How to cover a flat roof. Flat roof - device and types

During the construction of the house, the final, but this is no less important process is the roof roof, which is often referred to as the architects "Fifth Facade". The classic option for private houses is considered by the pitched roofs, but recently their flat counterparts have become increasingly popular. And the whole secret is that the device of a flat roof has a lot of advantages.

Flat roof of the house

Such a kind of roofs is widely applicable both in industrial and private construction. The main difference between the flat roofs from the pitfall "fellow" in the use of piece and leafy roofing materials. A flat roof device implies the use of materials that can form a solid carpet. These include polymer, bituminous and bitumen-polymeric materials, as well as mastic. In order for any temperature differences and mechanical deformations to which the roof base is susceptible to be perceived well enough, such a carpet should be highly elasticity. The base for it can serve as bearing plates, ties, as well as the surface of thermal insulation. All layers laid down on each other are the so-called flat roof pie.

Operated and non-exploitable flat roofs

The use of the operated roofs is advisable on those buildings that provide for frequent output to the roof of people or finding any heavy items on it. The design of a flat roof of this type has its own feature consisting in the need to lay a hard base or a special screed on the waterproofing layer. It is necessary so that the roofing design can withstand any load, often distributed over the surface unevenly. The rigid base in this case will help preserve the integrity of the waterproofing carpet and will not allow it to be pressed.

Unlike the roof exploited for non-exploitable roofs, there is no need to lay on waterproofing a rigid base. In this case, a soft insulation is applied. The use of such roofs is appropriate when its maintenance in the operational period is not required, that is, there is no pressure on the roof surface. But even if there is a need to maintain such a roof, the question can be solved using special labels or transitional bridges that will help evenly distribute the pressure rendered to the surface of the roof.

The device of the flat roof of the non-exploitable type will cost an order of magnitude cheaper in contrast to the operated, but also its service life will be much lower. Therefore, to choose a roof to be approached carefully by weighing everything "for" and "against".

Other varieties of flat roofs

Depending on the constructive features, distinguish the following types of flat roofs:

classic;
inversion;
ventilated.

The traditional option is considered to be a classic flat roof, which has another name - soft roof. Its base is the carrier plate, by the vapor barrier layer of which the thermal insulation material is superimposed (in most cases, plates from minvati are used). Heat insulation, in turn, protects the waterproofing carpet from the effects of atmospheric precipitation, which is based on rolled bitumen-containing materials.

The device of a flat roof of an inversion type differs from the previous one by the fact that the insulation layer is located above the waterproofing carpet, and not under it. This feature makes it possible to secure waterproofing from harmful effects Ultraviolet, freezing and thawing cycles, cutting shift temperature mode, as well as mechanical damage, which is significantly able to increase the service life of the inversion roof. This design can be used as an exploited flat roof. For example, it can be put on her grass and smash the flower beds with flowers, put a small amount of furniture, or just sunbathe.

The moisture that accumulates in the slabs of overlapping and insulation is the main reason for the formation of "bubbles", which subsequently lead to leaks and even breaking the roofing carpet. And, unfortunately, the removal of this cause is completely - almost impossible. In the West, this question is easily solved using the so-called "ventilated roofs". The nodes of the flat roof of this type include partially fixing the first layer of carpet to the roof with glue, or laying on mechanical locks. As a result, an air gap is formed between the base and the roof, which eliminates the excessive pressure of water vapor. With outer air through the adjoint, it is reported along the contour of the roof, or by means of special exhaust deflectors.

Preparation of the foundation

In order for the final result, a high-quality and durable roof, initially it is necessary to consider a flat roof plan, the drawing will also become excellent installation work. In most cases, the following main nodes of a flat roof are distinguished: carrying construction, which can perform a monolith, carrying concrete slab or overlap of a professional flooring, a layer of steam, heat and waterproofing and a sloping layer designed to remove water.

The first stage in the roof of the flat roof will be the preparation of the base. As a carrier cover of this type, the roof is most often performed reinforced concrete plate, profiled steel sheet, or solid coating of wood.

If the reinforced concrete base has an uneven surface, it is necessary to create an aligning screed from a sand asphalt concrete or cement-sand solution. The thickness of the screed will depend on the type of base: on concrete - 10-15 mm; on tough insulation stoves -15-25 mm; Under the soft plates of the insulation - 25-30 mm.

If the bias of the roof is less than 15%, then first the screed is placed on the suspension and only then on the rods. In the case of a slope, more than 15% of the action are made in the reverse order: the rods are first produced, then go to work with rash and endowers.

Any elements protruding on the roof, whether the flue pipes or parapet walls are processed by plaster for height from 25 cm. At the top of the back surface, special rails are installed, employees for fixing the carpet rolled type. The roof screed is ground with mastic for roof, in order to increase the quality of the base clutch with a rolled carpet.

Before carrying a primer, it needs to be carefully cleaned from pollution and dry well.

Preparation of roofing soft materials

The roofing plan for the roof roof is mandatory, the preparatory works of roofing materials should be included for their further use.

When applying rolled materials, they must be carefully examined for the presence of various kinds of defects: irregularities, cracks, oil spots. And then during the day they are kept in a rolled out or unfolded inside out.

The mastic for the roof can perform two functions at once. It can be used as an independent material that provides a seamless coating for repair work. And also it is applicable as an adhesive means for connecting rolled materials with a base. Bituminous mastic can be used both hot and cold.

Use of mastic as an independent roofing material

The composition of a flat roof may not include rolled materials, it can be performed with the use of mastic. It is a liquid material, the basis of which is pure elastic, hydrophobic polyurethane resins. And as a result of its application on a flat roof when exposed to air humidity, it is polymerized and turns into a rubber-like solid membrane, which has excellent protective and waterproofing properties.

For a flat roof mastic, like roofing material, has a mass of explicit advantages: it is safe and reliable, has high resistance to the effects ultraviolet rays, sediments and various microorganisms, has a high adhesion to any construction surface and, moreover, it does not change its volume during polymerization. Bribes and simplicity of using this material - it can be applied both manually, brush or roller and airless spraying method.

Roof coating with rolled materials

Thinking on a flat roof roof plan, an important point It is the choice of the roofing material itself. The most suitable in its properties can be called rolled materials. Laying rolled cloths for a soft roof is made on the rods of the twentiest. If the roof is more than 5%, in the inner layers of the carpet of the lamb must be 70 mm, and in the outer - 100 mm. In the case of a slope less than 5%, the width of the fattest in any layer is 100 mm and more. Laying of rolled strips is made strictly in one direction.

If, when sticking, a deviation of the panel aside occurred, you need to try to move it without rejoicing. If the result is ineffective, then the glued part of the panel should be cut off, and stick it with an overlap 100 mm.

The rolled cloths are stacked by layers, and in the case of their fastening on cold mastic, it is necessary to observe a 12-hour interval between the sticker of each layer.

Heat insulation in soft roofs

Considering the device for a flat roof, the insulation of it can be performed in one of the following ways: external or inner. The ease of installation of outdoor thermal insulation makes this method more common. In addition, with the help of this method, insulation can be produced as a building under construction, so already in operation.

Flat roof - thermal insulation

Flat roofs have a design that provides two options for thermal insulation depending on the number of layers: single-layer and two-layer. The selection of thermal insulation is influenced by the heat engineering and the strength requirements for roofing structures. For laying at the top carrier design Thermal insulation plates use the principle of "sutures of the rotary". With a two-layer coating, the shakes of the lower and upper plates should also pass "the rotational". In those places where thermal insulation plates are adjacent to walls, parapets and lanterns, heat-insulating transition sides are created. To secure the heat insulation, one of the following ways is used:

mechanical. The professional flooring is attached to self-stakes, reinforced concrete base - plastic dowels with a core;
glue;
with the help of a ballast, which uses pebbles or paving slabs;
based.

Basic Flat Roof Mounting Errors

Montage errors can lead to the formation of the so-called "cold bridges", in the role of which can perform window and doorways, building elements from concrete or dowels, with the help of which plates are attached to the wall. Such "cold bridges" can create heat loss up to 50%, in addition, they may cause condensate formation and subsequently mold.

The most common cause of the formation of "cold bridges" is the use of fastening dowels having a metal nail. Avoiding this phenomenon will help the use of stone wool flat roofs. This is explained by the fact that for its fastening it will be enough glue, but also the use of dowels in this case is possible, since a plastic rod is provided for watts.

The heat loss can also be avoided when using a two-layer insulation. But in this case, the laying of the upper layer needs to be produced so that the joints existing between the bottom plates were covered with the top insulation.

Use the plates of large formats - this will reduce the total number of joints.

In addition, errors can be detected initially, it is only necessary to compile a competent and clear plan of a flat roof.

Do you want the roof of your home to perform not only its basic function of protection against atmospheric precipitation? Would you like to turn her into a beautiful garden, a seating area or an open playground? Then the ideal option for you is the flat roof roof!

Flat roofs their types and designs can be classified:

For the purpose of the surface. It can be operated and non-exploited.
By way of laying roofing pie. May be traditional and inversion.
By type of construction. It may be an attic and nonsense.
Separately allocate ventilated and non-ventilated designs.

Operated roof

The operated flat roof can be used as parking, helipad, tennis court, swimming pool, green roof and just a terrace. In any case, it is necessary to calculate the possible load on the roof.

Load from operation (human weight, auto, water in the pool, etc.).

In some cases, the roof is exposed to a pressure of 20 tons per square meter.

Also, due to the peculiarities of the device of a flat roof, it is strongly exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Together, these factors mean that the choice building materials For such a roof, it is necessary to fit with special care.

The roofing cake of the roof of the roof is as follows:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap.
Singing layer. Performed from slag, concrete, clay, wedge-shaped mineral insulation and other similar materials. Top is fixed with a concrete tie. Angle angle up to 3%. We are necessary for high-quality water removal in the required direction. The bias is always suitable for waterproofing to ensure the flow of water on it.
Aligning concrete tie.
Waterproofing. Performed from bitumen, polymeric, PVC materials and sealants. Regularly use the runneroid, laying it into two layers, while it is important that the joints of the upper and lower rows do not coincide.
Heat insulation. Keeps in the room warm in winter and cool in the summer. Requires a thorough approach to the calculation of thickness. In case of error, the formation of condensate indoors is not excluded. If not an inversion type of roof is used, and the traditional, the insulation must be resistant to a pair. If, on the contrary, resistance to water absorption should be present.
Drainage layer. Considering the technology of a flat roof, water should flip over the surface in drainage trays. But in other cases, the moisture can enter the joints between the tile used as the finishing element of the pavement, or soaked into the ground when using a green roof. So that the elements of the roofing pie are not wet, are suitable for a drain layer, which takes water in the desired direction.
Next, it all depends on the type of roof exploited. If this is a green roof - stacked geotextiles, which will not give the roots of plants to destroy the roofing pie. If this is a roof terrace, or parking - the drainage layer is a concrete screed under the tile, or another finishing material.

We note that when using the traditional roof, the order of the elements of the roofing cake is changing. Parosolation, then the insulation, and only then waterproofing are stacked by the succumbing layer.

On the advantages and disadvantages of this method just below.

Non-exploited roof

The non-exploitable flat roof is characterized by its economy. It is not intended to withstand any loads except snow. This allows less thoroughly suitable for the choice of building materials.

The device of roofing pie of this type of roof the following:

Iron-concrete slab overlap. Instead, the use of profiled sheets with high wave height, type H-153 and H-158 is allowed.
Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation.
Heat insulation.
Waterproofing.
Ballast gravel layer. The thickness of such a layer should be from 10 to 20 centimeters. We are necessary to protect waterproofing from the effects of ultraviolet rays and fire prevention.

Once again, we draw your attention that layers of steam, heat and waterproofing can vary in places depending on the type of roof used.

Traditional roof

The device of a flat roof along the traditional type is used for a very long time. At the same time, roofing cake will look like this:

Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation. It is necessary to protect the insulation from steam outgoing from the room. Otherwise, even in the case of single-rise humidification of the heat-insulating layer, there is a significant increase in thermal conductivity. It is performed from specialized vapor insulation membranes and films.
Heat insulation. It is allowed to use almost all types of insulation, even with a low percentage of moisture resistance.
Further on the traditional drawing of the roof of a flat roof should be laid a layer of waterproofing. Consider, it must be certainly high-quality, as it is absolutely not protected from temperature drops.

The advantages of the traditional roof is that it guarantees the protection of the heat-insulating layer from wetting. First, it allows the use of the entire range of insulation for the roof. Secondly, the insulation will not lose its characteristics of thermal conductivity, it means that there will always be a comfortable temperature regime in the room.

At the same time, such a flat roof design puts under the waterproofing. It is maximally exposed to temperature drops, which leads to its accelerated aging. Also, the insulation does not protect the waterproofing from external power loads, which again adversely affects its service life. In general, this kind of roof is less durable and requires enough frequent repair work.

Inversion roof

It is a more progressive view of a flat roof device. Presses the device of the next roofing cake:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap, or professional flooring.
Layer of bias formation.
Aligning concrete screed.
Primer under waterproofing, for better fitness. During this process, a screed for cracks and water bubbles is carefully examined. Cracks are lubricated with mortar, water bubbles are removed.
Waterproofing.
Heat insulation.
Next, either the drainage or ballast layer, depending on whether the roof will be operated or not.

Inversion roof has the following advantages:

Protection of the waterproofing film from temperature drops. As a result, it extends the life of the film in particular, and the service life of the roof as a whole.
The insulation redistributes power loads on waterproofing in such a way that it is not reflected on it.
Extruded polystalmine, which is customary to use as thermal insulation in this form of the roof, cheaper mineral Watused for the traditional roof.
The inversion design of a flat roof allows you to produce more repairs, if necessary, replace, or add insulation.

There are cons who belong to:

It is permissible to use insulation only with closed cells to prevent their excessive wet.
The need for mounting more complex design drainage gutters.

Children's roof

The technology of the device of a flat roof with a attic implies the possibility of using two types:

The abduction roof is a light superstructure, and attic overlap It serves as the main supporting structure.
An attic overlap and the abduction roof is independent of each other and are capable of equally well to withstand power loads.

The advantages of the roof with the attic is:

The ability to continuously control the tightness of the waterproofing layer.
The ability to regularly monitor the state of the insulation.
Insulation can be laid after the roof was mounted.
The attic itself performs the functions of thermal insulation.

The disadvantages include:

The impossibility of mechanical cleaning from snow, subject to the use of an abduction roof as an easy superstructure. Instead, the attic is blocked by hot dry air, which provides tapping snow from above and its gradual gathering.
This kind of roof is more expensive.

Bescaneous roof

The more popular is the Bescaneous roof. She is:

It is cheaper than an attic.
Simply mounted.
Provides melting of snow due to heat from the room.

Bescaneous flat roof has a significant drawback:

There is no possibility to timely determine the violation of the waterproofing layer. Damage data is manifested as a wet spot on the ceiling, due to which it is impossible to determine the exact location.

Ventilated and non-ventilated roof

Roof ventilation is arranged between insulation and waterproofing layer. Thus, a constant circulation of air is achieved, which ensures constant dryness of the insulation. Used with the traditional type of roofing pie.

When ventilating device, it is important to adhere to the following recommendations:

The height of the ventilation opening is at least 1/30 of the width of the building.
The diameter of the opening is at least 1/150 total roof area.
Air inlets should be located lower than the output.
Holes are evenly distributed over the width of the entire building.

In turn, the non-ventilated roof does not require the creation of additional elements of the roof of flat roofs. But this slightly reduces the life of the heat-insulating material.

From the first days of origin and development in the history of mankind of architectural and construction art, two tendencies of the roof arrangement for buildings and buildings appeared: scope volumetric and flat horizontal. And if the flat roofs initially obtained distribution mainly in the southern Mediterranean and Asian countries, then scanty vertical - in the countries of Northern Europe and in Russia.

The explanation of this is quite simple and pragmatic: the roof must provide reliable waterproofing of the home and to withstand the load of precipitation accumulating on it. In southern countries with large quantity sunny days This problem is not so acute and there, usually choose the least cheap option of a flat roof. In the Nordic countries, the pitched roof is a measure forced, albeit more expensive in the process of construction.

Flat Roof: Main features

In our country, until recently, flat roofs were designed only for industrial facilities or multi-storey residential buildings, and exclusively traditional duplex, or, were used in low-rise housing construction. But the improvement of technology and the market of building materials are not on the spot, due to which recently there has been a clear tendency to use horizontal roof designs in an individual housing development. This was especially manifested after removing restrictions on the area and the number of private house-building, determining the mandatory design of attic or attic rooms to use them under residential premises.

Now, when creating a project of a private house or cottage, it is easy to envisage instead of the attic of the residential second, and even the third floor, and on the additionally formed area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal roof, you can arrange a resting place, a playground for sports or fitness, a small greenhouse, yes, at least a observatory: who likes what you like . All this contributes to the growth of the popularity of flat roofs in individual house-building, and modern technologies Both building materials allow not only to simplify and reduce the process of building a residential building, but also to provide him with considerable strength, reliability and durability.

The main advantage of a flat type of roof is simplicity and low cost. If the cost of arrangement of the pitched roof can be 20-25%, and in the case of complex, multifaceted configurations, and up to 50% of the total cost of construction, then investment in flat design It will be mainly determined by the costs of strengthening and insulating the upper overlap, as well as on materials and work to ensure waterproofing.

Types of roofing materials for flat roof

Basically, two types of materials are used for waterproofing horizontal roofs:

In some cases, they can be used in combination with each other. To improve the aesthetic and operational properties of the protective layer on top, various decorative coatings, ceramic or paving slabs, artificial lawn, etc.

Of course, the inclined multifaceted and multidisciplinary roof is able to significantly decorate the structure, give it a unique personality, but at the same time, the horizontal roof is more practical and functional. The increased load on the building of the building in the winter due to the large mass of the snow, accumulating on it, is compensated by a significant decrease in the weight of the roof itself and use when building walls of the building as modern durable materials and newest technologies Construction. Moreover, cleaning a flat roof from snow is a much less time-consuming process.

Main characteristics of materials for flat roofing

Materials used for horizontal roofs must first provide high-quality waterproofing of the entire structure - this is the basic requirement for them, and usually used for this until now regteroids have done quite well with this task. But today, elevated requirements are presented to roofing materials:

strength,
low weight
thermal insulation
soundproofing,
sustainability for solar radiation,
frost - and heat resistance,
bowstore
chemical protection
fire resistance
durability,
economy
easy operation.

And in this competition, traditional roofing products based on paper, cardboard and bitumen are inferior to modern materials on all points.

Bituminous rolled materials

Traditionally used Ruberoid, Tol and Pergamine, are widely used and understood, but their main disadvantage is the briefness, due to low stability of frost, ultraviolet, bioc and mechanical effects. This manifests itself in cracking and gradual layer-by-layer destruction, which causes the need for re-applying coating every 10-15 years of operation for the runneroid, and when using pergamine or roofing - 5-10 years. Therefore, they are gradually inferior to new synthetic rolling-bitumen roofing coatings based on:

TechnoNikol - Great Material for Roof Roof

Fiberglass, glass cholester and modified bitumen with much better strength, durability and other performance characteristics.
- As well as their counterparts from various manufacturers: Linocur, Glassizol, Filigree, Bicroelast, Breplayst Norm, Unicker, Rubicrome, Bicket, Rubelast, Hydrokhotloizol, Rovers.

Bituminous polymer roofing materials from polypropylene or polyester:

Isoplast EPP 3.0 and 4.0, worth 120 and 140 rubles / sq. m, respectively, used for the lower layer of the protective coating,
Isoplast ECP 4.5., Isoplast ECP 5.0. - for the upper layer, the price is 160 rubles / sq. m,
Isoplast EMF 5.5. - high density, with increased waterproofing requirements, also used for reinforced concrete bases and foundations, price - 180 p. / sq. m,
and others similar: m ostampast, Elabit, Gerbieritis.

Aluminum foil: Metalism and hydroizolUsed in hydro and thermal insulation of pipelines materials also found use in roofing.

The numbers in the names of the materials are indicated, as a rule, the weight of 1 square. m material.

All these products allow for a long service life of the roof and very high quality coating. As a rule, they are produced in rolls with a width of 1 m and a length of 10 m.

Video - Waterproofing Flat Roof

Polymer membrane materials

The basis of such a roof is reinforced plastic mesh Materials:

EPDM membranes - elastomers of synthetic rubber and polymer resins:
Firestone, a thickness of 1.15 mm, in a roll of 6.1x30b5 m, at the price of 320 rubles / sq. M.

TP-membranes - olefin-based thermoplasty and polypropelin:

TPO Roofing Systems, 1.15 mm, cost - 70 p. / Square. m,
Also PVC membranes from polyvinlchloride:
Logicroof V-SR, 1.5 mm, reinforced, price - 56 p. / Square. m.

Polymer - bituminous material for roofing

These roofing materials are more expensive than bituminous polymeric, but they have greater resistance to atmospheric phenomena, strength, elasticity and, accordingly, durability, which can reach 50 years. In addition, due to its smaller mass, about 1.3 kg / sq. M, they are produced in a much larger range of roll widths - from 0.9 to 9 m, which allows you to optimally fit this parameter under the width of the roof, with the lowest number of joints. In the difference from the roller-bitumen "flooring", the coating technology of polymer membranes is not It requires the use of open fire, unacceptable on the roofs of the construction materials made of combustible materials. The joints of the seams are made by hot air and adhesive ribbons. There are also self-adhesive roofing membranes, which greatly simplifies the work on coating. The structural disadvantage of rolled roofing materials, from which they are produced, is the inevitable availability of seams in places of compounds. In addition to the appearance of noticeable irregularities on the surface, it is and frequent cause Disorders of waterproofing and leakage as a result of the effects of weather phenomena. Principally different, deprived of this disadvantage, is a seamless roof coating with special mastic based on polymer resins of hot and cold applying. Under the influence of air and moisture oxygen in them, the process of polymerization occurs, creating a durable, waterproof, monolithic and durable coating. This technology was called the "bulk roof."

Here, it is also necessary to mention the roof from the "liquid rubber" on the basis of artificial rubber and binders from oil-polymer. This coating applied by roller, brush or by spraying and possessing excellent characteristics, would be ideal in all respects, but its use is constrained by the need to comply with very strict conditions on the temperature and humidity of the ambient air, as well as the humidity of the roof surface during operation and in the process Vulcanization of the protective layer. The area of \u200b\u200ball undoubted advantages of mastic roofs, there is another - simplicity and speed of applying. This is especially true of cold mastic, whose layer is smoothed over the roof surface with a common rigid brush or brush, without requiring preheating. There are mastic materials that are divorced not only by organic solvents, but even water, however, the durability is not as high, but the simplicity of the technological process allows you to carry out work at least every year. Perfor the surface of the roof of the roof is necessary to prepare in primer or primer. This will significantly increase the durability and strength of the protective layer. In addition, the ideal result can be combined with the technologies of the film and the bulk roof. Trooply insulating Material Power Roof, unlike volumetric, does not create an additional air layer, which gives the temperature protection of the inner residential premises at home. However, work on the hydropouts of a flat roof can be premed by the creation of an external heat shielding layer based on modern materials such as:

After laying the heat shielding layer, work is performed on waterproofing roof, and the use of additional internal thermal insulation of rooms in the form of suspended or stretch ceilings Allows you to fully compensate for this lack of horizontal roof.

Thus, the use of new quality materials and technologies in modern construction Allows you to get away from the traditional design of roofs for low-rise housing construction, relying on alternative ideas and methods to help diversify the choice of individual solutions and options. Video instruction - thermal insulation of flat roof (roofs)

For residents of Russia is associated primarily with production, administrative buildings and commercial facilities, because the traditional architectural forms of our country are associated with two-tie and three-piece structures. Adherence to triangular roofs is due to a harsh climate with a large amount of precipitation in winter and summer. The primitive coating that was available in the arsenal of builders did not cope with the volume of the incoming fluid, leading to leaks. In this article, we will look at modern technological and durable materials used for a flat roof.

The creation of a flat roof resembles the manufacture of a multilayer pie, in which roofing materials are imposed on each other to provide the best waterproofing. The coating of this type may include 3-9 layers laid in a certain sequence. However, the cost of arrangement of this type of overlapping is 3-4 times cheaper than the construction of scantal analogs due to savings on lumber used to create a rafter frame. The structure of flat roofs is the following structure:

The base treated with a special primer. Concrete slabs or wooden flooring are fed as a base for flooring flat roofs. They are pre-cleaned from pollution and garbage, aligned, all cracks are closed on the surface. Then the primer layer is applied, which makes the material structure smoother and increases adsorption.
Screed. The pre-prepared base of the flat roof is poured a layer of a concrete screed to perform a flap. The flap is called the process of creating a slope to ensure the transfer of rain and melt water to the drainage funnels.
Heat insulating coating. To prevent heat loss, the plates of the insulation are placed on the concrete screed. Usually used glass gamble, basalt fiber or extruded polystyrene foam. Some technologies make it possible to make a pile, using flowing thermal insulation materials, including clay.
Screed. After the thermal insulating coating of the flat roofs, one more layer of screed, which protects the insulation from mechanical damage, deformation and wetting.
Waterproofing. After the second layer of the screed, the waterproofing coating is laid, to create modern roofing materials, laid in several layers. Flat soft roof is made from bitumen, polymeric and bitumen-polymer coatings mounted by moving or fill.

Note! Flat roof saves funds spent on the construction of the house, and also provides the ability to use additional space. The operated overlap can be equipped as a summer cafe, a greenhouse, to arrange a swimming pool in it, break the lawn or even grow vegetables. In addition, the popularity is acquired by the projects of "smart homes", independently providing themselves with electricity due to solar panels installed on flat roofs.

Methods of installation

The device of a flat roof, which uses technological materials to strongly depends on weather conditions, humidity and base states. Projects of private houses with such a type of overlap are becoming more popular, so manufacturers seek to introduce new types of coatings, which require less strength, time and skills. Now in the construction market there are roofing materials suitable for roofs of any types, a variety of square. The most common covers are:

Important! The efficiency and service life of a flat roof depends on the compliance with the laying technology of roofing material and proper base preparation. In many cases, the filtered materials can be mounted on directly on the old roof coating, without dismantling it, which greatly simplifies the workflow.

Bituminous materials

Bitumen rolled materials used to cover flat roofs include tol, rubberoid and pergamine. They are produced by impregnating roofing cardboard with bitumen mastic, which is a product of refining oil industry. These are the materials of the past generation, which have a small service life, low strength and bad resistance low temperatures. From above and below, they sprinkle fine-grained, dust-shaped, coarse-grained or scales for protection against mechanical damage and sticking the layers inside the roll. For the construction of roofs, bitumen materials of the following types are used:

Lining. Bitume-based lining materials are used to create inner layers of roofing pie and waterproofing foundations. They are manufactured on the basis of cardboard with a density of up to 370 g / sq. m. Lining products cost cheaper, however, has less durability and durability. The service life of this type coverage is only 2-3 years.
Roofing. Bitume-based roofing materials are used to create upper layer Flat roofs, since they are more dense, durable and resistant mechanical damage. For the production of such products, cardboard with a density of 350 g / sq. m and coarse-grained stone sprinkle. The service life of roofing types based on bitumen is 5 years.

Note! To create a high-quality and durable coating for a flat roof, we set 3-7 layers of rubberoid or roofing: 2-3 lining and 1-4 roofing. Materials are placed in disintegration so that the joints of different layers are located in different places without falling on each other.

Polymer materials

The new generation of the installed materials manufacturers were developed for soft roofs, taking into account the shortcomings of earlier analogues. They solved the problems of low resistance to temperature drops, a short term of use of coatings, unsatisfactory strength. The result of research and application of the latest developments was the production of materials from synthetic rubbers and polymer resins. From the coverings for the roof based on bitumen, they differ:

Note! To mount the polymer material, you do not need to melt the bottom layer using the gas burner. Stacking is performed using hot air or adhesive tapes. Soft surface, heated construction phenomenon, securely glued to the prepared base.

Video instruction

The device of a flat roof is one of the simplest and most convenient ways of mounting.

Therefore, the construction of a flat roof is often often engaged in the construction of residential buildings, and industrial buildings.

The article discusses the functions, advantages and disadvantages of a flat roof on wooden beams, the stages of its installation (destroying, the creation of drainage and roofing pie, the installation of parapet).

Depending on the type of roofing, the device of a flat roof is divided into 4 separate species:

operated;
non-exploitable;
inversion;
traditional.

Positive and negative points

The device of a flat roof in frame houses on wooden beams is increasingly gaining more and more popularity.

The technology of installation of such an exploited roof is so simple that with a small amount construction workEven unprofessional will be able to cope with this task.

Even despite the fact that it is called flat, still horizontal it is not.

With its reconstruction, a small technological slope is still very important - 1 m of length is 1.5-2.5%, provided that it is an exploited space.

In all other cases, this slope, according to SNiP, should be at least 3-10%.

If we are talking about the operation of the coating (professional flooring) on \u200b\u200bthe frame house, it directly depends on the professionalism of the builders who were engaged in its construction.

But at the same time, the choice of materials plays an important role, the properties of which should correspond not only to the terrain, but also other parameters.

In regions with moderate precipitation, the roofs of the corrugated are most often built. The laying of the professional flooring on a flat roof is carried out directly on the beams of overlapping.

It is important that the installation technology and device of flat roofs is observed, since any deviations from the indicated rules, using low-quality materials, are able to cause a decline in the life of not only the roof, but also the structure as a whole.

Benefits:

The device of a flat operated roof based on rolled materials is considered a sample of simplicity and minimalism, from the architectural point of view:
Less area, and therefore saving materials;
Long service life of the roof from the professional flooring;
Easy installation technology and a flat-packer coating device;
Convenience when carrying out vagrases and repair the operated roof houses from the professional flooring;
The possibility of using this site under a cafe or green lawn;
Stability of rolled materials under all weather conditions.

Important conditions:

High strength, which is very important during the period of heavy snowfall when it is under pressure from snow and ice. This indicator is necessarily taken into account when the roof is operated;
Application of materials when equipped with a flat roof of a private house, which are able to withstand strong frost and hot sunshine;
The roof must be thermally insulated and fireproof, according to SNiP.

Operated and not exploited types of coatings

The technology of the device with a flat operated roof implies the wear resistance and strength of roll materials.

Due to this, it is able to be homogeneous even with quite strong uneven and long-term loads.

Such a roof is suitable for walking along it, like a roof from a professional flooring.

The non-exploitable roof from the professional flooring is less wear-resistant, due to the lack of hard base.

But at the same time - the roof of the professional flooring is more durable and does not need special care.

The device of operated flat roofs today is performed using the following materials:

Use of rolled materials;
Application of polymer membranes;
The use of asphalt and bitumen mastics;
The use of materials with liquid rubber.

The device is a flat operated roof from sheets of professional flooring differs in the design of roofing pie from any other roof.

On top of the balancing stacked the parobararier.

Today it is known about several subspecies:

guide;
membrane;
bulk.

Flat roof mounting scheme using different materials Consists of the following steps:

Vaporizoation with pergamin, p / e film, rubberoid;
Insulation with mineral wool, clay, foam plastic;
Device of faders from gravel;
Device in bulk cement-sand or asphalt concrete screed;
Dirting screed;
The device of rolled roofs from polymer membranes;
Installation of the sink and parapel of steel sheets;
System of external drainage;
Installation of funnel for water drain.

How is the flap of a flat roof?

The formation of congestion areas, thawing and freezing, the appearance of vegetation adversely affects the roof, reducing its service life.

Fighting with these phenomena helps the balancing device. SNiP, regulating their device, contribute to the flow of water to funnels from the parapet, even with damage to the roof.

To create a rally on the operated roof of the house there are several ways:

With flowing insulation;
On thermal insulation plates;
With the help of concrete mixes.

The most economical option for a flat roofing device on wooden beams is the use of wedge-shaped polystyrene plates.

This method is considered the least time consuming, in contrast to the rally using a cement-sand tie. The most optimal is considered to create a lower chance with a level of slope 1.7-2%.

All construction and repair work is carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, therefore the soft roof is no exception.

For construction companies, SNiP is the rules that are guided by work. Only in this case the coating will be durable and durable.

To work with each of the rolled roofing materials exist typical technological mapswhich describes a detailed scheme of a flat roof construction process.

While creating typical card Be sure to take into account the requirements for the roofing device.

Thus, when the device is flat roofing houses from rolled materials, SNIP II-26-76 is considered the main regulatory document.

In addition, the positions of SNiP 3.04.01-87 are used, with a description of finishing and thermal insulation coatings, as well as requirements regulating the safety of labor when performing such works.

Device drain on flat roof

The device of the inner drain on the flat roofs of the house helps to eliminate moisture. The most optimal option is the organization of inner drainage.

For this funnel, they are evenly distributed over the surface of the roof, performing removal of water flows during the period of heavy snowfall and shower, not allowing flooding. This is the main function of the drain.

The system of internal drainage and ponya is an indicator of roof care.

This suggests that it is important to carry out the revision of the funnels, cleaning them from dirt, leaves, and also to repair or replace it in a timely manner.

The device of the inner drainage and illegone is a sanitary and technical standard, whose miscalculations are carried out specifically for each individual case.

Initially, many believe that the device of the inner drainage and rally is not so important for residential buildings, but a large functional load is placed on it.

Snof provides for the mandatory presence of inner drainage to protect structures from adverse effects.

The internal drainage device is important to perform correctly, since the assumption of even small errors may subsequently be problems.

At the time of the preparation of the construction project, it is important to schedule the presence of drainage.

We make roofing pie

The installation conditions of the operated roof provide for the mandatory presence of roofing cake, as it prevents the weight loss. The protection of the roof from overheating is also one of the functions of the roofing threshold.

The device of roofing cake for a flat roof meant the presence of such layers:

base;
steam isolation;
insulation;
hydraulic protection.

Each of the elements of roofing pie performs its function. If the work on the creation of roofing pie was performed with a violation of the instruction, the entire system will not function correctly. As a result, the work will have to completely remake.

During the creation of roofing cake, the following items perform:

insulation of steam;
creating a crate;
laying insulation;
work with waterproofing;
ventilation system.

In compliance with all requirements for the construction of roofing pie, you can be confident in a positive result of the work done.

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