Swimming pool ventilation systems. Preparation of a pool ventilation project in a private house

There were so many stages in the history of the construction of swimming pools. They served as the standard of luxury and were sources of inspiration in ancient Rome and Greece. In Italy in the 18th century they represented the basis of architectural art, combining swimming pools with non-standard architectural solutions. Pools have been banned for a while catholic church as sources of natural pleasures.

The world's first swimming pool was created in the bath complex in Bremen, Germany in 1877. He was the founder of the construction of swimming pools, created its basic principles, once again emphasized the German thorough approach to this structure. The first projects for swimming pool buildings were developed, including heating and ventilation systems.

However, the warmth and excessive humidity in the air created a stifling atmosphere in the pool room. Understanding this problem and trying to solve it, were the starting point of technical thought to create a comfortable air environment pool premises. On the other hand, high humidity in the room leads to the development of corrosion processes in the metal structures of the pool, the appearance of mold and the creation of excessively wet surfaces of the fence. These emerging problems led to the idea of the need for artificial ventilation of the room, the creation of control systems in order to maintain favorable parameters of the air sphere.

Supply ventilation of swimming pools

To create the necessary air conditions in the pool room, supply ventilation must be organized. The solution to this issue is carried out by a ventilation unit that sucks in outside air from the street and prepares it for various mechanical impurities. Then, depending on the cold or warm period of the year, the region, the heating or cooling of the air follows. Only after such treatment, the air is directed and distributed through the room by means of a fan. The most suitable equipment for this purpose are supply ventilation units VEZA VEROSA ( floor placement) or VEZA AIRMATE (suspended version). The units have a heat-insulated body and are manufactured using modern equipment and modern technologies.

When organizing only supply ventilation in the pool, we are faced with the following problem - what to do with the air that is supplied to the room? After all, it is logical that he should be removed from there in exactly the same way as he entered the room. In fact, air has several paths, and these are:

squeezing out air, under the pressure of a supply fan, from the room, through the cracks of doors and windows. However, in this case, one should expect that a strong whistle from the squeezed out air will be heard in the doors and windows, well, they will open / close with some difficulty. Let's count a little - let's assume that the air exchange rate is on average about 5 units. The volume of the room is, for example, 200 m3. Total air exchange is 200 m3 5 h-1 = 1000 m3 / h. The standard door measures 2000 mm x 800 mm. Suppose that the gap under the door is 1 cm high. The total area of the gap will be 0.8 m 0.01 m = 0.008 m2. Air speed in such doorway, with a calculated air exchange, will be 1000 m3 / h ÷ 3600 ÷ 0.008 m2 = 34.7 m / s. Such a high air velocity in the gap will definitely cause a lot of noise;
squeezing out the air, under the pressure of the supply fan, from the room, through the openings of the windows. If in the summer this decision may be acceptable, then in the cold period of the year such a choice may seem at least strange;
squeezing out the air, under the pressure of the supply fan, from the room, through the pre-provided natural ventilation channels. In this case, the removal takes place through the embedded shafts, but in this case the regulation of the volumes of the removed air becomes more complicated, and it should also be understood that through these channels the air will be removed in the same way as through the cracks and leaks in the door and window openings;
removal of exhaust air from the room by means of mechanical exhaust. In this case, in the room, along with the supply ducts and air supply nozzles, exhaust air ducts with their own set of air intake openings are also provided. Air extraction is carried out thanks to the operation of the exhaust fan.

Exhaust ventilation for swimming pools

It would be logical to ask the question: is it possible to organize only the exhaust ventilation of the swimming pool, without the supply ventilation? Let us think about this - the arrangement of only an exhaust hood will provide a controlled and full-volume removal of exhaust air from the pool room. However, it is impossible to infinitely remove air from a room to which air is not supplied. Accordingly, the air inflow will be carried out in the same way as it was removed in the previous examples, i.e. through the cracks and leaks of window and doorways... Here, one more problem will be added to the problems described above - the air will leak into the pool room by no means heated, but just the opposite. For example, it is good if the adjacent room is a recreation room with a temperature of about 20 ° C, but it can be different. Also, air leaks from the street are not excluded, which is especially critical during the cold season. This will mean drafts and icing in the crevices. There is only one conclusion - in the overwhelming majority of cases, it is incorrect and risky to organize only supply or only exhaust ventilation. Although, in fairness, in some cases, when the decision is justified by calculations and a project, such an approach cannot be ruled out either.

And now, finally, we come to the realization of the need to equip all the same supply and exhaust ventilation of swimming pools. Supply and exhaust ventilation can also be arranged different ways- it can be two separate ventilation units (supply and exhaust), for example VEZA VEROSA, each of which performs its own work. However, it would be most expedient to combine both of these installations into one and thereby save on installation space. VEZA's range of products includes specialized installations for ventilation of swimming pools AQUARIS. These installations, along with providing a comfortable microclimate in the pool room, also allow you to significantly save on heating the supply air, due to such built-in equipment as recuperators, heat pumps.

The use of the air handling unit gives the customer the opportunity to obtain a full-fledged air exchange in the pool room. It is very important to observe the negative imbalance in the room when setting up the unit. This means that the amount of air removed from the pool room should be slightly larger than the amount of air supplied to the same room. Existing standards (SP 31-113-2004) tell us that the volume of the extract air should be greater than the supply air by no more than half of the ventilated volume of the room (0.5 krat). Next, you should also pay attention to the air speed. So, in order to avoid discomfort, drafts and intensification of moisture evaporation, the air speed in the swimming area and above the water surface should be at the level of 0.15 ÷ 0.20 m / s. To prevent aerodynamic noise from the air at the outlet from the air distribution grilles, an outflow velocity of the order of 2 ÷ 3 m / s should be observed.

Swimming pool ventilation design

Based on the wishes of the customer regarding the area of the pool, its shape, available construction areas, and other wishes, the designer draws up the construction part of the project, which also specifies the thickness and materials of external fences (walls bordering the street), including windows. This is important from the point of view to avoid moisture condensation on the inner surfaces of the outdoor enclosure. For example, assume the indoor temperature of the pool is 28 ° C and the relative humidity is 60%. The dew point temperature for these air parameters will be about 19.5 ° С. This means that from our internal air, upon contact with any surface, the temperature of which is equal to or less than 19.5 ° C, moisture will drop out on the same "cold" surface. Because external walls and glass of windows are in contact with the external environment, then they are a kind of risk factor. Taking the outdoor temperature equal to -25 ° С and building outer wall by laying one brick (250 mm), we get a temperature on the inner wall of about 15.5 ° C, which is definitely below our dew point - there will be condensation. Even laying one and a half bricks (350 mm) does not save the situation, because the temperature on the inner surface will still not exceed our dew point. Therefore, we have two options left - either to lower the dew point temperature, or to improve the insulation of the walls so that the inner surface of the walls in winter has a temperature not less than the dew point temperature plus 1-2 degrees.

Following the first proposed option, we set ourselves the goal of lowering the dew point to 13 ° С (laying in one brick) or to 15 ° С (one and a half bricks). For this, the air in the room must have the following parameters: temperature 28 ° C and relative humidity 40% and 45% respectively. Here, at a satisfactory temperature, we have a fairly low relative humidity in the pool, which can cause discomfort for swimmers. It is recommended to maintain the relative humidity in the range of 50 - 60%, depending on the air temperature. Also, do not forget that the low humidity in the room will intensify the release of moisture from the water surface of the pool. This will unambiguously affect in the form of an increase in the load on the pool water treatment system.

Following the second path, it is enough to add insulation outside the building to the existing brickwork (for example, one and a half bricks). A slab of extruded polystyrene foam, 50 mm thick, will be enough to shift the dew point inward brickwork... Thus, we will reduce the heat loss of the room, get rid of the problem of moisture condensation and allow ourselves to have comfortable air parameters in the pool room.

The next stage in the design of the pool premises is the calculation of moisture release. Pool water mirror, wetted surfaces, and bathers are an active source of evaporating moisture. Moisture is transferred due to the diffusion of water vapor from a saturated layer of moist air at the surface of the water to the air in the room. Here, according to Dalton's law, the driving force of the evaporation process is the difference in partial pressures between the layer of moist air at the surface of the water and the air in the room, and the higher this difference, the more intense the evaporation process takes place. In addition, important factors of intensive evaporation of moisture are the mobility of the air above the surface of the water mirror, the activity of bathers, the presence of water attractions, water slides and fountains. These factors are usually reflected in the calculation formulas in the form of empirical coefficients. Therefore, it is extremely important to control the evaporation process by maintaining the design parameters of the indoor air.

Calculation of ventilation in the pool room

According to SP 31-113-2004, the relative humidity in the halls of the baths of the pools is recommended to be taken at the level of 50-65%.

The air temperature in the hall should be 1-2 ° C higher than the water temperature.

To ensure an optimal microclimate, depending on the type of pool, it is recommended to take the design temperature of the water in the baths of the pools according to the table:

■ * In pools with spectator stands, the temperature of the water in the bath should be reduced to the lower limit during the competition.

The mobility of the air in the areas where the students are located should not exceed (SP 31-113-2004):

0.2 m / s - in the halls of the baths of the pools (including for recreational swimming and training for those who cannot swim);
0.5 m / s - in the halls for preparatory classes.

To determine the required air flow rate for the assimilation of excess moisture in the air of the pool room, the following steps must be taken:

Step 1. Calculation of the amount of moisture evaporating from the pool bowl.
Here, the most authoritative are the data published in the standards of the German community of engineers VDI:

M D, B, u / b = β u / bR D * T * (p D, W - p D, L) * A B, kg / h

Where
M D, B, u / b- the amount of moisture released from the surface of the unused ( M D, B, u) and used ( M D, B, b) pool, kg / h
β u / b- intensity of moisture release non-working / working time m / h (see table below)
R D- gas constant, J / kg * K; for water vapor is taken equal to 461.52 J / kg * K
T- arithmetic mean of water and air temperatures, K
A B- water mirror area, m 2
p D, W- water vapor pressure of saturated air at an air temperature equal to the specified water temperature (t W), Pa (see table below)
p D, L- partial pressure of water vapor at a given temperature and relative humidity in the hall with pool baths, Pa

p D, L = p bar * d p 622 + d p

where
p bar
d p- moisture content of air in the pool room, g / kg

Water temperature, ° C	Water vapor pressure, Pa

Step 2. Calculation of the amount of evaporated moisture from the surface of the bypass paths.
When calculating, you can use the approximate formula:

G p ≈ (0.006 ÷ 0.0065) (t in - t m) * F, kg / h

where
t in- air temperature in the room by dry bulb temperature, ° С
t m- air temperature in the room on a wet bulb, ° С
F- the area of the wetted surfaces of the bypass paths, m 2. Usually taken from 20% to 40% of the total bypass area. Moreover, the larger the area of the pool water surface, the lower the percentage.

Step 3. Calculation of the amount of evaporated moisture from bathers.

G p = n * w p

Where
n- the number of swimmers
w n- the amount of moisture release from one bather.
For an air temperature in the pool room of 28 ° C, the moisture release is determined by linear interpolation at the level of 0.21 kg / h. Accepted according to the "Designer's Guide. Internal sanitary devices. At 3 o'clock. Frequently Asked Questions. Ventilation and air conditioning." subject to average physical work.

Step 4. Calculation mass flow outside air, necessary for the assimilation of moisture released in the hall with the pool baths.

G in = W vp d vv - d vp * 10 3 , kg / h

Where
W vp- total release of moisture in the hall with pool baths, kg / h
(it is necessary to sum up the calculation results in steps 1, 2, 3)
d cc- moisture content of air removed from the hall with pool baths, g / kg
d vp- moisture content of flowing air, g / kg.

d VP = 622 * p vp p bar - p vp

where
p vp- partial pressure of water vapor in the supply air, Pa (taken according to SNiP 23-01-99)
p bar- barometric pressure, Pa

Step 5. Calculation of the volumetric flow rate of outdoor air required for the assimilation of moisture released in the hall with the pool baths.

L in = G to p, m 3 / h

where
p- air density at a given temperature and humidity

The outdoor air consumption cannot be less than the sanitary standard in accordance with
SP 60.13330.2012 (Appendix K). According to SP 31-113-2004, the specific flow rate of the supply air must be at least 80 m3 / h for the swimmer and 20 m3 / h for the viewer.

The Veza company offers the following products:

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According to the requirements of Building Norms and Rules (SNiP-a), the air exchange in the pool room must be four times, that is, within an hour, all the air in the room is replaced four times.
Also, in the halls of bathtubs of pools with seats for spectators, the calculation of air exchange should be performed for two modes - with and without spectators. .

Air parameters

The ventilation system must maintain certain parameters of the air environment in the pool room:

Temperature. Not only the comfort of people depends on it, but also the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the water. Therefore, the air temperature should be slightly (1-2 ° C) higher than the water temperature (if the water is warmer than the air, then the evaporation of moisture increases significantly). For private pools, the recommended air and water temperatures are 30 ° C and 28 ° C, respectively. To heat the supply air to a predetermined temperature in inexpensive direct-flow systems, water or electric heaters are used. To save energy in air handling units, in addition to the air heater, heat recuperators can be installed, usually based on plate recuperators and heat pumps (recuperators heat the supply air due to the heat of the removed air). If the outdoor air temperature can exceed the indoor air temperature for a long time, then a ventilation system with a cooling function must be used.
Humidity. This is one of the most important air parameters, which affects the safety of the finish and structural elements of the pool room. If for a long time the air humidity exceeds a safe level, structural elements may become unusable - covered with rust and mold due to the formation of condensation. Therefore, during off-hours, to reduce evaporation from the water mirror, it is recommended to cover the pool surface with a film. Note that you need to control and manage relative rather than absolute humidity (moisture content). Relative humidity with constant moisture content is highly dependent on temperature, so a decrease in temperature by 1 ° C leads to an increase in humidity by 3.5%. Two methods are used to reduce air humidity:
- The assimilation of moisture with the outside air, that is, the supply of outdoor air with a low moisture content to the room and the removal of humid air from the room. This method works well in winter when the outside moisture content is low. In summer, in central Russia, moisture assimilation by the outside air is also possible, but it should be borne in mind that in hot and rainy weather, the moisture content of the outside air may be higher than that of the inside, and then this method will not work.
- Condensation dehumidification on the evaporator surface. Swimming pool dehumidifiers work on this principle. The dehumidifier can be designed as a separate unit or integrated into the air handling unit. Note that the name of the dryer for this unit is not entirely accurate. A more general name would be more correct: refrigeration machine or a refrigeration circuit, since this unit not only reduces air humidity, but also transfers heat from the exhaust air to the supply air (heat pump), and when the direction of movement of the refrigerant changes, it can cool the supply air.
The humidity in the pool room should be maintained at a level of 40-65%, while in the warm season a higher humidity level is allowed, since there are no cold surfaces in the room on which moisture condensation is possible. Based on this, the recommended values of the relative air humidity: up to 55% in summer, up to 45% in winter.
Quantity fresh air ... The minimum amount of fresh air supplied is determined by sanitary standards (80 m³ / h per person) and the need for moisture assimilation from the air (in the absence of a condensation air dryer). In summer, the volume of supplied air is usually higher than in winter, since the difference in moisture content between the indoor and outdoor air is lower during the warm season.
Supply to extract air ratio. It is recommended to maintain a slight vacuum in the pool room (air flow exhaust system should be 10-15% higher than the supply one). This prevents humid air and pool odors from spreading to other areas.
Air mobility. Unlike living quarters, where ventilation can be turned off for a while, the pool room must provide constant air mobility based on 6-fold air exchange. This is due to the fact that in still air, even with normal average humidity, stagnant zones form near cold surfaces, where the temperature drops below the dew point and condensation occurs. To avoid this, the air must be constantly mixed. In winter, such an amount of outside air is usually not required for moisture assimilation, therefore, to ensure the necessary mobility, a ventilation unit with a mixing chamber is used (in it, outside and inside air are mixed in a given proportion and supplied to the room). Note also that when choosing the location of the air diffusers, it should be borne in mind that the air flow should pass along cold surfaces (usually vertically along the windows), but at the same time there should be no drafts in the bathing area, since this not only creates discomfort for the pool visitors, but also significantly enhances moisture evaporation.

More details about the parameters of the air environment and the rules for designing ventilation systems in the pool room can be found in the already mentioned recommendations of ABOK 7.5-2012.

Air handling unit operating modes

In modern specialized air handling units with a digital automation system, all operating modes are set up once during commissioning. In the future, the user does not need to change anything in the system settings: to control it, it will be enough for him to switch between the working and standby modes of operation (this can be done either from the remote control or use a conventional switch for this purpose).

If a ventilation unit with a simplified automation system or a model not designed for these purposes is used for ventilation of the pool, then the user will have to independently control the fan speed and the heater operation mode, set the air humidity depending on the season, and change other settings. And such a ventilation system, due to suboptimal settings, most likely will not allow maintaining a comfortable microclimate with the lowest possible energy consumption.

Specialized models of air handling units for swimming pools operate in two main modes:

Work mode(may also be called Day Mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit works during the operation of the pool, when there are people in the room, while a predetermined amount of outdoor air is constantly supplied to the room (not lower than the sanitary standard). Dehumidification can be carried out both by assimilation of moisture with outside air, and in a combined way (assimilation + condensation dehumidification of air). In the second case, the power consumption will be lower.
Standby mode(may also be called Night Mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates when there are no people in the room. Outside air is not supplied to the room, the ventilation unit operates in recirculation mode (this saves energy without wasting it on heating the outside air). At the same time, the automation constantly monitors the air humidity and, when it rises above a predetermined level, turns on the compressor of the refrigeration circuit for condensation dehumidification (if the air handling unit has a dehumidifier), or supplies outside air to assimilate moisture (if there is no dehumidifier). The air handling unit can have an adjustable ventilation mode in Standby mode - once a day fresh air is briefly supplied to the room so that unpleasant odors do not accumulate there.

Some models have emergency mode work. If an integrated or stand-alone dehumidifier malfunctions and the air humidity rises above a critical level, the outside air supply is increased to assimilate the moisture.

For more details on each operating mode and equipment features, see the documentation on the manufacturers' websites.

Recuperator

A recuperator (air-to-air heat exchanger) is a steel box through which counterflows of fresh street and dirty exhaust air pass through channels separated by a thin steel sheet. Heat exchange takes place, due to which the cold outdoor air heats up slightly due to the outgoing polluted air.

The main function of the recuperator is to save heat, which is necessary for heating the supply air in winter. we take the air from the street cold. The heat saving by the recuperator is simply colossal, but it is effective only in pools with a water surface of more than 40m2.

To understand this, you need to refer to the operating modes of the pool ventilation. The pool ventilation system is calculated for 4 operating modes:

Summer Winter.
Day / Night (or Operation / Idle)

Summer... In summer, the air outside is warm and humid, therefore it is supplied to the pool room without heating, bypassing the heater and recuperator. The moisture content in the outdoor air in summer is very high - 12.8 g / kg. Therefore, in order to remove moisture from the pool with the already humid outdoor air, it is necessary to blow the pool room with a large volume of air, i.e. take not quality, but quantity.

Winter... The situation is reversed. The air outside is cold and needs to be heated to be supplied to the pool, but the main thing is that it is very dry. Its moisture content is only 0.39 g / kg, i.e. 32 times drier than the air in summer, which means that the amount of such air to drain the pool is several times less. So, for dehumidification of air by ventilation in a pool with a water area of 25m2, about 3000m3 / h of air is needed in summer, and only 400m3 / h in winter, which is 7.5 times less.

The air supply unit in winter simply slows down. Only 400m3 / h needs to be heated, and the efficiency and payback of the recuperator occurs when air volumes are more than 1000m3 / h. Such a volume of air for draining the pool in winter may be needed only if the water surface area is more than 40m2.

It is worth thinking well and buying a pool recuperator with plasticized plates only. They will protect the recuperator from moisture. And the payback of the recuperator comes at least after 2 years of use.

If you really want to save heat in your ventilation system, consider louvers to cover your pool water mirror outside of business hours. So you can reduce the moisture release of the pool, and therefore reduce both the air volume and the consumption of the ventilation system by 70%.

Air handling unit with a bypass channel

Bypass channel or recirculation from the word "compass" - a circle. We simply mix the removed air into the supply air. Why? - You should ask me this question by phone if you order the design of a commercial pool with a water surface of more than 80 m2.

Supply and exhaust units (separate)

In this case, we have the opportunity to more flexibly approach the placement of ventilation system equipment. We make separate supply and exhaust units. They take up significantly less space than systems with a recuperator. Can be located in different rooms eg in the attic, in the basement and even in the suspended ceiling of the pool itself. The air handling unit, operating in 2 modes, delivers 3000m3 / h in summer, and heats and supplies only 400m3 / h in winter. Exhaust unit throws humid air out into the street, and the heating cable on the street grilles protects them from the formation of icicles.

This is the simplest and most efficient pool ventilation system. Dehumidification of air is a technologically very troublesome process. The air must first be cooled, then heated.
Why do we need this if humid air can simply be thrown out into the street? To heat 400m3 / h of air, you need only 7.5 kW of thermal energy from the boiler (not to be confused with electricity consumption) and this is at -25 ° C outside.

Exhaust and supply ventilation is an important factor for any indoor pool, i.e. the process of replacing stale air with clean air. Unlike open outdoor structures, indoor water vapor is trapped, which leads to condensation and rapid deterioration of the air. This, in turn, can lead to rapid rust formation, paint swelling, problems with structural elements of the room, including supports, and stuffiness.

For any pool, ventilation must be thought out

Autonomous supply air exhaust ventilation cottage pool helps remove water vapor by replacing indoor air with clean outdoor air. Also, a good ventilation system will keep the humidity level low - and protect the equipment at the facility, as well as the structure itself, from premature failure. A simply installed house fan is not able to cope with this, a full-fledged installation is required for powerful ventilation, the scheme of which is carefully calculated in each individual case.

Ventilation is also critical in pumping and technical areas where equipment and chemicals are stored. A correct supply of fresh air must be accompanied by some air conditioning to achieve the required parameters. Keep in mind that many chemical gases are heavier than air and this requires low level evacuation systems in chemical rooms.

Air in any human room must be completely replaced hourly. The pool and ventilation in it must be able to provide air circulation and its two complete renewal within one hour. The amount of evaporated water determines the size of the ventilation system and its completeness, the calculation of the supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool is based on this main parameter.

Installation of ventilation equipment for the pool

It should also be noted that indoor pools in cities continuously emit large amounts of chlorine along with water vapor. The effects of this evaporation are exacerbated by the fact that modern builders prefer to build more energy efficient rigid structures. When water vapor has no way of leaving the practically sealed structures, it causes numerous problems, such as:

Rust. Bloating paint. Deterioration of the condition of the supports and their gradual destruction. And many other negative effects in the pool building.

As a result, repairing or replacing parts can be very costly and time consuming. Indoor pool visitors and workers should not tolerate an unpleasant environment. They should not be surrounded by the physical discomfort of high humidity. Mold, bacteria and fungi that grow in humid conditions can have a very negative impact on health. Moreover, colonies of pathogenic microorganisms release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with low molecular weight, many of which are poisonous and have strong unpleasant odors.

The swimming pool must be ventilated either naturally or mechanically (forced). Supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool of a private house should prevent drops from falling from the ceiling onto swimmers and minimize the formation of condensation. A minimum of two complete air changes in 60 minutes should be provided for indoor pool areas, large or small. Heating devices must be hidden from contact with swimmers. Fuel for combustion and itself heating equipment must be installed outdoors, in accordance with technical standards.

It can be said that a mechanical ventilation rate of 1 ACH (one complete air change per hour) in the pool will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable level of relative humidity when the room is not regularly used. In heavily used pools, the air exchange system must be capable of delivering 2 ACH to maintain good air quality.

When calculating optimal ventilation, it is taken into account that the evaporation rate is enhanced by factors:

Large water surface. Consequently, covering the pool with a material that prevents the evaporation of water leads to a decrease in the amount of evaporated water;
High water temperature;
Low air temperature;
Low relative humidity;
Intense air movement over the pool area.

Installing the system

After calculating the optimal mechanical ventilation rate for the pool, it is necessary to consider the distribution of the ventilation network for the intake and release of air flows from the room.

Diagram of the construction of the ventilation system in the pool

A correct duct design should:

Minimize airflow obstruction;
Provide comfortable conditions for rest;
Control humidity;
Optimize the microclimate, including the elimination of condensation on the windows.

In any case, you need to pay attention to the fact that:

The air flows and duct lengths shown in the sketches are intended as examples only - actual data and performance may vary; Supply air must be supplied close to external windows. If the supply air is heated, then the power supplies must be close to the ground - otherwise, the height of the outlet must be at least 2.4 meters. Air exhaust openings should be located under the ceiling; A reasonable distance (at least 2.4 meters) must be maintained between the supply and return electrical appliances to avoid short circuits.

Heated supply air

Although the air heat exchanger is capable of recovering up to 80% of the air temperature indoors, the air mass coming from outside can be uncomfortably cold. Therefore, it is advisable to add a heater to the ventilation for additional heating of the incoming air.

The design of the pool must be thought out to the smallest detail

Rules for economical pool design

Choose a building for the pool with the best thermal insulation and with a minimum of technically unnecessary large glazing (mainly in the roof of the pool).

Eliminate thermal bridges completely.

Choose a design that is ideal for vapor barrier walls and roofs.

It is easy to install foil covers on rectangular pools, it is also possible to install insulating cassettes made of polyurethane, which fit perfectly into the design.

The pool should be connected to the house only through a tight door, preferably through a separately ventilated corridor.

Taking into account the possible heat loss and condensation in the air ducts, ventilation units for swimming pools should be installed as close to the water as possible.

Swimming pool ventilation and heating rules

Rules for newly built or modernized pools, formed in recent years:

It is necessary to ensure thorough ventilation of the entire space;
Avoid forming poorly ventilated corners with possible condensation;
Always supply the glazing with dry air with a low relative humidity and at a sufficient speed;
Try to keep the entire space under negative pressure (min. 95%) to avoid the risk of water vapor penetrating into adjacent rooms or building structural elements through improper vapor barrier;
Always design your pool ducts from stainless material; possibly aluminum or polyurethane;
Ensure perfect tightness of the stainless steel duct, with a slope towards the condensate drain, provide access for cleaning and excellent thermal insulation.

The design of the air ducts outside the pool should ensure the tightness of the duct (for example, polyurethane), with a slope towards the condensate drainage and thermal insulation. Do not install exhaust grilles in the suspended ceiling through the cuts in the vapor barrier!

The suction grill should be installed in the center, opposite the glazing under the ceiling of the room.

Air distribution for very small rooms (eg with only one window or in a basement) can only be provided with one air duct.

Always isolate the pool ventilation from the rest of the house, incl. supply and exhaust air ducts to avoid drafts.

Due to the short use of the pool in a residential building (for example, 1 - 2 hours a day), it is ideal to install a heat treatment system with heated incoming air to quickly reach the required temperature, in just a few tens of minutes (with thermal insulation and vapor barrier for walls inside).

Any supply and exhaust ventilation unit for the pool, among other things, must be resistant to the aggressive effects of chlorine, i.e. with heat recovery core made of stainless steel or plastic material, condensate drain pan made of stainless steel or with a special protective finish.

Installation of ventilation in the pool

Underfloor heating is recommended as the main heating system, preferably installed with a connection to a low-temperature heat source (for example, solar energy). It may be worth considering a system of floor convectors under the windows, with a good anti-corrosion finish and special protection to avoid human injury.

Ventilation specialists can help any pool owner or manager determine the correct size and type of ventilation that is needed in each specific case, they will professionally explain how the normal ventilation of a private pool is equipped, and give an example of calculation. And they will tell you what other equipment may be required to ensure normal air exchange in the pool.

Since ventilation is one of the most "weighty" items of expenditure in the construction of a pool, it is important to initially consider how the object will grow in the coming years. In addition, it should be provided Maintenance and repair, they must be considered when calculating and choosing which supply and exhaust ventilation of the pools will be optimal in your case.

When building pools, many people do not pay attention to the ventilation of the halls, since this non-residential premises... But the consequences of neglecting this fact can be dangerous to human health. High humidity is observed in the pool hall. Due to its accumulation, mold and fungus form in the room. They pose a danger to human health, as they cause infectious and allergic diseases. The accumulation of condensation also affects the condition of the room - the fungus damages the finish and even the walls, leading to the gradual destruction of the building.

Features of the design and organization of the air exchange system in the pool

pool designed to remove excess moisture, provide fresh air, create a favorable microclimate for visitors. Its arrangement is fundamentally different from the air exchange organization system in the house / apartment. Home ventilation should:

ensure the supply of quality air to the premises;
remove waste streams outside.

Air exchange scheme in the pool

The main purpose of the indoor pool air exchange system is to maintain the relative humidity of the indoor environment within the established norms. In addition, the supply must be organized. clean air and the release of waste.

Attention: the task is complicated by the fact that all this must be arranged in such a way that people are comfortable being naked in the pool hall.

Private pool design, features

The pool in a private house is built according to individual project, and has its own unique design... The main requirements for it are safety for people and buildings, comfort.

As a rule, a separate room is allocated for the pool on the ground floor of the house. The area of the water surface is on average 18-50 m 2, the depth is 4-6 m.Around the tank, paths up to 3 m wide are made. The building envelopes are brick, or glass walls... A heating system is laid along the perimeter of the room.

The pool in a private house is mainly designed for 2-5 people. According to the mode of use, it can be constant, seasonal, periodic. When the reservoir is not in use, it is shaded.

Pool design

Pool ventilation design: we take into account regulatory requirements

According to the standards in force in the CIS, the water temperature in the pool of the mansion should be 30-32 ° С, the air temperature in the hall should be 1-2 ° С higher. According to European standards, the first indicator is at least 28 ° C. The air temperature in the pool hall should be 2-4 ° C higher than the water temperature, but not more than 34 ° C. The most favorable relative humidity is up to 65%. At least 80m 3 of air per hour must flow into the room for one bather. The speed of movement of streams is up to 0.2 m / s. Acceptable level noise - up to 60 dB.

Attention: in order to exclude stagnation of air in the hall, the capacity of the exhaust unit must be higher than that of the supply units, but not more than by half of the multiple exchange.

Determine the optimal relative humidity of the pool in a private house

Although Russian standards allow indoor humidity up to 65% for swimming, in private houses this indicator can be reduced to 45-50%. The reason for this is:

discomfort of people staying in the pool;
the formation of condensation on windows, walls.

European standards are focused on the physical comfort of a person. According to them, the upper limit of this state is 45-50% humidity.

In order for the ventilation system to cope with the tasks assigned to it, it is built taking into account:

room dimensions;
water surface area;
required air and water temperature;
the number of people who use the pool;
the rate of evaporation of moisture. Warm water evaporates faster than cold water.

Based on these parameters, equipment of a certain capacity is selected. If the ventilation system is not properly organized, condensation will settle on the surfaces of the structure, which will lead to rotting of wooden elements, corrosion of metal elements, and the appearance of mold on the walls.

Ways to Control Pool Moisture

Air dehumidification

To remove excess moisture from the air in the pool hall, special devices are used - dehumidifiers. Their action is based on the concentration of water vapor on cooled surfaces. Some models of dehumidifiers are equipped with devices for supplying fresh air from the street. Their productive capacity is small, but the given volume of inflow, according to the norms, is sufficient for one bather (80 m 3).

By designation, air dryers are:

household - compact products designed to remove moisture from a small area. They can be installed on the floor, wall, in a hidden way. There are also duct models installed in air ducts, which partially provide an inflow of masses (up to 30%);
industrial - high-tech systems capable of handling large volumes of air (for example, in public or large private pools).

There are devices that remove excess moisture from the air:

wall-mounted - installed in the pool hall;
ducted - mounted inside the ducts.

The choice of a dehumidifier is carried out taking into account the area, individual characteristics of the room. For 1 hour, the unit must pass the humidified air in the room in a threefold volume.

Air circulation in the pool

Why are dehumidifiers not often used in swimming pools? This is due to:

high cost of equipment, its maintenance;
noisy operation of the device;
striving to maintain a high rate of air exchange in the room (above the norm). This will reduce the content of trace impurities (for example, chlorine) in it;
inconsistency of equipment with the design of the hall.

Note: duct dehumidifiers do not spoil the design of the pool, they work almost silently, but they are more expensive than wall-mounted dehumidifiers.

The dehumidification system in the pool is not able to supply fresh air and remove waste air in the required amount... Therefore, it is better to use it in combination with supply and exhaust ventilation.

High-quality air exchange in the swimming room can be provided by the forced-air supply and exhaust ventilation system. Unpleasant odors that often occur in rooms with high humidity, it eliminates by removing them from the room, a constant supply of fresh air.

Advice: to reduce heat loss in the pool, it is recommended to install a ventilation system with a recuperator. This is a special device in which the clean flow is heated to a comfortable temperature due to the heat of the waste masses discharged. The recuperator allows up to 65% of the heat in the room.

Organization of the inflow and exhaust of air in the pool forcibly

The supply and exhaust ventilation system is effective if:

provides at least five-fold air exchange in the pool;
the area of the water surface is small;
the object is not intensively operated.

This ventilation method does not provide the required humidity level all year round. The system works well in winter, when the moist air from the pool is replaced with dry air outside. But in summer, with an increased moisture content in the air, it is impossible to control its level in the swimming room using the supply and exhaust air.

We make calculations

If, according to the norms, the air temperature in the pool all year round should be 30-34˚С, and the humidity should not be higher than 65%, then 20-24 g of water will be removed from 1 m 3 of waste masses from the room.

Design parameters of humid air (exhaust ventilation)

The degree of moisture saturation of the air coming from the street depends on the season and weather conditions. In winter, in frosty weather, each 1 m 3 of the inflow contains on average 5 g of water. In the summer, the relative humidity outside increases. With one cubic meter of inflow, over 11 g of water enters the pool room.

Design parameters of humid air (supply ventilation)

The difference between the absolute humidity values presented in the tables is the drying capacity of the supply and exhaust ventilation organized in the bathing room.

Reference: the optimum air humidity in the pool hall in winter period should be 55%, in summer - 60%.

Since neither dehumidification of air, nor the use of forced installations for supplying / removing it separately does not give the desired effect in the pool hall, it is better to combine these two systems. To do this, the air handling units are supplemented with a device to remove excess moisture from the air. Depending on the area of the room and the water surface, it can be a wall-mounted or cassette dehumidifier.

Full forced air exchange with a wall-mounted installation to remove excess moisture from the air is advisable to install in private pools, the area of the water table in which is not more than 50 m 2. If this indicator is higher, a duct air dryer is used.

Ventilation of the pool depends on the organization of gas exchange in the room - the supply of clean masses and the removal of waste. For efficient operation of the system, it is necessary to correctly lay the air ducts. The supply of clean air should be carried out in the lower part of the room, and the pumped out of the exhaust air should be carried out from the upper part.

Symbiosis of an air dryer and mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation

The section of the ventilation shafts is selected taking into account the wind pressure, gravitational forces, as well as the pressure that the supply fan creates in the system. Air ducts must be equipped check valves electrically heated against freezing, as well as trays in which condensate will collect for subsequent disposal.

Attention: all the main nodes of the system must be accessible.

Installation of climatic complexes

In large pools, where the water surface area exceeds 100m 2, climatic complexes are used to organize air exchange. They are powerful, large-scale, multifunctional units capable of maintaining a normal indoor microclimate all year round. These complexes provide circulation, dehumidification, purification and heating of air. The equipment is a modular unit, completely ready for installation. They are designed for use in humid environments and for the recycling of air in which chlorine fumes are present. The climatic complex consists of:

supply and exhaust fans;
recuperator;
dehumidifier;
filters;
air heater;
air valves;
control unit.

Note: the complete set of equipment can be changed at the request of the customer.

Climatic complex

The climatic complex operates in several modes. The sensors react to changes in the air environment in the premises, and the system automatically switches to the appropriate operating mode - turns on the required technical unit. Since the climatic complex is quite large, for its installation it is necessary to allocate a separate room next to the pool (this can be a utility room, or a basement).

Note: this installation is complex and expensive, it fully pays for itself in 10-15 years. But the climatic complex allows you to save on installation and maintenance work.

In order for swimming in the pool to be comfortable and safe for all the inhabitants of the house, it is necessary to take care of the normalization of air exchange in this room. This can be done by laying high-quality ventilation and dehumidification. From the above listed methods of organizing air exchange in the pool, you should choose the one that is most suitable in terms of technical parameters and cost.

The pool area is very specific due to the presence in it a large number water vapor. Moisture condenses on a surface with a lower temperature, as a result of which the processes of corrosion, decay and the formation of fungus begin. In the room with the pool, the windows fog up, moisture accumulates on the objects located there. High-quality ventilation of the room with the pool eliminates all these inconveniences.

What is swimming pool ventilation for?

The characteristics of the water and air in the room with the pool favor the evaporation of water from the bowl; this process cannot be stopped. Moisture accumulates on interior items and various structural elements, which leads to their deterioration. A well-designed and installed ventilation system will remove all air vapors from the room.

The second negative factor from water vapor is the discomfort of people in the pool. Humid air has a negative effect on the respiratory system and psychological state. The third factor is damage to the electrical equipment in the pool. Even glass-covered ceiling lamps suffer.

Ventilation systems are equipped with air dehumidifiers for the best effect. Among all types of ventilation systems, the two most common are distinguished:

Supply and exhaust with heat recovery
With separation of air inflow and outflow.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery

This type of exhaust system works in one unit. At the stage of purchasing all necessary materials this system requires high costs, but during operation it is more economical than flow ventilation. Benefits of using:

Does not require much space for installation. All components are located in one unit, and therefore occupy a smaller area than ventilation with separated elements. Ideal for small pools and therefore often used in private houses.
During operation, the unit has reduced energy consumption due to the presence of a recuperator. This device saves up to 50-70% energy, since the supply air is heated by the extracted gas, but does not mix with it. That is, the temperature in the room is kept at the same level due to its own heat reserve. Due to this, the required power of the used motor is reduced by 2-2.5 times.

The ventilation system of the supply and exhaust type pool contains the following elements:

Supply and exhaust fan.
Filter for cleaning incoming air.
Double valve that blocks the cold air passage during system shutdown.
Heat recuperator.
Inlet air heater.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool with a heat recuperator, in some cases, is equipped with an automated regulator of water vapor and temperature indicators. Also, in addition, devices are installed that distribute heated air to other rooms and an air dehumidifier.

Ventilation with separation of air inlet and outlet

This system is separate, air inlet and outlet are produced by different ventilation system elements. The equipment in this case is cheaper than for the first type of ventilation, but during operation it will require high costs. Also, separate ventilation has a rather large size and is not so convenient for use in small rooms.

Through-flow ventilation of the pool is characterized by a separate supply of fresh air to the room with the simultaneous removal of already humidified air to the outside. Equipment of this type of ventilation takes place at the stage of general construction works for the construction of the pool. Its main element is a fan built into the exhaust ducts. Air inflow is carried out using the following equipment:

An air intake device equipped with a valve that prevents cold flow into the room during system shutdown.
Filter for cleaning incoming air.
Inlet air heater.
Air injection fan.
Control unit for maintaining the temperature level and volume of the incoming air.

Ventilation automation

The automated system exercises full control over the ventilation system and regulates its functions. The work performed by the automated system:

Keeps the humidity and air temperature at a given level, as well as the performance of the ventilation system itself.
At specified intervals, it enables or disables individual structural elements of the system or the whole of it.

Notifies about emerging emergencies and system failures.
Traces the sequence of all operations in the system.
Provides protection of the system as a whole and its individual components, protects water heaters from freezing moisture in them, voltage drop, etc.
Connects ventilation with the "smart home" system.

Standards for air parameters in the pool

The ventilation system is selected for certain indicators that are observed in a room with a pool. When creating a safe and pleasant environment in a room, the following numbers are maintained:

Air humidity not more than 65%.
The temperature ratio of air and water does not exceed 2 ° C in favor of air.
The temperature indicator of water is kept up to 32 ° C.
The gas flow escaping from the ventilation does not exceed a velocity of 0.2 m / s, since higher values create a draft perceptible by the skin.
The normalized value of air exchange is 80 m3 / h per person in the room. But during design it is allowed to use not this figure, but the calculated value.

The norms allow for a difference in the amount of incoming and outgoing air in the size of half the rate of air exchange in the pool. Here, however, the gas flow rate is taken into account. When calculating the project, the number of decibels of noise in the room is also taken into account, its maximum threshold is 60 dB. Natural ventilation does not create the parameters described above in the pool, therefore the room is necessarily equipped with a mechanized ventilation system.

The nuances of developing a ventilation project

When creating a project for a ventilating structure of any type, the functional characteristics of the structure itself are taken into account, in order to provide it with the specified conditions, and the negative factors affecting the structural elements of the structure. One of the earliest harmful substances is condensation. Its accumulation on the surface of the ventilation shaft will cause corrosion and damage to the equipment. To avoid this, the shaft is insulated or electrically heated valves are used. Also, the ventilation shaft is supplemented with a drip pan for collecting moisture.

Any pool ventilation system of any type and size must be able to operate at a lower capacity in order to save energy during pool downtime. Accordingly, it is necessary to be equipped with a device of increased power so that ventilation can effectively cope with its functions when there are a lot of people in the pool. These additions are not required, but they help to save energy during round-the-clock operation, while the efficiency of the system will not drop. This addition is especially relevant for private houses, in which the equipment is used much less frequently than in public swimming pools.

The most important rule when calculating a project is taking into account the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe room, calculating the values \ u200b \ u200bof the rate of air exchange and air consumption, the presence of a room heating function. Supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool is multifunctional and solves all problems. It has various structural elements - a filtration system, a heater and a fan. This causes it to perform all the specified functions. Pool ventilation is installed separately from the main house system. Reduce pool water evaporation by curtains during periods of inactivity.

How to develop a pool ventilation project

As mentioned above, when the ventilation of the pool is designed, the calculation is carried out taking into account the air humidity of 65%, but in practice this value is often reduced by 15-20%. This is due to the tactile sensation of increased humidity. If ventilation system equipped correctly and provides the required humidity indicator, nevertheless condensation and discomfort are noticed. As a result, the functional characteristics of ventilation change, while the described phenomena disappear, but the humidity indicator does not correspond to the declared standards.

When calculating the project, air consumption is taken into account. Special formulas and tables help to determine the required air exchange for the existing temperature index and the area of the pool water space.

All indicators that are taken into account when calculating:

The total size of the body of water.

The size of all bypass tracks.
The size of the entire room.
Average temperature index of outdoor air in winter and summer.
Water temperature.
Air temperature in the room itself.
Average number of pool visitors.
Taking into account the fact that the streams of warm air tend upward due to the lower mass, it is necessary to take into account the temperature indicator of the air under the ceiling.

When independently calculating a ventilation project for a pool, the following calculations are also carried out:

They take into account the flow of heat from bathers, external sun exposure, detour paths, lighting, from the water itself.
The flow of moisture from bathing people, water surface, from bypass paths is taken into account.
Air exchange is calculated based on moisture and total heat, the standard air exchange is taken into account.

According to the standard of the Society of German Engineers, air exchange is calculated depending on the area of the water surface, its temperature index, total humidity

air and functional features of the pool. For calculations, the formula is used:

W = exFxPb-PL, kg / h. Here:

F is the total size of the pool water surface, m2.
Pb is an indicator of the vapor pressure of water in saturated air, taking into account the temperature index of water in the pool, Bar.
PL - indicator of water vapor pressure at a given temperature conditions and humidity, bar.

To enter the pressure indicator in kPa, take into account that 1 bar = 98.1 kPa.

e in this formula is the coefficient of evaporation, kg (m2 * hour * bar), determines the functional characteristics of the pool. For different types pools, it is equal to:

The water surface covered with a film is 0.5.
Fixed water surface - 5.
Small construction with a small number of visitors - 15.
A public structure with an average swimmer activity score of 20.
Construction for places of active entertainment and recreation - 28.
Structure equipped with water slides and with the formation of waves - 35

The calculations are guided by the release of moisture during the use of the pool, this creates a margin of safety for the entire system. To calculate the air exchange in the pool, use the formula: mL = GWXB-XN, kg / h, this is the formula for calculating the mass flow rate. The volumetric flow rate is determined by the formula: L = GWrxXB-XN, kg / h. Here:

L - volumetric incoming air flow rate, m3 / h.
mL is the mass flow rate of incoming air, kg / h.
GW is the volume of all evaporated moisture in the room, g / h.
XN - moisture content outside the room, g / kg.
XB - indoor moisture content, g / kg.
r is an indicator of air density at indoor temperature conditions, kg / m3.

The outdoor moisture content tends to change with the seasons. This change in winter reaches 2-3 g / kg, in summer - 11-12 g / kg. Practicing specialists are guided by the indicator of 9 g / kg, because the seasonal change in this indicator over time is not long. As for the value of XB, it is taken a little more than the calculated one, since the amount of condensate appearing in the summer season is insignificant.

During the installation of ventilation, all air ducts are carefully sealed and thermally insulated. The air flow is not directed to the surface of the water. A small ventilation system is installed between the capital and false ceiling... If a ventilation system is installed in the room, then the use of an air conditioner in it is not recommended.

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