Garage lighting - Original ideas for maximum convenience! (78 photos). How to make electrical wiring and lighting in the garage with your own hands - diagram, cable calculation and installation technology Diagram of connecting light in the garage

Quite a few people want to do the installation of electrical wiring in the garage with their own hands. But not many people know how to properly wire the garage.

There are several options here. And when choosing each of them, there is a certain list of parameters that must be maintained.

Both the design of the room box and the materials of manufacture will affect. How to make the electrical wiring in the garage correctly - we will tell you today.

After watching the video and studying the photo, everything can be done with your own hands, because then the price of the work will be much lower.

Wiring methods in the garage

Do-it-yourself wiring in the garage can be done in several ways. It can be mounted directly on walls in an open way.

This is the simplest and "fastest" method, but it has several disadvantages:

In this way, it is impossible to distribute wiring along combustible structures, such as wood, plywood, chipboard, etc.;
This option has an unpleasant appearance;
Such wiring is not protected against mechanical damage.

To get rid of such shortcomings, do-it-yourself wiring in the garage can be done using various boxes:

PVC - boxes... When using such boxes, the wiring has an aesthetic appearance, does not require serious material costs;
Special boxes 100 mm wide... Such boxes allow you to perform any configurations of electrical wiring, especially since they provide places for fixing lighting fixtures. But this option is even more expensive financially and is unacceptable for a garage;
Combined option... One of the promising options that can be offered for wiring in the garage. The essence of this method is that overhead sockets, switches are used, and the wires to them are supplied in thin boxes 15-20 mm wide;
Alternatively, you can offer for wiring PVC pipes , which are fixed with special clips. In terms of financial costs, it is the same as the previous one, and maybe more expensive. It all depends on the prices of PVC pipes. This layout has an excellent appearance.

For the installation of electrical wiring on combustible structures, you can use the following options:

Metal strip wiring. In this case, at a distance of about 2 cm from the surface, the metal strip is fixed to the surface. Electric wires and lighting fixtures are attached directly to the strip;
In a metal box... Such a wiring will be reliably protected from mechanical damage, and it can be done at any height. For quick installation, the box should be equipped with a removable cover, which will also allow, if anything, to quickly replace the electrical wiring.

Attention: When installing electrical wiring in metal boxes or pipes, you should follow the Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Networks and ground all metal elements. It is possible that in this case it will be necessary to mount a ground loop.

When deciding how to wire the garage, you need to consider all the options. There is no single recipe here. In many ways, this will determine the material of the building.

All these methods are good, but there is the simplest, cheapest and practical way- this is the installation of hidden wiring, which is mounted before plastering the walls of the garage (see).

Concealed wiring

It should be noted that now wooden garage in the daytime with fire you will not find. Garages are built from non-combustible materials, such as: brick (see), gypsum block, concrete blocks... Concealed wiring, compared to open wiring, has a number of advantages:

There is no need to make additional costs for the purchase of boxes, pipes, metal strips, and then spend more time and money on their installation;
Fireproof, since there are no flammable materials nearby;
such wiring has full mechanical protection, as it is located under a layer of plaster. Typically used for plastering garage walls cement mortar, but it is strong enough;
The wiring has a modern aesthetic appearance. With this wiring method, only lighting fixtures, sockets and switches are visible;
Quick installation. The completed wiring does not require special installation conditions, since it will eventually be covered with plaster.

Wiring technology

Performing work in stages

You can do electrical wiring in the garage with your own hands in the following order:

First you need to draw a complete one and decide on the number of outlets and lighting fixtures. It is advisable to provide a place for a step-down transformer that will carry the step-down voltage.
Low voltage carrying (36 volts) is necessary for working in the pit. At the design stage, separate the power lines for sockets and lighting. In turn, the garage lighting should also be divided into several lines. For example, separate the lighting on the left and right side of the garage, center lighting and pit lighting. Thus, it will make it possible to protect yourself from unforeseen situations and always be with electricity.
The electrical wiring in the garage begins at the point where the switchboard is installed. A supply line is also connected to this place, which is supplied to the garage by air or by means of a cable in the ground.
Electric wires are routed to the places of installation of electric lighting devices, sockets and switches directly along the walls of the garage, attaching them with any non-rusting material. Very often, plastic bottles are used for this purpose, cut into strips 10-15 mm wide.
At the attachment points, small holes are drilled (with a diameter of 6 mm) and wooden plugs are hammered into them.
Then, using a hammer and nails, strips of plastic bottles, with pre-placed electrical wires.

Attention: If it is planned to install overhead fittings, then at this stage they finish with the wiring and plaster the walls of the garage.

After the plaster has dried, the process of installing electrical wiring is completed by installing sockets, switches, lighting devices and an electrical panel, installing circuit breakers and making all the necessary connections.
Internal garage wiring is done along with the installation of sockets and switches. At the places of their installation, socket boxes for hidden wiring must be installed. They can be installed later, but there is a possibility of damage to the wires and plaster.

Do-it-yourself wiring in the garage is not as difficult a question as one that requires attention. This is where the advice of professionals comes in handy.

Note: The main advice is to make as few twists as possible when routing.

This problem can be solved by abandoning the junction boxes, and all connections can be made directly in the switchboard. The option is somewhat costly - more wires are used for its implementation, but it justifies itself with its reliability.
At the design stage, a separate socket (or sockets) should be provided for connecting more powerful electrical equipment. Some garage owners equip such sockets outside with appropriate switches. This will allow you to connect a welding transformer, circular saw, without loading all other electrical wiring. Naturally, the electrical wiring connected to such an outlet must be rated for the appropriate load.
To save money, you should use wires of different cross-sections. For example, for lighting, a wire with a cross section of 1.5 mm² will go, and for sockets - it is worth taking 2.5 mm², and even then not for everyone.

Attention: It is very important to determine the location of the workbench and install near it required amount sockets, and connect the appropriate wire.

It often happens that the sockets are not installed prudently and mainly one is used, and the rest are "walking". But electricity is supplied to them and a lot of time has been spent to install them.
Remember to apply voltage only after checking the correct installation. To do this, you need to use a special device for measuring resistance. In case of short circuits during installation, the device will show a resistance close to 0, and in its absence it will tend to infinity.

It is not so difficult to do the wiring in the garage with your own hands, but do not forget about safety precautions. Be sure to provide grounding. After all, electricity is a bad joke.

A modern garage without electricity is nothing more than a concrete or brick box for storing auto parts. Electricity in the garage may appear earlier than the roof, because 99% of the tools operate on alternating voltage of 220 V. Therefore, you need to be friends with electricians and power engineers, and, if possible, regularly pay for consumed kilowatts.

Options for connecting the garage to the mains

There are many ways to conduct electricity to the garage. At the same time, it is worth mentioning that even experienced motorists and garage regulars have long abandoned experiments with illegal inserts and connections. On the one hand, power engineers have learned to easily calculate the "freeloaders", on the other hand, if the fact of illegal connection is discovered by comrades in the garage cooperative, the matter will take a very painful turn with far-reaching consequences. Therefore, we act according to the law:

If the garage is in a cooperative of motorists, the easiest way to solve the problem of how to connect electricity to the garage is to write a statement and resolve the issue with the cooperative electrician;
For individual developers, individuals, there is an opportunity to conclude an agreement for connecting to the power grid, after fulfilling the requirements, issue a personal account, book, and pay for the consumed electricity individually;
Electricity can be supplied to the garage according to the "father's friend" scheme. In this case, you can do without a power grid company or cooperative; it is enough to run a cable from a neighbor in the garage. It is clear that the methods of payment for the consumed energy and settlements between the parties are based on personal contacts.

The easiest way is to conduct light on the terms of a garage cooperative. Minimum bureaucracy. The connection time and individual wishes on how to supply electricity to the garage should be coordinated immediately with the chairman and the electrician of the cooperative.

The latter will come to your garage at the most inopportune moment, check the garage connection and wiring for the presence of "hidden" sockets, and after long conversations, simply connect the cable contacts in the junction box from the common line to the input machine or meter. After sealing the input and the electric meter, a payment book and a registration card - technical passport will be drawn up.

With all the simplicity and speed of registration, the way to bring electricity to the garage from the cooperative power grid is not always the most profitable idea. There are several reasons why you should not try to conduct electricity from the cooperative line:

Theft of funds paid by members of the cooperative to pay for consumed electricity. If payment is accepted on receipts, waste or theft of money is inevitable. The only acceptable option would be to pay to the settlement account of the cooperative;
The collective or collective farm method of collecting money has never been distinguished by one hundred percent payment by members of the cooperative for the electricity consumed. If there are private workshops or shops on the territory of the cooperative, most likely, part of the electricity consumed by these offices will be paid from your pocket;
It makes sense to conduct electricity from the cooperative line if the above problems are absent in your cooperative, while the responsible persons impose strict, but reasonable requirements for the arrangement of input and connection.

The simplistic approach on the part of an electrician or chairman to connect a garage to electricity can turn into very serious problems, from fires to regular line breakdowns.

Advice! The most troublesome, but the most reliable way to solve the problem of how to supply electricity to the garage will be an individual connection from the line on the basis of an agreement with the power grid company.

Connecting the garage to electricity with your own hands

To conduct electricity from the nearest power lines, you must contact the service center of the power grid company with a minimum package of documents. Some companies allow submission of an application through a specialized site or web service. The set of documents provided to the network company includes:

A written statement or application for the performance of work on connecting the garage to the power grid;
A technical plan or project for the electrical wiring of the garage with a description of the points of consumption and the total load;
Certified copies of documents proving ownership of the garage.

Important! In accordance with the Rules for Technological Connection, approved by Resolution of the PRF 3861 of 2004, the network office has no right to demand any other confirmation certificates or refuse to connect if the entire package of documents is drawn up in accordance with the law.

Further, in order to correctly conduct the wiring in the garage and install the necessary devices, the network office must issue technical specifications with clearly formulated requirements for the network and equipment that will need to be installed in the garage with their own hands and at their own expense. All work on the arrangement of the wiring from the line to the consumer's premises should be carried out by the power grid company at its own expense. All proposals to install a part of the line in the garage or to install power poles are illegal.

After arranging the equipment and cable provided by the project in the garage with your own hands, representatives of the company are invited to conduct an inspection and record the results of the "audit" in the act. This document enables the company to conduct its part of the line, and then connect the electricity to the input line to the garage.

The procedure for conducting and connecting electricity costs no more than 600 rubles. for one object.

If there are no power lines in the immediate vicinity of a detached garage, and it is not possible to conduct electricity from the nearest consumer according to the “friend of the daddy” scheme, you can try to organize lighting in the garage using a 100-amp car battery and a small wind turbine-generator with a wingspan of 80-100 cm. Such a device will produce 150-200 watts of electricity, which is quite enough for regular recharging and normal lighting.

Arrangement of an introductory part and a garage shield

The easiest way is to conduct electricity inside the room with the help of the so-called gander. This is an inch metal pipe installed on the roof of the building. A pin with a ceramic barrel insulator is attached to the top of the tubular post. If a similar scheme is allowed in the technical conditions issued by the power grid company, you will have to run a three-core SIP cable from the machine on the switchboard through a corrugated or tubular channel and a gander pipe to the garage roof. The height of the gander is assumed to be 200-220 cm, the overhang of the outlet piece of the cable should be at a height of 200 cm. The power grid company must run its cable from the line to the ceramic insulator on the gander. The connection is made by connecting the corresponding cores of the cables.

In most cases, power engineers consider this method of supplying electricity obsolete and insist on an outrigger support. In this case, it is easier for the company to route the cable from the line on the pole to the entrance box on the wall of the building. For a residential building, this method is quite reasonable, but it is not suitable for a garage, since the meters are on outside wall garage premises were often simply destroyed by vandals. It is not easy to convince the power engineers, since the power grid company has a suspicion that it is very easy to connect a welding machine or oven to the contacts on the roof yourself, up to the electricity meter.

The second option, how you can run the cable inside the garage, involves laying the power cable underground in metal pipe from the nearest power line pole. You will need to dig a trench to a depth of 80 cm, lay the pipe and run the cable from the switchboard to the pole. In this case, the steel pipe must come out of the ground to a height of at least 2.5 m.

The easiest way is to run the cable from the line of the garage cooperative. Most often, the line is laid under the eaves of the roof of garages or by air on supports installed above the terminals - ganders. This option to install and connect electricity will cost ten times less than fooling around with a trench. SIP cable from your garage is led through a metal corrugated sleeve to the nearest junction box. Usually there is one box for every two garages.

Conclusion

Inside the garage, the self-supporting insulated wire cable is connected to the input machine and the electricity meter. As a rule, electricians refuse to connect to a simple switch, and they are right. Before conducting electricity, in the garage it is necessary to install an RCD, a meter, a short-circuit protection circuit breaker and packet bags, with which you can turn off individual wiring segments, sockets and interior lighting. Almost the entire amount of work on conducting electricity can be done in the garage with your own hands, but only on one condition - you must have a detailed drawing with detailed description all requirements for the installation and installation of equipment inside the garage.

A well-equipped container for a car or other transport must have well-thought-out electrical wiring. And even if someone managed to establish an apartment (home) electrical network, to fix more than one device with their own hands, there is no need to rush to work. First you need to find out everything and thoroughly understand what exactly needs to be done.

Peculiarities

Electricity in the garage is always needed. Even those who are not going to repair their car or motorcycle are forced to recharge the batteries there and light the room at night. If the garage is also used for repairs, for car maintenance, you will have to sharpen tools, drill and cut, grind, solder, cook metal ... But the inevitable placement of fuel and lubricants nearby, constant dampness and contact with the ground require very careful wiring.

Not every garage owner has enough free time and knowledge. to learn building codes. Unlike electrical work in a house and in an apartment, it is imperative to obtain permission from the board of a garage cooperative or from the owner of a rented parking space. Connection to three-phase 0.4 kV networks will also require agreement with the electricity supplier, the same organization must draw up a project at your request.

Important Requirements

Using a 220 V network imposes much less restrictions on the garage owner. However, he must definitely purchase a meter that can withstand 50 Amp electricity and the appropriate cables. The energy supervision closely monitors the provision of a margin for the loading current. In the event of violations, he has the right to issue an order to dismantle the illegal power grid and even impose a fine on “initiative electricians”.

It is possible to conduct electricity from the house by air and underground.

Cables are suspended in the air, held in place by a supporting steel wire 0.3 cm in diameter. According to current regulations, underground lines are supposed to be pulled in corrugated plastic pipes laid in trenches 0.8 m deep. The bottom of the excavation is sprinkled with sand (layer 0.1 m). A similar line is connected to a personal meter, the segment is protected with a special machine.

To distribute electrical energy, a special electrical panel is used, installed directly in the garage itself. A main machine is provided for it, the same type as installed in the apartment (house). These requirements are key, and all other points depend on the used scheme.

Installation diagram

A high-quality, well-thought-out wiring diagram is the main guarantee successful work... It is important to distinguish between the so-called schematic diagrams and layout diagrams; the first describes the electrical circuit itself, and the second describes the location of consumers (with a note about distances or with an exact scale). For the greatest convenience and to eliminate errors, the wires are denoted with the same colors that they have in real life.

Phase conductors in networks carry hazardous voltages with respect to earth. But connecting an RCD without protective earth will not work in any way.

Residual current devices are differential transformers, adding the input (from phase) and exported (through neutral) currents. In case of insulation damage, when a short circuit to the case occurs, these currents differ and do not mutually extinguish each other.

The leakage current protection will work successfully only if it is directed along its special grounding line. With the help of the main machine, it is possible to de-energize the network when short circuits occur on the main line or when all lines have been simultaneously overloaded. This device is indispensable for repairing, testing the system, and troubleshooting it.

Separate groups are connected to "their" machines in phase circuits. The tires located in the shields are structurally made as strips or bars of copper, brass. Holes are made in them for wires to be tightened with screws.

The work of an electrician with a three-phase garage network does not differ significantly from the procedure already described. It should only be mentioned about two auxiliary phases and triple automatic devices, RCDs instead of the usual ones designed for one phase. The phases are wired as in conventional 220 V lines, together with neutral. The voltage of any pair of phases must be 380 V, with a phase angle of uniform load of 120 degrees.

To build a power grid competently, you will need:

create a diagram with clear and crisp images (symbols);
mark vertical sections of the wiring with "+" signs with the assigned height;
strictly observe the selected signs for sockets, lamps and other elements.

When the schemes are formed, you can start completing the garage electrical network.

Selection of cables and wires

When selecting any cable and wire, you should focus on the voltage of 230 V (it is replacing the old 220 V and will soon become the generally accepted standard).

In most cases, it is assumed that:

ceiling lights are rated at 80 W each;
in the inspection pit there are 3 fixtures for 36 V, 0.1 kW each;
sockets for connecting working electrical equipment for 5 kW in total are displayed in the same pit.

Starting from the transformer, it is worth using closed format copper wire.

If at least part of it is held inside a concrete floor, a 4.5 sq. mm. For sockets in the inspection pit, closed-circuit wires with a cross-section of 1 sq. mm more. More detailed information about the properties of electrical wiring in relation to your garage can always be obtained using special formulas. The thinnest cable is used to connect ceiling lights - 1.5 sq. mm (thinner does not exist).

To save money, it makes sense to buy aluminum wires, especially in the least congested areas.

As in any other room, copper and aluminum should not be bonded - this also needs to be taken into account when selecting wiring. To compensate harmful effect Only double-insulated cables with insulating conductors are capable of negative conditions in garages.

The selection of machines is made "by current". Ceiling light sources need 2.5 A, pit ones - 15 A. The formula for calculating the required power of the transformer is the same as usual. A residual current device designed for a current of less than 20 A and for tripping at more than 20 mA is completely unsuitable, because leakage from serviceable devices is almost invisible.

To place cables and buses you will need:

closed shields;
boxes;
cable channels;
sealed trays.

Most often, such products are made of metal, but an increasing market share is occupied by round and rectangular plastic pipes. Corrugated products should be resorted to only as a last resort, using them is rather tedious. The most modern and practical solution Electricians consider a cable tray with a snap-on cover. Proved pretty good metal-plastic pipes- the same ones that are usually used in plumbing and heating systems.

Installation technology

Having bought everything necessary materials and tools, you can start pulling the wiring. Where it is impossible to make a bend in the form of a large radius of pipes, boxes should be used. They will help to distribute branches and arrange switches properly. It is necessary to fix both the boxes and the connecting pipes and supporting structures as carefully as possible. Responsible owners of garages, both installing wiring with their own hands and turning to professionals, always evaluate the tightness of the joints of any pipe and box.

It is important to remember that even the simplest and most carefully thought out materials and structures by engineers are installed only with careful, painstaking work.

Correctly pulling the cable through the pipe means putting the wire inside first. For this, special heads are used that will prevent sticking and pinching. Only then comes the turn of tying the cable to the wire and passing it through the pipe. It is advisable to use trays on vertical wiring segments, ceiling lamps are suspended on tensioned cables (not energized!).

To make the fastening of the wires in the boxes reliable, it is recommended to either clamp them with screws or to solder the copper strands. Where it is necessary to dock aluminum and copper wires, they are separated by terminals or washers made of other metals. Great attention should be given to grounding. None step-by-step instruction for installing wiring in the garage can not bypass it.

A typical workflow is as follows:

next to the capital structure, they are driven into the ground steel pipe, covered with a zinc layer, 2 m long;
a round steel block with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 cm is welded to this pipe;
a circle of steel is painted with hydrophobic paint and brought into the garage;
it must be laid to the shield, next to which the terminal is placed;
behind the terminal there is a thick copper wire (thickness is a guarantee of low resistance).

Since the garage is a damp and dangerous room, where the risk of electric shock is great, so here it is worth choosing sockets and lighting fixtures that meet the IP44 protection class.

To make a full-fledged workshop, you will have to dissolve three-phase wiring based on a copper cable, the cross-section of which is at least 6 sq. mm. The cable is placed so that the ceiling is at least 11 cm, and the socket and the floor must be separated by 50 cm.It is advisable to maintain the gap between the laying and the heating pipes at least 15 cm.

Many garages are equipped with a cellar, and this part of the room also requires special lighting., that is, laying wires and connecting them to lighting fixtures. The cellar already belongs to damp spaces, where you have to install the power grid as carefully as possible. And when it is also located in the garage, the severity of the requirements only grows. Step-down transformers with a 12V output current should be used.Only after making sure that the room is completely dry, it is permissible to use standard 220V electricity.

It is advisable to show the garage to an experienced electrician before starting work and coordinate the purchase of all components with him. This will allow you to take into account the specifics of the network being created as accurately as possible, avoid mistakes in its construction and failures in operation.

According to those who have already had to create hidden wiring in the garage, the most the best solution- is to stretch cable channels made of non-combustible materials. Smooth surface with inside much more comfortable than a corrugated sleeve. If suddenly the wiring fails, it will always be possible to open a small section of the wall and change the burnt-out wire or even part of the channel.

For all the importance of electrical wiring, care must be taken to ensure that there is a window in the garage.

With its help, natural light is provided and the most economical mode of use of the devices is maintained. This means that the same wires and distribution units will work longer.

Conducting official electricity and

preparation of a complete package of documentation.

In garage cooperatives, the connection to electricity is very easy to solve. You contact the board of the cooperative with a request to connect to electricity, they give the number of a local electrician. We met, looked at what to buy and literally within 2-3 days in the garage a brand new meter is already flaunting and the light is on.

And if your garage is detached (not part of the cooperative) or the cooperative has collapsed a long time ago or the cooperative has never existed. How, then, to connect to the life-giving light? And without a light in the garage it is very bad. The garage seems dark, not pleasant, somehow cold, repulsive. It is not very convenient to park the car in the evenings in the dark. All the time you shine on your phone and a small flashlight, you can't see what you cling to and what you can't find.

You can, of course, do the old-fashioned way, agree with a local electrician, he will drop a wire on the pole on the cheap and voila, there is light, or so the previous owner “electrified” the garage before you.

Article 7.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Unauthorized connection and use of electrical, thermal energy, oil or gas.

Unauthorized connection to power grids, entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 10,000 to 15,000 rubles; for officials - from 30,000 thousand to 80,000 thousand rubles or disqualification for a period of 1 to 2 years; for legal entities - from 100,000 to 200,000 rubles. (as amended by Federal law from 03.11.2015 N 307-FZ)

What to do? Walk and shake that sooner or later they will come, not only will they cut off, they will also fine. And sooner or later they will definitely come.

In such cases, it is worth thinking about the official connection to the electrical networks.

First of all, you need to collect a package of documents to obtain technical specifications. Hand them over to the power grid. They accept documents three times a week for three hours, at not the most convenient time. As in any large government organization, queues are hard to figure out.

During the next working week after the submission of the documents, an electrician will call you to inspect your garage for the possibility of connecting to the electrical network, where the nearest connection point is located. Usually they call daytime and offer to meet at the garage within one maximum of two hours! This is often very inconvenient, especially with our endless traffic jams.

After an on-site inspection by an authorized employee, the technical conditions for connecting your garage to the electrical network are prepared. It often happens that a specialist who prepared those. conditions did not thoroughly understand the situation and does not give out real technical conditions. (we had cases when we issued those conditions for conducting electricity to the garage, it was necessary to build a line of 1.5 km worth 1 million. when it was possible to connect 50 meters away or wrote that it was necessary to lay 80 meters of cable, by an underground method, when it was possible to connect at 5 meters) in such cases, it is necessary to meet with employees, the management of the relevant departments of the distribution zone and prove the illegality of such a decision.

After receiving adequate tech. conditions, it is necessary to directly connect the garage to the electrical networks. Usually this connection is carried out by the installation team of the electrical networks. The cost of their services is certainly not cheap on average from 15 to 25 tr., Depending on the complexity and distance to the connection point (the price includes a cable, meter, necessary limiters and machines). Unfortunately, it is more expensive to refuse their services, because in addition to connecting they give out one linear circuit, a test certificate that everything complies with the requirements of the law. At the end of their work, the garage is already electrified, you can absolutely safely use electricity. From the submission of documents for connecting the garage to the networks, it takes from 1 to 2 months.

Next, you need to sign an agreement with the supplying organization, write an application for opening an account, open an account. The final stage of electricity registration takes about 3-4 months.

Since 2007, our Garage Agency has accumulated experience in supplying electricity to garages in Rostov-on-Don. Resolved whole line not standard tasks. Employees have extensive experience working with specialists from the RES,contacts with each district office have been accumulated.By contacting us you get a fullspectrumservices, from the initial application for technical conditions, the physical connection of the garage to the electrical network, ending with the issuance of the first receipt for the payment of the electricity bill to you.

Dial and Get a FREE consultation... Find out how much it will cost to conduct official electricity in your particular case.

The premises in the garage cooperative, as a rule, are also used as a workshop. Locksmith work, repair and maintenance of a car is difficult to perform in an apartment. Therefore, car owners organize workplace in your own garage.

If you plan on doing more complex work than changing the oil and filters, the room must be electrified. Most garage cooperatives provide a similar service, but the service usually ends up connecting the input to the meter. Further wiring in the garage is done by the owner. Calling an electrician will cost a lot. However, if you have basic electrician skills, you can do the work yourself.

It is only required to comply with some safety measures

The basic rule (informal) is that the gasket should be done carefully, using quality materials. A common misconception: "Any trash will go to the garage" can lead to fire or electric shock.

Key points to know:

The wiring is laid either in the grooves or in a fireproof corrugation. For a garage, this is especially true, since the likelihood of damage to the highway in such premises is higher.
When installing wiring in a metal garage, insulating corrugations are required. Switching equipment is mounted on panels made of dielectric materials.
Consideration must be given to the effects of dampness and corrosive liquids.
It is imperative to separate the lighting line and power outlets into separate circuit breakers.
After the metering device, a general introductory machine is installed: leaving the garage, you can de-energize it in one motion. A separate lighting line is allowed, which will be constantly under load.
The power supply line of the inspection pit (basement) is carried out with separate protection, it is desirable to use a low voltage source (12 volts) with galvanic isolation from the 220 volt network.

A situation often arises when you purchase a garage with electrification already completed. If the electrical wiring diagram in the garage was made by the previous owner with violations, it must be redone.

How to properly plan your garage power supply

Before laying the wiring in the garage with your own hands, you need to draw a diagram. Regardless of the state of the room (a new garage, or equipment has already been placed in it: workbenches, light points, racks), complete the layout.

Lighting is divided into several groups

Important! Installation of lamps and switches on metal walls unacceptable. Use dielectric substrates.

Socket network

The general rule for placing power points in the garage: a duty socket near the terminal board, and a group of outlets in the work areas. Each group is connected to a separate circuit breaker. When the machine is triggered, the entire garage should not be de-energized.

Installation of an electrical panel

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in the garage starts from switchgear... If the electricity meter is located outside, the "reference point" is the input machine. If the counter is inside, the same machine is installed immediately after it. The input machine can be connected in front of the meter (with consumer access), then it is sealed together with the meter.

After the equipment has been sealed by a power sales employee, you will not be able to change the input configuration. Therefore, the wiring diagram in the garage is planned initially, taking into account the location of these elements.

The control room is located as close as possible to the entry point. The shorter the cable length to the first circuit breaker (in your area of responsibility), the higher the safety level.
It is advisable to carry out all the switching in one box. An exception can be made when the meter does not fit your switchboard.
All circuit breakers must be marked. The opinion that “I already remember everything” is dangerous. There are times when you are physically unable to tell rescuers how to de-energize a particular line.
An electrical panel with a metal housing must be grounded. How to make grounding in the garage with your own hands depends on the material of the walls.

Correct organization of grounding

What is "earth" in the garage for?

For fire protection. If a phase (faulty power tool, damaged wire) touches the grounded parts of the structure, heating does not occur, the circuit breaker is triggered.
For protection against electric shock. Only for this, one more condition is necessary: the installation of an RCD.

Grounding is carried out according to standard rules: 3 rigid conductors, connected to each other, are vertically installed into the ground.

A steel bus (copper cable) is routed from the ground loop to the garage. From the ground connection point, wiring is made to the shield, and to the outlet network. The body of a metal garage is grounded on a common basis, and cannot be a connection point or grounding bus.

The use of an ungrounded socket outlet and an ungrounded metal power tool is not permitted! Especially in a metal, grounded garage.

It must be remembered that conventional circuit breakers, grounding are not a guarantee against electric shock. For this, RCDs are intended.

Organization of wiring

From a safety point of view, the question is: "how to do the wiring in the garage with your own hands?" comes first. You can have excellent grounding, an expensive fireproof electrical panel, and the weak link will be a damaged wire with an incorrectly calculated cross section.

Pick up required cable it is possible according to the table.

It should be remembered that the diameter of the copper core and the cross-section of the conductor are different values. If you have a high-quality wire without marking, measure the diameter of the stripped core with a micrometer or caliper, and calculate the cross-section using the formula:

section = 0.785 × diameter²

Classic line routing is not suitable for a garage, junction boxes only increase the vulnerability of the wiring. The best option is a star: one circuit breaker - one consumer (group).

The figure shows the wiring diagram in the garage.

Depending on the material from which the garage is built, we will arrange cable laying. For stone and metal structures the usual corrugation (steel or plastic) is used. It must be remembered that laying the wire in a corrugation only increases the resistance to mechanical damage and is not fire protection. Even the “NG” marking is not a 100% guarantee against overheating fire. Therefore, circuit breakers should not be overly powerful. Optimal overheating response - overshoot permissible current 2 times.

Corrugation with cable is laid in parallel and perpendicular. Diagonals, rounding of corners are not allowed. There should be no shelves or racks in front of the laid lines. It is especially dangerous to crush the insulation with a metal box or canister.

Of course, the electrical wiring can be stored in cable ducts. It is somewhat more expensive than corrugation, but an order of magnitude more aesthetically pleasing.

Backup power 12 volts

In some cases, it may be the main one. Not all garages are powered.

If you will not be using the garage for an extended period, the battery should be completely disconnected from the backup power line.