Installation of funnels on a soft roof. Funnel of internal drainage system for arranging a flat roof Features of the installation work

Today, buildings with a flat roof, customary for industrial and multi-storey buildings, are increasingly found in private housing construction. Such a roof makes it possible to obtain additional areas for arranging a terrace, sports field, pool, garden. In order to protect the roofing from moisture damage, it is important to provide effective system to drain melt and rainwater, take care of correct installation and heating of water intake funnels.

The choice of the drainage system

There are two types of gutter systems for flat roofs:

Traditional (requires installation a large number funnels, water flows through the pipes of the system by gravity).
Gravitational-vacuum (characterized by high throughput with a minimum number of communications).

Traditional indoor gutter... For its effective functioning, it is necessary to correctly perform the sloping of the roof, while the funnels are mounted at the lowest points. The number of water receivers depends on the size of the roof. The water intake elements are connected with pipes to a vertical drain pipe, through which water from the roof enters the sewer. It is important to install horizontal piping elements with a slope to ensure free drainage of water by gravity.

Gravitational vacuum system... For more than 30 years it has been actively used in many countries of Europe and the world due to its high economy and efficiency. The principle of operation is based on the fact that a vacuum environment arises in a system equipped with a siphon, due to which water is sucked from the surface and moves through the pipes at high speed. The advantages of the system include:

the stream has a high speed;
simplified installation (fewer funnels and communications are required, pipes can not be installed at a slope, since water moves through them under air pressure);
light weight (does not create additional impact on the roofing system);
cost-effectiveness (funnels and pipes of a smaller diameter are used in comparison with the traditional system without loss of performance);
the ability to self-clean (the throughput of the system does not change over time).

For comparison: the funnel of a vacuum system with a horizontal outlet of 75 mm in one second is capable of passing up to 15 liters of liquid. To ensure the same throughput of a traditional gutter, you will need to install a 200 mm horizontal outlet funnel.

In case of heavy rainfall, a large volume of water can accumulate on a flat roof, which the drainage system will not cope with. To avoid the collapse of structures due to excessive load, it is required to equip a special additional drain - a storm drain. It can also act as the main drain when the latter is clogged.

Drainage funnel selection

Funnels for the arrangement of internal drainage are made of polymers, metal or a combination of materials. When choosing a product, it is important to consider the type of material that is used as the roof decking. Metal funnels are used for installation on roofs covered with sheet metal. Polymer products are suitable for mounting on soft roof.

Funnel for flat roof can be round or rectangular, horizontal or vertical release... The choice depends on the installation site and the characteristics of the roof. Products differ in design, but in any case, it is possible to rigidly attach the funnel to the base of the roof and provide reliable waterproofing of the attachment point.

The funnels with metal flange are clamped using stainless steel fasteners. Funnels with a polymer flange equipped with a sealing collar are glued.

The drainage system must be protected from clogging. To prevent large debris from entering the drain, the funnels are equipped with protective covers or nets. Products with slotted flat lids are used on maintenance roofs. The covers are capable of supporting a person's weight. If you intend to create a "green" roof, it is best to use funnels with a leaf filter in the form of a mesh hood.

The principle of placing water intakes

Water receivers must be installed at the lowest points of the roof. It must be evenly distributed over the surface. To exclude the formation of stagnant puddles on the roof, the slope of the surface towards the funnel should be at least 2%, while at a distance of about half a meter to the drain funnel, the slope should be increased to at least 5%. Changing the slope is provided by leveling the screed or reducing the thermal insulation layer.

The calculation of the number of water receivers is carried out as follows: each funnel should have no more than 200 sq. m of surface, the distance between the funnels is at least 50 cm. The minimum pipe diameter is 10 cm. Despite the size of the roof, at least two funnels, or one funnel and a storm drain, must be installed on it. This will avoid flooding when the water intake becomes clogged.

When calculating the number of water receivers and their parameters, the intensity and frequency of precipitation in a given region are taken into account.

Internal drainage system design: installation of funnels

First option... The most practical in operation are composite funnels, the body of which consists of two parts. Due to a certain dynamic reserve, such funnels, in contrast to rigid structures, compensate for the movements of the insulation.

The device of the water receiver begins with the installation of the lower part of the composite funnel into the prepared passage hole cut in the roof ceiling. The lower part is inserted into the downpipe, and the fasteners should not be rigid in order to avoid damage to the communications due to temperature deformations.

The outer part of the funnel for creating an internal drain is installed from above, passing through the roof carpet and a layer of insulation, it is inserted into the lower part. An O-ring is provided between the funnel parts. The plastic apron of the upper part must be laid on the lower lining layer of roofing material. An additional backing layer is mounted on top of it and a bituminous apron is fused as the next waterproofing layer. On top of the apron, an outer layer of roofing material is mounted, which is inserted into the funnel bowl and fixed with a clamping ring and stainless steel fasteners. At the last stage of the device, a protective grid is installed on the funnel.

Second option... The device of a water receiver with a pressure flange is performed in several stages. It is recommended to attach the funnel not to the insulation, but to wooden blocks of a suitable section, securely fixed to the base of the roof. The funnel is tightly installed in the hole (it must be rigidly fixed), a rubber-bitumen gasket is installed between the flat side of the funnel and the clamping flange, which is placed under the roof carpet. At the next stage of the device, the metal clamping flange is fixed with special stainless steel fasteners. Holes are provided in the flange, gasket and funnel rim for mounting fasteners. At the end of the installation, the cover is fixed.

The principle of the construction of the inlet funnels depends on the configuration of the product and the type of roofing. When installing, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Heating water receivers

Drains in cold climates need to be heated in winter to prevent ice plugs from forming in the branch pipe and adjacent sections of the horizontal piping. The freezing depth reaches one and a half meters, therefore, it is recommended to provide heating for these elements of the drainage system.

Freezing of water in nozzles and pipes leads to flooding of the roof surface during thaws and melting of snow, since ice hidden from the sun's rays surrounded by a thermal insulator (a layer of insulation in the roofing cake) will melt last.

Today, flat roof outlets are on sale, already equipped with a built-in heating system. But by themselves, they will not solve the problem: ice plug in this case it will build up outside. Of course, it will melt faster than the internal one, but it can also create a serious problem by shutting off the flow of water into the drain.

For the water drainage system to function properly all year round, equip the platform heating system around the funnel using a self-regulating heating cable for the roof. In this case, the likelihood of blockage of the drain with ice is excluded.

Flat roofing, as a rule, is performed on industrial buildings and on residential multi-storey buildings. Also, recently, this type of roof structure has become popular in the construction of buildings in the private sector. This is due to the fact that additional areas appear that can be used for various purposes (sports ground, garden, pool, and so on).

On flat surfaces, it is necessary to provide a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable.

It should be noted that here it is necessary to provide for a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable. At the same time, it will be useful to know how to correctly install the main elements of this device, which are gutters for flat roofs.

Types of gutter systems for flat roofs

For roofs without a slope, drainage systems can be performed, which can be conditionally divided into the following types:

Traditional gutter - the building is riddled with big amount pipes, a large number of funnels are used. Gravitational-vacuum system - at the same bandwidth, used several times less material.

Traditional gutters. The installation of the system is carried out on special projections or directly on the roof overhangs, which are located low. In this case, the drain is installed in special channels - recesses, which are provided when laying the roof. In the event that the drainage device is performed below the level of the roof overhang, it is recommended to use gutters and rectangular pipes, while fastening is carried out with vertically arranged brackets. The drain elements must adjoin the channels through the holes that are made in the protrusion. Roofing funnels are installed in the lowest places (slope 3%), their number is provided based on the calculation of one copy per 25 m length. All these elements must be connected to one common drain pipe with a slope. In addition, additional emergency funnels must be completed. It can be noted that in this case, both external and internal drainage of precipitation can be used, of course, depending on climatic conditions... The first option is recommended in regions with mild weather conditions, while the last solution is optimal at low temperatures.
Gravitational vacuum systems. This design was invented over 30 years ago in the northern country of Scandinavia and is now widely used throughout Europe and other countries. The principle of operation of this device for removing water from the roof is based on the ejection ability (entrainment of another medium behind itself, in this case air) of the liquid in the pipe system. In this case, the gaseous masses in the riser first move upward, however, when water enters the pipes and its further downward movement under the influence of gravity, a reverse motion of the air layer is observed. Here a vacuum environment arises, and moisture is completely entrained at high speed through the pipes into the collector. Moreover, the slope is not required to be provided, since the water moves under the pressure of air masses.

Several advantages of this system can also be noted, such as high flow rate, the possibility of using narrow pipes, self-cleaning of the structure, low weight of the device, small volume of earthworks, fewer water receivers, and others. For comparison, we give the following information: roof outlets of the vacuum system (horizontal outlet 75 mm) can let through up to 15 liters of liquid in 1 s, while in a traditional gutter installation, to achieve this effect, it is necessary to install elements with an outlet of about 200 mm.

Flat roof drains

Flat roof drainage system.

It can be noted that drainage elements are produced from various materials (metal, plastic, combined and others). The selection of these products should be carried out in accordance with the raw materials of the roof. In other words, if the roof is metal, the gutters should be made of a similar material, while for soft types of roofs, it is recommended to use devices for removing moisture from polymer compounds.

As a rule, the most simple construction funnel (water receiver) has a wide rim for receiving water, a glass and a cap. In this case, the drain funnels must meet the following requirements:

the connection of this element with the insulating layer of the roof covering must be airtight and reliable; it is recommended to glue the waterproofing layer of the roofing on the side of the funnel;
the funnel cover must be removable, and the glass can form a single device with the device;
the cap must be well (tightly) fixed to the intended place of the system;
to protect against the ingress of debris into the internal structure of the funnel, they must have a safety umbrella (filter).

As a rule, the simplest design of the funnel has a wide rim for receiving water, a glass and a cap.

It can be noted that for flat roofs it is recommended to use funnels with a horizontal side (outlet). Moreover, there are several types of these devices, which differ depending on the type of material from which the flange is made. It can be a bituminous part, rubberized, based on vinyl, or universal made of PVC or aluminum. Funnels with a vertical outlet can also be used to organize drainage for flat roofs.

The choice of this element and the component part - the flange - depends on what materials are used to cover the roof, this should be taken into account when purchasing parts. In addition, you need to pay attention to whether an ice crust will form around the funnels, in this case it is better to install heating cables. Self-adjusting devices and devices that automatically regulate the operation of such devices are commercially available for these purposes. They have built-in temperature and humidity sensors with device controllers.

Installation of funnels on flat roofs

When installing the main drainage elements on flat roofs, it is useful to consider the following points:

The location of the funnels on a flat roof

The roof surface is conventionally divided into sections of regular geometric shape. In this case, the number of parts is calculated as follows: one funnel must be installed on an area of not more than 200 m 2, and the size of the pipe must be at least 10 cm in diameter.
The location of the receiving elements should be provided in such a way that they most effectively remove water from the coating. This can be achieved by bringing the most possible slope of at least 2% to them during roofing work.
Regardless of the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe roofing, the number of water receivers must be at least 2, or provide a storm drain and one drainage device.
When attaching the funnel, it is better to provide some free space for the receiver to move relative to the pipe.
If the roof waterproofing consists of two layers, then a device for receiving water is installed between them. For single-layer insulation, an additional flap of similar material is used (at least 1 m 2).
To connect the flange, heated bitumen or the fusion method with PVC roofing can be used;
For additional fastening, water receivers can be mounted on roofs using screws and special mechanical connections.

Scheme of cutting and gluing fabric or non-woven fabric when pasting and sealing the drain funnel: 1 - fabric panel, 2 - breakdown axis, 3 - fabric roll, 4 - pressure ring.

It should be noted that the installation process of the funnel (water receiver) differs depending on the type of this element and the type of roof covering. However, in quality useful information you can give the order of work on the installation of this part on a soft roof:

Laying the bottom layer of the "carpet" of the roof.
Cut a hole in this layer equal to the diameter of the flange.
Removing the film (if any) from the roofing material, where the water receiver will be installed, by firing with a burner.
Treatment of the installation site with hot bitumen.
Installing a funnel.
Securing the top layer of roofing material (by fusing or gluing with hot mastic). In this case, the burner flame can be used for a short time.
Installing a leaf filter.

Depending on the type of funnels and their throughput, their number is selected, in addition, installation work also depends on this factor.

Flat roof gutters: installation highlights

During the construction of buildings, a drainage system is performed. It is useful to know how to properly install flat roof drains.

Flat roof gutters: installation and heating

Today, buildings with a flat roof, usual for industrial and multi-storey buildings, are increasingly found in private housing construction. Such a roof makes it possible to obtain additional areas for arranging a terrace, sports field, pool, garden. In order to protect the roofing from destruction by moisture, it is important to provide an effective system for the drainage of melt and rainwater, to take care of the correct installation and heating of the water inlet funnels.

The choice of the drainage system

There are two types of gutter systems for flat roofs:

Traditional (requires the installation of a large number of funnels, water flows through the pipes of the system by gravity).
Gravitational-vacuum (characterized by high throughput with a minimum number of communications).

the stream has a high speed;
simplified installation (fewer funnels and communications are required, pipes can not be installed at a slope, since water moves through them under air pressure);
light weight (does not create additional impact on the roofing system);
cost-effectiveness (funnels and pipes of a smaller diameter are used in comparison with the traditional system without loss of performance);
the ability to self-clean (the throughput of the system does not change over time).

In case of heavy rainfall, a large volume of water can accumulate on a flat roof, which the drainage system will not cope with. To avoid the collapse of structures due to excessive load, it is required to equip a special additional drain - a storm drain. It can also act as the main drain when the latter is clogged.

Drainage funnel selection

The flat roof outlet can be round or rectangular, with a horizontal or vertical outlet. The choice depends on the installation site and the characteristics of the roof. Products differ in design, but in any case, it is possible to rigidly attach the funnel to the base of the roof and provide reliable waterproofing of the attachment point.

The funnels with metal flange are clamped using stainless steel fasteners. Funnels with a polymer flange equipped with a sealing collar are glued.

The principle of placing water intakes

When calculating the number of water receivers and their parameters, the intensity and frequency of precipitation in a given region are taken into account.

Internal drainage system design: installation of funnels

Second option... The device of a water receiver with a pressure flange is performed in several stages. It is recommended to fix the funnel not to the insulation, but to wooden blocks of a suitable section, securely fixed to the base of the roof. The funnel is tightly installed in the hole (it must be rigidly fixed), a rubber-bitumen gasket is installed between the flat side of the funnel and the clamping flange, which is placed under the roof carpet. At the next stage of the device, the metal clamping flange is fixed with special stainless steel fasteners. Holes are provided in the flange, gasket and funnel rim for mounting fasteners. At the end of the installation, the cover is fixed.

The principle of the construction of the inlet funnels depends on the configuration of the product and the type of roofing. During installation, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Heating water receivers

Today, flat roof outlets are on sale, already equipped with a built-in heating system. But by themselves, they will not solve the problem: the ice plug in this case will build up outside. Of course, it will melt faster than the internal one, but it can also create a serious problem by shutting off the flow of water into the drain.

In order for the water drainage system to function properly all year round, equip the site heating system around the funnel with a self-regulating heating cable for the roof. In this case, the likelihood of blockage of the drain with ice is excluded..

A competent arrangement of water receivers, properly organized heating and regular cleaning of funnels from debris, prompt repair of elements of the drainage system, if necessary, will help to protect the roofing cake of a flat roof from the negative effects of moisture.

Flat roof drain funnel, internal drain device

The device and types of drainage funnel for a flat roof. The nuances of installation and heating when arranging an internal drain on a flat roof.

Flat roof gutters

Drainage systems are divided into open and closed. Open is what we see on most pitched roofs: a gutter runs along the perimeter of the roof, from which water flows into the funnel of the pipe, further down the pipe: into the drainage system, into the collector, just at a certain distance from the facade (so as not to undermine the basement and seep to the foundation).

Closed ones are used on flat roofs. Here, the angle of inclination of the roof is insufficient for the water to drain into the gutter. Moreover, flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet, through which water, in principle, cannot get out of the roof. In this case, flat roof gutters are used. Through them, rain and melt water enters the riser that runs inside the house.

The funnels are installed at the bottom of the flat roof (flat roof also has a slight slope). I will talk a little about these funnels, installation and selection features.

Why flat roof drains are needed

Without a drain device, water will stagnate on the roof. There is nothing good in this: water gradually destroys the coating, penetrates into the thickness of the roofing cake, spoils the insulation, seeps through the ceiling into the house.

If there is no parapet, and the flat roof has a noticeable slope (up to 10 degrees), the roof outlets can be replaced by an external system, gutter + pipe.

Or the most unfortunate option: a knot of unorganized drainage from a flat roof. Its only advantage is savings in purchase and installation costs. Everything else is bad: an unorganized spillway erodes the soil near the basement, penetrates to the foundation. Streams of water over front door- also not a very pleasant thing.

note

In the presence of a solid parapet, any external drainage systems are not considered in principle.

Device and types

The funnel consists of a wide rim, a cap and a glass.

The systems themselves are divided into two large groups:

Traditional. There are many pipes in the house, there are also many funnels. The systems are mounted on overhangs or special projections located on roof depressions with a slope of 3 degrees. When using such a system, funnels are placed every 25 meters. All of them are connected to one riser.

Gravitational vacuum. The principle of operation is the ejection effect, in this case, the ability of one medium to drag along the other. When a vacuum is formed in the riser, water under the pressure of air masses is drawn into the riser at high speed.

note

Calculation of gutters on a flat roof

Funnels are installed on the basis of one piece per 150-200 square meters, but not less than two pieces per roof. Those. for small house 10 by 10 will require two, for 15 by 15 also two, for a roof of more than 300 squares - three, etc.

Features of selection and installation

The materials for making funnels are plastic and metal. When choosing, they usually proceed from what material the roof is covered with:

If it is a folded or metal-profile roof, then the funnels are chosen from metal;
For bitumen and polymer coatings, polymer funnels are preferred.

Installation requirements:

The connection of the funnel to the roof must be perfectly sealed. It is recommended to lay additional pieces of waterproofing at the joints. Moreover, the insulation should be glued directly to the side of the funnel;
If there are two waterproofing layers on the roof, the edges of the funnel are placed between them;
The funnel must be equipped with a removable cover and protected by an umbrella from dirt;
The cap should be secured well;
In order to avoid freezing of water in the riser, it is necessary to heat the gutters on the flat roof;

note

Who manufactures gutters and at what price

Flat roof gutters TechnoNIKOL. Diameter 110, 90, 160. With compression flange, with leaf catcher, with and without heating. The cost is from 300 rubles to 4.5 thousand.

SK TUOTE OY (Finland). Diameter from 7.5 to 16 centimeters, price from 800 to 4 thousand rubles.

"Tekhnoresurs" (RF). Diameter 11-16. The cost of funnels with a leaf catcher, heated and unheated from 400 rubles to 4 thousand.

Mounting internal system drainage is orders of magnitude more difficult than installing gutters and pipes from the facade. This task cannot be done without the appropriate equipment and qualifications.

Flat roof gutters: calculation, heating, price

Flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet through which water cannot enter outside the roof. In this case, flat roof gutters are used.

Excess rain, melt water on the roof surface, or its accumulation due to improperly equipped drainage, negatively affects the stability of any building, as well as its operational period. If water flows naturally from pitched roof structures with a certain slope, then flat roofs require a competent arrangement of the drainage system. A similar issue provides an opportunity to solve gutters for flat roofs. In this case, it is important to choose the right products, to determine their sufficient number.

In this article

Drainage funnel options

For the production of TechnoNIKOL roof outlets installed on a flat roof, copper, galvanized steel, polyvinyl chloride can be used. Copper products are less popular, as they are not suitable for all types of roofing and are quite expensive. Most often, inexpensive galvanized steel funnels are used. Polyvinyl chloride copies are perfect for soft tiles, ondulin, shinglas.

There are the following gutter designs roof outlets:

Flat... The element of the drainage system is mounted at the level of the roof surface, it is used for exploited roofs, on which asphalt or tile material is used as a covering.
Bell-type... These products received this name because of the special protective mesh (leaf catcher) used for them, made in the form of a cap and rising above the roofing surface. This version of the drain funnel, in addition to fulfilling its main task, additionally protects the system from clogging with various debris.
Heated... The flat roof funnel is equipped with a heat cable, thanks to which in winter period it is heated, accordingly the formation of ice is prevented, and the melt water flows freely down the drainage system.
With horizontal, vertical outlet.

All of the listed types of TechnoNIKOL gutters can be purchased on the construction market in specialized stores.

Drainage funnel device

On the modern construction market, the most various options drainage fittings differing structurally, material of manufacture, quality, respectively price.

A standard drainage system consists of the following components:

frame made of galvanized steel, plastic or cast iron;
lattice- filter element (leaf catcher), preventing contamination of the system;
intake pipe- connects the fitting and the downpipe;
gaskets, o-rings- elements of sealing at the junction of the funnel with the roof surface;
thermal cable- an additional structural element that prevents the formation of ice in the system, respectively, providing an effective drainage of melt water in the winter season.

Important! Roof drainage system, including gutters, must be periodically cleaned so that an unexpected downpour does not lead to a violation of the roof structure.

Tips for installing flat roof gutters

When arranging a water intake system on a flat roof, it is recommended to consider the following points:

It is recommended to conditionally divide the roofing surface into identical sections. To effectively drain water from the roof, one flat roof drainage funnel is designed for an area whose area should not exceed 200 m 2, and the diameter of the drainpipe should not be less than 10 cm.
When placing the receiving components of the water intake system for the most efficient removal of water, the slope of the roof surface towards them should be at least 2 percent.
When fixing water intake funnel to be able to move the receiver relative to the intake pipe, it is recommended to provide some free space.
Receivers, regardless of the roof area, must be at least two or one water intake and a separate storm drain.
If the waterproofing material is laid in two layers, then a water receiver is mounted between them. If one layer of waterproofing is used, then a piece of insulation from a similar material is additionally applied, the area of which must be at least one square.
For flange connection it is recommended to use heated bitumen;
For better fixation on the roof of the water intakes, you can additionally use specialized mechanical connections.

What can be a roof drain? Let's find out together what kind of roof gutters exist, what they are made of and what technical requirements are presented for installation. And finally, I will show you how to install a flat roof funnel in 3 versions.

Funnel types and technical requirements

In general, there are 2 types of funnels - for an inclined (pitched) roof and for a flat roof:

Inlet funnel for pitched roof built into the gutter system. According to the rules, with a gutter width of 100 mm, 1 drain is placed for every 10 m of the gutter. The technology of arrangement there is simple, the funnel is either screwed to the frontal board with self-tapping screws, or clings directly to the gutter;

The flat roof outlet is usually built into the roofs of multi-storey buildings and large hangars. You can install it yourself, but the technology is much more complicated.

A flat roof is called conventionally. In any case, there is a small slope there (at least 3%, maximum 10%), it is needed so that the water flows down exactly to the place where the funnel is installed.

What are water intakes made of

PVC. In the public sector, plastic "reigns". Installing plastic water intakes is easiest, they just stick to the base. But these products break easily from external loads, it is worth stepping on and the funnel will crack;
Metal plums- the most durable and reliable, but they also have a decent price, it is the metal that is placed on open terraces and inhabited roofs. Most often they are made of stainless steel, but there are also cast-iron models, however, they can only be mounted on reinforced concrete floors;
Combined models - the base is made of metal, and the insides and superstructure are plastic. Combined plums are the "golden mean", they are durable, reliable and not as expensive as stainless steel.

Technical requirements

Installation of gutters is regulated by GOST 25336-82. If we highlight the main theses of this document, then the main parameters are the throughput of the funnels and their number per m2.

As for the quantity, on average, 1 drain funnel with a pipe diameter of at least 100 mm is installed on an average of 200 m² of the roof, but about the throughput it is worth mentioning separately.

There are 2 types of hidden roofing water intake - traditional and vacuum:

In traditional water intakes water flows down by gravity, so the diameter of the pipes in them is larger (from 100 mm);
For vacuum systems pipes are needed in half. The water intake funnel is two-level here and this allows you to fill the pipe completely, as a result, a vacuum arises and water leaves several times faster. If you had to drain fuel from the tank of the machine with a hose, then you will understand the operation of this system.

Three installation options for flat roof outlets

Roof drains are different, respectively, and they are installed in different ways, we will start with the most progressive installation of a funnel for a siphon or vacuum drainage system at the moment.

Option number 1. Funnel for vacuum drain

One of the leaders in this direction is the Geberit Pluvia company, so we will consider how the water inlet funnel for a flat roof of this particular company is installed.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Sectional design. This funnel is initially based on an insert, in the photo on the left the insert is shown with an arrow. First, we need to cut a square niche in the concrete floor according to the dimensions of the insert.
	We fix the base: We put the lower part of the structure in a niche on construction glue; We turn the metal cover on the insert so that the holes are above the floor slab; We drill holes for dowels in concrete with a perforator;
	We insert the dowel-nails and hammer them in with a hammer.
	Installation of the structure. The set includes a rubber gasket, this gasket is placed on the studs;
	Then we roll out the soft roofing material over our funnel and cut out the holes for the studs with a mounting knife;
	We put the fixing ring on the studs and tighten the nuts around the perimeter; By the way, the nuts are not tightened in a circle, but on the contrary, that is, having tightened one nut, go to the one that stands opposite (on the opposite side of the circle).
	Do not tighten the nuts too much, the main thing here is that the "ribs" of the gasket are tightly joined with adjacent surfaces;
	Carefully cut out the roof covering from the drain funnel.
	We mount the cap: The hood consists of 3 parts, the side mesh is installed first. There are 2 ears for mounting the mesh on the base, arrows point to them;
	Further, the main protection of the cap is installed. There are also 2 hooks for fixing on this plate, the plate is simply pressed until it clicks;
	The top cover is also fastened with latches.

Option number 2. Simpler doesn't mean worse

A siphon roof funnel is often installed in new buildings; it makes no sense to install it in old houses, because besides the funnel itself, pipes must also be laid according to a special scheme.

For the old gravity roofing system, there is a proven grandfather's method:

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Carving a niche. This instruction is similar to the previous one, but it is simpler. A niche is cut out around the technological hole; in most old houses this niche, as a rule, is already there.
	We mount the base: The drain funnel is taken for a simple gravity system. There is no platform on it, so we plant the platform directly on concrete, more precisely on building glue "Emaco S88";
	We heat the cuffs of the funnel and once again coat the perimeter with glue.
	Apply a bituminous primer.
	We fix the structure: After that, in 2 layers, first along the niche, and then over the entire roof area, a soft roof "TechnoNIKOL" is laid; Then we fasten the fixing ring to the studs and cut out the center;
	Now all that remains is to insert the leaf mesh. Everything is simple here: take the mesh and insert it until it clicks.

Option number 3. Light roof gutter

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Without a competent organization of the drainage system, a flat roof will quickly need unscheduled repairs. Stagnation of rain and melt water on the surface will gradually erode the protective outer layer of the coating. As a result, the exposed base will rapidly collapse from the zealously attacking sun's rays. When frozen, water crystals will easily rupture the material.

Prevent and prevent negative impacts can a properly constructed flat roof drain. The rules and principles of the device so important system water disposal should be carefully examined by the owner, who cares about the effective and long service of suburban property.

The purpose of the construction of a flat roof drainage system is to fully organize the drainage of rain and melt water from a surface that is sensitive to their action. It is obliged to act effectively all year round without the formation of dusty blockages, ice and deciduous traffic jams.

Regardless of the thermometer readings and the amount of precipitation, the drain must receive and promptly convey the liquid substance into the sewer, into a container for collecting rainwater, or banally into the ground.

Classification of sediment drainage systems

In order for the transportation of water to take place without hindrances and obstacles, you should know exactly which type of system to choose for arranging suburban property:

Outdoor unorganized... Assuming spontaneous dripping atmospheric water... They are used for arranging small outbuildings with a height of no more than two floors.
Outdoor organized... Prospective collection of water using gutters or gutters, coupled with funnels, with subsequent transfer to the drainpipe. The system is laid along the eaves and outside load-bearing walls. It is used in the arrangement of residential and non-residential buildings, mainly low-rise, but the scheme is permissible for organizing drainage from the roofs of houses with a height of up to five floors.
Interior... According to this, the water intake is carried out by drainage funnels specially designed for flat roofs, built into the roofing system. Water drainage is carried out through risers located inside the treated building.

Outdoor drainage systems work well in the southern regions, where the water in the pipes freezes extremely rarely or does not freeze at all during the entire cold period. For areas of the domestic temperate climatic zone, external gutters are recommended exclusively for attic structures.

On roofs without an attic, the snow will melt almost without interruption throughout the winter, because the ceiling is constantly heated by the heat coming from the inside. Melted water entering cold pipelines will form ice jams.

If a flat roof has an attic, then the process of snow melting can be regulated. By opening the dormer windows, the temperature on the roof can be significantly reduced, due to which the snow will melt much more slowly or stop altogether.

In the northern regions, there is a threat of rupture of the coating during a sharp cold snap. A blockage may form in the pipes, preventing the flow of water remaining on the roof. The crystallizing liquid noticeably increases in volume, which leads to damage to the roof that has absorbed it. Therefore, in the northern and temperate domestic latitudes, only non-residential ones are equipped with external drains, i.e. unheated buildings and buildings with a projected reduced temperature.

Cold storage facilities, for example, are equipped with a remote reinforced concrete plate with a rim and a drainpipe. The impressive area of such a structure helps to equalize the temperatures of the system and the environment, thanks to which ice plugs are not formed.

Residential buildings with flat roofs, built in areas of the northern and temperate strip, are equipped with gutters internal type... The construction is more expensive, but it works flawlessly all year round. Risers located inside buildings are constantly heated by internal heat, which prevents ice blockages in the pipelines. In southern latitudes, gutters of the outdoor variety are in the lead.

Structural components of gutters

The device of external and internal gutters has a lot in common. Each system built for flat roofs includes elements that are similar in purpose and design, these are:

Inlet funnels and gutters, designed to receive wastewater and transfer them to the drainage main.
Uprights, providing at the receiving points the maximum speed of water flow due to the forces of gravity.
Downpipes required for the removal of atmospheric precipitation to the objects of unloading.

The main guideline for the design of the drainage system is the minimum length of the main line from the points of water intake to the points of unloading the system. The shortest and cheapest outdoor option includes a riser with a funnel or trench at the top and a short outlet at the bottom.

The outlet is placed at a slight angle at a distance of 20 - 45 cm from the surface above the storm sewer or just above the blind area protected from erosion. However, insurmountable circumstances often interfere with equipping a house with a drain of such a scheme: the absence drainage system, weak soils, an old foundation, the proximity of which to water is undesirable.

If it is impossible to lay the smallest highway, they look for other ways to drain water: an above-ground or underground pipeline is taken from the riser, leading to the most convenient place of unloading.

The scheme with a pipeline is unconditionally used in the construction of flat roofs with an internal drain, because the system is definitely obliged to transport water outside the building.

Specificity of slope formation

To stimulate the independent flow of water in the required direction, slopes of 1-2% are formed on flat roofs:

To organize an external type of gutter, the entire plane must be inclined towards the installation site of the gutter. Most often this is the back wall of the building.
To organize the flow of water according to the internal scheme, a slope is created to the place where the water intake funnel is installed. It is formed according to the envelope principle so that around each water intake point there is a depression in a radius of 50 cm.

The inlet funnels of internal drainage systems can be installed not only in the central area of the roof, but also near outer wall, at a distance of at least 60cm from it. Therefore, the envelope scheme of the tilt device has quite a lot of different options.

In any case, the inclined plane should be directed towards the water intake. And if several funnels are installed on the roof, a kind of "watershed" should be created between them - a miniature semblance of a mountain ridge, the slopes of which direct the flow of water in the direction of the nearest funnel.

To solve the problem of forming slopes, there are several methods proven in practice:

Tilt device during construction by installing the floor at the required angle.
Backfill of expanded clay in the form of a wedge-shaped layer, followed by pouring a cement-sand screed.
Organization of the slope by laying wedge-shaped plates of mineral wool insulation.

The slope of large-sized planes is carried out using special, angle-forming metal structures. In private construction, they are rarely used.

Rules for the construction of internal drainage

As it should be for any facility under construction, the drainage system of a private house must be calculated and designed in advance. It is necessary to choose in advance the shortest possible path for laying the pipeline and provide for the most convenient place to connect it to the storm sewer.

The organization of internal gutters is subject to various. They are arranged on roofs with and without attics, exploited and unexploited categories. Taking into account the planning specifics of the house, an independent designer needs to take into account that:

It is customary to place downpipes in the area of stairwells near walls, columns, partitions. It is desirable near living quarters for spontaneous heating during cold periods of the year. Milling of risers into the walls is strictly prohibited. Can be installed in grooves, shafts, boxes. It is recommended to place them in closets or similar utility compartments.
When organizing a drainage system for an unheated building, it is necessary to provide for methods of artificial heating of funnels and risers. To increase the temperature of the outer elements of the flat roof, install an electric heating cable or install risers next to the steam heating.
A flat roof with an attic is best equipped with a pipeline that runs within the attic space. It is performed in the form of a suspended network. To ensure drainage, the horizontal pipe sections of the suspension system are installed at an inclination of 0.005. Those. for each running meter of the pipe, there must be a 5mm drop in the direction of the spillway.
When laying overhead pipelines, the drainage section in the attic area must be insulated.
If the suspension system devices are not possible, underground laying pipeline. There are no regulations on the angle of inclination of underground branches. The main thing is to provide a connection to the storm sewer. True, the underground scheme is much more expensive, much more inconvenient in terms of control and production. renovation works... In addition, its implementation may be hampered by a too strong foundation.
When designing, bends should be avoided whenever possible.
The stand at a distance of about one meter from the surface of the earth should be equipped with a revision for cleaning.

In fact, a flat roof gutter should be organized like a standard spillway system: with inspection chambers, revisions, etc. In the construction of a suspended drainage pipeline, ceramic, plastic, cast iron, asbestos-cement pipes are used that can withstand the pressure in case of blockages.

For laying underground parts pipes made of the same materials, but without hydrostatic requirements. Long steel tubing is used only at production facilities with characteristic manifestations of vibration.

According to the technological requirements, one drainage funnel can receive atmospheric drains from a roof of up to 1200m², the distance between adjacent water intakes must be at least 60m. Agree, the designated scale for low-rise construction is not very typical. In short, there should be at least one funnel on the roof of a small private house.

It will be necessary to increase the number of water intake devices if:

The roof area exceeds the limits specified by GOST.
The house is divided into sections. Then each compartment should be equipped with its own funnel.
Within one roof structure, there are elements separated by parapets, expansion joints or expansion joints. Each sector of such a roof should have two water intakes.

Drainage funnels are produced for operated and unexploited flat roofs, for combined structures and systems with attic space. There are models used in the arrangement of bitumen-coated concrete floors and wooden counterparts covered. For all options used in construction, water inlets are made of cast iron, ceramics, galvanized steel, polymers.

Water intake devices are produced in various standard sizes. The standard design consists of the funnel itself with wide sides and a removable hood with openings for water flow.

More sophisticated representatives of the class of roof outlets are equipped in addition with an umbrella that protects the drain from clogging, a removable glass and a clamping ring designed to clamp the edges of the soft cover in the device. All models must be serviceable and cleanable.

Regardless of the funnel model and the purpose of the building, equal requirements are imposed on all water intakes:

The catchment bowls are rigidly attached to coverings or structural decks. For fixing, clamps are used in an amount of at least two pieces.
After installation, the funnel must ensure the tightness of the roof at the installation site.
The pipes of the funnels are connected to the risers with the help of expansion joints, which allow maintaining the tightness of the joints during shrinkage of building structures.
The funnels are connected to the suspended systems with shaped taps.
The water intake bowl is installed below the level of the finishing roof to eliminate the possibility of stagnant water. Inlet caps on unexploited roofs have a rounded shape in plan, they usually rise above the covering. The roofs of the service roof funnels are installed flush with the coating, in plan they are most often square to make it easier to lay tiles around the device.

To increase the sealing and reliability in the area of intersection of the funnel of the roof structure, the use of thermal insulation is allowed. Conventional roofing systems are equipped with single-level roof outlets.

And the roofs, built with the help of mechanical fasteners, are equipped with two-level water intakes, which ensure the collection of water above the waterproofing and above the vapor barrier.

It is customary to equip roof structures with a polymer membrane coating with water intakes with a polymer clamping flange, which is glued or welded to the roof.

The construction of outdoor varieties of flat roof gutters is carried out in the southern regions. Their installation in residential and office buildings is recommended in areas with insignificant precipitation, the volume of which does not exceed 300 mm per year.

The class of outdoor drainage systems for rain and melt water includes:

Fugitive drains recommended for use in dry areas. According to the indicated scheme, water is discharged by gravity along the eaves.
Organized drainage recommended for equipping non-residential buildings in northern and temperate latitudes, residential buildings in southern regions with insignificant rainfall rates. The principle of operation consists in the systematic collection of sediments into an external drain funnel with guiding sides adjacent to it or into a gutter, followed by drainage into storm sewer or into the ground.

An ingenious solution to the external type system was proposed by zealous folk craftsmen. The idea is to include a sand filter for rainwater purification in the water supply network, which is installed after the water intake.

For unloading the drain and receiving purified water, containers are installed. This means, due to which the section for connecting the system to the sewage system is abolished. An interesting scheme makes it possible to advantageously solve two problems at once: to obtain drinking-quality water and to protect a flat roof from water stagnation.

An unorganized type of drainage system requires reinforcement of eaves. They must be upholstered with galvanized roofing steel, and then pasted over on top with two layers of roll roofing. Additional layers are overlapped.

Strengthening the overhang of a mastic flat roof is enhanced by analogy. Only instead of glued layers of bitumen or bitumen-polymer material, layers of mastic are applied, alternating them with reinforcing layers of fiberglass or geotextiles. The main layer of reinforcement with reinforcement must overlap the edge of the metal upholstery of the cornice.

Fixation of the external drain on the eaves of a flat roof is carried out according to traditional pattern... There are a lot of ready-made kits on sale with detailed instructions on assembling systems. First, brackets are attached to the frontal board, into which the gutter, assembled from plastic or metal modules, is simply placed.

In a place convenient for further transportation of water, a water intake funnel of the gutter with a branch pipe is installed, to which the riser is supplied. The pipe is fixed to the wall with brackets. The edges of the system are closed with plugs, and it is completed by installing a figured release.

Video instructions for installing gutters

A video will be introduced in detail with the principles of internal drainage systems and the specifics of their installation on a flat roof.

Assembly and installation of an external drainage system:

Flat roof slopes:

Installation of a water intake funnel for an internal drain

Information about the guidelines for choosing the optimal drainage system will help to competently equip the roof with reliable protection against the destructive action of water.

It is useful to know the technological principles of the device independent craftsmen and owners of suburban real estate who want to turn to the services of third-party contractors. A properly constructed drain will prevent damage to the coating and the destruction of building materials, it will serve for a long time without creating problems.

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