How to correctly place the stairs to the attic floor. How to choose a ladder to the attic

In their homes, most people, not wanting to lose the usable area of ​​the attic, convert it into a living attic room. To climb into such a room, you need a safe and comfortable staircase. In order not to be mistaken when choosing, you need to know what kind of attic stairs are in terms of design and materials of manufacture, where it is best to place it in your house, and what dimensions to take into account when calculating the staircase structure.

Ladder structures on attic floor, according to the type of placement, are divided into two types:

  • outdoor
  • internal

External staircase to the attic - located on the street side of the building and provides us with a separate entrance. The construction of such a staircase is advisable if the owner of the room needs to get inside without disturbing the residents. IN small house, the staircase to the attic from the street will not clutter up the living space with its design. To avoid unnecessary financial costs, the entrance opening for an external staircase is best designed during the construction phase of the house.

The internal staircase is located inside the building, the most common placement option, since you have access to the attic space directly from the inside of the house. At the right choice design and convenient location, such a staircase design can become a highlight of your interior.

Types of mansard stairs by design

There are six main types of attic stairs:

  1. Single-flight - a simple design that you can make with your own hands, consists of a straight flight of stairs, located at an angle. This design is not suitable for all types of houses, since for a comfortable angle of inclination, which is 20-45 degrees, it is necessary to have a ceiling height of no more than 2.5 meters. If the height is large, the stairs will have a steep and unsafe descent. The construction of this staircase will require a flatter opening in the floor, which will lead to a decrease in living space attic room.

  1. Two-flight - a comfortable staircase is suitable for spacious rooms, consists of flights of stairs and a turning platform, which is located at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees. With the correct positioning of the platform, you can set the appropriate angle of inclination, which will ensure a safe and comfortable descent and ascent. It is more expedient to place such a ladder structure in the corner to save space.

  1. With winder steps - in this design, the turntable is replaced by trapezoidal steps, the placement of which takes place with the narrow side to the center of the stairs. Due to this, this type of construction takes up much less space than one or two flight stairs.

  1. The spiral staircase to the attic, due to its design, consisting of winding steps attached to the support post, looks elegant and compact, suitable for small spaces. Various types such a design may be enough for 1 sq. meters of living space. It is very easy to stumble on small structures. It should be borne in mind that ascending in a spiral, the elderly may experience dizziness, and such stairs require additional lighting and more reliable railings. It is impossible to lift large-sized things to the attic along it, consider this point, if you need to furnish the room, it is better to do this before installing the spiral staircase.

  1. Involute stairs - they look very elegant and original, according to design features middle solution between screw and marching options. This design is mounted on a curved metal or wooden kosour, which is very difficult to make on your own, and therefore such a ladder is a rather expensive option.

  1. Folding ladders are a mechanism consisting of sections folding or sliding into each other. When folded, they are placed in the staircase and from the side of the room are closed with a hatch, thanks to which the room is insulated and there is no need to make additional insulation of the staircase. This type of construction is more suitable if the house is small or you do not plan to constantly use the attic, for example, only in the summer.

What to make a staircase from for your interior

The staircase to the attic floor is an important and exclusive part of the interior, on which attention is focused, when choosing an outdoor, also important architectural element... When choosing a material, be guided by the interior of the house and your preferences.

Common types of materials in the manufacture of staircase structures are:

  • Wood
  • Metal
  • Concrete (stone)
  • Glass
  1. A wooden staircase to the attic looks beautiful in any interior, adding extra comfort to the room. For self-made staircase construction, wood is the most suitable material with which it is easy to work at home. When choosing a staircase made of wood, it is necessary to take into account that wooden steps should not be too smooth, since polished or varnished, increase the chance of slipping and falling off the stairs.
  2. Metal staircases in the interior look refined and refined, according to their characteristics, they are durable and reliable, they do not require constant maintenance. A metal staircase can be given any type of design, from artistic forging to chrome plating of individual parts or the entire structure. If you are not familiar with the welded business, then this staircase to the attic with your own hands becomes a difficult task at home.
  3. Concrete or masonry is very heavy and massive, giving a strong load on the foundation or floor slabs. Ladders made of such material look cumbersome in wooden houses, the best installation place is in brick houses or outside the building. A staircase made of such a material will have to be tiled or plastered and painted, which will lead to financial costs.
  4. Glass is combined model, consisting of a metal stringer and glass steps, which visually give lightness to the structure. Practical and durable, but requires constant glass maintenance. Quite expensive staircases, steps will have to be bought in specialized stores.


How to build a mansard staircase with your own hands

Before starting work, questions arise, where to start and how to make a staircase to the attic. If you have already decided on the design, then you need to choose the material, the most suitable and affordable material for the manufacture of a staircase is wood. The wood is chosen from hard species, since it will have to withstand a serious load, and more than once.

The whole wood material for a staircase, we bring it into the room where we are going to directly build the staircase structure, and store it for two to three days, this is necessary so that the material is at the same temperature and humidity as the room and takes on its final dimensions.

Choosing a place to install the stairs

The choice of the installation site depends on the use of the attic space, permanent or temporary (seasonal), if it will be living room with constant use, then ideal place installation is a hallway or living room. It is best to install the staircase structure near or along the far wall (depending on the chosen structure), with this arrangement, useful space is saved, and does not interfere with moving around the room.

Placement of the staircase, for temporary or seasonal use of the attic room, a veranda is best suited, it will act as a vestibule, which will exclude cool air from entering the living space, also good decision will be the installation of an external staircase from the street.

Basic parameters when calculating stairs

To ensure safety and comfortable movement, there are standards for the permissible dimensions of the elements of the staircase:

  • the slope of the flight stairs -20-40 °
  • staircase width not less than 80-100 cm
  • width (depth) of the step - 20-32 cm (optimal - 27 cm)
  • narrow part of the winder - not less than 10 cm
  • riser height - 15 - 20 cm

Drawing up a drawing and an example of calculating a staircase

This calculation scheme is applicable for single-flight staircase structures made of various materials, be it concrete, wood or metal.

We measure the total lifting height - the distance from the level of the clean floor of the lower floor to the level of the clean floor of the attic floor, for example, let's take equal to 260 cm.

We calculate the number of steps, for this we divide the total lifting height by the height of the riser, take 18 cm (allowable 15-19 cm), we get 260/18 = 14.44 pcs. The result is rounded to the nearest whole number 14.

Therefore, the actual height of the steps (from the top of the lower step to the top of the upper step) will not be 18 cm, but 18.57 cm (260/14).

We calculate the length of the march, take the number of steps and multiply by their width 27 cm (allowable 20-32 cm), we get 14 * 27 = 405 cm.

Having made these calculations, we transfer the obtained dimensions of the stairs to the attic to the drawing.

The height of the space above the head is the distance from the bottom edge of the attic floor to the steps. For unhindered passage along the staircase, according to GOST, this distance should be at least 185 cm.If this distance is less than the allowable one, then it is necessary to reduce the length of the march, by reducing the number of steps and increasing their height.

We calculate the length of the stringer, for this the Pythagorean formula is suitable h2 + l2 = k2

l - march length

h - lifting height

k - kosour

We get k = √ (h2 + l2) = √ (2.62 +4.052) = 4.81. It is better to take the length with a margin and round up to 5 m.

We calculate the width of the stringer - multiply the size of the riser by 2, we get 17.85 * 2 = 35.7 cm.

Video - calculation of a metal staircase.

Installation of the attic staircase

Wooden elements of the staircase must be treated with special compounds (impregnation) that give the material resistance to fire and protection from moisture, as well as varnished, we do all this after they are made, but before the start of installation work.

The work begins with the preparation of kosour, for this we take two boards 5 meters long, this size is taken from the above calculations. Using a square or template, we mark the slots, draw the cutting places for future steps and number them.

We make a template:

  • take a small sheet of plywood
  • from the corners we measure the width of the tread and the height of the riser
  • connect the resulting marks with a line
  • on both sides along the lines made, we fasten the slats
  • we apply the manufactured template to the stringer in such a way that the slats prevent displacement, and we make markings

We use the finished first kosour as a template to make the second kosour.

After the slots have been made, we apply two stringers to each other and check them for an exact match, this is necessary for a stable and reliable structure.

To install and secure the stringers, we prepare a support for them. In the overlap of the attic floor (at the end of the staircase), we make grooves or fix an additional beam on which the stringers will rest. The grooves are easier to make in a wooden floor, and in concrete slabs it is better to attach an additional timber beam. The stringers are fastened from above and below, so we need two beams. In the prepared beams, we make a gash under the grooves, stepping back from the edges by 7 cm. The width of the gash should be equal to the width of the stringer.

When selecting and installing a support (platform) beam, take into account such dimensions as the minimum section equal to 5 × 8 cm. These section dimensions exclude the thinning of the structure when cutting grooves in it for the stringer.

Having done the above work, we proceed directly to the assembly. We insert the finished stringers into the grooves and fix them with hardware, dowels or pins. We attach the stringer along the wall to it with anchors or long screws. The next step in assembly is the installation of steps and risers, fixing occurs in one of the following ways:

  1. notch
  2. screws
  3. dowels

The final stage is the installation of balusters and railings. Thanks to our step by step instructions, a mansard staircase with your own hands is a completely feasible project, if you follow the sequence of work and accurately make calculations.

Attic floor saves both money and Construction Materials, and place. A cold loft can be turned into a useful space. You need to insulate the room, make the decoration, and you can build a staircase. Let's find out what are the options for such structures, how to do it correctly so that the work is successful.

So, there are several types of attic stairs. The design scheme depends on the type as well as the size of the room. It is important to make the correct calculations so that the ladder is strong, comfortable, and reliable. A staircase of any shape is suitable for this purpose. Most often, ordinary marching structures are made, the simplest ones. Various spiral staircases are also made. They are beautiful and save space in the house.

How to choose the correct location for the future structure? The choice depends on which room is at the top. If it is heated, then the stairs can be made in the living room, or in the hallway.

If the room is cold, the attic is summer, it is better to make a staircase on the veranda, or even on the street. The main thing in choosing a place is that the slope is forty-five degrees. Then the design will be convenient. If there is a lot of space, you can make a staircase with two flights. If space is limited, we will make a spiral staircase.

If there is only an opportunity to build a steep staircase with one flight, then we will make the staircase steps. They are more comfortable. The attic ladder should be comfortable and safe. It should also be placed so as not to steal a lot of space from the first floor. It is also worth considering the height of the floor. Let's take a look at how to make a spiral staircase, because it saves space the best. Let's take wood for materials. And let's decide on our design. The features of the ladder are such that there is an octagonal support post, as well as flat handrails. The steps go around the rack.

Such a staircase can be located in one of the corners of the room, taking up very little space. If it is the only climb up, then the opening needs to be made a little wider.

Otherwise, it will be difficult to lift items such as furniture when needed. Having chosen the place, the shape of the opening, we will begin to calculate the diameter of the structure. We measure the height, find the lower level of the structure, and determine the direction of the spiral of our future staircase. We choose the height of the risers and determine the number of steps. Installation is carried out from below. All parts are attached with special pins.

The central support is made from a board about thirty millimeters thick. Octahedrons need to be glued for it. The stand should come out level. The base of the stand is a sheet of steel, to which a metal pipe is attached. We fix the rack to the floor. Now we install the steps. They rest on octahedrons on one side, and on the console on the other side. We also make the handrail in a spiral shape. The work is done.

Attic staircase design

An attic can be very helpful. Any room can be made in this room. There you can equip a bedroom, a nursery, or a study. You can make a very comfortable room if you implement various design solutions... It is also important to take care of the stairs. It must be safe first and foremost. You can also apply some design ideas decorating it.

The attic staircase should become a durable, high-quality structure. It should also be aesthetically pleasing. The design can be very different. Fantasy can work for everything.

Let's first think about what types of attic stairs are. The choice depends on how often this room will be used. If this is a suburban building, it will do simple staircase... If the room itself has a spirit of solidity, you can choose a more interesting option.

So, there are several types of stairs. There is a spiral, foldable, attic staircase. And there is a design with one or more flights. The most effective option is a spiral staircase. It allows you to embody many stylish ideas... The design depends on the overall style of the building and on personal preference.

Much also depends on the materials. There are wooden and metal stairs. And there are also structures made of glass, which allows you to especially distinguish yourself in style. Those who love the classics prefer wooden options stairs. But metal also allows for a sophisticated and unusually graceful design. Therefore, you can combine these two materials by combining them. You can decorate a staircase made of wood with forged details. It will be a delightful way to decorate your home. The stone staircase also looks very nice.

Well, you can calculate the sizes. Do not forget to take into account the angle of inclination, as well as the width of the steps. This is important for the comfortable use of the ladder. Sometimes it is difficult to find the line between practicality and aesthetics. But it needs to be done. Since the most important thing is the safety of users of the future design. The interior of the staircase can give the whole house an atmosphere of coziness and warmth.

Any private house has attic... But for easy access to it, a reliable ladder is needed. If the structure is made inside, it will be more comfortable and cozy, especially in the colder months. But it happens that the house has already been renovated, everything is in its place, and you don't want to clutter up the space, especially if there is so little of it. Therefore, sometimes the stairs are made on the street. Let's talk about such a ladder.

There are several types of outdoor loft stairs. You need to decide on him. some types can only be installed in a spacious yard, while others are suitable for more bottlenecks... Another type of ladder depends on the selected material. There are electric staircases. They slide out vertically, and this is very convenient. But making such a ladder is not easy. You need an electric drive, the ability to work with metal, and the height of the ceiling must be appropriate.

Another type is the accordion ladder. You can often see such options in stores. The elements are connected and work like a scissor. When the ladder is assembled, it attracts almost no attention. This design is made easier. Another kind of stairs is marching structure... It takes up enough space. Marches can be combined and whole. They can be straight or curved. Maybe one march, or maybe three sites. They can be made of metal or made of wood. They are easy to make. It is this type of staircase that we will now consider in more detail.

It is important to observe safety precautions, this is the most important point in all work. The ladder must be made strong as well as stable. Therefore, you need to think for her good material... There must be reliable railings. It is better to make the opening as wide as possible. It will need to be insulated. Also, the ladder must be stable in terms of load, so that you can lift things and heavy objects along it.

It depends on the material what dimensions and characteristics the staircase will be.

Most available material, this is a tree. Not necessary special skills to make a staircase like this. So that the tree does not rot over time, you just need to process it special means and it will be durable. These products will help the material to become resistant to fire and weather. What about metal? It is the most popular material for outdoor attic stairs. It is very reliable and durable, withstands heavy loads, and does not deform. But you need skills to make such a structure. Therefore, let's take a look at how to make a wooden staircase.

We create a drawing in which we indicate everything necessary calculations... We buy materials for construction. Choose a tree so that it is not wet or dry. Also, there should be no cracks or deformations on it. To make steps, we will need boards, and we will also need a bar for kosour. We apply markings to the timber. We cut out the teeth, and put the steps.

The assembly is easy. We fix our steps.

Glass spiral staircase

design and dimensions of the stairs to the attic in a private house-photo, attic houses outside and inside: an external staircase to the attic-entrance from the street, interiors of designer attic rooms-photo gallery


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The attic is a room in which you can not only store things, but also live. To get to the attic floor, you must have a staircase. Many people use ladders. But, if the room is used as an additional room for living, then you should think about a reliable and safe staircase. It can be made of wood or metal. Mansard staircase designs are different.

Any home owner tries to use the entire living space correctly. Many people think about saving space, especially if the house itself is small. A mansard staircase should be not only comfortable, but also safe.

There are houses with a sauna on the ground floor and a residential floor on the second. The attic staircase, in this case, can lead directly to the bathhouse, that is, down, and then back to the residential attic floor. It is convenient and practical.

The staircase should not create a lot of shadow. When designing stairs, the safety of the structure must be taken into account.

The sloping staircase will take a large number of area, but it is the most convenient for operation. A steep staircase is less comfortable than other types of structures. It is difficult to climb it.

Types of mansard stairs:

  • Marching;
  • Screw.

Marching stairs are the most comfortable and safest. Their design is simple and practical. It is possible to independently design and build such a staircase leading to the attic floor. For their construction, stringers, two supporting bowstrings, bolts are used. To save space, stairs with two flights are used. Between them are staircase or winders... These types of stairs are used if there is not much free space in the house. Single-march designs take up more space than two-march designs. But, under them, you can build a utility room or closet to use the remaining space.

Spiral staircases are rarely used as attic staircases. They are difficult to design and build on your own. A compact spiral staircase can be purchased at specialized store or custom-made. The ladder will be ready, the owner only needs to assemble it using the instructions.

Wooden stairs to the attic in a private house: types of spans

You can increase the living space by using the attic floor. This room can be used as a guest room, bedroom, playroom. When arranging the attic floor, it is necessary to pay special attention to how the ascent to it will be made. Wood is ideal for making stairs. It is possible to independently make a staircase to the attic using the minimum amount of equipment, tools and materials.

Solid and durable types of wood are suitable for the manufacture of stairs: pine, oak, yew, larch, ash.

It is important to correctly determine the site for the staircase structure in order to conveniently organize the living space.

Types of wooden flights of stairs:

  • Straight;
  • Single-march (with 1-2 turns at 90 degrees);
  • Two-march (with a turn of 90 and 180 degrees);
  • Screw (with support column);
  • Circular (shaft in the middle).

Straight stairs without turns are installed at a certain angle. The steps are 30 centimeters wide and the steps are at least 27 centimeters deep.

Curved stairs take up significantly more space than straight ones. You can make the required height or width of the steps. The passage width can be 50-100 centimeters. If there is no run-in area, run-in steps are installed. They are usually trapezoidal.

Convenient staircase to the attic with your own hands: stages of work

To make a staircase yourself, you need to determine its position and type of construction. Based on the area of ​​the house, choose the position of the stairs. If the house has a small amount of free space, it is worth choosing simple constructions stairs. It can be a straight line without turns, or a staircase with two flights. Such options are optimal, convenient and practical, since they take up a small amount of space. If the area of ​​the house allows, then you can build a staircase with turns or spiral.

Screw structures are the most complex, so you need enough knowledge and practice to make such a ladder with your own hands.

Stages of work:

  • Determine locations for the future stairs;
  • Create a sketch;
  • Make calculations and draw up drawings;
  • Prepare necessary materials and tools;
  • Make ladder elements;
  • Install the stairs.

To make a staircase, you need to make calculations and make a drawing. First you need to determine the height of the rise, the width of the stairs, its steepness and the size of the hatch.

It is necessary to accurately determine the width of the tread. This parameter affects the entire structure of the staircase.

The staircase leading to the attic should be not only beautiful, but also safe. Be sure to use handrails and guards. These elements provide safety and comfort during the operation of the ladder.

How to make a staircase to the attic: we make the necessary calculations

The compact attic staircase can be used in a private wooden house built in the country. A comfortable staircase leads to the attic. It can be not only wooden, but also metal. For example, a metal folding ladder from the manufacturer "Farko" is not only compact, but also safe.

In order to make an attic staircase, you need to calculate its dimensions. If a spiral staircase is being built, you need to take care of its compactness.

Main dimensions:

  • The step width must be at least 300 mm;
  • Riser height from 150 mm;
  • March width 800-1000 mm;
  • The slope of the ladder should be between 20 and 45 degrees.

Based on these standards, you can correctly calculate the dimensions for the staircase being built.

It is worth considering the size of the opening that is in the attic. The width of the staircase itself depends on the size of the openings. If the opening is not provided for during construction, then it is worth making it the right size or erecting an external staircase leading to the attic.

Wooden outdoor staircase to the attic: pros and cons

The location of the stairs plays a big role. It can be located in the living room and lead to the attic floor. Or lead from the first floor to the attic.

If there is little space in the house, an outdoor staircase can be used to get to the attic.

Positive features of an outdoor staircase:

  • Saving space inside the house;
  • Possibility to enter the upper floor from the street.

Outdoor stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, stone. The optimal material is wood. It is resistant to the external environment if its surface has been treated and varnished. But, there is a small drawback: in winter you will often have to clean such a staircase. In the country they often use wooden attic stairs... Usually, the room is used not for living, but for storing things. This ladder can be used as needed. If its design is attached, it can be stored indoors. This type of ladder is used to access the attic, but is not the safest.

An external staircase is convenient if a person who comes home late lives on the attic floor, he will not disturb the others with his arrival.

If you live in a five-story cottage, then the outdoor staircase will be your salvation. Several neighbors can live in one house. In order not to go up every time inside the house and not interfere with neighbors, you can attach your own staircase.

This ladder is susceptible to precipitation that can accumulate on it. This problem can be solved by constructing a protective canopy.

Sliding staircase to the attic floor in a multi-storey building

Some high-rise buildings have attics that residents can use. You can make an exit to the attic from own apartment... Initially, you need to determine the location of the stairs. If the layout of the apartment does not allow for a permanent staircase, then a sliding staircase can be used. It can be used as needed. The device of such stairs allows you to save space in the apartment. The manufacturer "Fakro" offers a large selection of sliding ladders with a hatch.

Before you buy sliding ladder, necessary:

  • Make a calculation;
  • View finished samples on the manufacturer's (store) website;
  • Choose the design of the future structure;
  • Order the product in the required sizes.

Sliding stairs save not only space, but also do not disturb the interior of the apartment. Ladders of this design are compact, safe and durable.

Due to this design of the staircase, it is possible to easily and without leaving your own apartment to get from the fifth floor to the attic. On it you can store things and furniture that are not currently used, or equip a separate room.

Compact attic staircase: attic structures

Many people use folding loft ladders to save space in their home or cottage. Ladders from the manufacturer "Fakro" have a reliable design. They are made using a specific design, quality wood and metal. Their design is easy to use.

Models with a hatch have a door that closes tightly and is insulated. The door closes securely, so cold air will not flow from the attic to the house.

How to make a ladder to the attic with your own hands (video)

The mansard staircase must be safe and comfortable. Then you should pay attention to its design. First of all, you need to calculate the correct dimensions and determine its location in the house. The comfort of people who will use the attic floor depends on the position of the stairs. Therefore, the convenience of the residents of the house depends on what the staircase will be in terms of design, and where it will be installed.

An attic floor in a small house increases the usable area, but a comfortable staircase is needed to use it as a living space. It can be arranged outside, which somewhat reduces the functionality of the second floor. An internal passage upstairs transforms it into a full-fledged living space. The market offers beautiful, reliable designs, but it is difficult to choose exactly the size. Not everyone can afford to make it to order. A do-it-yourself mansard staircase is ideal. You can choose the most suitable type, material, calculate the optimal size.

Choosing a product type - what needs to be considered?

Having conceived to arrange a permanent staircase from the room to the attic, determine its location. If there is someone's bedroom on the second floor and you need a separate passage, then it's a good idea to place it outside. At the same time, the likelihood of intruders entering the house increases.

Most people prefer to arrange stairs indoors. The limited area brings to the fore the requirement of compact design. If you correctly calculate the location and all sizes, then it will not take up much space, but will be a convenient, beautiful and reliable element of the interior. Best material for the attic staircase - wood.

How to choose a shape and type?

All fixed ladders are divided into groups. The first includes marching, consisting of one section, as well as two or more. A straight line with a single span takes up too much space, so it is preferable to arrange platforms or turns - run-down steps.

The spiral (spiral) type stairs are twisted around a central pillar or rest on the wall with one edge. They are arranged when there is a severe lack of free space. It is not very convenient to use, especially for the elderly, and even dangerous for small children. It is problematic to lift furniture and equipment on them. Manufacturing is laborious and requires careful calculations.


Another factor that is taken into account is the wireframe. The most popular load-bearing element is stringers. They are beams with cut openings for the steps that rest on them. Another method of fastening is a bowstring, in which recesses are made, where support pads are inserted.

It should be borne in mind that the structure on the stringers takes up less space, it is more durable. All the load falls on the supports. Bowstrings play an auxiliary role, holding together the steps.

Between the two load-bearing elements from above and below, a tie is made of threaded rods so that the structure does not loosen.

Optimal location

The experience of professionals suggests the best places for constructing stairs to the attic:

  • choose the part of the house that is used less than others;
  • the site is more economical in terms of space and manufacture than winders;
  • a metal staircase is installed 1.5 years after the construction of the house, when it shrinks completely;
  • make sure that a hole can be made in the ceiling for access to the attic floor.

The angle of inclination plays an important role: less space is taken up by a structure with a large inclination. On the other hand, too steep an ascent is inconvenient - it is difficult for sick and old people to use it. The optimal value is from 27 to 40 degrees.

At any steepness, the distance from the step to the overlap is at least 2 meters so that the person does not touch the ceiling with his head.

Calculation of product parameters - span and steps width, height, length

After determining the angle of inclination, choose the width of the flight of stairs. The most comfortable is 125 cm, but in a house with a limited area and a small number of residents, they are useless. For one person, 90 cm is enough, and if there are rarely tenants in the house, then even 70 cm.

Determination of the dimensions of the flight staircase

The parameters of the steps require special attention. They usually consist of two parts: a tread for support of the leg and a riser, on which the height depends. In some variants it is absent.

There are formulas by which you can calculate the sizes, determine which are the most convenient and safe. As a result, you will still get something like this: height 17 cm, width 27-28. It is not always possible to adhere to optimal values. They are changed in one direction or the other, but one should not go beyond: the height of the steps is from 15 to 22 cm, the width is at least 22 cm, maximum 40. For ease of use, an odd number is chosen.


At the next stage, they find out the height of the stairs: measure the distance from the base to the floor of the attic. The number of steps is calculated from this value. We divide the total height by the number of steps. For example, with a staircase height of 2.9 m and steps of 17 cm, 17 sites will be needed.

The length is calculated by multiplying the number of steps (minus one) by their width. In the example: 16 × 27 = 432. These are quite large dimensions. If you reduce the steps to a minimum value of 22 cm, then 16 × 22 = 352. But this is not the only way to change the parameters of the stairs.

Products with turns - platforms and winders

The straight one-flight design requires a fairly large amount of space. With its lack, products with turns are built in a small house. A platform is arranged between the two spans. Its length is from 100 cm, and its width is equal to the stairs.


When turning with the help of winder steps, they are satisfied with at least three. Requirements for them:

  • wide edge from 40 cm, in the middle part at least 20;
  • the turn is carried out with a radius of 30 cm;
  • for a comfortable ride, the winder steps gradually repeat the span line.

The minimum width of the tread from the narrow edge is chosen to be 14 cm. Then the dimensions of the middle part, along which they mainly move, will be sufficient for a person's leg.

Spiral Design - Computational Features

The spiral staircase consists of steps arranged in a circle with different widths of the edges. It occupies a much smaller area, and this is its advantage. There is a support stand in the center, and treads around the circumference. Their length is equal to the radius of the entire structure. In terms of height, the steps are calculated in the same way as a marching staircase.

When arranging a spiral staircase, important factors are taken into account:

  • the length of the tread and the width of the span are equal to the distance from the rack to their border;
  • the steps are trapezoidal with a minimum width of 20 cm on the narrow side and the largest 40 cm on the opposite side;
  • for convenient ascent and descent, the tread height is made as small as possible;
  • vertical turns are arranged at a height equal to two diameters.

"Goose Step" - the most compact staircase

It got its name thanks to the original form of the treads. Installed in a small house when it is necessary to significantly save space, tilt from 45 ° to 65 °. Only half of the step is wide, the second is of the minimum size. First, the angle is determined, then the rest of the calculations are carried out, taking into account the following:

  • for leg support, the width of the step is 30 cm, as small as possible;
  • the dimensions of the narrow side depend on the strength of the selected material;
  • the height of the tread is 15 cm, it is not worth increasing much - it is unsafe for people.

Structurally, the staircase to the attic "goose step" is performed in the form of a march or spiral.

Foundations - Manufacturing Process

The support for the spans is the stringers. This is the simplest and robust design... But its manufacture should be approached responsibly: the slightest error, and the steps will be curves. A board 80 × 160 is sawn off to length with a margin.

The most subtle operation is to process the ends at the desired angle so that they fit snugly against the floor and floor joists. The workpiece is loosely fixed in the place of the future location of the kosour and the upper part is sawed off so that it stands on the side of the ceiling. Then the same operation is done with the lower end.

It should be borne in mind that the first time it will hardly be possible to accurately cut and will have to be repeated. It is important not to cut off the excess.

Divide the stringer in length into three parts, not necessarily absolutely equal. Along the marks (there are two of them), using a level, horizontal lines are drawn. Now each segment is divided into equal parts, the number of which corresponds to the number of steps. Draw along the horizontal marks.


A line is drawn along the entire board, departing from the edge of 50 mm or more. At its intersection with the horizontal markings, angles are formed from which vertical lines are drawn. Remove the temporarily fixed board, check the distances, if necessary, make changes. Lay the finished kosour on the second board and cut out an exact copy.

The bowstring is marked in the same way. Only instead of cutting out pieces of the beam, you need to make grooves for steps in it. Better to work with a portable router. Application hand tool requires hard work and a lot of time. To maintain accuracy, a prefabricated plywood template is used.

To support the spiral staircase, a thick-walled metal pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. It is attached to the floor in a strictly vertical position. For the installation of steps, bushings are made, which are freely found on the riser, and washers are installed between them. The total height of each individual node is equal to the distance between the treads.

Assembly of products of various types

Despite the difference in design, stairs with stringers or bowstrings are almost the same, except for the initial stage - the manufacture of the bearing parts themselves.

One board is bolted to the wall, fixed at the top and bottom. Along the width of the march, a second is installed in parallel and checked for horizontalness of the place of attachment of the steps. They must match in both products. Deviations are corrected by moving the loose structure up and down.

The installation of the stairs begins with the fastening of the risers. For manufacturing, a dry board with a thickness of 20 mm is taken. It is much easier to install along the stringers than in the grooves of the bowstring. In any case, wood glue and self-tapping screws are used. There are products without step support, which gives them a lighter, more elegant look.

For support sites, a board with a minimum thickness of 36 mm is used, the width of which is equal to or greater than the steps. They can protrude a little. The workpieces are ground, the edges are rounded. Fastened with glue and self-tapping screws.

Railing components are balusters and handrails. Balusters are made from a square rail or buy made on lathe... Above and below, stronger elements are installed, intermediate between them at each stage. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or on thorns. A railing is placed on top. The acceptable height of the fence is 85 cm.


The design of a mid-flight staircase with turns is more complicated, respectively, and installation too. The following scheme is recommended: 3 steps to the platform, then the rest. If winders are used: first two straight, then three turning. Additional supports are installed under the rotary elements.

The assembly of the spiral staircase is shown in the figure. Node A - connection of the support pipe and the fence in the attic. There is a bolt on the post, onto which the handrail is put on through the slot. Everything is covered with a decorative cover. B - threaded connection supports and bushings inserted into the step. B - washers and sleeves. D - fastening the support to the base.

Everyone can choose the most suitable design according to their capabilities. Difficulties are presented only by the stage of calculations. If you execute them accurately, correctly install the bearing supports, then a reliable staircase will come out.

It is good if you think over the layout of the house in advance, which will include the presence of an attic floor - a rather profitable and practical element that helps to effectively manage the internal space. However, the owner of the house does not always have such an opportunity; most often, an already rebuilt building with an attic, which has to be altered into an attic, is at his disposal.

And the first thing you should take care of is the staircase to the attic, the dimensions of which can be calculated according to these instructions.

Note! If you undertake the manufacture of a ladder with your own hands, its design must meet the basic requirements.

These requirements include:

  • high level of strength;
  • ease of use;
  • ease of manufacture;
  • safety when climbing to the attic floor;
  • comfort of use.

Planning and performing calculations

The planning stage for the future design consists of several points, each of which should be carefully calculated.

The planning stage includes:

  • choice of installation type;
  • selection of materials;
  • selection of the type of staircase.

Note! All calculations should be entrusted to an experienced designer.

But if you still take all the work on yourself, the answer to the question of how to calculate the size of the stairs to the attic will consist of answers to whole line issues related to its design and installation in your existing conditions.

First, determine for yourself how the stairs to the attic floor will be located. The most in a simple way to solve this problem will be the installation of a staircase from the street side.

The simplicity of this method lies in the fact that you will not at all care about the size of the opening under the stairs to the attic, since there is no need for it completely. In addition, you do not have to adjust the presence of the hatch to the interior of the room.

Although this approach has its drawbacks:

  • internal placement of the stairs is more practical;
  • the structure is exposed negative impact weather conditions;
  • restrictions are imposed on the use of some materials that are not suitable for outdoor use;
  • when operating a wet or icy staircase, not only the level of comfort decreases, but also the safety of climbing to the attic;
  • you have to go outside in order to go up to the attic floor;
  • outdoor staircase implies additional front door, which must be reliable to ensure the safety of your home from intruders.

Selection of material and type of construction

After you decide on the place of installation of the structure, you need to start selecting suitable materials. If the stairs to the attic, the size, diagram and photo of which are given in the figures, correspond to the parameters of your room, then you can safely take up wood. It is preferable if you choose exactly hard woods.

Wood, as a material for the manufacture of stairs, is quite easy to handle and malleable, it lends itself perfectly to processing using ordinary tools that can be found in almost every home. The result is an attractive design that fits perfectly into the interior of the room.

Note! Before use, all lumber must go through a curing procedure: for at least three days, the wood must lie in the room in which you will install the ladder itself, so that the material can adapt to the conditions of the room. It is best to apply wood after kiln drying.

Saving space plays an important role in choosing the right design. In addition to complying with all basic safety standards, as a result of the appearance of stairs in your house, the area of ​​the room should not be much hidden or shaded. The safest design option for lifting takes up the most space, these designs have a gentle angle of inclination.

You can make a staircase, as shown in the photo below, which shows a pivot structure with an angle placement. As you can see, it takes up minimal space in the room and does not shade it from light at all.

Spiral staircases also help to save space in the room. They look quite impressive, but at the same time they have a structure that is too intricate to manufacture, and the descent along such steps is not as comfortable as in the case of ordinary marching stairs.

The parameters defining the stairs:

  1. Lift height level - the distance between the floor and the ceiling together with the thickness of the sill of the upper slab.

  1. Area - the angle of inclination of the stairs, as well as the width of its structure and the parameters of the dimensions of the hatch, which will go to the attic floor, will depend on this indicator.

  1. The tread width indicator is calculated so that the leg, when a person climbs the stairs, can fully lean on the step, and at the same time there are no extra unused centimeters left. The optimal tread width indicator is three tens of centimeters, the march width indicator is from 80 to 100 cm, and the riser height indicator should not go beyond the 15-19 cm range.

It is these parameters that are used when calculating the ladder and its further manufacture. The assembly is quite simple, the main thing is to complete all the parts and reliably connect them in the required sequence.

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