Life outside the city has many virtues. Silence, lack of neighbors behind the wall, fresh air- which of the inhabitants of megalopolises does not dream about it? But in order for a country house to be comfortable, it is necessary to have basic utilities in the house. And if in most villages it is possible to connect houses to the power grid, then centralized sewerage systems, most often, are absent. Therefore, summer residents have to build a local sewage system and, therefore, decide how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence.

What should be the local sewage system on summer cottage? Of course, reliable, efficient, not requiring constant monitoring, and at the same time inexpensive. But before deciding which septic tank to buy for a summer cottage, you need to assess the operating conditions of the installation, since a septic tank model that is ideal for one summer cottage may not be suitable for another at all.

After all, some country houses are used as permanent housing, therefore, they must be equipped with productive installations. And in the event that the dacha is a place that is used for periodic rest on weekends and holidays, you can choose simpler and cheaper options for arranging the sewage system.

Determining the performance and volume

Before choosing a treatment plant for a summer residence, you need to decide on the water consumption in the house, since the most important characteristic depends on this - the performance of the installation and its volume. How to determine the water consumption in the house? This indicator depends on two factors:

• The number of people using water (the number of households and guests, if they regularly visit the house);
• Equipping the house with plumbing fixtures. If the house has a standard (as in an ordinary city apartment) set of plumbing, then according to the accepted norms, the daily consumption of liquid per person is 200 liters. In the event that the house, for example, does not have a bath, but only a shower is installed, then the water consumption will be less, and when the cottage is equipped with a pool connected to common system sewerage, then, on the contrary, the number will increase.

So, in order to calculate the performance of a septic tank, you need to determine the daily water consumption. For example, if 4 people will live in the house, then the consumption and, therefore, the daily productivity should be equal to 800 liters.

But the volume of the septic tank chambers should be such that it accommodates the volume of wastewater that accumulates over three days. That is, in our example, a family of four needs a volume of 2.5 cubic meters (3 * 800 = 2400 liters, round up, we get 2500 liters or 2.5 cubic meters).

Advice! When choosing the performance of a septic tank, you need to take into account not only the number of permanent residents, but also the number of guests who visit the house on a regular basis. And since a septic tank is purchased for more than a dozen years, it is worth considering the possibility of increasing the size of the family.

Determining the type of treatment plant

Having chosen the optimal volume, you need to decide which type of septic tank will be best for the given conditions. Comparing septic tanks for summer cottages, there are three main types that differ in their principle of operation.

Accumulative type

When planning to choose a simple septic tank for a summer residence, you should opt for a drive. This is an ordinary sealed tank that accumulates the sewage coming through the pipeline from the house. As the effluent accumulates, they will need to be pumped out using sewage equipment. The advantages of this option:

• Low cost of installation;
• Simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety.

Disadvantages:

• The need for regular cleaning. And what more quantity drains, the more often you have to clean the septic tank;
• Unpleasant odor spreading over the area when pumping down.

This option of a septic tank is perfect for summer cottages that are not used for permanent residence, that is, with a small volume of drains. In this case, with a large volume of the septic tank, it will have to be cleaned 1-3 times over the summer, that is, the maintenance costs will not be too high.

Anaerobic with aeration fields

When choosing the best septic tank for a summer residence, most owners stop at this option. Such septic tanks not only collect drains, but also purify them, so they will have to be cleaned much less often than drives. Even with permanent residence in the house, cleaning will need to be done about once a year.

And at the same time, septic tanks of the anaerobic type are relatively inexpensive, despite the fact that they are able to provide a high degree of wastewater treatment. Pros of this option:

• Reliability and simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety;
• Relatively low cost;
• Complete autonomy, septic tanks do not require a power connection.

Advice! Anaerobic septic tanks can be purchased as a ready-made installation or you can build chambers yourself. The last option is certainly cheaper, but its implementation will require a lot of time and labor.

The disadvantages of anaerobic septic tanks include the need to build aeration fields. The aeration fields must be changed approximately once every 10 years, since the filter layers become silted up and cease to perform their functions, and this is an additional cost of labor and funds.

In addition, it is extremely difficult to equip filtration fields if the soil on the site is clayey and does not allow water to pass through well. Or the soil water is located very high, which does not allow additional moisture to be absorbed into the soil.

Normally working anaerobic septic tanks do not spread an unpleasant odor throughout the area. The appearance of an odor is a signal of a system malfunction. This is possible when the filtration fields become clogged, when the number of bacteria is reduced.

Advice! Ready-made septic tanks are often sold complete with devices for additional soil treatment equipment - infiltrators. The installation of such devices is not too laborious, which generally reduces the labor costs for the equipment of the sewerage system.

To remedy the situation, the following measures are applied:

• Cleaning of chambers using sewage equipment;
• The use of special biological additives that will restore the number of bacterial colonies;
• Replacing filtering fields.

Aerobic type

When reviewing septic tanks for summer cottages, one cannot fail to mention modern installations - septic tanks with aerobic wastewater treatment. These are compact stations that use biological processing Wastewater with the help of aerobic, that is, existing in an oxygenated environment, bacteria.

Such purification allows you to quickly and effectively remove impurities, as a result, the outlet water is 98-100% purified, that is, these installations do not need to build filtration fields. Pros of this option:

• The units are compact, odorless and noise-free;
• High degree of wastewater treatment, allowing water to be discharged from the septic tank without additional post-treatment;
• The stations can be installed under any geological conditions on the site;
• There is no need to call the sewers to clean the stations. You can remove the sludge accumulating in the sludge receiver yourself.

The disadvantages of using biological treatment plants include:

• Volatility. The stations are equipped with compressors, aerators and other devices that require connection to power grids;
• High price. Biological treatment plants are quite expensive, so they are rarely installed in summer cottages.

However, if you plan to build big house for permanent residence, then with a large volume of effluents, the choice of a biological treatment plant will be justified.

Deciding on the material of the case

When purchasing a complete wastewater treatment plant, the consumer has little choice. Most of the models have a plastic case, since modern polymer materials have excellent technical and operational characteristics. Pros of plastic septic tanks:

• Reliability and long service life. Despite constant contact with sewage, the plastic is not destroyed. Therefore, the polymer body of a septic tank can last 50 or more years without requiring replacement;
• Elasticity. The walls of the septic tank body are quite elastic, so they can easily withstand the loads created by the soil;
• Low weight. This circumstance considerably facilitates the installation and, in some cases, makes it possible to do without the use of lifting equipment.

However, the small weight of the septic tank is at the same time its disadvantage, since under the action of soil water filling the pit, the light body of the septic tank can simply float to the surface, destroying the entire sewage system.

To prevent the occurrence of such an emergency, plastic septic tanks are installed on a slab made of reinforced concrete and fixed to it using belts made of synthetic materials. When planning to build a septic tank on their own, summer residents usually use:

• Reinforced concrete well rings;
• Plastic Eurocubes;
• Plastic drums and other suitable materials.

When building a local sewage system, almost every homeowner is concerned with the question of how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence - which one is better to buy from the proposed installations? Or is it better to build the cameras yourself? It is almost impossible to give an unambiguous answer suitable for each and every one. Since the choice of installation should be made taking into account local operating conditions: water consumption, frequency of use of the house, geological conditions at the site.

These data confirm the need to define personal criteria when looking for the best septic tank for a summer residence. In addition to the information noted above, you should pay attention to the following data:

• The actual volume of effluents (normal / maximum).
• The possibility of careful maintenance, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
• Intended installation method (independent / with the help of specialists).
• Level groundwater.
• The thickness of the earth layer above the hull and the corresponding loads.
• Ease of travel of equipment for the extraction of accumulated wastewater.

Important! The best septic tank performs its functions without unnecessary difficulties and high operating costs. For an accurate assessment, all significant factors are analyzed in combination.

Regardless of the specific form (drawing with dimensions, or a set of documentation in accordance with GOST), the materials should contain information not only about the septic tank. They indicate the number and parameters of straight pipes and other fittings, hoses and hatches for. Electric drives are equipped with overheating and surge protection devices. Submersibles are supplemented with convenient lifting devices for inspection and repair.

After a thorough study of all the nuances of the project, they make the necessary adjustments to the requirements for the equipment. Make up an accurate list of the main components of the system and add-ons, building materials, tools. This work will help to clarify the amount of future financial and labor costs.

Related article:

The article explains how to do it. The description of the requirements for the construction is supplemented with reviews of effective technologies and ready-made models with characteristics and prices. This information will help to implement the project quickly, with reasonable cost.

The current rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

To determine which better septic tank for a summer residence, the current rating is supplemented with consumer reviews. Data on warranty obligations, operating instructions will come in handy.

Topas

A significant advantage of this brand is the specialized production of various treatment facilities:

Model	Productivity, (cubic meters per day) / Permissible volume of one-time discharge (cubic meters)		price, rub.	Notes (edit)
Topas-C4	0,8/125	95 x 97 x 2.5 / 215	78500-86500	Compact system with one compressor.
Topas 4 OL	0,8/175	88 x 97 x 260/225	95200-108900	Equipped with two compressors for active aeration of the compartment with aerobic microorganisms.
Topas 8 Long OL	3/1025	230 х120 х310 / 715	251000-268800	Installation for large needs (up to 15 users). Such equipment is suitable for equipping large real estate objects.
Topol-Eco TOPAS-S 8 Ave	1,3/-	—	110900-115300	Equipment for deep cleaning with five working chambers. Non-volatile execution.

For your information! On the official website, you can buy a Topas septic tank inexpensively from the manufacturer. The price in the price list is not increased by the profit of intermediaries, so you can count on quite acceptable offers.

On a separate request, the company creates a complex type of treatment facilities, specialized sets:

• The Toplos line includes modifications:
  • "Aqua" - for cleaning liquids from open reservoirs;
  • "KM" - container-type plant;
  • "FL" - equipment for the detention of organic matter.
• Cleaning from fatty impurities will be performed by "Toppolium".
• The Toprain kit is intended for equipping petrol stations and car workshops.

With the help of the listed products and other products of this company, you can solve specific problems with reasonable costs. When sold, the price with turnkey installation includes delivery and installation. This data will help to clarify the volume of real investments.

Tank

Treatment facilities under this trade mark are produced by Triton Plastic. Currently, this company offers the following assortment of Tank country septic tanks. The price in the table is as of August 2017:

Model of the "Tank" series	Productivity, (cubic meters per day)	Length x Width x Height (cm) / Weight (kg)	Price for one / three items, rub.
1	0,6	120 x 100 x 170/85	22700/17000
2	0,8	180 x 120 x 170/130	32800/27500
2,5	1	203 x 120 x 185/140	37900/32500
3	1,2	220 x 120 x 200/150	44700/39500
4	1,8	360 x 100 x 170/228	59000/54000

For your information! If you choose a septic tank, the owner's reviews should be studied with a duration of operating experience for at least several seasons. This will make it possible to obtain objective information, to take into account regular additional costs in economic calculations.

The manufacturer cites the following advantages of products in this series:

• Their design is well tested in practice, taking into account the opinions of real users.
• This equipment performs its function without consuming electricity and without the associated operating costs.
• It can be installed in any soil.
• Installation is allowed without concreting the base and rigid attachment to it using anchoring.
• Good tightness is useful when the water table is high.

Important! In the official instructions, the company notes the need to remove bottom sediments during seasonal living (in the fall, before preparing the summer cottage for winter). If the property is used constantly, such a procedure is needed no more than 1 time in 5 years or less. For the decomposition of sediments, special sets of microorganisms are used.

The prices indicated for the septic tank Tank are intended for the capital and the Moscow region. Discounts are provided not only for the number of items purchased. They are valid when ordering professional installation (+12400 rubles).

Triton

The same manufacturer produces other polymer products. The following series are presented on the domestic market under the Triton brand:

• "N" - storage tanks for waste with a volume of 1000 to 27000 liters, costing 24800-426000 rubles.
• "T" - septic tanks of traditional design from three separate chambers.
• "P" - tanks for fire protection systems.
• "K" - caissons
• "PM" - devices for retaining fats for installation under.

Model of the "Triton-T" series	Tank volume, liters	Diameter x length of the tank, cm	Approximate number of users
1	1000	120 x 117	2
1,5	1500	120 x 162	3
2,5	2500	120 x 252	5
5	5000	120 x 472	10
10	10000	150 x 600	20
12	12000	200 x 405	—
30	30000	200 x 980	—

Such a kit is suitable for installation in the country. The wall thickness of these products is from 10 to 15 mm, which provides good resistance to mechanical stress. Technical data are shown in the table:

Name	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height in cm	Weight, kg
Septic tank	750	125 x 820 x 170	85
Infiltration device	400	180 x 800 x 400	20

Such a set is not difficult to transport and install on your own. The manufacturer includes a neck and caps as standard. The infiltrator is optional. Instead, you can apply a filtering field.

Termite

Septic tanks under this brand are created by Multiplast. This company manufactures polymer products using vacuum and rotary forming technologies. Having our own design departments allows us to respond in a timely manner to market requirements. The production equipped with modern equipment ensures cost minimization and excellent quality. It is permissible to manufacture one-piece containers with a volume of up to 10 thousand liters.

The manufacturer emphasizes that only primary raw materials, high-quality polymers are used for the manufacture of cases. One-piece molding and radial end ridges help maintain structural integrity even under heavy loads. The technical characteristics of the products are checked by a series of special hydrodynamic tests.

Model series "Termite"	Productivity, cubic meters per day	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height, cm	Weight, kg	Notes (edit)
Accumulator 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	Storage capacity.
Pro 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	The most compact septic tank with additional soil cleaning. Wall thickness - up to 20 mm.
Transformer 1.5 S	0,6	1500	200 x 80 x 200	110	This equipment can be converted into a forced air cleaning station. Proprietary aeration kit available
Pro 2.5	1	2500	200 x 115.5 200.5	135	Suitable for a family of 5.
Transformer 2.5 PR	1	2500	205 x 105 x 211	155	Such a septic tank can be used.

For your information! When buying a septic tank Termit on a turnkey basis, the price includes assembly work... But you need to make sure that these services are available for a specific region. Otherwise, you will have to organize the installation of equipment on their own.

Unilos

In the current product line, there are two series of septic tanks in a classic design:

These are complete cleaning stations that differ in the following characteristics:

• The walls of expanded polymer (polypropylene) create an insulation layer that prevents the harmful effects of changes in external temperature.
• For forced air supply, membrane technology is used here, which helps to extend the service life of the aerator to 10 years or more.
• Removal of excess silt (it is used as fertilizer) is carried out using a regular airlift.

You can purchase a suitable station, taking into account the required distance from. When designing a route, the following restrictions apply:

Modification	Outlet depth in cm for different systems drains		Maximum inlet depth, cm
	Gravity	Forced
"Standard"	45	15	60
"Midi"	60	30	90
Long	—	—	120

The price of the septic tank Unilos Astra 5 (76-83 thousand rubles) cannot be called overstated given the good consumer characteristics. This equipment provides full satisfaction of all drainage needs for a family of 4-5 people. It retains functionality during salvo discharge up to 250 liters. Electricity consumption does not exceed 60 W per hour.

Aqua-Bio

These treatment facilities are capable of processing from 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters. drains in 24 hours (5-10 users). The case thickness increased to 25 mm allows it to withstand heavy loads without damage. The manufacturer positions its products as intended for loamy and sandy soils, areas with low groundwater levels. It offers necks of different heights in 100 mm increments, so choosing the best option is not difficult.

For your information! Several years ago, the manufacturer made a rebranding. Now the products of this series are called "BARS-Bio".

Poplar

Modification	Inlet pipe depth, cm	Width x Depth x Height, cm	Processing volume per day, cubic meters	Permissible salvo discharge, l
3	80	112 x 106 x 212.5	0,65	180
5	80	103 x 100 x 248.5	1	250
10	80	192.8 x 112 x 248.5	2	790
50	80	300 x 216 x 300	8,9	1900
150 LONG	140	400 x 482 x 300	24	4600

Drawing of the installation "Tver 1P"

Ecopan

The production association is the oldest specialized domestic enterprise. The application of the accumulated experience in practice is manifested in good consumer characteristics and reasonable prices. All products of this type are provided with official certificates, a five-year warranty.

Septic tank Ecopan

Leader

This manufacturer creates tanks for local cleaning systems from low pressure polyethylene. To strengthen the structure, a special arrangement of power elements was used. Relatively low weight simplifies assembly operations. The four stages provide a good level of cleaning. To remove sediments, the equipment is equipped with an airlift.

Model range parameters	Units	Limit values
Number of users	human	2-15
	liters

Schematic diagram cleaning station

For your information! The prices of Leader septic tanks, like those of similar products from other manufacturers, should be considered taking into account a specific configuration. In this case, we are talking about modern, well-equipped equipment.

Comparison of different models

The prices below for septic tanks for summer cottages will change over time. However, these data are suitable for objective comparative analysis.

Model range parameters	Units	Limit values
Maximum one-time discharge	liters	400-3000
The amount of wastewater to be treated in 24 hours	cubic meters

Manufacturer / Model	Productivity, m3 / day	Dimensions, cm	Weight, kg	Price
Triton Plastic / Triton-T 2.5	—	120 x 252	—	48000
Multiplast / Termite Transformer 2.5 S	1	205 x 105 x 211	145	45000
Unilos / Astra 5	1	103 x 100 x 199.5	250	71600
Granite-M / Poplar	1	103 x 100 x 248.5	—	83300
TD "Engineering Equipment" / Tver - 1 PN	1	300 x 110 x 167	180	112300
PA "Pankom" / Ecopan L5	1	255 x 144 x 164	210	97500
LLC "Alexis" / Leader 1	1	270 x 145 x 165	150	105000

For your information! When creating a septic tank for a home with your own hands, you must take into account the aggregate costs of construction and auxiliary work, the purchase of compressors and other manufactured products.

Septic tank - device local sewerage Location on. There are many types of systems and types.

These are simple constructions made by ourselves and sewage treatment plants. This article should help you choose the best septic tank for your private home.

The main purpose is collection, settling and purification of waste effluents. They are used in places where there is no centralized system - in suburban areas, outside the city.

There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:

• by the number of wells;
• by material;
• on constructive solutions.

Based on the number of wells, there are one-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. The material in the manufacture is steel, reinforced concrete, plastic. By design, they are classified as accumulative, with soil additional treatment, with deep filtration.

Cumulative

Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. Waste that enters a hermetically sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid. Organic substances are broken down, and the liquid is settled. To prevent chambers from overflowing, they should be evacuated periodically.

This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in dachas where accommodation takes place only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.

Important: storage systems should be used with a small amount of drains, for example, in summer cottages, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.

In the construction of the structure, concrete rings and plastic containers are used.

With soil post-treatment

In a house with permanent residence people and the presence of a water supply system, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid is not only settled, but also further purified.

This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned by hand every two to three years. To increase this period, special bacteria are used. As a result of their activity, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.

There is only one caveat when using this model - soil type. It cannot be built on a site with clayey soil and a high GWL.

With biological treatment

The decomposition of waste in such an installation takes place in several stages and by different methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and organic matter is bio-processed.

This model is more of a cleaning station equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but neutralizes up to 95% of the waste mass. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with a high GWL. During operation, it does not emit any odors.

The principle of operation of a septic tank is based on connecting to power grids. With an unstable power supply, the station will not be able to work.

Anaerobic and aerobic

Some types of modern sedimentation tanks use bacteria. In the course of their life, they absorb waste and contribute to the natural treatment of wastewater. According to the principle of work, they are:

• aerobic;
• anaerobic.

Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify liquid by 95-98%. At the exit from the aerobic system, it meets the requirements for industrial water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill the reservoir.

An anaerobic septic tank requires constant maintenance. The bioactivator must be replenished every two months to ensure that the wastewater is treated at an adequate level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.

How to choose

In parallel with the construction of the house, a sewerage system is being designed. Previously, they did not really care about this, and all the masses were simply poured into cesspools.

Later, they began to be replaced by septic tanks - containers for collecting sewage from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that affect its location on the site.

We take into account the type of soil

The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clayey rock, others are preferable to install in sandy soil.

In your work, you should adhere to a few simple rules:

• when groundwater is located at a depth of one and a half meters, it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
• it is preferable to mount a container with biological treatment on sandy soil. The liquid is discharged directly into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
• in case of a high level of surface water, the option with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier with the help of improvised means or fixed.

Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in the installation of the sump. At the end of the frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clayey rock is equipped with additional metal clamps during installation.

For tanks used in clayey soils, two filtration fields are arranged. For this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one there are, and in the other - a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.

Seasonality and volume calculation

An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence in the country or in your house. When installing a minimum set of plumbing, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.

Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the storage tank. Thus, a filtration layer is formed that cleans the effluent with a 50% result.

For longer stays, the compact two-chamber version should be purchased. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of effluents. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of the drain mass does not exceed its standard value.

Important: when purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of it technical characteristics... Particular attention should be paid to how many tenants it is designed for.

With permanent residence and sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be factory-made or built independently from reinforced concrete rings.

When it is installed, a one- or two-chamber accumulator and a filtering section are combined. The sedimentation tanks are made sealed, and the filtration septic tank with a drainage bottom of sand and gravel. The liquid from the storage sections is pumped out with a flusher, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sump purifies wastewater by up to 90%.

The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily allowance sewage drains per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.

In case of arrival of guests, the received volume should be increased by two-thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.

The recommended depth of the sedimentation tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, their cubes are determined and the required type is selected. With a volume of wastewater up to 1 cubic meter. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of wastewater is more than 10 cubic meters. - three-chambered, with a drainage field.

A sedimentation tank with a field for filtration unites two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area of ​​at least 30 square meters underground. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.

With a high occurrence of groundwater in the area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four compartments: a sump, an anaerobic chamber where large waste is decomposed, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, and an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.

The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a wide variety of requirements. On sale there are also small options for serving a family of one or two people, and whole treatment complexes for servicing a summer cottage village.

Material for making

Most of the models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Products made of stainless steel and fiberglass are often found.

The main advantage of plastic products is their low weight. Their installation does not require the involvement of special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container can float or be subjected to mechanical action of the soil. To protect the structure, concreting of the pit walls and securing the septic tank with belts are used.

The service life and reliability of the product depend on the choice of the material of the product:

• Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of sedimentation tanks do not undergo destructive corrosion processes. To install them, it is necessary to involve special equipment.
• Metal structures are durable and low cost. But, perhaps, these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
• Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material that is strong, lightweight and resistant to temperature changes.

For your information: fiberglass products are the most practical to use and have a long service life.

For cleaning structures in country houses use factory or home-made sedimentation tanks.

Do-it-yourself options from scrap materials are suitable only for summer cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a home with permanent residence of people, it is better to use a purchased installation, which guarantees a long and safe disposal of waste.

The use of a two-chamber device allows for the primary treatment of wastewater and safely discharges the treated water into the soil.

Service

Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. These works are carried out on their own or with the assistance of specialists.

Simple two-chamber designs, made by hand, are maintained by the owners of the houses themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settler chamber, replacing microorganisms for the decomposition of organic matter, revision of ventilation and overflow pipes.

The filter layer at the bottom of the leaking chamber should be replaced every three years. This should be done, since the bottom is silted up, which leads to a deterioration in its performance.

By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of the local sewerage system for several years.

If your house is serviced by a multi-chamber treatment plant, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, and membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Costs for the device of local sewerage

The cheapest structures are sedimentation tanks or sewers. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will only go to the purchase of a container for drains. The approximate price of septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters is 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.

When installing a local sewage system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, waterproofing, and the purchase of components for.

The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and crushed stone, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, the choice of the method of water purification.

The applied installations for deep biological wastewater treatment have a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined blocks, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.

Popular models and principles of work

• two-chamber septic tank with a drainage field. It allows you to make the drains cleaner and use the services of a sewer less often. The drainage area is up to 30 square meters. area underground. Distance from home - at least 30 m;
• multi-section sump with biofilter. It is used in the case of permanent residence of a family of 3-4 people in a country house and with a high occurrence of groundwater at the site.

The standard model consists of four sections: a sump directly, a chamber for the decomposition of coarse waste with anaerobic, a separator with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank that plays the role of a drainage field.

Designs can be found to suit a wide variety of user requirements. It can also be sewage treatment plants. Rating:

• "Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for summer cottages.

It is produced in models, the volume of which is from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Coarse waste is cleaned twice a year. The service life, subject to the rules, is about 50 years.

When installing, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely fasten the structure.

For small summer cottages with seasonal residence of one or two people use the two-chamber model "Triton-mini".

• "Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.

The principle of operation is based on the step-by-step purification of effluents using sedimentation and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, a high level of purification, and low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.

• "Topas". It is a volatile model, as it operates on electricity.

Wastewater is treated in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction of their degree of mineralization, mechanical removal of components. Allows to clean up drains by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to irrigate the soil.

In order to choose the right option, you should find out the requirements of its work and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of the models offered by different manufacturers.

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Detailed analysis:

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Septic tank for a private house. Septic tank for a private house price.

A septic tank for a private house is a sine qua non comfortable stay, since only such a completely autonomous purification system can effectively remove wastewater where there is no possibility of connecting to the central sewerage system. Having installed a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is quite acceptable, the owners forget about outdoor toilet and buckets of water, like a nightmare. Care and maintenance septic tank for home does not require special efforts, and the cost of installation pays off very quickly.

Septic tank selection calculator

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Discharge of water from a septic tank

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Soil type

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How to choose a septic tank for a private house.

Each septic tank for a private house must effectively perform the most important function - to make wastewater safe for residents of the house and the surrounding area. At the same time, such an installation also helps to significantly save on utility bills.

Before choosing the most suitable and effective septic tank for a private house, you need to consider some factors:

The number of people living in the house.

The volume of wastewater entering the system and the number of sources requiring maintenance (sinks, toilets, showers, bathtubs, washers, dishwashers).

The material from which the septic tank is made for a private house.

Features of the soil on the site and the terrain.

The presence of a nearby reservoir where excess water can be removed.

Septic tank performance.

If you choose a modern, highly efficient septic tank for a private house, then the best option would be a concrete type of a purification station. Such a septic tank is not subject to temperature extremes and is resistant to soil pressure. A concrete septic tank for a private house can be made by hand or by contacting a professional company with experienced specialists. It is a structure of concrete rings, which are interconnected by reinforcement. Such a system is suitable for organizing a storage or slop local sewage system, and will good choice for a home where people live permanently.

An excellent option would be to buy a septic tank for a private house made of plastic. These are ready-made structures in the form of plastic containers, which are excellent for any type of soil, have a long service life and are unpretentious in maintenance. Treatment plants provide a deeper degree of purification than concrete structures, but the price of a septic tank for a private house of this type will be higher.

Today, a fully autonomous septic tank for a private house is the most popular option. It uses forced multi-stage filtration, which ultimately purifies water up to 95-98%. The combined cleaning method (biological and mechanical) provides a guarantee of safety for the environment and the health of people living in the house.

It is best to buy a septic tank for a private house from a company that officially cooperates with the manufacturer and offers a full range of services for the installation of a treatment plant, start-up and service... A professional company gives a guarantee for all work performed and installs equipment in accordance with all the rules of SNiP and sanitary epidemiology.

A detailed video on installing a septic tank for a private house.

Pumping septic tank for a private house.

If you decide to install a pumping septic tank for a private house, then be prepared for the fact that it needs to be cleaned regularly. You can do this yourself or with the help of specialized companies.

1. Manual cleaning is time-consuming and labor-intensive and will require a solution to the waste disposal problem.

2. Mechanical pumping involves the use of special powerful pumps and equipment for waste disposal. A septic tank for a private house also needs a complete cleaning of the pipeline, liquefaction of activated sludge, and disinfection. All these services are not cheap, but they compensate for the time and nerves costs and guarantee a high quality of system cleansing.

3. An automatic septic tank for a private house, the price of which is higher than the cost of a concrete one, can be equipped with a pumping function. Filters are installed in it, which self-clean several times a month. However, here it is necessary to monitor the number of bacteria, since they are washed off along with the liquid into the sewer.

There is no universal answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a private house. For each individual case, you need to select the optimal version of the model and take into account the number of residents, the volume of wastewater, the characteristics of the soil and climate in the area. Domestic manufacturers of septic tanks offer a wide range of models of different performance, design and cost. Therefore, before you buy a septic tank for a private house, you should consult with experienced specialists.

If you are looking for an effective septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, then here is a rating of the best options:

Treatment plant Poplar.

Cleaning system Topas.

Autonomous station Termit.

Septic tank for a private house Ecoline.

The list goes on since Russian manufacturers regularly improve their products and offer high quality new items on the market.

Installation of a septic tank for a private house.

A septic tank for a private house should be located at least 5 meters from a residential building. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the further it is from the house, the more it will take sewer pipes and the higher the final cost of the work will be. To install a septic tank for a private house, you need special tools and equipment, sand and cement, insulation for pipes. The process itself consists of 4 main stages:

1. A pit is pulled out for a septic tank and a ditch for the pipeline.

2. The septic tank is placed in the pit using technology.

3. The pipeline is mounted and connected with a slope of 1-2 cm per 1 running meter of the pipe.

4. With a mixture of sand and cement 5: 1, the entire structure is filled up and compacted.

Thus, you can install a septic tank for a private house on your own, but it is better to entrust this difficult work to professionals in order to guarantee a perfectly functioning wastewater treatment system.

Convenient when private house connected to the centralized sewerage system. But if this is not possible, then you should think about installing local system waste disposal - septic tank.

It allows you to save the site from pollution, and in some cases makes it possible to get from the drains industrial water for watering plants, washing cars, etc.

In this case, a septic tank is based on a simple principle.

Whatever the purification device, it is based on 3 principles:

• sedimentation of large suspensions;
• floatation of light pollutants;
• biodegradation.

All septic tanks consist of several chambers. The first 2 stages of cleaning take place in the first tank. The branch pipe leading to the next chamber is located in the center, diverting water, in which there are no floating suspended solids and heavy fractions. The type of biodegradation and its efficiency depends on the type of apparatus.

In the video you can see the process of water purification in a septic tank:

Types of septic tanks for a private house

The division of the wastewater treatment system into types is based on dependence on electricity, the type of biodegradation and the material from which the septic tank is made.

Anaerobic and aerobic varieties

In more simple constructions in the second and subsequent tanks, anaerobic (oxygen-free) decomposition of contaminants occurs. Such purification is not complete and requires an additional stage of soil filtration: filtration wells or filtration fields.

In them, the remaining impurities are retained by a filter bed, on which a film of microorganisms is additionally formed, continuing the biooxidation process.

Local treatment plants more complex and efficient designs. They simulate large sewage treatment systems.

The VOC also has several cameras. In addition to sedimentation and anaerobic decomposition, such a device has a compartment in which aerobic microorganisms (activated sludge) in the presence of oxygen break down impurities.

After that, the water enters a special settling tank for sedimentation of activated sludge, which is pumped out by the airlift into the stabilization compartment. Part of the sludge mass is again fed to the aerobic cleaning tank. The settled dense sludge must be periodically removed from the tank.

There are also reservoirs in which the water does not undergo any processing, except for precipitation. They only collect and periodically remove waste water. The storage devices can only conditionally be called a septic tank, it is cesspool- a cheap to install option, suitable only for small country houses with a small volume of effluents.

Electricity dependence

It is important to know this principle of classification of wastewater disposal systems, since not all country houses have access to an uninterrupted supply of electricity.

1. Non-volatile are simple devices where anaerobic oxidation of organic matter is carried out, and water is poured between reservoirs and onto the stage of soil purification by gravity.
2. VOCs don't work without electricity required for the operation of the compressor supplying air. Also, in many models, wastewater from one chamber to another and activated sludge are pumped by airlifts powered by a compressor.

Anaerobic devices depend on electricity when, due to the terrain, it is necessary to install a pump to transfer liquid to the soil filtration stage.

What and how to make a septic tank?

Tanks for wastewater treatment can be made from different materials.

1. There is ready-made plastic tanks. You can make them yourself from several plastic pipes. large diameter or eurocubes. Installing such containers is quick and easy, without the involvement of special equipment. They are durable and in recent times are the most popular.
2. Metal containers may be ready. They can also be welded from multiple sheets. Such tanks are rarely used, mainly when it is necessary to locate the container at a great depth. From the inside, to extend the life of the container, it is recommended to treat it with an anti-corrosion compound.
3. Brick- budgetary, but physically costly material. The bricks are laid on concrete base... The section can be round or with right angles.
4. Concrete ring septic tanks- one of the most traditional options. Products with a diameter of about 1 m are used, which are installed on top of each other. For their delivery and installation, it is necessary to hire freight transport and a crane. Concrete containers often leak at the junction.

Reservoirs made of wood and tires from truck wheels are budgetary, but not very reliable.

When choosing the type and model of the device, it is necessary to correctly make calculations, take into account the features of the site.

The price of the finished station is also an important factor.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house?

The simplest and most reliable option is a ready-made plastic septic tank. There are now enough firms offering such products. Before buying or self-building a septic tank for a toilet, you need to decide on several parameters.

Performance

The required capacity and volume are determined by the number of inhabitants. If guests periodically reside in the house, then they must also be taken into account when calculating. On average, one person generates 200 liters of wastewater per day.

A family of four requires equipment with a capacity of 800 liters. Since waste water can be stored in tanks for 3 days, then the received power must be multiplied by 3 to get the volume value. For our example, you need tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3.

Natural conditions

Features of the relief, soil and climatic conditions are also important not only at the stage of installation, but also during the purchase.

1. You need to know the depth of soil freezing, because the pipeline and its entrance to the container must be below the zero point. There are special off-the-shelf models with an extended neck and low inlet.
2. Itself the equipment is recommended to be installed where there is a raised point to protect it from atmospheric moisture.
3. If the landscape does not allow gravity drainage from the tank, then you need to choose a model with forced evacuation of the purified liquid, in the last chamber of which the pump is located.
4. For clay soils prone to bursting during freezing we need structures with especially strong walls: concrete, plastic with stiffening ribs.
5. For soil post-treatment it is especially important to know the type of soil. The best option is sandy soils. In other cases, the arrangement of filtration fields requires a lot of effort.

Cost and popular models

Photo - Tank 2.5

Each owner takes into account the price of a waste disposal device. But here it is better not to save.

The best option is to purchase ready-made equipment.

Below are the prices for popular models designed to serve 4-5 people.

1. Popular septic tank with soil post-treatment Tank 2.5 fully loaded is from 36 thousand rubles.
2. Proven Poplar 5, related to complete biological treatment plants, can be purchased at least 72,000 rubles.
3. Topas 5 also provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. Such equipment is worth about 80,000 rubles.
4. If you are looking for a septic tank for a summer residence, then good option can be "Triton-mini", with a volume of 750 liters. Together with the soil filtration system, it costs about 22 thousand rubles.
5. More positive feedback is gaining and VOC "Unilos Astra-5"... You can become the owner of this system for about 80 thousand rubles.

Many users have already been convinced of the reliable operation of these devices. In addition, they are all simple and for self-assembly.

The device and installation of septic tanks

Installing a wastewater treatment device is quite simple, especially a ready-made plastic container, to which instructions are attached. First you need to choose the right place.

1. From the foundation at home to the septic tank should be at least 5 meters. But it is also not necessary to install too far away, otherwise a revision well is needed.
2. Distance between trees and a septic tank 3 m.
3. From rivers and reservoirs it should be 30 m to the sewage treatment device, and 50 m from wells and wells.
4. Roads must not pass over filtration fields.

As mentioned above, it is important to know the depth of soil freezing, which is indicated in SNIP 2.02.01-83 * for each region of the country. Pipes and soil filtration elements must be located below the zero temperature point.

Based on all these data, a septic tank is installed in accordance with step by step instructions.

1. They dig trenches with a slope for pipes and a pit for the septic tank itself.
2. A layer of sand 10 mm thick is poured into the ravines, rammed, be sure to observe the slope.
3. A sand and, if necessary, concrete cushion is built in the pit. It should be flat.
4. Set the septic tank exactly.
5. Connect it to the supply pipes, as well as the pipeline leading to the soil filtration or collecting tank.
6. Pipes and reservoir are filled up. It is important to pour liquid into the container, the water level should be 150 mm above the backfill level.

Sprinkle the tank with a mixture of cement and sand, and the last 30 cm with soil. After that, the system is ready for start-up and operation.

Watch a video on how to make a septic tank with your own hands:

Septic tank service: price

Plastic tanks do not require any special maintenance.

1. The VOC conducts a sludge assessment quarterly. If it is dark and begins to thicken, then it is necessary to remove it. A simple drain pump can be used for this.
2. Once every 1-2 years, it is necessary to pump out the sediment from the sump using a sewage machine. It is recommended to flush the entire reservoir during this time.
3. Once a week, you should look into the tank hatch to evaluate the work. This is especially true for aerobic installations.

You can conclude a contract with a specialized organization for service. A one-time procedure with sludge pumping and equipment revision costs at least 4000 rubles. Minimum cost annual service is 15 thousand rubles.

The full range of works and their price depends on the model.

Which is better: characteristics of the models

Model name	Productivity, m 3 / day	Volume, m3	Dimensions (edit)	Price, thousand rubles
Eurobion 4	0,8	0,25*	1.0x1.0x2.3	67
Eurobion 5	0,9	0,39*	1.1x1.1x2.4	71
Tank 2	0,8	2,0	1.8x1.2x1.7	29
Tank 2.5	1,0	2,5	2.0x1.2x1.9	33
Triton mini	0,5	0,75	1.3x0.8x1.7	19
Triton-ED	0,6-1,2	1,8	1.2x1.2x1.7	23
Poplar 5	1,1	0,25*	1.0x1.0x2.5 (3.0)	80
Poplar 8	1,9	0,47*	1.3x1.0x2.5 (3.0)	95
Astra 5	1	0,25*	1.1x1.1x2.4	72
Astra 8	1	0,35*	1.5x1.2x2.4	90

* for VOCs, volley discharge volumes are indicated.

Installation cost

If you decide to install a septic tank inexpensively, i.e. independently and have chosen a ready-made plastic model, the cost of the finished structure will depend on the price of the model, sand, cement and pipelines.

You can order a turnkey installation of a cleaning system. The minimum cost of such a service is 21 thousand rubles.

But once you have invested, you will ensure the reliable operation of the treatment equipment and the cleanliness of the site itself.