Features of plastering walls with your own hands: step-by-step instructions with photos and videos. Before and after: how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner, video and step-by-step guide How to plaster walls yourself

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All human labor requires physical strength, waste of time, nerves, financial costs. This rule does not bypass the construction industry, namely, wall plastering, which will be discussed below.

Plastering walls with your own hands is not an unrealistically difficult process, everyone can learn it, you just need to prepare yourself psychologically. It has been proven that plaster directly affects the improvement of sanitary and hygienic standards, heat and sound insulation, protects the room from atmospheric influences (snow, rain, heat, wind), and also increases fire resistance, which adds a huge plus to such laborious work.

What tools are needed when plastering walls:

Preparing the room for plastering

It's great when we plaster an empty room, but often repairs have to be done in living rooms to prepare. We must take out all possible furniture, what is difficult to transport - we move it to the center of the room, cover it with either plastic films or newspapers. Take good care of the wiring, it is better to insulate it.

Having vacated the room, we proceed directly to the preparation of the surface for plastering. First, you need to decide on the choice of application method, as you know, they are of two types:

"Wet" - traditional, means the application of mortars (cement, gypsum, clay);
"Dry" - in part it is not plaster, but rather wall cladding using various building materials, for example, gypsum plasterboards, etc.

The next step is to avoid defects during plastering, here you need to have a little information that contributes to success, which consists in:

Using solutions of normal fat content.
Do not allow lumps of lime to get into the solution (lime should be well slaked) - it will lead to bumps on the plastered surface.
Do not apply the mixture to a very dry, dusty or dirty wall.
It is not advisable to apply the next layer of plaster on the previous batch that has not set.
It is better to take river sand not coarse, in order to avoid surface roughness.

Having mastered the little subtleties, we proceed to cleaning the ceiling and walls. Accordingly, we remove the whitewash, the assistant will be hot water and an ordinary spatula, scraper, hammer. We turn to the old wallpaper, using the previous inventory to help: we moisten the surface itself abundantly with warm water and then remove the remnants of the paper with a steel brush, a scraper.

The prepared surface may not turn out to be perfectly flat, having many small nuances that will ultimately affect the result of the work from the negative side, they must be eliminated. It is necessary to carefully inspect the walls, ceiling. All found cracks, chips, other obvious flaws, without putting it on the back burner, clean it from dirt, wet it well with water using a brush (sponge) and seal with a new mixture.

On close inspection, the possible detection of so-called dutik, which must be eliminated. Therefore, the surface moistened with water is cleaned, then the cleared area is plastered with lime mortar. If the plaster peels off, then that piece should be removed, the surface should be rinsed and plastered.

Plastering materials

A very important factor influencing the plastering work will be the material from which the walls are made. Distinguish between brick, concrete wooden and other walls that require a variety of cleaning methods, taking into account individual qualities.

Cooking the surface of brick walls for plastering

First, we get rid of the old plaster, if any. To make it lag behind better, moisten it with a damp sponge several times. We remove the plaster layer, here a spatula and a hammer can be helped: we tap the necessary areas with a hammer, we pick out cracks that have appeared with a spatula. Then we pass the surface with a brush (iron) or use grinder desired nozzle.

The final stage of preparation is the application of a primer, always in two layers. As soon as the first one dries completely, we cover the walls a second time.

Preparation of concrete block walls

Concrete walls better cleanable than the previous ones, because the plaster holds there much worse. Here, the cleaning will be just two steps:

Liberally soak the whitewash using a sponge, then brush it off with a brush (iron). Then we rinse the surface well. You can use a paste with which to cover the wall with a thick layer, and after drying, comb off unnecessary material.
The second stage is the application of notches (shallow), which guarantees the best result. Some builders replace the notches (after all, the work is not easy) with a simple, not cunning way of priming the walls, the well-known composition of deep penetration (with the addition of sand). True, this method may not always work, so it is better to play it safe by processing a small area.

The next step is important enough. For the "iron grip" of the plaster with the surface, we deepen the seams between the bricks by 5-7 mm. Again, it is advisable to clean the wall, only this time using a soft brush, then walk behind it with a damp kitchen scrubber.

Preparation of wooden walls for plastering

Everything is simple with the preparation of wooden walls for plastering, you just have to tap the wall with a hammer, as the previous mixture itself flies to the floor. To avoid unnecessary debris, dirt, pre-cover with plastic wrap under your feet.

There are small nuances that should be taken into account when plastering wooden walls, which are as follows:

the solution used is firmly held, having previously stuffed the slats on the wooden wall, called shingles (they are stuffed diagonally with nails);

before and after filling the crate, it is recommended to treat the wall with a wood preservative to protect it from mold and harmful insects;

the wall has dried well - feel free to proceed with the subsequent actions.

Exposing lighthouses

Having previously prepared the existing surfaces, we proceed to the exposure of the beacons, which are an integral part of plastering the walls, applying own strength... As a result, plastering the walls on the lighthouses with their own hands contributes to the even application of the mixtures used.

To expose the lighthouses, we need a dowel-nail (self-tapping screw), hammered along the edges of the wall from above and below, opposite each other. After that, we proceed to pulling the thread or fishing line from edge to edge in the horizontal direction. Further, along the entire perimeter of the wall, through each 1 m 80 cm, self-tapping screws (a wall from a foam block, aerated block) or a dowel-nail (brick, concrete wall) are hammered, to which the same thread (fishing line) is strictly tied. Using the level and rule, the level of the wall is determined.

Step three is plastering in. Focusing on the stretched threads, we throw on the kneading available for work with small tubercles, into which we press a special metal beacon.

Mortars for plastering walls

Now that the surface has been prepared and the lighthouses are exposed, it is necessary to move on to the most important "culinary masterpiece" that exists at the construction site, the preparation of a "dish" under a quiet name - mortars for plastering walls.

An excellent and durable result is guaranteed if the plastering is carried out in three layers:

The first, so-called, "spray" is the strongest solution that resembles sour cream in consistency, which is thrown onto a surface 5 mm thick (concrete, brick walls) and 9 mm ( wooden walls). To foresee such a process, you can use a trowel or by hand, wearing thick rubber gloves.
The second layer is referred to as "soil" - the dough-like kneading is applied with a thickness of no more than 10 mm, using such improvised construction tools as a wide spatula or trowel, and then leveled until a smooth, even
Finishing, it is the third, is called "nakryvka". Like the first cover layer, it should resemble a creamy mixture. It is made from fine-grained sand, which is sieved through a construction sieve with meshes of 1.5x1.5 mm.

Naturally ready-made bags of plaster can be purchased at any hardware store, but very often the mixtures are made independently, using cement, lime, gypsum. The most durable is plaster, which is based on cement. To prepare three parts of sand, take one part of cement (3: 1).

Often, other well-known solutions are used:

lime mixture - taken 1: 3, where 3 parts are sand, similarly one is lime;
cement-lime - includes the following proportions 1: 5: 1 (where 1 part includes cement and lime, and 5 parts sand);
gypsum-lime mix - one part of dry gypsum (in other words, alabaster), respectively three parts of a pasty lime mix.

Ways to apply plaster to walls

Plastering walls with your own hands requires certain skills and an idea of \ u200b \ u200bapplication technology. The technology for applying plaster to walls includes three main points: the main ones are the conditions under which the solution is applied; the next aspect is the tools used; the methods of applying the solution play an important role.

As mentioned above, plastering the walls for a result that will delight and faithfully serve a certain number of years should go through three stages, in other words, layers for which certain work skills have been developed.

The fundamental layer is sprayed. The durability of the plaster depends on the correct application of this particular initial and very important layer. Throw slides of the initially prepared mixture using a wooden chip or trowel from the bottom of the wall to the top. The main thing at this stage is to properly spray the wall - we stand not far from the object and make a sharp wave of the hand, more precisely with a brush, which allows you to "sprinkle" the solution for better adhesion to the plane. Using the rule, the appeared layer of plaster should be leveled: by installing it along the guide beacons, pressing on the plaster mixture, pull it upward, distributing the batch with these movements.

The next step is to apply the primer, only after making sure that the first layer has set perfectly. Due to its plastic properties, the batch for the second stage is applied using a wide spatula (for convenience, you can take a spatula with an average width from the container, transferring it to a wide one).

If the plaster passes through the lighthouses, then the second layer (primer) should be leveled along the pre-recessed slats, just following the rule.

The final stage will be the well-known cover, the thickness of which should fold about 2 mm. The essence of this layer is to smooth the surface, to correct all previous defects. The end result is a perfectly smooth surface. The coating is applied to a damp primer, if it has time to dry, then it should be moistened with a roller. To achieve the desired as flat walls as possible, builders often illuminate surfaces with a light bulb so as not to miss a single detail that can distort the result.

The dried finish layer should be wiped off. Grouting basically goes through two stages, implying roughing and smoothing (finishing) work. The rough grout runs in a circular motion, note that in the opposite direction of the watch hand with a wooden or plastic float. The last step is the final sanding of the walls: use the same float, only with felt material. Here the movements go from top to bottom (from the ceiling to the floor), then they are replaced by horizontal ones.

Many modern firms in the construction industry keep up with the times and acquire machine stations. Machine plaster still has a number of its advantages, the most important of which is incredibly smooth snow-white walls, which can be immediately pasted over with wallpaper. The speed of plastering is also indisputable, financial and labor costs are minimized, as well as significant savings in the materials used.

Do-it-yourself high-quality cement plaster of the walls depends on many factors, which are the stages explained above, but the most important thing is a properly prepared batch. The cement mixture at each stage is prepared in different proportions:

spray - 1: 2.5 - 4, where, respectively, 1 part of cement and 2.5-4 - sand;
soil - 1: 2 - 3 (cement: sand);
cover - 1: 2, the components of the proportions are similar to the previous ones.

Plastering the walls with gypsum plaster with your own hands in most cases is used as a finishing layer, thanks to the fine fraction and giving a well-groomed and even appearance.

Sometimes gypsum plaster plays the role of a basis for further wall decoration, without changing the application technology in such cases. But often the initial scope of this mixture is finishing work. It is also a good helper in patching up cracks, chips and leveling out significant irregularities and other obvious defects. A significant plus gypsum plaster is the ease of application in comparison with cement and of course the versatility of use.

Home renovation is always a private matter and only you decide what and how you will do, whether you hire specialists yourself, choose cement or some other plaster, put up beacons or do it without extra costs. Everything is in your hands and the comfort in the house also depends only on you.

Wall plaster is needed for any uneven surface, so wherever you live: in a private house or in an apartment, if the walls are uneven, then before applying the top decorative layer (paint or wallpaper), you first need to plaster the wall.

The choice of plaster material depends on the type of walls. It is also important to consider the working conditions. For external and internal plastering, you will need different materials.

Plaster for brick walls

Wall plaster, when it comes to a brick wall, must be made of cement mortar. If the room has high humidity, or the plaster is carried out outside, lime must be added to the cement. The plaster must be applied in a layer of 3 cm, but the walls must be reinforced first. This will help prevent plaster flaking in the future.

Next, we will provide step-by-step instructions on how to plaster the walls, and tell you what is needed to prepare the cement mortar. Take one part of cement and 2 to 5 parts of sand, add water to this mixture, and start mixing the cement mortar. Water must be poured in gradually so that the solution does not turn out to be liquid. If lime needs to be added to the cement slurry, take one part cement, six parts sand, and previously diluted lime. Mix all materials and add a little water if the solution is thick.

Plaster for concrete walls

Next, we will talk about how to properly plaster walls when it comes to concrete walls. In this case, cement mortar is also used, but gypsum and quartz particles must be added to it. Thanks to quartz, the walls will be slightly rough, this will help the mortar better adhere to the wall surface.

If it is necessary to make a solution with the addition of lime and gypsum, it is necessary to prepare a container with water, and pour one part of the gypsum on top with a thin layer. The mixture must be quickly mixed, after which the solution is stirred for another ten minutes. As a result, it should not be very thick.

If the concrete wall is initially rough, the quartz primer may not be added. For plastering this type of wall, you can use either cement or gypsum mortar.

Plaster for aerated concrete walls

Before plastering the walls for a beginner, you need to treat them with a primer. The foam concrete wall must be plastered with gypsum mortar. However, if you've prepared a cement one, that's okay, you can use it too.

Also, reinforcing fiberglass mesh can be attached to foam concrete walls. If the rules for plastering walls with your own hands seem very complicated to you, and it is difficult for you to knead the solution yourself, you can use ready-made mixtures that are sold in hardware stores. For beginners, this option will be very convenient, since you do not need to buy the ingredients separately, nor to measure the proportions in which the materials need to be added to the solution.

In the process of plastering walls, the appearance of dirt and dust cannot be avoided. It is necessary to strictly adhere to technological recommendations. Before starting work Prepare the following tools and materials:

level;
Master OK;
the container in which you will knead the solution;
construction mixer;
short and long rule;
square;
putty knife;
construction mixer;
plaster mix or all ingredients separately;
primer.

Before plastering the wall with plaster, it is necessary to carry out these preparatory work:

At the first stage, we clean the walls. For example, if it is wallpaper, you need to remove it entirely so that no pieces of paper remain on the wall. For a brick wall, you need to make a centimeter sample of the seams. If the wall is concrete, it is necessary to make incisions 3 mm deep and one and a half cm long. square meter there should be about 250 notches. This will help create Better conditions adhesion for plaster mortar.
If you need to plaster wooden walls, you first need to fill the shingles. To do this, you will need pieces of plywood. You can also use a mesh netting. It needs to be fixed to the wall through plywood strips.
At the next stage, we wet the walls with water using a broom or sprayer. Concrete walls must be primed. For aerated concrete or sand-lime brick walls, use a penetrating primer. If the surface is highly absorbent, it is best to treat it twice.

Also, the primer additionally strengthens the walls. Before applying the primer, the walls must be cleaned of dust and dirt. Using a putty knife, remove old plaster that is already flaking. Wait until the primer is completely dry before applying new plaster.

If you find cracks in the wall, they must be repaired. The percentage of crack filling depends on their depth. If the crack goes deep into the wall, you must first expand it. When expanding the wall, you will definitely get a certain gap in which there will be particles of dust and old plaster. Using a brush, it is necessary to remove all dust, and then treat the crack with a primer. After the primer has dried, it is necessary to putty the crack using gypsum or cement mortar. This can be done with a spatula. The layer of putty must match the layer of the wall.

If the crack is shallow and very narrow, the seal can be made with silicone or sealant. Use a thin nozzle (usually it comes with the balloon), direct it into the crack itself and apply the solution inside. If the crack is very large, the best method terminations will polyurethane foam... However, you do not have to wait for the primer to dry. In this way, the wall is sealed, however, often the polyurethane foam protrudes to the surface. You need to cut off all the protruding parts to make the wall smooth.

As you may have said earlier, plastering walls for a beginner is quite difficult. Therefore, the ideal option would be to use a ready-made plaster solution. This mixture is sold at a hardware store. Be sure to study the packaging before starting work, the plaster consumption will be written on it, as well as all instructions for preparation are given. A 30 kg bag typically uses about 18 liters of water.

Any mixture must be thoroughly mixed, for this a special construction mixer is used, or you can use a mixer attachment. In this case, it is compressed in the chuck of an electric drill. First, knead for 5-7 minutes, then you need to wait another 5 minutes, and then continue kneading until all lumps disappear in the mixture.

Before mixing the mixture, make sure you have everything ready, as the mortar can be used for about 30 minutes after mixing it. If a little more time has passed and it has become more viscous, you can no longer add water!

If you decide to plaster the walls with plaster for the first time, we recommend that you make the mortar in small parts, since there is a high risk of ruining the entire bag, and then you will have to buy a new mixture.

Next, we move on to applying the plaster in several layers. The first layer is called spatter. The thickness of the first layer of plaster should be 0.4-1 cm. The first layer can be applied by throwing or spreading plaster. When throwing, the plaster is drawn into a special spatula, and, with imparting force, is pounced on the wall. The swing of the arm should be small, in this process only the brush works. This will help keep the plaster from flying around. This method helps the plaster to penetrate well into the surface.

When spreading, it is enough to spread the plaster on the wall with a trowel. After you need to eliminate the strongly protruding parts, then you can not level the layer. At this point, we described how to start plastering the walls, and now we will talk about the second layer called the ground.

The primer, or as it is called in abbreviated form, the primer, should resemble dough in its consistency. Before starting the second layer, you need to understand how to check the plaster of the walls at the time of applying the first layer. To do this, you need to press your finger on the previously applied layer and see: if there are no deformations on the surface, then the spray is already dry.

When priming a surface, it is very important to treat the entire wall, including any small gaps that may have formed during the first coat. Next, you need to level the surface, you need to do this starting from the bottom and going up.

To internal plaster the walls with their own hands were made with high quality, after priming the walls, the surface should be perfectly flat. To achieve this effect, take a half-scrubber and drive it along the wall, drawing horizontal and vertical lines. If the wall is wooden, apply this 2 cm layer and then leave it to dry.

We have already talked about how to start plastering walls, what the second layer should be, and now we will talk about the third, penultimate layer of plaster.

This layer is called a cover. Its main goal is to eliminate the shortcomings that could have formed in the process of carrying out the previous stages.

The previous two layers resembled dough in consistency; after covering, we cook in such a way that in its density it resembles sour cream. It is very important that the surface is perfectly flat, so there should be no lumps in the mixture. To do this, we first sift all the ingredients necessary to create the solution through a special construction sieve.

In order to properly plaster the walls, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the sequence of applying all layers and carrying out the above works. Therefore, follow these instructions in the order they are listed.

At the next stage, it is necessary to moisten the wall with water, and then apply the prepared solution. To do this, use a special plastering trowel. Next, take a half-trowel and smooth the resulting layer as much as possible with slow circular motions. The technique of applying the previous and this layer is slightly different. If earlier we were waiting for complete drying, then at this stage it is necessary to immediately start grouting.

Such a process as plastering a wall with your own hands, is quite lengthy. Therefore, everything does not end in the previous three stages. Next we will tackle the plaster grout.

Grouting must be done in circles. The movement should be counterclockwise. This process is carried out using a wooden float. This tool has a sharp point that will help cut off any protruding areas. If the previous layer begins to dry out, you can moisten it with water.

In our material, we tell you in detail how to learn how to plaster walls, so we decided to tell not only about one method of grouting, but also give you some variety. Therefore, the next method is called overclocking.

On the one hand, learning how to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner, you have already received a lot useful information, and we could stop there. You learned about different materials, such as wall plasters, learned how to apply it in layers, but you want the work to be at the highest level. Therefore, we will tell you about the next step, which is used after circular grouting so that a perfectly even layer comes out.

Take a grater and press it to the surface, at the same time try to make sharp strokes. You can also go with a float along the entire wall, it must first be upholstered with felt or felt. This will help you remove circular marks by learning about types such as wall plasters, as well as learning all the rules and doing the work without the use of outside help.

If you have large irregularities on your wall, use this method to help you evenly apply the required layer of plaster. To do this, we apply wall plaster on the lighthouses, and at the first stage we mark the walls.

It is very difficult for a beginner to immediately figure out how to properly plaster the walls with plaster, so the markup will help him do everything right. Different materials can be used as beacons. For example for brick walls metal guides are suitable, for wooden ones - shingles.

This method can be called very popular among DIY wall plastering methods. The main thing is to follow all the points strictly observing their sequence:

We draw a vertical line, and along this line we apply the solution with spots. Beacons will be fixed in these places. The lighthouses should be about 2 meters long. And in order to complement the row to the height of the wall, we use segments.
Use a spirit level to press the beacon into the solution. Make sure that the profile is vertical all the time. In the same way, we expose beacons at the other end of the wall.
You can also fix the lighthouses with plaster, but we recommend using alabaster, as it will cool down much faster.
To understand where the remaining beacons will be attached, take the cord, and pull it down between the beacons that are in the corners. To secure the cord, either drive the dowels into the masonry or screw in the screws.
In order to determine the optimal width of the plaster layer, move the cord along the length of the beacons. If it hits them against the wall, correct the beacons.
In the next step, mark the wall to install the remaining shirts. They should be located at a distance of one meter from each other. This will make it easier for you to work with a short rule.
We recommend using the rigid fixation method, this will make it easier to place the beacons along the cords. It is necessary to screw in the screws in such a way that the caps are located at the level of the cord. Next, throw the solution onto the wall. And the beacon must be installed higher than the screw, do not forget to control the vertical position. The level should always rest on the screw, this will help you align the profiles in one plane.

Now that all the complex manipulations have been carried out, we will tell you how to plaster the walls with your own hands using this method.

We apply a plaster solution to the walls in those places that are between the profiles. This can be done with a construction trowel. The speed of the process depends on how quickly the plaster dries, depending on this, one or another wall area can be covered. If the wall is solid, you can cover a wider area, but if it is porous, work will go a little slower.

We are sure that initially you were interested in one question: how to learn how to plaster walls, today you have learned a lot of new things, namely the nuances that arise in the process of work. There are quite a few of them, but do not be afraid, using our instructions you can perform the whole process professionally.

When leveling the plaster using the rule, support it against the beacons, and, with a little pressure, move vertically along the wall. Try not to press hard on the rule so as not to remove the even coating. The final leveling is done with a light float. After the process is over, remove the beacons from the wall and seal the remaining holes from the beacons with a spatula level with the surface of the walls.

Earlier we talked about how to check the plaster of the walls. To understand that it is completely dry, press on it with your finger, if no dents have formed, then the plaster is completely dry. After all the work has been done, it is better to leave the walls to dry out for a few days.

We hope we have answered all your questions in detail, and if something remains unclear, watch the video in which this process is clearly shown.

How to properly plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video

Evgeny Sedov

When hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

This question is pondered by everyone who decided to start self-repair apartment, house or other premises. Plastering helps to level the surfaces of partitions, walls or other surfaces, making them perfectly flat. How to eliminate visible defects on the plane using the mixture?

The better to plaster the walls

Before leveling the surface, you must know how to properly plaster the walls and what kind of plaster is:

Regular. It is used for the purpose of leveling the work surface, so that later it can be applied with a thin layer of decorative coating. Ordinary plaster protects the walls from the outside from the harmful effects of the environment.
Special. Designed to improve heat and sound insulation of the room. This kind of mixture creates a screening layer on the surface, which protects against X-rays, etc.
Decorative. Serves finishing, increases the aesthetic expressiveness of the structure.

For plastering walls, the following mixtures are often used:

Lime-sand mortar. It is recommended for interior decoration, due to the fact that its consistency is less durable, in contrast to a cement-sand mortar. The advantage of this mixture is its environmental friendliness and ease of use.
Cement-sand mortar... It can be used for leveling internal and external surfaces. The composition for a relatively low cost can change your brick garage or serve as a base for tiles in the bathroom. When working with such plaster, you can achieve the correction of significant defects in the walls. If the mortar has been properly prepared and applied to the wall, then the street covering will last for many years.
Plaster mix. Suitable for interior decoration. The use of selenite and alabaster guarantees an absolute smoothness of the surface. The plaster mix finishing process is quick and easy. The disadvantage of the coating is its high price and instability against moisture.
Magnesian mixture. It is an additional component in the preparation of specialized plaster, with the help of which finishing works are carried out indoors.

Wall plastering technology

To a person performing renovation work, you need to know how to properly apply plaster on the walls. Then you can already determine the tools necessary for work:

Plastering Trowel - Main Inventory finishing works, which is indispensable. Thanks to it, the process of dosing raw materials, mixing, pouring, leveling the solution is carried out.
Liter bucket. It is necessary for the dosage of the finishing material and the careful application of the mixture.
Half-cuts. There are different sizes and are intended for leveling the finished surface and grouting the last layer.
Lighthouses are reiki-rules, with the help of which the level of application of the solution to the surface is determined.

If all the tools that are necessary for finishing are available, then you can proceed to direct alignment. To do this, you need to know how to plaster walls with your own hands. The process involves:

Cleansing, moisturizing and thoroughly preparing the walls. If the covering is brick, then the seams should be cleaned, the depth of which will be at least one centimeter. On wooden and cinder-concrete walls, frequent notches must be applied or covered with a reinforced mesh with a cell diameter of no more than five centimeters. It is better to cover the mesh with paint so that it does not get damaged by corrosion.
Placement of husk on a previously prepared surface. That is, mortar marks are smeared in the corners, which are equated to the thickness of the required layer of plaster mass. Beacons are attached to these places and the solution is thrown into the cavity between the marker and the wall in three layers: the first is a spray of five millimeters with a liquid mixture, the second is the soil, which is the thickest layer (thicker than the spray), the third is a cover of two millimeters applied to the ground, which has already frozen, and then leveled.
Plastering the main wall in three steps. Beacons are placed on it, and then a solution is thrown.
Grout. The applied composition is rubbed with the help of trowels with intensive circular movements, and the remaining relief depressions are filled with fresh plaster.

How to level the walls with plaster

Plaster is wonderful finishing material which promotes perfect alignment. How to plaster walls correctly? For this you need:

Remove wallpaper trim, top layer of plaster that was previously on the surface. Try to rid the walls (brick, others) of cracks, chips, voids.
Apply the correct coat of primer to ensure that the new plaster adheres perfectly.
Measure the curvature of the surface before directly installing the pendulums. Apply a level to it and calculate the difference between the upper and lower points. The site should be chosen at least one and a half meters in order to establish accurate curvature indicators. If the difference is less than a centimeter, then leveling can be done with putty, but noticeable differences need plastering.
Fix the beacons with alabaster in a vertical position along the entire length to the upper drops. Pull the thread on the profile from top to bottom.

It's time to find out how to properly plaster the walls: first of all, we prepare the mixture, and after that we apply the mortar from the pendulum to the pendulum with casts. The process will go much faster if you use a special technique - a compressor (gun) for plaster. After drying one layer, apply another. Do not try to level the plaster at once, it is impossible. Apply the leveling layer with a spatula. It is subsequently rubbed over with a trowel or sandpaper.

Plastering walls on lighthouses

Beacons help to keep any surface perfectly flat. They clearly allow you to see how much plaster should be applied. Plaster on lighthouses is carried out in the classic way, which is often used in construction: pulling on a pair of cords parallel to the floor and ceiling, vertically and diagonally. This method of marking gives a clear idea of the unevenness of the walls, which should be covered with plaster.

The distance between the cord and the working surface is chosen arbitrarily, but it must be sufficient so that there is no contact. The first two marks should be placed in the corners of the wall with an indent of fifteen to twenty centimeters and fastened with alabaster. Intermediate ones are installed along the cords that are stretched between the profiles coming out of the corners. How then to plaster the walls correctly? The solution is applied from lighthouse to lighthouse.

Aligning walls without beacons

The advantages of plastering with this method are savings, since the consumption of finished plaster is significantly reduced due to application in a thin layer and due to the absence of labor-intensive preparatory work for setting up beacons. So, for alignment without beacons follows.

By doing overhaul apartment, office or home, you will surely face the need for plastering work. This process is very time consuming and requires professional skills. Therefore, it would be better to entrust this work to specialists. But if, in order to save the repair budget, you decided to finish the walls yourself, then before mixing the solution, check out the complete guide to plastering walls with your own hands given in our article.

Plastering the walls takes place in several ways.

In a plane, using a rule (no beacons). This option is suitable if the walls as a whole are fairly flat, without drops and strong deviations.
Aligning the walls with the lighthouses. The second method is suitable if the walls have significant deviations and irregularities.

Requirements for plaster

The main requirements for the quality of the plastering work carried out are set out in SNiP III-21-73. It is especially important to know them if you decide to do the work not on your own, but to hire workers. The quality of work is divided into 3 parts: for simple, improved and high quality plaster.

With simple plaster, vertical deviations of no more than 3 mm per 1 m are permissible, but no more than 15 mm for the entire height of the room. Thus, the maximum deflection of the wall with ceilings of 2.5 m is 7.5 mm. Smooth irregularities are acceptable, for every 4 sq. m. - no more than 3 pieces. Their height or depth should not exceed 5 mm. Horizontally, the maximum deviation is 3 mm per 1 m.
SNIP for improved plaster requires stricter adherence to tolerances. Vertically - no more than 2 mm per 1 m, but no more than 10 mm for the entire height of the room. The presence of smooth irregularities is permissible - no more than 2 pcs. by 4 sq. m., less than 3 mm deep. For each meter horizontally, a deviation of no more than 2 mm is permissible.
The most stringent requirements in SNIP are indicated for high quality plaster. Vertical deviations should be less than 1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 5 mm per room height. The maximum allowed is the presence of 2 irregularities per 4 sq. m., less than 2 mm deep. At 1 m horizontally, a deviation of no more than 1 mm is permissible.

Aligning walls with beacons

It is in this way that significant irregularities in the wall can be removed. Beacon profiles will serve as a limiter so that the work is done perfectly even with a tolerance of 1 mm / sq.

Cost of work

The price for plastering works is from 600 rubles. per sq. m. Let's calculate how much you can save if you don't hire workers.

First of all, you need to buy a hammer drill and a 2 m bubble level. All other consumables will be listed below. For all these accessories, 6000 rubles will be enough, so you will save money after leveling one wall with an area of 15 sq. m.

If you want to align walls with an area of 90 sq. m., then the savings will be at least 30,000 rubles! The entire tool will remain with you forever, and if you already have it, then it's a sin not to use it. If we plaster the walls ourselves, we will definitely be sure of their quality.

Choosing a mixture for plaster

To better understand the wall leveling process, see the following on plaster:

The last stage is plastering. To make this easier to do, it is better to start grouting before the grout dries. To do this, you need to dilute the plaster in small portions in a more liquid consistency. Moisten a small area of the wall about 1 square meter before grouting.
Apply the solution to the bevel and spread it with a thin layer. Then flatten this square with a small 45 degree angle, with strong pressure.
Continue smoothing the square until the solution stops accumulating on the bevel, while removing its excess. The surface should be flat and smooth.
Repeat these steps, but smooth each new square overlapping the previous one. Try to work without interruption, distracted only by mixing the solution.

Note! If you are producing for tiling, the minimum plaster layer should be 10 mm. In addition, grouting is not required, since for the greatest adhesion of the tile to the wall, it will be necessary to create artificial irregularities.

The result of the work is shown in the photo:

Facade plastering

The plastering of the external walls (facades) on the lighthouses is almost the same technology as inside the premises. The main thing here is to observe temperature regime... The outside temperature must be above freezing.

For facades, a mixture based on cement and sand is usually used. For greater durability, the facade can be attached metal mesh and plaster on it. It is especially important to use mesh if the walls of the house are made of sand-lime bricks.

We have examined in detail how to properly plaster walls using lighthouses. Now you can easily do these works with your own hands. Do not be discouraged if you do not succeed in this business the first time, everything goes with experience, and you will definitely learn how to make the walls perfectly even. We also recommend that you read our article about.

Unfortunately, the quality of their finishes is often such that you can neither stick wallpaper nor paint without preliminary works impossible. The best decision In most cases . We offer detailed full instructions on the walls with your own hands. It will help even a novice master to cope with a difficult job.

Varieties of plaster mixes

Two types of materials are used to level surfaces. Their main difference lies in the base, on which all the characteristics of the solution depend. This could be:

cement;
gypsum.

Quartz sand of various grain sizes, plasticizers and other fillers are added to the base, which determine the purpose of the plaster paste. So, coarse sand allows you to level significant drops, while fine sand is used only for applying the last layer, covering fine roughness.

Let's take a look at the pros and cons of each type of material.

Cement compounds

They are distinguished by their special strength, resistance to mechanical stress. They are not afraid of moisture, can be used in rooms with special conditions: kitchens, etc. They do not collapse from temperature extremes, are durable, have a low cost and can be made by hand. Even significant drops are well leveled. If a layer with a thickness of more than 20 mm is applied, a reinforcing mesh must be used.

Lime, clay, gypsum, which impart plasticity and antiseptic properties, can be used as fillers. Of the shortcomings, a large mass should be noted. cement mortars... They give a significant load on the base, which must be taken into account. Low ductility leads to shrinkage and possible cracking. For the same reason, it is quite difficult to lay such a paste. Moreover, it does not lie on all grounds. The cement dries for a long time, completely hardens only after a month.

Gypsum mix

The main advantage is plasticity and ease of application. The paste fits well on any base and sticks to it tightly. Gypsum is lightweight. Even a thick layer of such a mass will not weigh down the structure. She never shrinks, practically does not crack. Dries much faster than cement analog. The finishing mass is so good that subsequent filling is often unnecessary.

The most significant disadvantage of the material is hygroscopicity. Gypsum easily absorbs water, soaks and breaks down. Therefore, it is forbidden to use gypsum varieties for outdoors or in rooms with high humidity. Moisture-resistant mixtures are available for interior styling, but they should also be used with caution. The disadvantages include the high cost of the material and the lack of the possibility of it self-made.

How to plaster walls correctly: the choice of tools and material

To make it clear to the novice master what is required to carry out the work, we list everything you need.

, plaster or cement. We choose depending on the purpose of the room and our own skills. It is easier for a beginner to work with plaster, but it is more expensive and can only be used for dry rooms.
Suitable primer. It is necessary to prepare the foundation.
Beacons. Installed in case of large differences and the presence of significant irregularities on the surface.
Long rule. If it is planned to install beacons, we choose a length of 250 cm, 200 cm will be enough to pull out the solution.
Bubble level 200 cm long and plumb line.
Wide spatula and trowel for applying the mixture.
A special construction float and a metal iron to eliminate roughness.
Bucket and perforator with a special attachment for mixing plaster paste.

In addition, you may need to fix the beacons, a tape measure for accurate marking.

Next steps will differ depending on the material to be worked with.

Concrete

Such a base is quite smooth, in order to improve its adhesion to the mortar, it is recommended to make notches. They are performed at a short distance from each other, deepening by 10-15 mm. Then they cover everything with a primer. Given the hardness, the job will be very time consuming. Therefore, you can do otherwise: prime it with a special primer. Select a deep penetration adhesive primer.

It contains sand, which, after drying, should remain on the base. Sometimes this technique does not work well, so it is recommended to test the primer before plastering. They treat a small area and wait until it is completely dry. Then hold it with your hand. If the roughness is well felt and the sand does not crumble, the entire surface is treated. Otherwise, notches are made.

Brick

Despite the fact that it is quite rough in itself, it is recommended to walk over the cleaned material with a grinder or wire brush. The seams between the bricks must be embroidered, so the mixture can get into them, which will improve the adhesion of the plaster. Then dust is removed first with a brush and then with a damp cloth. Finally, two coats of primer are applied.

Wood

In order for the plaster mass to firmly anchor on a wooden base, it is necessary to equip the crate. It is made of slats, which are also called shingles. Elements are nailed diagonally. It is important to use only high-quality shingles, additionally treated with an antiseptic. Otherwise, it will quickly rot and destroy the coating.

To facilitate the task, you can use a netting mesh instead. It is nailed to slats that fit between the base and. They, like shingles, can serve as beacons during the alignment process. In this case, the elements are set strictly according to the level. All wooden parts are treated with an antiseptic and dry well, only after that you can plaster the lathing.

Technology for applying solution on beacons

Used to compensate for significant differences. Metal guides are used as landmarks to show how the walls are. You should not save on their purchase. High-quality metal can subsequently be left inside the base, and it will not rust over time. It is better to remove parts of dubious quality, which is rather laborious.

The guides are installed along the entire length of the wall at a distance of about 150 cm from one another. Such a distance is chosen so that during the alignment process the rule moves along two adjacent profiles. They are set strictly in level and securely fixed to the base. The easiest way to do this is to use a gypsum solution, which sets quickly and holds the elements securely. Can be mounted on self-tapping screws, but this is more difficult.

Then the plaster mortar is prepared. This should be done in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Next, they start plastering:

Outline. We throw the mixture onto the base. This can be done manually, with a trowel, or with a special device if mechanized laying is intended. The thick paste is collected on the tool and with some effort it "sticks" onto the base. A layer with a thickness of about 5 mm is placed on concrete, and on wooden 8-9 mm. We put the rule on the beacons and pull the cover up from bottom to top, leveling it. Leave it to dry for at least 2 hours.
Priming. Prepare a dough mixture. We apply it with a wide spatula, performing movements in an arbitrary direction, but with some effort. Using the rule, we check the alignment quality. Remove all protruding areas with a grater soaked in water. Gently rub a small amount of solution into the cavities. Leave to dry for at least 3 hours.
Covering. We prepare a solution of a creamy consistency. You can apply it with a spatula or draw it into a bucket and pour a small amount of liquid paste from top to bottom. We smooth it out with the rule, completely leveling the base. Let it dry for 8 hours, then slightly moisten and clean it with a construction float.
Plastering yourself is not so difficult, even if a novice master takes up the matter. Skills are developed in the course of work. Before taking on the finishing, it is advisable to practice in a small area. So you can identify all the "weak" spots, work with them, get the necessary skills and a little experience.

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