Grow tomato seedlings from seed. How to grow tomato seedlings at home

Growing tomatoes with seedlings provides much better survival and yield than planting seeds directly in open ground, which is confirmed by many years of experience of many. However, this process has a number of peculiarities and subtleties that would be worth talking about in more detail. In this article you will find all the necessary information about tomato seedlings, how to grow them, when to start this process and how to care for them in the future.

When to start?

Growing tomato seedlings at home should be started no earlier than 50-60 days before the date of the proposed transplantation of young plants into open ground.

It must be remembered that it usually takes about 7-10 days for tomatoes to give the first shoots, so on average it is worth keeping the seedlings at home after the first shoots appear for 40-55 days.

Correct determination of the sowing time plays an extremely important role for the successful growth of the bush and its abundant fruiting. This period varies depending on the weather conditions prevailing in the places of your residence, and on average looks like this:

South of Russia and Ukraine: seedlings are sown from February 20th to mid-March.
center of Russia: the best period is from mid-March to early April.
northern Russia: early to mid-April.

Young seedlings must be provided with a sufficient amount of moisture, for which it is recommended use humidifiers or sprayers... It is advisable to carry out the processing daily, and in hot conditions - twice a day.

Top dressing

Tomato seedlings need the first feeding 2-3 weeks after the first shoots appear. After that, the optimal schedule for feeding will be weekly. The best way suitable for seedlings based on organic substances, for example, diluted and fermented bird droppings or manure.

It is recommended to apply top dressing early in the morning or late in the evening, after the sun has set, and only after watering. For top dressing, you can also use commercial fertilizers, but in this case, you need to use only half of the dose indicated on the package.

Additional lighting

Young seedlings, especially in the first time after emergence, need a large number of light, so immediately after they hatch out of the ground, they must be placed on the lightest window sill. However, if this happened in late February or early spring, natural lighting will still not be enough for them.

It is recommended to place the seedlings in conditions of constant illumination in the first 2-3 days after the appearance of the first shoots, since, according to many gardeners, this stimulates germination and guarantees the best yield. After that, you can switch to the usual 16-hour daylight hours provided by natural conditions.

Picking

If the seedlings were planted in a heap, the first picking of tomato seedlings is carried out after the appearance of the first true leaves, which usually occurs by 10 days after sowing. A transplant at this age can often be detrimental to plants, since the root system is still very delicate and easily damaged. Such a pick is made in 200 ml cups.

Important! It is not worth while at the first transplant, despite the advice of many gardeners, to pinch the central root - this will contribute to a delay in the development of seedlings for at least one week.

Several weeks later, a second plant transplant is carried out, this time in pots, the volume of which is about 1 liter. When transplanting, it is important to remember the delicate structure of the young root and be sure to produce it with a clod of earth from the first container.

Pinching

It is necessary to pinch the bush so that the stepsons do not pull nutrients onto themselves and do not slow down the growth of the main stem. They are formed in the axils of young leaves and are recommended to be removed before the stepsons reach 5 centimeters in size, since only in this case the bush will painlessly tolerate their removal.

Popular mistakes of novice gardeners

Among the most common mistakes that inexperienced gardeners have, the following should be highlighted:

excessively abundant or insufficient watering;
non-compliance with temperature or light mode plants;
the initial unsuitability of the selected variety for growing at home;

50 once already
helped

Tomato, or tomato, is a plant from the Solanaceae family native to South America. The Europeans got to know him only after the discovery of the New World and the tomato "took root", like everything new, quite difficult and for a long time. Despite this, now the tomato is one of the most popular and demanded vegetables in the whole world. It is difficult to imagine even one of national cuisines where the tomato would not be used. Some dishes cannot be imagined without tomatoes - just remember Ukrainian borscht, Italian pizza, Mexican chili, American ketchup and much more.

An important condition for obtaining a plentiful and high-quality harvest is correct fit tomato for seedlings. Only a strong and healthy one will quickly and easily take root in the ground or in a greenhouse, it will actively bloom and set large and tasty fruits.

In order for tomato seedlings at home to be healthy and of high quality, you need to follow simple, but very important rules:

The correct timing of sowing tomato seeds for seedlings.
Maintaining the temperature regime.
Stable water balance.
Competent selection of soil.
Selection of varieties for open ground and greenhouses.
Correct planting of a tomato in the ground.

When to sow tomatoes for seedlings according to the growing season?

Tomatoes are early, medium ripening and late. Between these three varieties there are intermediate ones with a ripening difference of 5-15 days, but basically this division is correct and correct.

Early tomato varieties have the shortest growing season from sowing to flowering and therefore produce the earliest and most valuable harvest. Early tomato seedlings produce delicious fresh vegetables, but require more care and effort to grow.
Varieties of medium fruiting periods give fruits in the high season, they are the most delicious and healthy. The growing season is longer than that of early tomatoes.
Late tomatoes bear fruit from the second half of summer until late autumn; in warm weather, tomatoes remain fresh on the bushes until frost. These tomatoes have the longest growing season.

Usually, early tomatoes are a pleasant delicacy to the table after a long winter, mid-ripening ones accompany food throughout the season, and later ones go for conservation and processing.

When is the best time to plant tomato seedlings?

For growing tomato seedlings on the windowsill, it is most suitable early varieties, since they need to be sown on seedlings in early spring, in order to plant them in the ground after the end of return frosts.

If it is too early to plant tomatoes for seedlings, they will quickly grow and form, and weather conditions will not allow them to be planted in the ground or under film. Such seedlings will stretch out, become fragile, pale and painful, it will be difficult to take root in the ground and bear fruit poorly.
Sowing too late - to get small seedlings that have not formed. The timing of planting seeds depends on the weather conditions of the area where it is planned to grow seedlings, usually it takes 1.5-2.5 months to grow tomato seedlings.

According to the type of growth, all tomatoes are divided into two large groups:

Indeterminate (vigorous).

For growing in greenhouses, tall and vigorous varieties of tomatoes are usually selected, since they are most productive in greenhouses and give big harvest.
If you plan to grow tomatoes outdoors, grow good seedlings tomato can be from undersized varieties, they are less in danger of stretching and overgrowing. Such plants form squat, strong bushes that often do not need to be further tied to trellises or stakes.

How to properly plant tomato seedlings indoors?

To get good seedlings, you need to choose healthy planting material, choose the right soil and containers for planting, observe the correct temperature and watering.

For planting, healthy calibrated seeds are chosen, puny and damaged seeds are thrown away. There are two ways of sowing seeds - into a common container with subsequent picking and immediately into individual cups.

Since tomatoes tolerate picking and replanting well, in order to save money and space, you can sow tomatoes in boxes or other suitable containers. Subsequently, the seedlings dive for the first time, planting them at a greater distance, and then transplanted into separate containers, where the seedlings stay until they are planted in the ground.
In the second version, the seeds are sown 2-3 in pots or cups, weaker plants are subsequently simply pulled out. This method is more costly, planting will take up a significant area, a large number of seedlings cannot be grown in an apartment.

Almost any non-soaking container can be used as a container for planting seedlings. For these purposes, amateur gardeners successfully use wooden and even cardboard boxes lined with plastic wrap, disposable plastic or paper cups, containers for sour cream and yogurt, juice boxes or milk bags. For used containers, it is important to thoroughly clean the remains of the contents, otherwise it can rot, infect the earth and destroy the seedlings.

When deciding how to properly grow tomato seedlings, you need to remember that this plant is very demanding on room temperature, lighting and watering. Humid air is harmful to tomatoes, therefore, when we plant tomato seedlings, it is important to regularly ventilate the room where they grow, avoiding strong temperature changes and drafts that are detrimental to this plant. It is not necessary to spray crops with water, they can easily get sick and die.

Tomatoes are sown in trays or boxes, lightly sprinkled with sifted nutrient mixture and sprayed abundantly, covering with foil. Air humidity is needed only until the seeds germinate, and then the film is removed.

The soil for tomato seedlings should not be too acidic, that is, pure peat is absolutely not suitable for this plant. At home, the easiest way to cleanse diseases and pests is by freezing. For this, a bag or box of earth is left in the open air, where frosts will quickly kill everything harmful to seedlings. The container with the earth must be covered from precipitation, which can wash out nutrients from the soil.

Healthy seeds bite and germinate very quickly and within 2-5 days first "loops" appear from the soil, and then full-fledged cotyledon leaves. At this time, the temperature in the room should not drop below 25 degrees, and then it is slightly gradually lowered. Low temperatures dangerous for this plant, already at 10 degrees, serious damage begins - it turns yellow, buds and ovaries fall off, growth stops.

For tomato seedlings on the windowsill to be strong and green, it needs a lot of light. If there is a lack of natural light, planting will have to, sometimes it needs to be done around the clock. Tomatoes must be provided with stable and uniform watering without waterlogging and drying, which are equally detrimental to the plant.

The grown tomato seedlings are dived for the first time, and after the appearance of a pair of true leaves, a second dive into the seedling cups is carried out. When performing this operation, young plants are carefully buried in cotyledon leaves. It is not worth damaging or even more so cutting off the cotyledons - they are a source of nutrients for a plant that has begun to develop. Subsequently, they will fall off themselves when they are no longer needed.

With the help of a pick, you can slightly reduce the effect of pulling the plant in the early stages - by deepening the seedling and adding light, you can make the seedlings stronger and healthier. The part of the stem, which, after a dive, will be in the ground, will give roots and will additionally nourish the plant. In order for the cut seedlings to take root quickly and without losses, the soil must be warm enough, and irrigation should be uniform without flooding. If we plant tomato seedlings correctly, we end up with plants with a strong, stable stem, juicy green leaves and an overall healthy appearance.

The question often arises: how to feed tomato seedlings?
During the growth period, plants need complex fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen and the obligatory content of microelements. The grown seedlings need more potassium, with a lack of this element, the plant becomes covered with spots, stretches, turns pale and becomes ill.

A properly grown tomato seedling quickly takes root in the ground, forms a strong green plant, begins to bloom and bear fruit within the time frame set for this variety.

Growing tomato seedlings at home (video)

Soil preparation

Have a nice harvest!

What does this technique give?

Tomato seed preparation

PIKIROVKA.

High humidity - spray tomato seedlings 1-2 times a day, use a humidifier, etc.;

Planting seeds

Growing tomato seedlings at home

- 100-150 g dolomite flour or slaked lime

The soil for tomato seedlings should not be too acidic, that is, pure peat is absolutely not suitable for this plant. At home, it is easiest to clean the soil for seedlings from diseases and pests by freezing them. For this, a bag or box of earth is left in the open air, where frosts will quickly kill everything harmful to seedlings. The container with the earth must be covered from precipitation, which can wash out nutrients from the soil.

According to the type of growth, all tomatoes are divided into two large groups:

Seedling picking

Competent selection of soil.

Seedlings should be watered abundantly before diving. Plants for transplanting are conveniently removed with a fork. For picking, it is necessary to choose well-developed, strong plants and remove the cotyledons and the first 2 leaves. Seedlings are placed in containers and the soil is compacted. As it grows, it is recommended to add soil to the pots. This measure stimulates the growth of new roots.

Seedling care

Healthy and strong tomato seedlings are the key to a good harvest. To grow it correctly, you need to know some of the subtleties of preparing the soil and seeds for planting, as well as the peculiarities of caring for plants.

1. buy good land for growing seedlings of tomatoes and peppers is half the success

Hardening tomato seedlings

We redistribute growth processes for the formation of additional roots.

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How to grow good tomato seedlings at home?

With the appearance of 1-2 true leaves, the seedlings dive into individual pots or cups measuring 6x6 cm, which in the future will provide optimal living space for the plants and prevent them from stretching. The soil around the dived seedlings is compressed and watered abundantly. For 3-4 days, additional illumination is stopped, and the temperature is tried to be maintained at 20 ° C. After the specified time, additional illumination is resumed.

Warm - during the day, the optimal temperature for tomato seedlings is 18-25 ° C, at night - 12-15 ° C.

Roughly, tomato seeds should be sown 55-65 days before planting seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse. Seeds sprout pretty quickly - 5-10 days after sowing. Therefore, the average period of keeping seedlings on the windowsill (from the emergence of seedlings) is 45-60 days.

- nitroammophoska - 50-70 g per bucket of soil
Healthy seeds peck and germinate very quickly, and within 2-5 days, first "loops" appear from the soil, and then full-fledged cotyledon leaves. At this time, the temperature in the room should not drop below 25 degrees, and then it is slightly gradually lowered. Low temperatures are dangerous for this plant, already at 10 degrees, serious damage begins - it turns yellow, buds and ovaries fall off, growth stops.
Determinant (undersized).
Selection of varieties for open ground and greenhouses.
Do not water the plants too much, however, completely drying out the earth is unacceptable. A good tomato seedling is obtained when it is fed with a fertilizer solution. The first feeding should be 10 days after the pick, the second two weeks later. Fertilization must be combined with watering. After watering, the ground is slightly loosened.
In order to grow good tomato seedlings at home, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the soil. Usually it is prepared in autumn by mixing turf, humus and sand in equal amounts. Before planting seeds, it is advisable to steam the soil so that the larvae of pests and pathogens die. Sometimes it is enough to water it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

When to sow tomatoes for seedlings according to the growing season?

2. buy good varieties tomatoes (preferably in specialty stores, and not anywhere)

Part of the growth energy is directed to the formation of new roots.
It also has its own subtleties (for beginners).
In order for tomatoes to grow strong, hardy, not sick and give a bountiful harvest, it is necessary that the seedlings are of good quality. To solve this problem, first of all, back in the fall, I prepare required amount soil for seedlings at the rate of 0.5 liters per plant.

It is important to correctly determine the timing so as not to overexpose the seedlings on the windowsill. This is fraught with inhibition of the growth of an adult bush and a decrease in yield.

When is the best time to plant tomato seedlings?

- bucket

For tomato seedlings on the windowsill to be strong and green, it needs a lot of light. If there is a lack of natural light, the planting will have to be illuminated, sometimes it needs to be done around the clock. Tomatoes must be provided with stable and uniform watering without waterlogging and drying, which are equally detrimental to the plant.

Indeterminate (vigorous).

Correct planting of a tomato in the ground.
To increase natural light, they use homemade light reflectors made from cardboard and new shiny foil. The cardboard is wrapped in foil and placed behind the seedlings. As a result, the street light is reflected on the plants, the illumination is increased by 10-20%.

If there are few seeds, you can purchase soil prepared for growing tomatoes at the store. It contains all the nutrients plants need.

How to properly plant tomato seedlings indoors?

3. observe the timing of sowing seeds (late-ripening plants are planted earlier, in March, early ripening ones, in April)

If the seedlings are very elongated, this can be corrected in two ways.

I use 200 gr. cups, cutting off the bottom in a circle (the roots should not bend, even if they are better spread along the bottom of the box). I pour a thin layer of substrate on the bottom of the box and press the cups into it - it turns out exactly 28

Good predecessors for tomatoes are carrots, onions and cucumbers. Therefore, I collect the land from my garden, from those beds where these crops grew. In addition to the garden land, I stock up on a few more buckets of peat, collected in a forest near my suburban area... I add thin to the peat upper layer forest land, old abandoned anthills, rotted dust from old birch stumps.

Average tomato sowing time:

- scoop

The grown tomato seedlings are dived for the first time, and after the appearance of a pair of true leaves, a second dive into the seedling cups is carried out. When performing this operation, young plants are carefully buried in cotyledonous leaves. It is not worth damaging or even more so cutting off the cotyledons - they are a source of nutrients for a plant that has begun to develop. Subsequently, they will fall off themselves when they are no longer needed.

For growing in greenhouses, tall and vigorous varieties of tomatoes are usually selected, since they are most productive in greenhouses and give a large yield. If you plan to grow tomatoes in the open field, you can grow good tomato seedlings from low-growing varieties, they are less at risk of stretching and overgrowing. Such plants form squat, strong bushes that often do not need to be further tied to trellises or stakes.

Tomatoes are early, medium ripening and late. Between these three varieties there are intermediate ones with a ripening difference of 5-15 days, but basically this division is correct and correct.

Tomato seedlings begin to harden when the daytime air temperature reaches 10 ° C. On the day, the plants are put on the balcony. At first, they are protected from direct sunlight with paper. If the balcony is glazed and the night temperature does not drop below 0 ° C, the seedlings can be left on the balcony around the clock, closing it at night.

Seeds for growing good tomato seedlings must be pretreated against diseases and then fed. For disinfection, use a solution of dark-colored potassium permanganate. Tomato seeds are placed in a piece of gauze and immersed in the solution for 15 minutes.

4. tomatoes love light! place for seedlings - south side, do not like the neighborhood of cucumbers (oppress each other), responsive to feeding (kemira lux)

In the first case, before picking at elongated seedlings, the stem is cut so that part of it remains above the cotyledon leaves (1.2 cm). The seedling is dived into a glass and buried to the cotyledons. A transparent plastic bag is put on the glass. After about a week, a stepson appears on the stem in the form of the first true leaf.

Growing tomato seedlings at home (video)

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Tomatoes will move to such new houses

You will need

I sprinkle everything cooked in one bucket into a bag, so that later it is not very difficult to bring home, I mark the bags - where is the earth, and where is peat, and I take it to storage in a cold garage. There, the land and peat are well frozen and thereby freed from many pests.
In the southern regions of Russia and in Ukraine - from February 20 to March 15 (disembarkation in the OG - from April 15 to May 20);
- solution of "potassium permanganate
With the help of a pick, you can slightly reduce the effect of pulling the plant in the early stages - by deepening the seedling and adding light, you can make the seedlings stronger and healthier. The part of the stem, which, after a dive, will be in the ground, will give roots and will additionally nourish the plant. In order for the cut seedlings to take root quickly and without losses, the soil must be warm enough, and irrigation should be uniform without flooding. If we plant tomato seedlings correctly, we end up with plants with a strong, stable stem, juicy green leaves and an overall healthy appearance.
To get good seedlings, you need to choose healthy planting material, choose the right soil and containers for planting, observe the correct temperature and watering.
Early tomato varieties have the shortest growing season from sowing to flowering and therefore produce the earliest and most valuable harvest. Early tomato seedlings produce delicious fresh vegetables, but require more care and effort to grow.
Tomato, or tomato, is a plant from the Solanaceae family native to South America. The Europeans got to know him only after the discovery of the New World and the tomato, like everything new, “took root” rather hard and for a long time. Despite this, now the tomato is one of the most popular and demanded vegetables in the whole world. It is difficult to imagine at least one of the national cuisines where the tomato would not be used. Some dishes cannot be imagined without tomatoes - just remember Ukrainian borscht, Italian pizza, Mexican chili, American ketchup and much more.
After processing, they must be rinsed with running water and soaked in water for a day with the addition of a solution of trace elements intended for feeding seedlings. Then the seeds in a damp cloth should be left in a warm place for germination. The sprouts hatch in 4-5 days.
5. to form a powerful root system in 2-3 weeks (the frequency of watering depends on the growth rate of the seedlings) water with an atlant.
The second method is that the seedling is placed horizontally in the groove and covered with earth to the level of the first true leaf. Water and cover with a bag in the same way. After a while, the seedling will rise by itself. Do the same when planting seedlings in a permanent place in the ground.
Plants.

Instructions

For growing seedlings, I use various half-liter cardboard and plastic cups (from cream, sour cream, etc.). On each one, I must stick the labels with the indication of the tomato variety with transparent tape. In opaque containers in the bottoms I make two holes, but in transparent containers this is not required, because it is already clearly visible how much water is required for irrigation. I put the well-mixed and moistened soil in cups, and I only fill them halfway.

Tomato seedlings at home: how to grow tomato seedlings on the windowsill |

The question often arises: how to feed tomato seedlings? During the growth period, plants need complex fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen and the obligatory content of microelements. The grown seedlings need more potassium, with a lack of this element, the plant becomes covered with spots, stretches, turns pale and becomes ill.

When to sow tomatoes for seedlings?

Varieties of medium fruiting periods give fruits in the high season, they are the most delicious and healthy. The growing season is longer than that of early tomatoes.

An important condition for obtaining a plentiful and high-quality harvest is the correct planting of tomatoes for seedlings. Only strong and healthy seedlings will quickly and easily take root in the ground or in a greenhouse, they will actively bloom and set large and tasty fruits.

It is convenient to grow tomato seedlings in special plastic containers. You can use cardboard packages or plastic cups from dairy products. In the bottoms plastic containers it is recommended to make several holes.
Good harvest to you!
The elongated seedlings are laid in grooves made at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the long side of the bed and also sprinkled with earth. Cardboard is temporarily placed under the stems and leaves above ground level. As soon as the stems begin to rise, the plants are carefully tied up, gradually changing the tension of the cord until they are completely straightened.

I pour in one third of the glass and plant the tomato - the top of the seedling is at the level of the top edge of the glass.

The time of sowing seedlings for different regions varies from February to April and depends on many factors - the time of planting the finished seedlings in a permanent place, the composition of the seedling soil, the quality of the seeds, the degree of illumination of the room, etc. Therefore, in order to determine the optimal sowing time, for the first time, you should sow tomatoes for seedlings in two or three doses, with a time interval of about a week. In which case the seedlings are of the highest quality - this is the sowing time and take as a basis in the future.

Growing conditions for tomato seedlings

- glass or cellophane for the manufacture of a microsteam
A properly grown tomato seedling quickly takes root in the ground, forms a strong green plant, begins to bloom and bear fruit within the time frame set for this variety.
Since tomatoes tolerate picking and replanting well, in order to save money and space, you can sow tomatoes in boxes or other suitable containers. Subsequently, the seedlings dive for the first time, planting them at a greater distance, and then transplanted into separate containers, where the seedlings stay until they are planted in the ground. In the second version, the seeds are sown 2-3 in pots or cups, weaker plants are subsequently simply pulled out. This method is more costly, planting will take up a significant area, a large number of seedlings cannot be grown in an apartment.

Tomato seedlings: growing at home

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How to grow tomato seedlings at home

Late tomatoes bear fruit from the second half of summer until late autumn; in warm weather, tomatoes remain fresh on the bushes until frost. These tomatoes have the longest growing season.

In order for tomato seedlings at home to be healthy and of high quality, you need to follow simple, but very important rules:

The pre-moistened soil is laid out in boxes, containers or cups. With the help of a pencil, grooves are made in the ground with a depth of 1 cm.The distance between them should be about 5 cm, and between the seeds - 2 cm. In cups, pots or small containers, you can sow 3 pcs.

And what is your seedling overload?

The tomato is very fond of "snacking". Therefore, when growing, the seedlings are fed 2 times. The first feeding is carried out 10 days after the pick. 35 g of superphosphate, 12 g of potassium sulfate and 4 g of urea are dissolved in 10 liters of water, or ready-made complex fertilizers for vegetables are used. The second feeding is carried out two weeks after the first with similar fertilizer solutions. Each top dressing must be combined with watering, and after each watering, light loosening of the soil is carried out. In general, watering is carried out in moderation, but the rule is strictly observed - complete drying out of the soil is unacceptable.

IMPORTANT:

I have good quality self-harvested tomato seeds, so I do not do any pre-sowing treatment (dressing, germination, etc.). I sow dry seeds, 3 pieces each (due to competition in a bunch, the plants grow more intensively) in the center of each glass to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. After sowing, I carefully water the soil from a special small watering can.

To accurately answer the question of when to plant tomato seedlings, you need to know about the end date of spring frosts in your area. Counting from this period 55-65 days ago, you can accurately determine the date of the desired landing.

- lamp for supplementary lighting

To grow strong seedlings of peppers, it is important to follow several main agricultural techniques. First of all, you need to familiarize yourself with botanical characteristics culture.

Usually, early tomatoes are a pleasant delicacy to the table after a long winter, mid-ripening ones accompany food throughout the season, and later ones go for conservation and processing.

The correct timing of sowing tomato seeds for seedlings.

The seeds are laid out in grooves, sprinkled with earth and moistened with a spray bottle. To make the seedlings hatch faster, the containers are covered with plastic wrap and placed in a warm, well-lit room with an air temperature of 21 ° C.

I grow first on the windowsill, even before flowering and small tomatoes. Most importantly, do not believe it, treat the sprouts as with a living being - carefully and with love. Never think about the bad around her. Then she will be strong and healthy.

It should be remembered that frequent and excessive soil moisture, lack of nutrition and illumination, together lead to a disease of seedlings with a black leg (the stem at the base turns black, becomes thinner and the plant dies). When the outside temperature rises to 10 ° C during the day, the seedlings are taken out to the balcony for hardening for the day. At first, they shade with paper from direct sunlight. In the future, if the weather permits, the seedlings are left on the balcony around the clock, covering for the night.

It is undesirable to transplant wet plants, abundant watering in the evening, and picking in the morning.

Do not forget to lower the temperature and highlight the seedlings immediately after germination. The first three days, preferably around the clock.

If you plan to plant tomato seedlings not in open ground, but in a greenhouse or on glazed balcony, then sowing work can be started 2-3 weeks earlier.

Pepper is a very complex and tempting shrub. Growing this delicious vegetable you will be able to get on your dining table a product rich in vitamins "C", "P", "B1", "B2", carotene and other useful components. Peppers grew wild in tropical areas. The preferred cultivation area is in the temperate southern, subtropical and tropical latitudes. Moisture-loving and heat-loving culture, loves structural soils with a high nutrients and organics.

- pepper seeds

For growing tomato seedlings on the windowsill, it is the early varieties that are most suitable, since they need to be sown on seedlings in early spring, in order to plant them in the ground after the end of return frosts.

Maintaining the temperature regime.

When seedlings appear, it is important to provide them with lighting as much as possible, otherwise the seedlings will stretch out. Fortified sprouts can be sprinkled with earth a little - until the first leaves. Water the seedlings closer to the edge of the cups (around the circumference), and then loosen the soil. This avoids the black leg disease.

Well, after Ilbirs's answer, there is nothing to add. I also grow my pepper and tomato seedlings every year. And I concluded that planting too early is not suitable for me. Last year I sowed peppers in February, they sprouted for a long time, as if they felt that spring was not coming soon, then another variety in March. By the time the seedlings were planted, they were equal in growth. I sow tomatoes in March. Peppers immediately in separate cups. Tomatoes necessarily require picking and planting. It is desirable even 2 times, first from one container separately, and then in April - into a larger glass. With each transplant, they only get stronger. But I usually have a lot of them, about 50, there is not much space on the windowsills, so I dive once. South window, top dressing is also KemiraLux or Malyshok for tomatoes. And it is also important not only to grow good seedlings, but also to protect tomatoes from late blight in the beds. Here the ProfitGold remedy helps me, times 3 seasons and do not get sick. Good luck to you.

Tomato seedlings are planted in a permanent place in the ground: in protected ground - in early May, in open ground - in early June, when the threat of the last frost has passed.

It is undesirable to hold the plant by the stem when transplanting, preferably by the leaf.

Before a dive MANDATORY reception:

When growing tomato seedlings on a windowsill, create conditions for seedlings with:

Where to start to grow good pepper seedlings? First of all, we select the seeds: 1. The seeds must be fresh, because the pepper remains viable for 2 years. 2. Seeds must be germinated by placing them in a damp cloth and keeping them in a plastic bag at a temperature of 23-27 degrees with daily ventilation. After swelling of 20-30% of the seeds and germination of sprouts, it is important not to miss the moment and immediately sow the germinated seed into the soil. But for this we will prepare the soil for sowing. Pepper responds very well to organic matter. We prepare the soil with a content of 25% compost or rotted manure, 50% sod land and 25% sand, be sure to add dolomite flour (150 grams per bucket of prepared soil), pepper does not tolerate acidic soil at all. Of mineral fertilizers add nitroammophoska at the rate of 50-70 g per bucket of soil. Mix the soil thoroughly. It is advisable to steam all soil components over a "water bath" - this contributes to the disinfection of the soil.

» Tomatoes (tomatoes)

Experienced gardeners have long noticed that when growing a tomato from seedlings, the yield and immunity of plants is much higher than when sowing seeds directly on open beds. Growing seedlings at home will not be difficult if you adhere to certain requirements and take care of them properly.

Correctly determined sowing dates will be a guarantee good growth bush and its abundant fruiting. Sowing seeds for seedlings is necessary 55-60 days before planting seedlings in open ground.

In different regions, the disembarkation time depends on climatic conditions... For example:

in Ukraine and southern Russia, sowing must be performed from 15 to 20 February;
in the center of Russia - from 15 to 20 March;
on the North of Russia - from 1 to 15 April.

Seed preparation

First of all, it is necessary to select suitable tomato seeds for planting.

This requires soak them in a sodium chloride solution for 10 minutes... Remove floating seeds as they are not suitable for sowing. Rinse and disinfect those that have settled to the bottom in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, dipping the seeds into it in a cloth napkin for 10 minutes.

Watch the time carefully so as not to overexpose the inoculum in the solution, as this will reduce germination.

Disinfected seeds must be soaked in a growth promoter for better germination. After that, carry out the hardening procedure by placing them in a cloth bag in the refrigerator for a day. Heat the hardened seeds for 8 hours at a temperature +21 degrees.

Soil preparation

Mix the soil from the garden in equal parts with sifted river sand, peat or humus and add ash to normalize the acidity level. Ready soil needs to be disinfected in order to prevent diseases.

This can be done in two ways:

It is good to water the soil with a hot solution of strong manganese;
Warm up the soil in the oven for 15-20 minutes at a temperature of 190-210 degrees.

Sowing seeds at home

Pour the prepared soil into containers, level well. Sow seeds in grooves deep 0.5-0.7 cm on distance 2.5 cm apart. Sprinkle with a thin layer of earth, moisten with a spray bottle and cover with plastic.

Move the container to a dark room with a temperature + 27 + 28 degrees... Polyethylene must be opened during this time to give the seeds access to oxygen. Moisten the soil as needed. When the first sprouts appear, remove the polyethylene and transfer the container to a well-lit room.

Room humidity should be at least 80%. To do this, they put water in the room next to the battery.

Indoor temperature for the first week should be in the afternoon + 13 + 15 degrees, at night + 8 + 10 degrees... In the second week, the temperature is increased by 4 degrees during the day and at night.

Lighting

After the emergence of seedlings, special attention should be paid to lighting and care. The sprout container should be placed on the most lighted windowsill.

In case of insufficient lighting, it is recommended for seedlings to create additional round-the-clock lighting for the first three days. This can be done with fluorescent lamps. In the future, the duration of daylight hours should be at least 16 hours.

Watering

Watering must be done Once a day with a spray bottle... It is impossible to water from a watering can, so as not to damage the still weak root system.

The water should be at room temperature. Watering should be moderate, as excess moisture will lead to fungal diseases.

Top dressing

The first feeding must be done 14 days after the appearance of the first shoots... In the future, apply fertilizing every week.

Fermented mullein or chicken droppings work best for tomatoes. You can also use ash, crushed eggshells, infusion onion peel... Fertilizing is necessary after watering in the morning or evening. Fertilizers are applied to the root zone.

Diving seedlings

If the seeds were sown densely, then the first pick must be done 10 days after the first germination... The seedlings are planted very carefully, since the transplantation of not yet matured plants is very destructive for them.

Seedlings are transplanted into peat tablets or plastic glasses with a capacity of 200 grams.

The next transplant must be performed if there are on the seedlings two sheets... It must be transplanted into pots with a capacity of 1 liter. This must be done carefully, removing the seedlings from the glass along with the soil, so as not to damage the still weak root system. After transplanting, the seedlings must be watered with a spray bottle.

Pinching

A pinching procedure is performed so that the stepsons do not slow down the growth of the main stem. It is necessary to delete them until the moment until they grew up to 5 cm... This procedure will be painless for the plant.

At the same time, in addition to the main trunk, one more stepson is left, who will later be the second stem. With this type of pinching, the fruits will ripen more slowly, but the yield will increase significantly.

Hardening

After emergence on seedlings three sheets it must be hardened. This will help the seedlings to better adapt to weather changes and improve immunity to diseases.

In the first days of hardening in the room, a window is opened for 20 minutes. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no drafts and that the cold air stream is not directed towards the seedlings.

Subsequent days, the seedlings are taken out into the open air for 2 hours at first, then the time is increased to full daylight hours. Two days before planting, the seedlings are left on the street for a day.

Signs of the difference between healthy seedlings

height 30-35 cm;
thick sturdy stem;
Availability 10-12 sheets;
the color of the leaves is dark green;
formed inflorescences.

A thick stem and the presence of 10-12 leaves are signs of healthy tomato seedlings

Common mistakes when growing seedlings

unsuitability of seeds for growing seedlings (selection has not been performed);
improperly prepared soil (heavy soil or disinfection has not been carried out);
non-compliance with the temperature regime;
lack of lighting (excessive stretching of seedlings);
early sowing of seeds;
lack or excess of moisture;
lack of hardening;
untimely transplantation of seedlings.

Seedlings should be planted in the ground when the frosts pass, then it will be possible to successfully save it.

By the time of disembarkation, the age of the seedlings should be 55-60 days... Overexposing the seedlings is not recommended, as this will significantly reduce the yield. Disembarkation takes place from early May to mid June, depending on the region.

It stands on the same step with crops such as cucumber and pepper - these vegetables are grown on their site by almost all gardeners. But in order to get a decent harvest of tomatoes, it is necessary to provide for the cultivation of tomato seedlings at home. Our climate most often does not allow the planting of seeds of this native of the south directly into open ground.

When to plant tomatoes for seedlings?

For central Russia, tomato seedlings are planted at home from mid-February to late March- depending on where the culture will subsequently be grown, in the open field or in the greenhouse... To determine when to sow tomatoes for seedlings, you should adhere to the following time intervals:

February 15 - March 15- sow a crop if it is planned to plant tomato (tomato) seedlings in a greenhouse;
March 1 - 20- carry out planting of tomatoes for seedlings when grown in open ground using spunbond or other covering material;
15 - 31 March- plan to plant tomato seedlings for open ground.

Preparing tomato seeds for sowing seedlings

Culling

In the question of how to properly plant tomatoes for seedlings, you need to start with the preparation of seeds. The first stage is culling. Growing tomato seedlings at home is possible only from healthy, strong seeds with a dense shell. It is quite simple to separate the unusable seeds - it is enough to place the planting material in salt water (1 tsp salt in half a liter of water) and empty low-quality seeds will float up on their own.

ON THE PICTURE: "Empty" tomato seeds float in the water and can be easily separated from suitable planting material.

Disinfection

If growing tomato seedlings at home is planned from seeds from your garden, it is necessary to decontaminate them in a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. Planting material in gauze bags, they are dipped in liquid for 20 minutes, after which they are washed twice with water. Fresh seeds renowned manufacturers such a procedure is not needed.

On a note! Too concentrated solution of potassium permanganate reduces seed germination. Those who are afraid to overdo it can use (8 drops in half a liter of water). This biological product copes well with many diseases of fungal and bacterial origin.

Soak

Preparing tomato seeds at home also involves pre-soaking them. This is done a few days before disembarkation. The seeds are placed in warm water (about + 25 ° C) and kept in it for about 18–20 hours, then dried with paper towels.

In principle, they usually soak old seeds that have been stored for 3-4 years. Young planting material grows well in dry form!

Instead of water for soaking, you can use growth stimulants (1-2 drops per 100 ml of warm water), for example, epin-extra, zircon. In this case, caring for tomato seedlings at home will be simplified - these growth stimulants help to increase germination and plant resistance to diseases.

Hardening

Another possible stage in seed preparation is hardening, which accelerates the emergence of seedlings. The planting material, immediately after soaking, is placed in a damp gauze in a refrigerator, kept there for about a day and dried. After that, the seeds are immediately planted in the prepared soil.

How to plant tomatoes for seedlings?

Soil preparation

The easiest way is to take ready-made soil intended for growing vegetable seedlings. Coconut substrate and peat tablets with a diameter of 30–40 mm are also suitable. A plus last option- no diving of tomato seedlings is required.
ON THE PICTURE: Peat tablets are successful when growing seedlings, the main advantages are the absence of the need to prepare the soil for seedlings and picking.

How to plant tomatoes for seedlings using garden soil? There are no special requirements. A mixture of turf and sand, with the addition of sawdust or peat, is suitable. Before use, such soil must be steamed or calcined in the oven to get rid of pathogens.

Choice of capacity

How to plant tomatoes for seedlings correctly - in a common container or in separate cups? There is not much difference, except that the seeds planted in separate pots are easier to dive. It is even more convenient to use cassettes - containers with cells, each of which contains one seedling - and it is convenient to carry and transplant.

Sowing

In small pre-moistened holes 1–1.5 cm deep, 1-2 seeds are planted (the distance between the holes is 3–5 cm), sprinkled with earth on top and tamped a little. Planting before the emergence of seedlings is covered with polyethylene or glass and placed in a warm place (+ 22-25 ° C). Ventilate periodically.

Caring for tomato seedlings at home

The first seedlings of tomatoes appear already on the 4-7th day. The main condition for caring for them from this period is a lot of scattered light (that is, without direct sunlight). Daylight hours for young seedlings should last about 16 hours, so it is advisable to supplement the seedlings with fluorescent or phytolamps in the first few weeks.
ON THE PICTURE: Supplementing the seedlings accelerates their growth and makes the seedlings stronger.

A couple of days after the emergence of seedlings, the containers must be moved to a well-ventilated room, the temperature for tomato seedlings is + 14–16 ° С. After a week, the growing temperature should be brought to + 18 ° С, and the nighttime temperature should be kept at the same + 14–16 ° С. To do this, it is enough to leave the window open overnight, avoiding drafts. Such temperature regime withstand a month.

How to water tomato seedlings?

Before the first true leaf appears, the seedlings do not water, but only slightly irrigate the soil. Then the soil is moistened on average once every five days. The hardened plants after picking are watered under the root as the top layer of the soil dries up.

How to dive tomato seedlings?

Caring for tomato seedlings at home includes the obligatory picking of grown seedlings with two or three true leaves into separate containers with a volume of about 0.5 liters. Two days before picking tomato seedlings, the soil is watered so that the delicate roots are not damaged during extraction.

When transplanting, the tip of the root of each plant must be pinched to stimulate the growth of lateral roots. The seedling itself is deepened to the cotyledonous leaves, after which the soil is poured with water at room temperature.

ON THE PICTURE: From such cassettes, seedlings can simply be transferred into larger containers.

If the seedlings are grown in peat tablets, there is no need to dive. Seedling tablets are simply placed in containers and covered with soil.

How to feed tomato seedlings?

In the question of how to feed tomato and pepper seedlings (the principles of growing seedlings of these crops are generally similar), the main thing is not to overdo it. If the seedlings are strong with dark green leaves, then additional fertilization can be omitted. Otherwise, feeding tomato seedlings involves the addition of nitrogen fertilizers. The most commonly used scheme is:

The first feeding - 2 weeks after the pick. It is best at this stage to feed the urea solution along the leaf and at the root (1 tablespoon / 10 liters of water). It is also permissible to use potassium nitrate, fertilizer "Agricola-3" according to the instructions for tomato seedlings;
The second feeding is done 1-2 weeks after the first one. During this period, "Nitrofoska" is suitable (1 tablespoon / 1 liter of water per watering 25-30 plants). With an overly elongated stem, you can use a superphosphate solution (1 table. L / 3 liters of water);
Further, "Nitrofoska" can be applied every 10 days, having completed all dressings at least a week before planting the seedlings in the ground.

TO folk methods environmentally friendly feeding of tomato and pepper seedlings includes feeding with yeast. According to the reviews of amateur gardeners, yeast helps to significantly increase the immunity of seedlings, accelerate root formation and the growth of vegetative mass. We recommend carrying out such experiments on a separate batch of seedlings, which is not a pity to lose.

Fertilizer preparation is very simple:

Based on live yeast: dilute 1 kilogram of yeast (usually sold in briquettes) in 5 liters of slightly warmed water, let it brew for about a day. Before watering, the solution is additionally diluted with water, the ratio is 1:10;
With dry granular yeast: dissolve 50 g of dry yeast in 5 liters of warm water and add 1 tablespoon of sugar. After insisting (several hours), add more water to the solution, the ratio is 1: 5.

ON THE PICTURE: "Penny" yeast is a good stimulator of growth and development of tomato seedlings.

It is not enough to know how to feed tomato seedlings after a pick, you need to know and how to do it. It is best to add fertilizer in the morning, in a pre-moistened soil. After feeding, it is advisable to lightly spray the plants with water so that no traces of fertilizers remain on the leaves.

Hardening tomato seedlings

How to grow tomato seedlings so that they do not die in the open field due to a sharp change in growing conditions? Hardening of young plants that begin For two weeks before the intended disembarkation. The temperature at which the seedlings are kept is gradually reduced from + 20 ° C to + 14 ° C, opening the vents and windows in the room for this. You can take seedlings to the balcony for a day, provided that the temperature does not fall below + 10 ° C. At the very beginning of hardening, the seedlings are shaded, from the fourth day they will no longer be afraid of sunlight.

ON THE PICTURE: Hardening of seedlings - mandatory procedure when growing tomatoes, otherwise young plants planted in open ground may die at the slightest cold snap.

When to plant tomatoes?

You can visually determine if tomato seedlings are ready for growing in the open field. Plants can be planted if:

The seedlings have acquired six to seven leaves with short internodes;
The stems are thickened, reaching a height of 30 cm;
One or two flower clusters have appeared on the tomatoes.

For Central Russia and the Moscow Region, it is possible to plant seedlings in a greenhouse from May 1 to 10, when using a film shelter - from May 15 to May 25, directly into open ground - from May 25 to June 15.

In the Urals and Siberia, it is advisable to plant tomato seedlings not earlier than mid-June, but much depends on the variety.

ON THE PICTURE: When planting tomato seedlings, only the "soil" cup is deepened.

Diseases of tomato seedlings and their treatment with a photo

Although tomato is not considered the most whimsical crop, there are problems with its cultivation. And difficulties can begin with young seedlings. How plants signal malaise, why tomato seedlings die - consider below the most common diseases of tomato seedlings and their treatment with a photo.

Black leg of tomato seedlings

Darkening in the lower part of the stem, lodging of seedlings are signs. The main causes of this disease of fungal origin are excessive moisture in immature plants, coupled with a lack of lighting. It is necessary to remove the affected specimens, sprinkle the soil under them with ash, and cover the rest of the soil surface with sand. In the future, overflows should be avoided and plants should be provided with good lighting.

ON THE PICTURE:Thinning, blackening of the base of the stem of a seedling is a sure sign of a "black leg".

Leaves curl

Why do the leaves of tomato seedlings curl? There may be several reasons:

Increased room temperature;
Insufficient watering;
Low humidity;
There is not enough space for the plant - the volume of the container for seedlings is incorrectly selected;
Too dense soil;
An excess of nitrogen fertilizers.

All these reasons are associated with plant care and are most often removable.

ON THE PICTURE: Twisted lms in grown seedlings may indicate the need to transplant the seedling into a more spacious container.

Spots on the leaves of tomato seedlings

With spots on the leaves, not everything is so simple. They can appear as a result of improper care, and as a result of fungal or viral diseases.

Whitish spots on the leaves:

Most often they indicate white (septoria), a disease of fungal origin. This is facilitated by increased humidity and high temperatures... Such plants should be removed, and the remaining seedlings should be treated with 1% Bordeaux mixture. Similarly, with brown spotting - in this case, the spots on the leaves are initially gray, gradually the entire leaf turns brown and dies.
Whitening of the leaves can also be the result of sunburn, if the seedlings are placed in a lighted place for a long time without preparation. Young plants should be taught to the sun gradually.

ON THE PICTURE: Tomato leaves damaged by septoria.

ON THE PICTURE: Brown spot of tomatoes.

Dark spots on lower leaves:

May be the reason chemical burn, when, during root feeding, droplets of liquid fertilizer fall on the leaf blades.

Variegated leaves:

Light and dark spots on the leaves are caused by the mosaic virus. The reason is contaminated seed. There is no cure for this type of disease yet; the affected plants need to be burned.

ON THE PICTURE: Mosaic on tomato leaves.

Yellowing leaves of tomato seedlings

Why do the leaves of tomato seedlings turn yellow? Depending on the nature of the yellowing of the leaves, the reasons may be different. If, for example, the lower leaves of tomato seedlings turn yellow, then the plants are most likely experiencing a lack of nitrogen fertilizers. Urea will help to correct the situation - 20 g (tablespoon) is diluted in 10 liters. water and introduced into the soil with seedlings, and the leaves are sprayed with a solution.

Also yellowing of leaves can be caused by excessive watering and lack of lighting. It is enough to rearrange the tomato seedlings closer to the window, adjust the watering and the problem will be eliminated.

ON THE PICTURE: The leaves of tomato seedlings turned yellow, there is a high probability of overflow of the plant.

As you can see, there should not be any particular difficulties in growing tomatoes. You can see more clearly how to sow tomatoes for seedlings in the video below.

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