of the thickness of the bars depends on:

The length of the rafter leg is also calculated by mathematical formula: The height of the skate is divided by the sine of the inclination angle (second formula in the figure). The sines of the tilt angles are also in the table. Find the value you want and count. For example, for the ridge we found 1.52 m and an angle of inclination of 35 °, the rafters will need 1.52 m / 0.57 = 2.67 m.

Roof overhang and filly

But the roof doesn't end exactly over load-bearing wall... It extends beyond the walls by about 40 cm. This ledge is called a roof overhang. This is done so that the water flows away from the foundation, does not undermine it. Therefore, the rafter legs are taken longer. If their length is not enough, they are grown with boards, which are called "filly".

To organize the overhang of the roof, boards are added to the rafters - filly

Types of truss systems

Rafter systems are available with hanging or layered rafter legs. Hanging ones rest only on the outer walls of the building (on the Mauerlat or the upper crown). In order to increase the reliability of the system, so as not to collapse the walls, they are connected with puffs (also called a lintel or crossbar). This type of truss system is suitable for buildings with a small width (less than 10 m) and in cases where there is no load-bearing wall running in the middle.

Two types of rafter systems - with hanging and layered rafters

The second type of system is with layered rafters. They rely on a ridge beam and a Mauerlat, but the load from the roof is also distributed to the middle load-bearing wall, through vertical beams - purlins, which are installed with the same pitch as the rafters and rest on the lower tightening.

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters of a gable roof

For most of the baths, the system is made with hanging rafter legs - the dimensions allow this. In this case, less lumber consumption and less time is required for its arrangement. Most of the work can be transferred to the ground.

They make one triangle from the rafters according to all the rules and sizes. Try it on, and then make the required number of exact copies. Finished rafters with ties and crossbars, fastened and measured, are lifted to the roof. There they are exposed strictly vertically in designated places and fixed to the Mauerlat and the ridge.

See the video for an example of how you can make a gable roof with hanging rafters.

With a roof slope length of more than 4.5 meters, to increase the reliability of the system, vertical posts are installed, which support the rafter leg with one end, and rest against the floor beam with the other. This is done regardless of the type of installation of rafters: both on hanging and on layered ones. They also install slopes that make the structure even more rigid.

In any case, the rafters will need to be attached to the ridge beam, as well as to the Mauerlat. The figure below shows the options for attaching to the ridge.

You will also need to attach the rafters to the Mauerlat. How this can be done - see the photo below.

Sheathing device

Making a gable roof with your own hands ends with a sheathing device for roofing material. To do this, by outside the rafters are rolled out a waterproofing film or membrane. Lay it horizontally. They start from the bottom, moving up. The second and all subsequent rows are laid with an overlap of at least 15-20 cm. Fasten with small nails or staples from a staple gun.

After installing the rafter system, a film or waterproofing membrane is fixed on it, and on top - a crate

There are two ways - with or without counter-crate. The counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafters, and on top there are already bars of the sheathing. This creates an air gap between the waterproofing and the roofing material. This option is better from the point of view that such a roof will dry out better and faster. And this is very important for the baths.

Without counter-lattice, the bars are packed directly over the waterproofing. There is also a gap here, but it is smaller, therefore, ventilation will be worse. But this option is also acceptable: less consumption of materials and work, too.

After making the lathing, it remains only to fix the selected roofing material.

Outcomes

Now you know how to do gable roof do it yourself. Of all the types, this is the simplest option that a layman can make.

You will be able to build a reliable house if you build a high-quality roof for it. To do this, choose a good project, calculate how many materials will be needed for the construction of one or another part of the house. Fastening the rafters of your gable roof do it on your conscience.

Do not forget that you will need to make high-quality waterproofing throughout the house and on the roof, insulate your home. Roofing material choose the best one you can afford. For each type of roof, the rafters are made in their own way.

There is no need to build as you see fit. There are certain proven technologies for building houses. Study the instructions, buy the necessary materials and start on your own or with assistants to the construction of your home.

For example, according to the norms, the rafter system is considered reliable when it can withstand a pressure of 200 kg per m2. First, decide what kind of roof you will make over the house, and then study the features of installing rafters for it.

In this article

How to give strength to the rafter system?

Ideal when you have built a country cottage with your own hands. You can choose the project of the house and the layout of the rooms as you like. You will personally choose and order high-quality material and take part in all stages of construction, and then the arrangement of your home. In such a house, where every corner is familiar, it will be pleasant to live.

About rafter legs

A large load falls on the rafters - the severity of the roof. They must be of high quality, reliable and well attached.

The layered rafters include the following materials:

Beds;
Rafter legs;
Racks;
Braces.

Rafter legs are of medium thickness bars. They are installed along the slopes. It is the rafters that keep the roof from deflection in one place or another. The weight of the roofing is also distributed to other parts of the roof.

Structures are made layered when there are too large girders between the posts located vertically. When you are given a project, then the step between the rafters will already be calculated there. The fastening of rafters on a gable roof must be such that the roof remains strong after installation and serves for a long time. There are struts that support the roof in the same way.

Types of rafters

The rafters are included in the roof frame and can be on their own. characteristics oblique and hanging. Let's take a closer look at each type:

The layered ones have supports under 2 heels and they are reliable. The fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat is such that the lower end abuts against the Mauerlat or the upper crown of the frame located on the ceiling. The lower one can rest on another rafter located in the girder. This beam is horizontal and lies under the ridge. In the first case, the rafter system is spacer, in the second, it is non-spacer.
Hanging rafters with their top rest against one another. And the bottom is located on another beam, which is called a puff. It connects the heels located below the 2 rafter legs. It turns out a triangle, which is called a rafter truss. Due to the tightening, there is no strong stretching of the materials. This means that the load on the walls will only go from top to bottom. This design of rafters is called a spacer. Its advantage is that it does not create additional stress on the walls of the house.

When you purchase beams for rafters, do not be too lazy to drive up to the warehouse. The tree should be mature, not wet, even and chipped, with no signs of mold or a bug. Buy only high-quality material, discard the bad. Then treat the bars with an antiseptic composition so that they do not become moldy or spoiled by insects.

We fix the roof bars

The beds serve as a support for the bars and so the girder is supported. The rafter's legs will rest against the Mauerlat with one of the ends, and with the second against the girders. They are attached to the latter.

The struts are made so that the rafter legs become even more stable.

Make sure that the connections between the parts are strong and secure. Attach parts to each other:

Insert method;
Nails;
Anchor bolts;
Self-tapping screws are used.

Fastening methods

When you just start roofing, you need to attach the Mauerlat around the perimeter of your walls. What it is? A large bar, it is attached to the load-bearing walls of the house using anchor bolts. Mauerlat is the basis for roof rafters.

Before assembling the truss, you must carefully trim all planks with beams and bars. They are cut obliquely.

At the top, where the base of the Mauerlat is, the rafters need to be fastened end-to-end using screws. Do you want to avoid cracks? Drill a hole slightly smaller than the screw itself.

The most popular wood slings. They are preferred by the overwhelming majority of those under construction. The material is lightweight but durable. Both an experienced builder and a beginner who decided to build a house on their own can work with him.

We install the rafters on the gable roof ourselves

Many people make such a design when the rafter legs hang down. The system is good for both home and sauna. Some work can be done on the ground, and then lift the bonded material to the installation site. There is relatively little lumber for such a structure, which will allow you to save money.

1 triangle of rafters is required, which is made according to precise dimensions and adhering to the rules. The made rafters, which will have well-measured and fastened crossbars with ties, are pulled to the roof. Here they need to be placed in certain places vertically and very evenly. Attach them to the ridge with a Mauerlat.

If the slopes at the roof are longer than 4.5 m, then in order for the system to be stable and more reliable, you need to install the racks in a vertical position. One end of them will support the rafter leg, 2 will rest directly on the beam located on the ceiling.

Do this and it doesn't matter what kind of rafters you installed: layered or hanging. When slopes are added to the structure, it becomes stiffer. Do not forget that the rafters are most often attached to a ridge beam with a Mauerlat. A reliable gable house will come out.

How to avoid additional payments?

Entrust a professional to create a project at home. He will tell you what diameter in the section the beams are needed, the length of the slats and other details. After all, the specialist knows that the roof is supported by the rafter system. It is under the greatest load and needs correct calculations, high-quality building materials.

It is better not to ask advice from such housebuilders as yourself. Yes, they built their house, but how sturdy is it? Not known.

It is best to contact a familiar foreman and ask him good advice... After all, he owns the documentation. There are clear norms for the permissible load per 1 m2, which must be adhered to when building a house. The documentation states what kind of load is given and what material can handle it.

Take a notebook with a pen to the meeting with the foreman and immediately write down his advice. So, you will definitely not forget anything, you will not mix it up. Build as he competently recommends.

For gable roofs, most owners make rafters from wood. Choose the one that has matured. Now handle it carefully so that mold does not start, the bug cannot undermine it.

When assembling the structure, make sure that the angle between the strut with the struts is no more than 45 degrees. Timber beams must be cut obliquely so that the construction truss tilts at an angle of 40 degrees.

The rafters can be attached to each other not only with brackets, but also with corners. Purchase metal corners of a suitable size to attach the rafters to the Mauerlat. The latter in any part must be strong and reliable. Parts of the system can be connected together with nails with cutouts, corners with screws, and other devices.

When you build a roof, do not fuss. Everything needs to be done soundly and thoroughly. Even wooden frame houses cost at least 50 years, and log cabins for 100.

Your task is to adhere to technologies, not to make mistakes anywhere, so that the roof does not warp after a year or 5. Consult with craftsmen and experienced comrades who have already made roofs for themselves or to order and are building a roof little by little.

Rafter system- "skeleton" of any roofing structure. The reliability, quality and durability of the roof made directly depends on the correctness of its manufacture and installation. If desired, you can cope with the arrangement of the rafter system yourself. Do you want to know how? Check out the following guide!

There are layered and hanging rafter systems. According to statistics, layered structures are most often used. When arranging such a system, they run into the Mauerlat. The function of the central part is performed by a simple ridge run. To increase the strength of the system, support beams are installed.

In the case of hanging rafters, the structure of the system is completed with additional posts, which contribute to the optimal distribution of the load over the entire area of the roof structure.

Take an extra pair of nails and fix the angle set between the planks. At this point, the template is ready. Additionally, fix it with a crossbar. To ensure that the set slope angle of the roof slope does not change under the influence of loads, fasten the crossbar with self-tapping screws.

Be extremely careful when creating your template. Even due to the slightest deviations, the entire structure can deteriorate.

Next, we make a new template for preparing mounting cuts on the system elements. Use 0.5cm plywood. Use a 2.5cm plank for reinforcement. Select the dimensions of the grooves taking into account the cross-section of the used rafters.

Through ready-made templates make cuts and start assembling the farm.

Video - Gable roof rafter system

Truss assembly order

The structure includes support legs and connecting components. The farm resembles a triangle. Perform the work in the specified sequence, and the finished structure will be able to adequately transfer all incoming

The farm can be done on the ground with a further rise upward or directly on the roof. The first option is simpler and easier to carry out.

We collect the truss in the following order. First, we cut the prepared material to the desired size, join the bars with the upper edges and fasten them with screws. To prevent the appearance of cracks in the bonding points, we pre-drill holes in the bars with a diameter of a little smaller fasteners.

We also use a crossbar to connect the rafter legs. We fix it half a meter below the upper attachment point of the elements. The crossbars will help to increase the rigidity of the structure and eliminate the risk of deflection. We fasten the crossbar in the recesses, previously equipped in the rafters by means of cutting.

If necessary, the rafters are cut at an angle, if this is required by the features of the roof structure being equipped.

Installing a truss truss

We install roof trusses in the following sequence:

we mount extreme farms;
we fix the central trusses.

When installing extreme farms, we adhere to the following important rules:

After the installation of the extreme trusses is completed, we proceed to fixing the central and subsequent structures, if their placement is provided for by the project. The optimal pitch for installing trusses is 100 cm.

To secure the central rafter triangle, we use temporary jibs. After the visor is installed, the jibs can be removed. The recommendations for fixing the central and other trusses are the same as in the case of the extreme structures.

After installing all the structural elements, we proceed to fixing the lathing and further arranging the roofing system: moisture, heat and vapor insulation, as well as the installation of the selected finish coating.

Happy work!

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Fasteners for rafters

Video - Do it yourself rafters. Shed roof

Video - Hip roof. Rafter system

Did you like the article? Share it

Print article