We will make a roof in a log house by professionals. The roof of a house made of rounded logs: the main options

Log house roof structure

Traditionally, for houses made of logs, several types of roofs are common in appearance and, as a result, in structure and construction. The main ones are - triangular gable roof, single-pitched roof, mansard "broken" frame roof, hip-roof, four-pitched hip and half-hip roofs. Let's take a closer look at them.

Triangular gable roof

The triangular gable roof of a log house is the most common, it is also the most stable in terms of geometry in relation to other types of roofs. A triangular roof can be with the correct proportional shape, or with a ridge offset to the side. In the photo below, as an illustrative example, log houses with a triangular gable roof are shown.

Shed roof

Shed roofs are less common on log houses and are less common and, as a rule, are made on small buildings and outbuildings, toilets, gazebos. Also, such a roof plan is common in sheds and garages, sometimes in log baths. Example shed roof can be seen in the photo below

Gable sloping roof

Gable "broken" mansard roof - from the word "with a break". This shape allows you to make a frame second floor in area, almost like the premises of the first floor. With a "sloping" roof, in contrast to a triangular, there is more clean living space - the second floor is complete. We also note that the device of such a roof will be more expensive, since it uses a larger amount of material in the formation of the frame and labor costs, in comparison with the traditional triangular gable. The surface area of the roof itself also increases, which somewhat increases the cost of the amount of material and the cost of covering the roof with roofing materials. In the photo below you can see an example of a log house with a "sloping" roof

Hipped roof

Hip roof - from the word "tent". The structure of such a roof shape is relatively complex, the largest amount of lumber is used during its formation, and the roof is also quite laborious, since almost every part of the hipped roof truss system and roofing materials is made and adjusted individually. As for the cost, such a roof is one of the most expensive. In the case of a hipped roof, all the edges of the roof converge at one central point. Examples of a hipped roof are shown in the photo below.

Hip roof

A hip roof is similar in design to a hipped roof, and in terms of the complexity of the rafter system, it also belongs to the class of complex roofs. The main difference between hip and hip roofs is that the ribs of the hip roof do not converge at one point. The middle part of the roof is triangular in shape for a third of the length of the house and then the roof diverges to the edges at corners from different points. Construction example hip roof shown in the photo below

If you have chosen a gable roof for your wooden house, then as the main material for its manufacture you will need a log, a bar. The whole process of erecting this structure can be divided into several stages and types. In this article, we will tell you what types of rafter systems are for a log house, as well as what roof schemes exist.

Nailless (male) roof

A nailless roof is a structure in which boards are laid on horizontally installed logs. The ends of the logs must be cut into the transverse logs that form the pediment.

In this case, the supporting structure is the end walls, "males", the place where the wall of the log house narrows. Logs, which are called slugs, are fastened in it by a notch method, and a roof is laid on them.

The logs from the longitudinal walls are hidden inside the house; about three of them are needed to work. For the upper part, as a rule, a large ridge log is used.

To make the roof structure more durable, you need to install a rafter leg. It is a triangular structure and is installed in the middle of the roof.

There is a more economical arrangement of the roof: the end walls are sewn up with hewn boards, and rafters are used to overlap the roof. Males in such a situation do not do, they install a crate of thin logs on them.

Types of truss systems

For the construction of a pitched roof, you can use hanging rafters and layered ones.

This design is the easiest to assemble and requires little material to manufacture. Due to the fact that the layered rafters are held due to the emphasis on the outer part of the walls, they exert pressure on the walls of the building. The pressure on the roof causes a bursting effect on the walls, and from this they diverge.

Roof rafter systems are used when roof spans do not exceed 6 meters. If the span is more than 6 m, another support is installed. If the building has a central load-bearing wall, this will be an added benefit.

Hanging truss systems

If roof spans are more than seven meters and additional supports are not provided, hanging rafters are used. This design does not put a load on the walls, the bursting effect is not noticeable. Tightening, which is installed in the middle rafter legs, reinforces the rafter.

Roof structure on males

The main supporting system in this type of roof is the end walls. Shallow recesses are made in the pediments, and logs are installed in them (slegi). Therefore, the male roof is in some way an extension of the wall, where the logs become shorter and shorter towards the top.

The structure of such a roof can be assembled on the ground. You need to start the process from the base, removed from the walls on temporary lining. The log house is not cut to its full height, but in parts, making the re-laying of the crowns. The advantage of this technique is that the structure can be adjusted on the ground.

From the logs of the males, which are fastened together with dowels, they form an end wall. This makes it possible to preserve the stability of the pediment. And using dowels, you can achieve additional thermal insulation. Since such a structure does not have a horizontal space, it is not entirely reliable.

In order to increase strength, you can connect poles with male logs:

by cutting "in the paw" in a place where the logs around the corner are not marked;
"In the paw with a grip";
by the felling method “into the root thorn”.

If the work is done incorrectly and of poor quality, the house will be purged. Therefore, if you do not have the relevant experience, knowledge, trust a specialist.

At what angle should the roof slopes be?

This issue can be solved using a plumb line nailed to the board and a cord that is attached in the middle of the board.

Raise the board so that the plumb line points to the center of the pediment. If you plan to build a roof with a different slope of the slopes, then the board needs to be moved to the corner, and the ends of the cord stretch towards the corners.

The board must be attached to the wall, the cords must be fixed in the corners. After that, you can already visualize the angles of the slopes. A similar procedure must be carried out with the second part of the pediment. Take advantage of the water level and be guided by the horizon set on the boards.

After the border of the slopes is marked, continue to install the gable logs.

Cutting the ridge log can be done in two ways: in the first, we cover the pediment with a log, and in the second, we cover the ridge log with a log of the male.

If you chose the first option, then the gaps that form at the top of the pediment can be closed with short male logs.

For the second option, experts advise using a crate made of thick and massive logs. This way you will be able to level and raise the roof slightly. The most important is the use of sheathing for a roof made of wood.

When erecting a roof, do not forget that its protrusion beyond the gables should not exceed 50 cm. In a situation where the extension is greater than this distance, you can strengthen the structure using a log with a large section.

Also, for strengthening, you can cut in 2 or 3 ridge slopes and create a step-shaped protrusion in this way. In this case, the presence of lower beds is not necessary; they can be replaced with short logs.

The lathing should lie flat. Since cut-in logs cannot be hewn, when cutting, do not forget to measure their end using a level. In order to check the flatness of the laying of the bed, you can run a flat board along the roof. If you find depressions, irregularities, compensate them with sawdust; eliminate humpbacks.

Roof structure with hanging rafters

The roof with hanging rafters is a triangular frame, the beams of which run through the entire structure.

The pressure that acts on the system is distributed over the entire area of the frame: the vertical pressure on the rafters has an expanding effect, and the legs, which are cut into the beams, transfer the pressure to the beam, this reduces the stress of the entire structure.

There is a drawback in the construction of a roof with hanging rafters - the bending of the beams. Since in such a situation there is no fulcrum for the bottom of the leg, experts suggest using a rafter system with a "headstock". In this system, you can use a material with a smaller section.

Ways of joining wooden parts

Different techniques are used to connect and dock building material. Depending on the type of construction, bolts, pins, dowels, nails, glue, staples are used.

Not only the reliability of the nodes, but also the stability of the entire structure depends on the dimensions of the plane at the place of joining of the elements.

With an increase in the contact area of the parts, the friction force increases. To complicate the nodal connection, instead of straight cuts on the uneven bars, make dovetail or paw locks. In such cuts, a force arises that prevents the separation of the wood elements.

The connection of large nodes can be done independently, using an ax, a saw. And it is better to entrust the connection of small, complex joints to professional carpenters.

Installation of rafters on a log house

Log roof rafter system: nailless (male) roof, layered rafters, hanging rafter systems.

Gable roof for a log house: analysis of construction options + technological subtleties

The construction of a roof over a log building is not an easy job, requiring from the master the skills of a skilled carpenter and knowledge of materials science. The contractor will need to first practice making connections. He is obliged to take into account the traditional shrinkage of the walls made of wood. In order for the gable roof to be built flawlessly, information is needed on the methods of its construction, including ancient roofing technologies. The information we offer will be useful and independent craftsmen, and service customers construction crews for meaningful control.

"Caverns" of wooden housing construction

The popularity of chopped baths, summer cottages, residential buildings is justified by the amazing atmosphere, returning to the national origins. Buildings made of natural wood are distinguished by excellent heating technology and attractive prices. A significant advantage is the ability to spontaneously pass excess vapors. One cannot but pay tribute to the solid environmental benefits.

However, the demanded natural building material has an impressive list of disadvantages. In addition to flammability and sensitivity to waterlogging, carpenters-builders and future owners must be concerned about:

Dimensional instability of wooden structures. Linear movements due to fluctuations in humidity with temperature will accompany the structure until the end of operation. In the early years, the elements wooden system move more actively, over time, "agility" decreases, but does not disappear.
Mandatory shrinkage, taking into account which it is not customary to equip log cabins for at least a year, is better than two or three years after assembling the crowns. After laying, the forest sags by an average of 10-20%, which must be taken into account when designing a house. Walls made of laminated veneer lumber will least of all sag, but its use will not completely eliminate the change in the height of the box.
The difference in the vector direction of shrinkage. An intensive change in dimensions occurs across the log, i.e. perpendicular to the fibers. Along the grain size scaffolding changes insignificantly: shrinkage along the length of the trunk should not even be taken into account.

Without taking into account the above circumstances, the wooden roof will surely "slide down". Gaps will appear between the foot of the house and the roofing system, allowing rain drops and melt water to pass through. Next, wood decay will begin, as a result of the complete destruction of not only the upper enclosing structure, but also the house as a whole.

Taking into account the specifics of the material is not enough for the competent construction of a roof made of wood. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with all possible ways construction in order to choose an option that is rational in terms of cost and effort. You need to understand what forces will act on the walls made of logs or beams, by what method you can extinguish their action.

Varieties of roofs with an angle for log cabins

Double-slope roofs match perfectly with chopped feet. Two steep sloping planes create the impression of a fabulous hut. The most suitable angle of inclination is 45º-60º, but variations in both directions have every right to exist.

A rival in the field of arranging log cabins for a gable structure can be a sloping roof, which has a similar or pentagonal sectional configuration. Gable roofs over log cabins can be insulated or cold, attic or attic. All types of roofing materials are applicable as a topcoat, including shingles and reeds.

In wooden construction, the old technologies of erecting roofs with an angle have been preserved and new methods have appeared that allow wood to move freely without the threat of destruction of the building. According to the method of construction, gable roofs of timber buildings are divided into two basic categories:

Roofs on males - on chopped and close-knit log gables. They complete the walls of the box at the ends, representing their natural continuation. The load-bearing parts of the roof structure are laid down, according to the "male" method, directly on the gables. A crate is laid on top for the installation of the finish coating.
Roofs with truss system. They are built in accordance with the regulations dictated by the standard technology for the construction of pitched roofs. Roof rafters are hanging and layered, rest on the floor beams or on the walls through the upper crown. The gables are banally sewn up with a board, due to which the construction budget is reduced by a couple with the effect of a chopped house.

In fact, roof manufacturers rarely follow a single technology. The rafter structure can be combined with the male system. The hanging truss can be installed in the middle of the male roof so that the sagging does not sag under its own weight, together with the roof and snow.

There are schemes that are generally difficult to categorize. their decisive design features can be classified in different ways.

For example, a ceiling beam of a log house, a mat or a translation, can play the role of a basis for installing layered rafters or perform a tightening function that unites the elements into a hanging triangle. The tightening of the truss can be moved higher, as suggested in another article describing the construction of a roof over a half-attic. There are a lot of options, but in order to understand the principle of their structure, you need to familiarize yourself with the classic schemes.

Rules for making a roof on males

It is a sin for male roof builders not to take advantage of the priceless advantage of chopped boxes. You can disassemble and assemble them many times like a children's designer. Therefore, the upper crowns are banally removed from their intended places and installed on a suitable flat area.

It is much more pleasant to work on firm ground without risk, you do not need to move around rickety forests and walkways. Under the crown, lining made of aspen chocks are installed. They mimic the previous rows of logs, so there are no complications with leveling to the horizon and adjusting the knots.

If we conditionally divide a log house into three horizontal parts, then the lower 2/3 will fall on the walls, and the upper third on the frame of the gable roof. In fact, this is a wedge-like converging top of a log house. They build it in almost the same way, but gradually reduce the width of the end walls so that the edges of the gables resemble stairs with steps. Instead of long logs falling on the walls of the box, they are laid down with a cut. They do not cut them into every row, but after two or three.

Males, after being raised to full height, are filed to form a clear triangular shape. Then a crate is mounted on the sled, roofing material on top.

The tops of the males are connected by a ridge sled, which can be laid in two different ways:

With the installation, lay down at the top of the male. In such cases, the log completing the pediment is cut into two edges. The stepped protrusions of the male are cut or cut into a triangle. At its top, there are uncovered areas that will need to be filled with short stacks.
With the overlap, lay down the male logs. According to this technology, the specified ridge beam is covered with male logs, shortening towards the top. At the same time, the legs are located below the line of future slopes. The lathing then has to be built from logs of impressive thickness in order to align the plane of the slopes with the borders of the gables. Instead of laths, you can install rafters, the thickness of which compensates for the lack of height in the plane formed by the slabs.

For the manufacture of light, take the most even logs Ø 18-20cm. They are fastened with simple cuts "in the paw" or complicated analogs "with an undercut" or "thorn". Because the edge of the pediment is heaved off or cut down, cuts with horizontal parts of the fastening units of the "in a frying pan" type do not fit. After all, part of the bearing element of the connection will be removed during processing.

The length of the slugs is obliged to form the gable overhang of the roof. Usually it is 0.5m. If it is decided to increase the width of the overhang, the legs are laid in pairs or three in each "step" of the male in order to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Upon completion of the construction of the roof frame, its geometry is checked by installing the board on an imaginary slope.

The bulges revealed by the board are chipping, the grooves are filled with wooden linings. However, experienced carpenters advise not to sew "patches", but rather to cut more.

The old masters did not use fasteners at all when making roofs on males. Structures of this kind are called roofs without nails. There were no gradually rusting rods in the body of the wood, therefore the structures served for more than one hundred years.

Combination came down with rafters

It happens that the construction of a traditional male roof is not possible. For example, as a result of the diligent squeezing of excess from the beds and males, cut joints can be badly damaged. In such situations, the classic version is simply supplemented with layered rafters from above. The need to squeeze the humps then automatically disappears. The final alignment is done along the upper edges of the rafter legs.

The manufacture of rafters is carried out according to a template with marks of cuttings and leg lengths. They chop them in a simple way with bowls. Accuracy of cutting the joints of rafters with slabs is not needed, on the contrary, the bowls should be 3-5 cm larger than the outline of the slabs. The log house will inevitably sink, losing height. The rafters will remain virtually the same size except for a few mm. The settling box will drag the bottom of the rafters with it, due to which the angle of connection between the bottom of the rafter and the upper crown will decrease. Those. the rafters resting on the upper logs or in the floor beams will gradually disperse.

A wide cut-out will provide a safe displacement of the rafters relatively lightly for the roof. There should be a gap between the tops of the rafter legs resting on the ridge beam. Moving apart at the bottom, at the top, the rafters will approach each other during the period of intense shrinkage. After shrinkage, the tops are connected with a wooden strip and / or a tightening installed just below. It is possible, without waiting for shrinkage, to connect them with a hinge assembly, which allows the wooden parts of the system to move without creating gaps between the box and the roof.

The lower heels of the rafters in the described scheme rest against the upper crown, which works as a mauerlat, or against the edges of the matrices - ceiling beams. The joints are made with cuts with a thorn, the eaves overhang is built up by fillets. So that the gable chopped roof is not demolished from the log house, the rafters are tied through one to the hairpins hammered into the second crown from the top with wire twists. In areas with high wind loads, each rafter leg must be tied. After active shrinkage of the wooden structure, the loosened twists should be tightened.

Two ramps with layered rafters

The scheme is similar to the previous type, only the legs are not needed at all. The name of the layered rafter legs is due to the fact that, top and bottom, they rely on independent supports. The lower heels rest on the upper crown, which serves as a Mauerlat, or on the ceiling beams. There are several options for supporting the top of the elements of the rafter system of a gable roof over a log house:

Ridge or princely sled, laid between males. The rafters laid on the top of the slope are not fastened or connected with a hinge for the reasons stated above.
Internal capital wall. There should also be a gap between the top of the rafters, because their edges rest on walls of different heights, therefore, with different shrinkage. There is no special sense in the device of males for such a roof, the gables are banally sheathed with a board.
Matrix-mounted support structure for the ridge girder. Males in this case, again, are not built. To compensate for shrinkage, the support posts are installed on screw adjusting devices, which allow, following a decrease in the height of the log house, to reduce the length of the support posts. earlier, instead of compensating devices, wooden linings were used, which were removed after shrinkage.

The eaves overhang of a layered roof over a log house is most often provided by sewn fillets. Although it can be formed by the extension of the rafter legs, if they are not fastened with notches, but with sliding fasteners. Sliding fasteners allow roofs to be erected over chopped feet without waiting for shrinkage.

Hanging diagram of the roof device

Hanging rafter legs are named for the fact that they seem to hang over the equipped box. They only have walls as lower supports, and the same part of the opposite rafter serves as the upper support. The lower heels are tied together, so that the hanging rafters become an equilateral triangle, also called a rafter arch or truss. The tightening "takes on the chest" the thrust, transmitted in the layered scheme to the walls.

Compensation of the thrust action by tightening is a significant plus of the hanging system. It was gladly borrowed by the builders of pitched roofs, trying to minimize the forces that push apart the walls of the house when the load on the slopes increases. The role of tightening can be successfully played by a ceiling beam. And then it really will not become clear whether the rafter frame of a gable roof will need to be attributed to the layered or hanging category.

The invaluable advantage of hanging systems is that for production with it is not necessary to climb up the roof rails of the log house. All rafter triangles in the pattern are perfectly rallied and adjusted in a safe environment.

In the list of minuses, the first place is occupied by restrictions on overlapped spans. Systems without a central support do not cover large-span buildings. When arranging a house up to 5 m wide, a simple rafter arch is used without additional parts that increase the rigidity of the structure. Tightens for spans of greater magnitude may bend from their own weight. To eliminate sagging in the center of the rafter triangle, a suspension head is installed.

To understand the essence of the construction of a hanging rafter system, consider the technology of installing arches over a small log house. The lower heels of the rafters will rest on the ceiling beams; we will strengthen the connection of the upper edges with a wooden lining and a screed. We will entrust the formation of the eaves overhang with fillets, we will entrust the duty of ensuring the rigidity of the structure to small supports. Males will not be raised. The gables created by the slopes after installation works we will sew it with a board.

To mark the lines of the slopes, find the centers of both ends and mark them on the upper rim. Focusing on the mark, we place the board vertically, any longitudinal edge of which will repeat the imaginary central axis. We equip both ends with boards, mark the height of the roof on them, using a water or laser level... A construction cord must be pulled between the boards, which marks the ridge line of the roof.

The procedure for installing a hanging roof:

We align the beams that extend beyond the foot. We hammer into the extreme beams along the nail according to the design dimensions, pull the cord, mark the excess, saw off with a chainsaw.
On the ceiling beams, we mark the location of the nests required for the installation of the rafter legs. Similarly, we hammer in nails, pull the lace and draw the groove lines for the future tooth on the rafter leg.
We make a truss truss template. We apply a board of suitable sizes with the lower edge to the first mat, the upper edge must be held so that the edge of the board lies under the lace that marks the ridge line. Where the board and the cord touch, put a mark and draw a line from it downward using a plumb line. On the mat, we draw a line of the lower cut and mark the location of the tooth on the rafter where the nest is marked on the beam.
We make rafters according to the template and assemble them on a flat area.
We transfer the rafter triangles to the roof and install them in place. We check the verticality with a plumb line and fasten it with temporary jibs.
On the matrices inside the log house, using a ruler, two nails and laces, mark the grooves for supports under the rafter legs. This procedure, it seems to me, is more convenient to do together with the marking of the nests.
We make supports by forming a thorn at their base. We mark the height of the support in fact, trying it on the rafter leg.
We install drains, the top of which is fastened with two wooden plates.
We select the grooves in the outer matrices for the installation of the fillies.
We sew on the extreme filly, we hammer nails into them, we stretch the cord between them.
We install intermediate filly along the cord, after the installation of which we form the overhangs with a wind board.

From the inside, the rafter triangles should be connected with diagonal wind ties. Outside, the rigidity of the structure will be supported by the crate, the type of which is selected according to the type of finish.

Those wishing to equip a warm roof between the rafters will need to install thermal insulation. Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafter legs in front of the sheathing device, regardless of whether the structure will be insulated.

Our examples and diagrams of gable roofs over log boxes will help you decide on the best option construction. Any of the basic versions can be modified and adapted to individual specifications. Information about the specifics of the device is useful both for those who are going to equip the property with their own hands, and for those who need to control the work.

In general, a gable roof for a log house is a widely used solution. This is a relatively simple installation, and no problems with snow in the cold season. In addition, almost all materials are suitable: both metal tiles and slate. The main thing is to accurately calculate and design everything. The most important thing is the correct calculation of the roof slope. From 20 to 60 degrees depending on the weather conditions in the region.

Log cabin of a gable roof: how to make a gable roof for a log house

In what ways can a gable roof be arranged on a log house, it is desirable to prefer a new or old technology for erecting a roof of a log house.

Methods for attaching rafters to a log house

After erecting the walls and waiting for six months to complete the shrinkage, you can proceed to the next stage of construction - installing the roofing system. For wooden houses and baths, a standard gable roof with a significant slope is most often chosen, on which snow will not accumulate. The rafters for the log house must be strong and correctly installed, the security of the walls and floors and the durability of the entire structure depend on the reliability of the roof. How to put rafters on a log house?

Installation options for the rafter system

Before installing the rafters, the ceiling beams must be installed. In the upper rim of the log house, it is necessary to make a technological hole, which is called a cut - a beam will be installed in it. In this case, the hole should not be through, so that the end of the ceiling beam does not suffer from the effects of atmospheric phenomena.

The distance between the beams depends on what material is supposed to be used for the ceiling, and on the options for using the attic or attic. The minimum recommended pitch is half a meter.

Installation of rafters on a log house can be carried out in two main ways:

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or a bath

The procedure for the construction of any building in general is quite simple. First, the foundation is laid, the walls are erected, the roof is mounted, and then the internal work is carried out. The topic of this article is to install rafters with your own hands on a log house.

We mount the ceiling beams

If you have a building made of a log or a bar, then the top 2 crowns when erecting walls do not need to be fixed before installing the ceiling beams. Special holes will be made in them, called "cuts" for laying beams. The dimensions of the cuts are determined by the dimensions of the ceiling beams, which, in turn, are preliminarily calculated for the expected loads. It is possible that a cut is not made into the upper rim, but in this case, if it is necessary to replace the ceiling beam, problems will arise, since you will have to remove the upper rim or saw off the damaged beam.

The cut-out for the ceiling beam must be "blind", ie. blind. This will help protect the end of the beam from weathering.

The required step for installing ceiling beams is calculated based on the expected loads and the material you use for this, the minimum step is 50 cm.

After installing the ceiling beams, you can think about how to install the rafters on your home or bath.

There are few ways to assemble rafters, or rather, only 2:

Collect roof trusses on the ground and lift them to the house ready-made.
Collect directly on the roof and lift the truss elements there.

The first method is good for relatively light structures that can be lifted by several people. The second is used for massive rafters, which are difficult to lift manually to the house. If you have the ability to lift the rafters with a crane, you can also collect heavy trusses on the ground.

We collect roof trusses on the ground

In previous articles, we talked about how various elements of roof trusses can be connected. In this article, we will consider a specific example of the assembly of hanging rafters with a crossbar for a 5x4 bath gable roof... We will put the rafters on the ground after assembly - this is more convenient.

Rafter legs are made of edged boards"Fifty" 10 cm wide. The crossbar and the tie are made of the same material. The length of the rafter legs is 280 cm. The tightening length is 440 cm. The crossbar is installed at a height of 50 cm from the ridge. Slope angles - 40 °. The assembly instructions are due to the design of the hanging rafters. The upper ends of the rafter legs rest against each other in the ridge, for this we saw off their ends so that the lower ends create an angle of 40 ° with a tightening (see photo). Saw off the lower ends at the desired angle too. You can fix it with bolts, pads, nails, etc., after calculating required amount for each node.

The crossbar gives additional rigidity to the rafters. To install it, we make a cut in the rafter leg to the width of the crossbar. At the ends of the crossbar, we make a tooth with a length equal to the width of the rafter, and with a thickness equal to the depth of the cut, on the rafter leg. We fix with screws, nails or other fixing materials.

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins with the extreme farms, so it is better to sheathe them immediately on the ground. To do this, after 40 cm on the rafters we fill the bars for fastening the sheathing, the material for the bars can be taken in the size 40x40 or 50x50. The planking boards should protrude beyond the tightening by a width of 2.5 cm or more so that water from the pediment does not flow onto the planking of the bathhouse. When the cornice is sheathed, this release will be hidden by its sheathing.

You can sheathe the pediment not vertically, but horizontally. Then the crate is stuffed vertically, tying the puff and rafter legs. Here, too, it is necessary to provide 2.5 cm for the outlet from the tightening side, for the same purposes as in the version of the vertical sheathing.

Installing assembled farms

After all the trusses are assembled, they must be sequentially raised to the roof.

The technology for installing rafters is as follows:

We lift and fix the extreme farms. To do this, we drill 2-3 holes in the tightening for attaching the rafters to the beams of the upper crown of the log house. We place a plumb line on the crossbar in the center to control the verticality of the truss.
If this is required by calculation, we install additional jibs. You can also temporarily secure trusses with jibs until the entire system is fully installed. After all trusses have been raised and installed, the jibs can be removed.
We install the central truss, also checking its verticality and securing, if necessary, additional elements.
We install the rest of the trusses in the same way as the central one.
We connect the trusses to each other using the crate. It can be made from a bar, edged or non-edged board, plywood, OSB - boards. The choice of material for the lathing is determined by the choice of the roofing material with which you are going to cover the roof.

In order to assemble the rafters on the roof in the same way, 4 people are needed. The rafter legs are connected in a horizontal position, and then they are lifted with the help of ropes and installed in place. In this option, difficulties may arise when installing intermediate trusses, since the already installed ones will interfere with their lifting.

As you can see, in the given example, the installation of trusses was carried out in the absence of a ridge run. If a ridge run is required for the roof, then it is no longer possible to assemble the rafters on the ground. In this case, they will have to be lifted to the roof disassembled and assembled at the installation site.

Assembling the roof rafters

If the project of your house provides for layered rafters, and not hanging, as in the previous example, then in order to mount them, you need an additional support. How to put the rafters correctly in this case? First you need to install a ridge run.

If the gables of your house are made of bricks or blocks, then the girder can be supported on them, while the ends of the girder should protrude beyond the gables so that the eaves can be arranged. The girders are usually made of logs or beams. The standard length of such a material is 6 m. Manually lifting such a log onto the roof of a house is quite problematic; most likely, a crane will be required. The gables must withstand the pressure of the girder, therefore they are performed using reinforced masonry. By the way, you can install the roof without rafters, only with the help of ridge and side girders. In this case, the lathing is stuffed onto the purlins. This method is applicable for a roof with a cold attic, if you plan to use the attic for housing, then keep in mind that in the attic the insulation should be able to ventilate, so you still have to use layered rafters.

For this type of rafters, the location of all elements in one plane is unimportant and the rafters can be laid on the ridge girder in turn.

Depending on the material and design loads, the rafters may have additional elements in the form of braces, struts, racks. We described the scheme of their fastening in previous articles. If, according to the project of your house, the pediments are not designed for the installation of a ridge run, it is mounted on several racks that are installed on a bed. In this case, the bed is first mounted, on it - the racks, then the ridge run, and only then - the layered rafters.

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or a bath: technology

Installation of rafters is possible in 2 ways. The first is when the truss is assembled on the ground and rises to the roof ready-made. The second is when the installation of rafters is carried out immediately on the roof.

Roofing is one of the key stages of construction country house... The roof performs many functions, including protection of walls from getting wet, drainage, wind protection. Since there are snowy winters in Russia, the structure must withstand significant loads, which can reach several hundred kilograms.

The roof of a house made of rounded logs is erected on the basis of a wooden truss system. Natural material must be carefully processed, protected from corrosion and deformation. As a rule, the shape of the roof, the angle of the slope and other features have already been worked out in the project. However, it is always possible to make changes to the drawings, as long as this does not conflict with safety requirements.

The roof can be of different shapes:

Gable. The classic version is the most affordable, and the design itself provides high strength, stability under external loads.
Hip. Original design the roof will highlight the cottage against the background of the general development, will help to implement various design styles.
Tent. This solution is suitable for large houses, where you can equip a relaxation room or bedroom under the roof.
Mansard (broken line). Such a roof of a house made of rounded logs retains the maximum useful volume and a high level of thermal insulation.
Multi-pliers. The structure, which is complex in shape, requires careful calculations, since it contains several ribs and skates at the same time.

The choice of a specific solution depends on the budget available to the customer. All structures use a Mauerlat (support bar): reliable and solid wood acts as it. Waterproofing must be laid between the frame and the roof, which will prevent rotting of the crowns. It is important to make wide stems that will protect the walls and foundation from moisture.

Various solutions are used as the main material

Metal tiles. The optimal combination of price and quality, this is an excellent solution for a small budget. The roof can be made in various colors, including bright and cheerful ones.
Soft tiles. The more expensive solution is lightweight, has a long service life (up to 50 years) and maintainability. However, only high-income customers can afford this option.
Euroslate. The best option for a summer residence is devoid of the disadvantages of an asbestos coating. The material, easy to install, has a long service life (up to 20 years) and is safe for health.
Seam roofing. The outdated version is suitable only for styling the structure, since the cost of its installation is quite high. However, many customers choose this option, since it allows them to provide an authentic appearance structures.
Decking. The rolled metal sheet is affordable, but it does not suit many people in its appearance. However, covered with a PVC film, it receives reliable protection against corrosion and does not need additional processing.

The roof of the house is installed from the rounded logs immediately after the assembly of the "box". This is necessary in order to extend the life of the house, to prevent rotting of the tree. A cottage under a roof can easily stand for 2-3 years before decorative finishing... However, without protection from rain and snow, the material will not be able to demonstrate a long service life.

The company "SeverStroyLes" offers a comprehensive service: the construction of houses on the basis of a rounded beam with the installation of a roof. There are many options available to customers - from classic to non-standard. Impeccable compliance is guaranteed to every customer technical standards and rules, which will ensure high safety during the operation of the structure.

27/05/2016

A wooden blockhouse made of a log or a bar is a building traditional for the territory of Russia, which can be used as a dwelling house or a bathhouse. The process of assembling such a dwelling takes place according to technologies verified over the centuries, so it turns out to be warm, cozy and comfortable for life. Particularly noteworthy is such a technological operation as the establishment of a rafter frame, on the strength of which the protective qualities of the roof depend. In this article, we will tell you how to properly attach the rafters to a log house so that they can withstand the weight of even the heaviest roofing material, but do not deform when the wood shrinks.

The roof frame is called a rafter system, a set of supporting elements, which, in interrelation, give it a shape, slope and significant bearing capacity. The "backbone" of the roof is made of dry, durable wood, treated with antiseptic preparations, or metal profile... It serves as the basis for fastening the roof covering, and also distributes the load evenly between the load-bearing walls. To cover the log house, use the following types of rafters:

Hanging. Hanging rafters have only one point of support - on the Mauerlat, with the free end of the leg they abut each other, forming a three-articulated triangular arch. This design is used if the frame does not provide for load-bearing walls inside, on which the racks can be installed. Hanging rafter system is experiencing a bursting load, so it includes all sorts of puffs to compensate for this stress. Rafters of this type are massive and difficult to install.
Forced. The rafters have two points of support - the mauerlat and the ridge girder, which support the vertical posts. This design can be used only if the frame has at least 1 load-bearing wall or a row of columns onto which the skate can be unloaded. The rafter system only experiences the load on the deflection, therefore it is easier to mount it.

Note! The log house is made of natural building material - wood with unique properties. After assembling the structure, the moisture content of the tree begins to level out, so it shrinks during the first 3-5 years of operation. The most significant dimensional changes occur in the first year of service, therefore it is recommended to carry out only after this time.

Mounting methods

Fastening the rafters to a wooden frame is a technologically complex process, on the correct execution of which the strength, integrity and durability of the roof depend. In the work, it must be borne in mind that the tree settles during the drying process, therefore the geometry of the structure changes. In addition, this material undergoes thermal expansion, therefore, too rigid fastening of the rafters to the frame causes deformation. There are two types of rafter leg mounts:

Important! A wooden blockhouse has a unique ability to "breathe", it regulates the humidity in the room itself, therefore it does not have rigidly fixed dimensions. Movable fasteners that respond to wall shrinkage and thermal expansion of the material are the best option for fixing the rafters to the frame.

Assembly methods

After the complete shrinkage of the wooden frame, the craftsmen begin to establish the rafter frame and erect the roof. The process is painstaking and complex, especially if you do that task alone. There are 2 ways to install the frame on the Mauerlat:

Installation of ready-made roof trusses. This technology consists in assembling roof trusses "on the ground" and then lifting them to the installation site in a finished form. To lift massive and heavy structures requires special equipment (aerial platform, crane or tractor). In this way, layered rafters are installed, which weigh less.
Assembling trusses "at the height". If the structure of the truss system is of great weight and size, and the builders do not have special equipment at their disposal, then the trusses are assembled right on the spot. The disadvantage of this technology is the complexity and inconvenience of the work.

Please note that experienced craftsmen they rarely use the technology of installing ready-made trusses, since it does not allow accurate adjustment of the elements, although it saves time significantly.

Sequence of work

The main factors of the quality of the rafter frame are the accuracy of calculating the height of the ridge and the length of the rafters and the detailed adherence to the technology for the production of works on the construction of the roof. In order for the roof to protect the log house well from the penetration of atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to fasten the rafter legs as follows:

First you need to take smooth coniferous wood planks without cracks or knots. To increase the service life of the rafter legs, they are treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. To reduce the consumption of impregnation, it is better to cut the wood.
Then a rafter leg template is made, which serves as a model for the production of the remaining rafters.
First, install the first and last rafter pair, and then pull the lace between them to align the rest of the rafters.
The rest of the rafter pairs are fastened, the ends of the legs are trimmed so that they are even, and then the crate is installed.

Video instruction

The main requirements for the roof of the house are reliability and tightness. A wooden house imposes additional restrictions on its structure, which are associated with the special behavior of the structure of the building. Constant seasonal movements of the frame necessitate a movable roofing system. For this, special rafter legs are used.

Features of the roofing device for a wooden house

In Russia, wood has always been considered the main building material. From it were erected and princely mansions, and churches, and houses of common people. Why is this so attractive construction material? There are several defining points here:

Heat insulating properties. A 35 cm thick wood wall retains heat in the same way as a 1.5 m thick brick wall.
Ecological cleanliness. Natural material does not emit any harmful substances in environment... Moreover, wood evaporates phytoncides useful for humans into the atmosphere.
Unique pattern of treated wood surfaces.
High strength of wooden structures. It is not uncommon for buildings to withstand up to 100 years of operation with periodic repairs.

Photo gallery: examples of the design of wooden houses and their roofs

Log cabins last 100 years or more, requiring only regular maintenance and cosmetic repairs
Wooden houses like no others convey the traditions of ancient architecture
Modern roofing materials are harmoniously combined with wooden buildings and provide them with reliable protection against environmental influences
Soft roof looks elegant on wooden log house and does not create a large load on its frame and foundation

Specificity of timber structures

The peculiarities of wooden buildings lie in the properties of the material itself. The fact is that houses built of wood are unstable. They, albeit to an insignificant extent, are able to change their size during operation, absorbing or releasing moisture depending on the season. Because of this, for example, modern metal fasteners (in particular, self-tapping screws) are used to a limited extent in the construction of wooden houses. The porous structure of wood determines its low thermal conductivity. But it is also the reason for the increased hygroscopicity in comparison with other materials, due to which seasonal deformations of the building occur.

Wood has a porous structure, which is the reason for the low thermal conductivity and high hygroscopicity of this building material.

How the truss system of a wooden house works

The roof of the house, regardless of the material of the frame, is its most important element, providing comfortable accommodation and the duration of operation. However, if for most structures the principle of the roofing system is the same, then for wooden buildings there are features inherent only to them.

Wooden houses can have a different structure of the frame of the truss system, but in any case it must be strong and reliable, capable of withstanding all the loads that arise.

Types of truss systems

Rafter systems can be:

The use of sliding rafters

As already noted, wooden building may deform depending on operating conditions. In this case, in the case of a strong fastening of the rafter leg, expanding or contracting forces arise both on the walls and on the rafter trusses. As a result, long-term alternating loads loosen the connections of the building elements.

To avoid this phenomenon, arrange sliding joints at the attachment points of the rafter legs. The design of the metal fasteners allows the truss to move only in the longitudinal direction. In the vertical plane, it is securely held by the bracket. This is not an idle remark, because with a hurricane wind on the leeward side there are loads directed upwards and reaching values of 630 kg / m 2.

It should be noted that lumber is able to natural moisture can change their size by up to 6–8%. Obviously, with such shifts, significant efforts can arise. Therefore, the materials must be dried before installation to a moisture content of about 18% (the so-called building moisture). With such a moisture content, the maximum size change will already occur within 2–3%.

Photo gallery: structural features of the truss system of a wooden house

Sliding mount is used only for truss systems of wooden structures
Sliding fastening compensates for seasonal deformations of the log house
The hinge on the rafters of a wooden house avoids stresses in this part during deformations of the frame
Installing additional fasteners in the form of metal plates and brackets reinforces the rafter system

The rafter systems of wooden structures are, in fact, "floating" and are held on the building frame only by their own weight. This is sufficient under normal weather conditions. In extreme weather, the retaining slide mounts come into play.

For the manufacture of elements of the roofing system, the following materials are used:

For the device of the rafter system, in most cases, a timber with a section of 50x150 mm made of coniferous wood is used. Traditionally, pine or spruce lumber is purchased, however, in terms of structural and strength characteristics, it is better to use larch. It is more expensive, but this material is more durable and healthier.
For small buildings, a gable rafter system can be built from a 50x100 mm bar, slightly increasing the number of struts and racks.
An indispensable attribute of the rafter system is the crate. Its dimensions and installation pitch directly depend on the nature of the roof finish. So, for small-format coatings (all types of tiles), you will need a continuous crate, for which boards of 25x100 mm are often used, installed in increments of no more than 5 cm.Currently, sheet materials are often laid instead of them - chipboard, DSP, OSB and others. The step of the lathing from the board for corrugated board and metal tile can be from 30 cm to one and a half meters, depending on the size of the finish coating and the slope of the slope. It should be noted that it is undesirable to use a board wider than 120 mm - if warped, it can deform the roof.
A counter-lattice for creating a ventilation cavity in a roofing cake is usually made from a bar of 25x50, 40x50 or 50x50 mm.

All lumber used in the rafter system must be treated with antibacterial and fireproof impregnations.

Video: sliding rafter mount

How to calculate and build a roofing system

Any serious construction involves the preliminary preparation of a project for the production of work. It is needed primarily to calculate the amount of materials and the costs required to install it. This statement fully applies to the construction of the roof.

The cost of making a roof depends on the task, which may differ depending on the nature of the use of the house:

Build a "cold" roof designed only to protect the under-roof space and the entire house from the vicissitudes of the weather. It should be noted that heat loss through such a roof is up to 25% of heating costs. In areas with a long heating period, this can be a substantial amount.
Create an insulated roof that will avoid unnecessary heating costs, so that saving on energy costs will quickly pay off all the costs of creating a roofing pie.
Arrange an attic room in the under-roof space. This decision will be a logical step after roof insulation. The costs are considerable, but the gain in useful space and comfort of living is obvious.

Of course, all the options given must be calculated in advance, because each of them will require materials, the weight of which must be taken into account even at the stage of foundation design.

Calculation of the roof area

By calculating the roof area, you can determine the need for roofing material. At the same time, there is no need to scrupulously calculate the area of chimneys and ventilation pipes. It is enough to take into account the length of the slopes with overhangs of at least 40 centimeters on all sides of the roof, which are needed in order to protect the walls of the building from flowing water. The length of the slopes directly depends on the angle of inclination of their planes - the smaller the angle of convergence of the rafters, the greater the length of the slope. Having decided on the angle of inclination, the length of the slope can be calculated in two ways:

To determine the area of the slope, it is necessary to multiply its length by the width: S = L ∙ С, where C is the length of the ridge taking into account the overhangs, S is the area of the slope.

You can calculate the required amount of roofing material using the formula N = S / S el, where N is the required number of material elements, S el is the usable area of one such element. Similarly, the calculation of the vapor and waterproofing film is carried out (as S el, you need to take the area of the roll, taking into account overlaps) and insulation (here the value of S el will be equal to the area of one plate).

Calculation of the number and pitch of rafters

The traditional material for the manufacture of rafter legs is a bar with a section of 50x150 mm. In addition to the constant loads from the roofing cake, the rafters are also influenced by variable loads from wind and snow. To take into account the constant component, you need to immediately decide on the material of the topcoat. Suppose that such will be ceramic tiles, the weight of which is up to 40-42 kg / m 2. It should be noted that the maximum permissible load is considered to be 50 kg / m 2.

The step of the rafter legs is selected within the range of 60-150 cm. To calculate it, a certain sequence of actions is used, which we will consider using an example of a ridge with a length of 11 m:

We select a preliminary distance between the rafters. Let's say it's 65 cm.
We count the number of farms: N f = 1100/65 = 16.92. Since this number must be an integer, round it up to 17.
We calculate the actual distance between the axes of the rafters N f = 1100/17 = 64.7 (cm).

It should be remembered that this distance is not between the rafter legs, but between their axes.

The step between the rafters is selected depending on the material of the roofing

Determination of the weight of the roofing cake

A modern roofing cake is formed from the following components:

Finish roofing. The lightest is self-leveling or soft roll roofing or soft tiles, the heaviest is ceramic tiles.
Lathing for installing the topcoat.
Counter grill that forms the required ventilation gap.
Waterproofing foil or outer membrane.
Insulation roll or slab.
Vapor barrier membrane.

For any of the listed materials, weight is indicated as the main characteristic in the technical documentation square meter.

Assuming that a solid crate is made from a 25X100 mm board (one of the most common options), an indicator of 21.5 kg / m 2 is used for the calculation. This value is valid when the moisture content of the material is 18%.

When using shingles, specific gravity which is about 3 kg / m 2, as a result we get the value of the main load from the roofing cake, equal to the sum of 21.5 + 3 = 24.5 kg / m 2. The weight of the remaining components of the roofing cake is insignificant and can be taken into account in the composition of the safety factor, which is usually taken equal to 20%. Thus, for the value of the load from the roof, you can take a value equal to 24.5 ∙ 1.2 = 29.4 kg / m 2.

The composition of the roofing cake for a wooden roof depends on the type of topcoat only in the part of the lathing device

Video: roof device - insulation, ventilation, board selection

Assembly and installation of trusses of the truss system

Work on the installation of the roof frame must be carried out in calm dry weather. The first operation in this case should be the construction of a temporary platform along ceiling beams to ensure the safety of work.

The order of operations is as follows:

In the process of work, each installed truss is fixed with temporary jibs to the adjacent rafter legs and to the Mauerlat. After the last truss has been installed, the purlins and wind stops must be installed.

The fastening of the lower ends of the trusses of a wooden house is carried out using sliding stops. Wind stops are installed from the upper corner of the gable trusses to the girders of the neighboring ones.

The sliding fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat leaves them a little freedom of movement during seasonal deformations of the building

Video: simple installation of rafters for a gable metal roof

Next steps are as follows:

Lay the waterproofing film over the surface of the rafter legs with a slight sag (2–4 cm) and secure it with a construction stapler.
The waterproofing film is laid on the rafter joists, fixed with a stapler, and then finally fixed with counter-lattice bars
Fill the counter-lattice bars along the rafters, which are necessary to ensure ventilation of the under-roof space.
Install the lathing for fixing the topcoat from boards 25x100 mm. If the nature of the topcoat (bituminous tiles, corrugated board or ondulin at small angles of inclination, etc.) requires a solid base, it can be laid from plywood, OSB or chipboard sheets. The material of the crate must be treated with an antiseptic and a fire-fighting compound.
If the project includes a warm roof or attic, the roofing cake can be formed from above before installing the lathing. However, the insulation is easier to install from the inside, since it is possible to quickly close the roof with a covering and avoid the consequences of unexpected precipitation.
It is easier to insulate the roof from the inside after installing the roof covering
Install the roof covering. Installation is made from below from any of the corners. The line of the cornice is maintained along the stretched cord. The installation of the cover is completed by the installation of skates.
Assemble and install the drainage system and seal the overhangs. It is advisable to install spotlights on them to ensure ventilation of the under-roof space.
Soffits have perforation, which provides ventilation of the roof space

Each element of the roofing system must be thought out and appropriate in the design. Therefore, at the end of the project, you need to show it to a qualified specialist and take into account all his comments.

Choice of roofing

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the correct selection of home coverage. Several factors play a role here at the same time:

Local traditions. Historically, they are due to the availability of materials in the construction region. Somewhere it is wood, and somewhere - ceramic tiles or other coatings. A house covered with material that is unusual for this area may not be in harmony with the overall picture of the landscape.
Compliance with the general exterior of the site, including the type of roofs of other buildings and even the color of the fence.
Financial opportunities. Sometimes you have to take this factor into account when selecting material in terms of price-quality ratio.
Roof shape. On roofs of complex configuration, sheet materials are usually not used due to a large number waste. In such cases, small-format coatings in the form of bituminous or ceramic tiles are used.

In short, a roof for a house is like a hat for a person. Even an expensive and superbly executed top hat can look ridiculous these days.

What is taken into account when choosing a roofing material

The possibilities of using this or that coating are currently not very limited - the construction market offers many options. In this case, you need to be guided by the following considerations:

The forceful effect of the material on the rafter system. In addition to the weight of the actual roofing cake, the roof must withstand snow and wind loads.
Durability of the material. Replacing the roof every few years is both troublesome and expensive.
The choice of material depends on the shape of the roof - not every coating is suitable for complex roofs.
The nature of the structure. For a residential building, the determining factor is reliability and durability, and for a barn or summer kitchen- manufacturability and low cost.
Price. This indicator consists of the cost of the material and the cost of its installation.
Aesthetics - the roof should harmoniously fit into the exterior of the site.

Most commonly used roofing materials

Roofing sheet coverings are the most technologically advanced and in most cases are used for roofs of simple shapes. Among them:

Metal tiles. These are profiled galvanized sheets with a protective plastic coating or paint-and-lacquer coating. The relief of the sheets resembles a ceramic tile roof. The material is versatile, it is installed even over the old roof. Limiting parameter - the angle at the base of the ramp must be more than 12-14 o. At correct installation the service life of such a coating is at least 12 years. The average price of metal tiles is about 300 rubles per square meter.
You can create a beautiful and reliable roof from metal tiles, the main thing is that the angle of inclination of the slopes is more than 14 degrees
Slate. It is a traditional and long-used roof covering. It can be wavy or flat, colored in different colors or gray. It is used on roofs with a slope of at least 12 o. The price per square meter is about 150 rubles. Release form - sheets of 1500x1000 mm in size.
Slate is often used on the roofs of residential buildings and outbuildings, but a strong rafter system is needed for it
Ondulin. It is a corrugated sheet material made of cellulose fibers impregnated with polymer-bitumen compositions. The front side is painted in a wide range of colors, so you can choose a material for any design option for the site. Due to its properties, ondulin is usually used to cover auxiliary buildings. Installation of sheets is carried out on the crate or on the old coating. It is used on slopes from 6 o and can last up to 20 years. The advantages of ondulin include light weight and a wide selection of colors. Disadvantage - surface discoloration under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The cost per square meter is up to 250 rubles.
When using sheets of ondulin different color you can make an original roof for a wooden house
Decking. Corrugated sheets of galvanized steel, often with additional protection of plastic or paint. Very easy to install. The disadvantages include low sound insulation, which, however, can be improved by laying additional layers of insulation, and not the most presentable appearance. The cost per square meter is up to 200 rubles.
Profiled sheeting is a reliable roofing material that serves for a long time and is quite easy to fit, but it does not look very presentable and makes a lot of noise in the rain
Seam cover. It is made of galvanized sheets, connected without the use of nails with special metal fasteners. Working with seam roofing requires the participation of highly qualified specialists. Such a roof is durable, reliable and does not allow water to pass through. The disadvantages include noise and high thermal conductivity. The cost per square meter reaches 300 rubles.
The most reliable roof - folded - is made of sheet metal with a protective coating

Nowadays, piece roofing is increasingly used, such as:

Ceramic tiles. It is made from clay solution by molding and subsequent annealing at high temperature... The result is products of high strength with a service life of up to 150 years. This material is very durable, has low thermal conductivity, is non-flammable, and has soundproofing properties. He is also very handsome. Among the shortcomings, one can note the large weight and high cost - up to 1000 rubles per square meter. The roof rafter system must be very powerful.
Natural tile is an elite roofing material with a long service life, but a very powerful rafter system needs to be built under it.
Cement-sand tiles are very similar to ceramic tiles in all respects, but they are made from mortar without the use of annealing. It weighs about the same and looks about the same when the appropriate dyes are added to the solution. The price is also quite high - up to 600 rubles per square meter. The minimum angle of inclination of the slope for both types of shingles is 20 o.
Cement-sand tile looks almost the same as ceramic, but costs almost half the price
Slate shingles. This is a very popular roofing material in Europe, which is used today as an elite one. There are known buildings that function to this day, the age of which is more than 200 years. This coating can be used for any type of roofing. The cost of the material is very high - from 200 rubles for one tile less than 40 centimeters in size.
Slate roofing looks prestigious and very beautiful, but it is expensive
Composite tiles. It is made of steel sheet with a zinc or alumosilicon coating, on the outside of which a marble or basalt decorative layer in the form of a crumb is applied. This gives the coating a presentable appearance, and the small format of the individual elements allows it to be used on roofs of any shape. Manufacturers declare life cycle such coverage in 100 years, although it will not be possible to verify this statement soon, since the material began to be released relatively recently. The cost per square meter of composite tiles ranges from 500 to 700 rubles.
Composite tiles are among the best modern materials for the device of an elite roof of a country house
Roof tiles, soft bituminous. These are small-format glass fabric products coated on both sides with a polymer-bitumen composition. WITH outside basalt chips are applied to them, giving the coating an elegant look. Roofs of any degree of complexity are covered with such material with a minimum slope of 12 o. Layed with overlapping, individual plates are sintered into a monolithic canvas, which guarantees a high tightness of the roofing material. The styling technology is simple and does not require application special equipment... The material is laid on a solid crate and has a mass positive qualities such as minimal waste, light weight, excellent heat and sound insulation, resistance to atmospheric influences, including acid rain, as well as immunity to fungi and bacteria. In terms of decorative characteristics, such tiles are not inferior to their ceramic counterparts. The disadvantages include the need for strict implementation technological requirements when sintering, as well as difficulties when it is necessary to perform local repairs. The cost per square meter of roofing made of soft bituminous tiles is about 250 rubles.
Shingles soft tiles after laying, they are sintered into a solid monolithic coating, which lasts for several decades

Key parameters when choosing a topcoat

Based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Pitched roofs can be covered with any of the above materials. The differences are only in the requirements for the angles of inclination of the slopes. An exception can be considered bituminous shingles, which are installed on surfaces from 6 to 90 o.
The most expensive materials are ceramic and slate tiles. However, their cost is justified by their long service life. What is called - did and forgot.
Such coatings as ondulin and galvanized corrugated board can be considered budgetary. They are most often used to cover the roofs of auxiliary structures - garages or sheds.
For residential buildings, the most suitable coatings are metal or single-layer bituminous roofing.
Aesthetics is a subjective concept, but it can be argued that roofs made of any material, except for profiled sheet and slate, can be considered as such.
Wanting to get beautiful roof with an average budget, you can opt for bituminous or composite shingles.

Video: types of roofing materials

The device of the sliding rafter system is not associated with any structural difficulties. Methods for its installation and adaptation for this have long been developed and successfully applied. Moreover, they do not depend on the material of the topcoats and the characteristics of the roofing cake - the rafter system successfully works with any of their types.

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