Disinfect the soil from cat feces with metronidazole. We disinfect the soil or substrate for our seedlings, methods and methods of disinfection
Prepare the soil before planting seedlings or before transplanting them into a vegetable garden or greenhouse. Preparations begin not in the spring, but after the harvest in the fall. Pure garden soil is not suitable for reuse, but it is possible to take it as a basis for a nutritious soil mixture. It is advised to seriously approach the disinfection of the soil for seedlings, if it is taken from the garden or from the greenhouse. For the destruction and prevention of pests, it is necessary to study the question of how to disinfect the soil for seedlings and take the necessary measures for disinfecting the soil. But its structure and composition directly depend on the correct selection of components and their proportions.
Disinfection
To disinfect the soil, in the fall or spring, the remains of plants, pegs, ropes and other debris that have accumulated over the summer in the vegetable garden and in the garden are collected and burned, and the beds are cleared of weeds. It is useful to expose the ground to low temperatures, so you should not litter the area with debris and you should not fill the greenhouse with snow. The frozen ground is freed from pests.
Processed with drugs upper layer soil with a depth of about 7-10 centimeters. Before transplanting seedlings, the greenhouse soil is disinfected as follows:
- 1. Copper sulfate. For ten liters of warm water, take fifty milligrams of copper sulfate and immediately spray the area with the dissolved agent. The procedure is carried out a week before transplanting seedlings or before sowing seeds.
- 2. Chlorine lime. One hundred grams of the mixture is introduced into the soil and covered with a rake or milk of lime is prepared by adding 3-4 kilograms of powder to 10 liters of water. Allow to settle for four hours. It is possible to add copper sulfate. For one square meter it is necessary to use 2 liters of the drug. But this disinfection is carried out a month before transplanting seedlings, since bleach has a detrimental effect on plants.
- 3. Hot water. Watering the soil hot water not lower than 90 degrees and cover with foil. Leave for a week. Under the cover, organic matter disintegrates, the earth warms up. You can plant seedlings.
- 4. Flame. It is advised to disinfect the ground with a gas burner flame.
- 5. A solution of potassium permanganate. The walls and ceilings of the greenhouse area are treated with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
- 6. Sulfuric smoke bomb. A saber is placed on non-combustible material and the wick is set on fire. Fumigation destroys mold, ticks, pathogens, and frightens off rodents. After the expiration of two to three days, the greenhouse cover should be ventilated, with the disappearance of the sulfur odor, the seedlings are planted. One checker is used for fifteen square meters.
The sulfur released during the combustion of the checker, reacted with water, forms sulfurous acid, which causes corrosion spots on the metal parts of the structure.
The walls of the polycarbonate greenhouse are washed with chlorine solution or a solution of laundry soap or window cleaner, dried before replanting the seedlings.
The use of biological products
It is advised to cultivate the land in spring with an increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse with a modern microbiological preparation "Fitosporin".
"Fitosporin" is a fungicidal agent made on the basis of a natural bacterial culture against fungal and bacterial diseases. To eliminate infection, several forms of solution preparation are used:
- 1. Five grams of "Fitosporin" powder is dissolved in a ten-liter bucket of water and the soil is watered a week before planting the seedlings.
- 2. Paste "Fitosporin" is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2, mixed to a uniform consistency. Fifty grams of the resulting mass is dissolved in 10 liters of water and the soil is watered. For 10 square meters, 30 liters of the mixture will be needed. Cover the moistened soil with a film and leave for several days. Store the remaining concentrate in a dark, but not cold place. This drug does not harm plants during the growing season. It is used with fungicides, growth promoters and insecticides. 200 grams of the drug is enough for almost 100 square meters of land.
"Flora-S" in its characteristics is close to heat treatment, it is able to deoxidize the soil, restores the structure of the soil. Four square meters requires ten liters of funds. For greenhouse vaults, use the drug "Fitop-Flora-S".
To prevent the appearance of phytophthora spores in the garden or in the greenhouse, the soil is sprayed with the dissolved biological product "Gamair" and "Alirin-B". One tablet, dissolved in water, is sprayed on 10 square meters of the plot, after which the cultivated land is mixed with a rake. Spores of bacteria grown at 20-25 degrees secrete polyene antibiotics. The complex use of biological products creates a barrier for pathogenic organisms.
Disinfection should take place in glasses, rubber gloves and a respirator, in a special gown, in a headdress. It should be remembered that drops of the solution get on the skin of the face and hands, in the eyes, on the hair, if handled carelessly.
To improve soil fertility, the drug "Baikal EM-1" is introduced. The loosened earth is watered with a solution. 2-3 liters of funds are enough per square meter. Under the influence of the agent, organic matter turns into humus. After 10 days, crops are allowed to be planted on the treated area.
Green fertilizers in pest control
Green manures, that is, green fertilizers, contribute to the improvement of the soil. They sow the site in early spring... After sowing, the soil is leveled with a rake and covered with foil. The best siderates:
- 1. Phacelia. Improves soil structure better than manure. Ripens in 40-55 days. It is considered the best predecessor for all cultures.
- 2. White mustard. It germinates quickly, it needs 3 degrees Celsius for it to begin to decompose in the soil and improve the vital functions of worms and soil microorganisms.
- 3. Rye. She is called a soil orderly. The roots of the plant reduce the number of nematodes (worms) in the soil. I advise you to sow the culture in the fall so that it has time to build up the root system.
- 4. Vika. This is a plant that enriches the earth with nitrogen, from the legume family.
- 5. Lupine. Seedlings appear early. After 6-7 weeks of growth, the tops are buried in the soil. The resulting vermicompost loosens the area, and its properties are equated to cow dung.
Siderata are able to draw moisture from the lower soil layers, so they are rarely watered. Before seating vegetable crops soil with green fertilizers is dug up, which saturates the planting area with calcium and nitrogen. Sometimes green fertilizers are left. Seedlings are planted between them. On open ground this method will pay off in dry summers, since green manure protects the roots of young shoots from overheating. Or the grown green fertilizers are mown and left under the transplanted plants.
Soil for growing seedlings
The land should be taken from the garden where planting material will continue its vital activity, since the culture adapts faster after transplanting it into a greenhouse and into open ground. In composition, the soil in the pot and the soil after the seedling period should be similar.
Pure soil without additional fertilizing and loosening agents is not suitable for sowing seeds. Such planting material is dense and does not contain nutrients for the growth and development of seedlings. The next disadvantage of such land is the presence of dangerous pests in it that can destroy the roots of young seedlings.
The absence of pests, larvae, eggs is necessary, but in any soil mixture, the presence of useful microflora is necessary.
It is believed that the soil from the packages does not need to be disinfected and is completely ready for use. But in fact, it poses the same danger as the garden one, since it is waste soil from greenhouses and greenhouses, which is mechanically cleaned and enriched.
In the same way, the soil for seedlings is disinfected, as described above. But the soil can be fried for about forty minutes, spreading it on a baking sheet. In this case, the temperature is increased to 180-200 ° C.
Wet substrate by placing in glass jar, it is advised to ignite in the microwave for about 15 minutes at maximum power. A water bath is also suitable for heat treatment. But all of these home methods are suitable for small amounts of land.
If the soil has been prepared since autumn, then it should be left on the balcony or in the yard so that the low temperature destroys all harmful microorganisms.
A healthy substrate is the basis for strong and safe crops. It is important to observe crop rotation. Pests love areas where a plant of the same family is grown annually. This is an excellent condition for the development of soil microorganisms. Therefore, the change of cultures is important. If you plant different plants, then their incidence will also noticeably decrease.
Cucumbers love moisture. Accordingly, a suitable microclimate is created for the development of fungal mycelium. And tomatoes love drier: dry air and low temperature and ventilation.
Reducing acidity helps to improve the health of the substrate. There are few nutrients in it, and microbes do not live in more acidic soils and beneficial microorganisms do not take root, which impairs the growth and development of plants.
Chalk, wood ash, dolomite flour reduce the acidity of the beds. These funds are introduced in the spring after the melt water disappears, repeated every two years.
Biological soil restoration
It is possible to replace the soil with compost every 3-4 years. For this, a compost pit is arranged on the site.
Hospital waste, by-products from veterinary laboratories, pesticides, admixtures of radioactive, toxic, disinfecting substances, tar and tar cannot be put into the compost pit. And everything that is not considered harmful to the human body is dumped into this pit. These are tops of potatoes and vegetables, table waste, straw, hay.
In the compost pit, under the influence of high temperature, all pathogenic microorganisms die, including fungal spores, helminth eggs, and fly larvae. Waste organic matter is decomposed and synthesized under the influence of biological processes of new organic matter, humus, which is a good fertilizer.
Soil disinfection
In the soil, there are pathogenic microorganisms released into the environment by sick animals or humans (pathogens of anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle, tetanus, malignant edema, tubreculosis, necrobacteriosis, brucellosis, tularemia, erysipelas of pigs, etc.). The soil contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms is one of the factors of transmission of the causative agent of infection among animals.
Pathogenic microflora is found more often in the soils of earthen floors of cattle yards, corrals, bases, areas around them, places of passage and places of loading and unloading of animals on railway and water transport, as well as in places where animal corpses are buried in the ground.
Spores of anthrax pathogens persist in the soil for tens of years; spores of an emphysematous carbuncle from 5 to 25 years; tubercle bacillus up to 15 months; brucella up to 190 days; listeria up to 5 months; the causative agent of erysipelas of pigs up to 4.5 months, on the soil surface - 3 - 5 g; foot and mouth disease virus 7-146 days. The survival time of other microorganisms pathogenic for animals varies within the same limits as indicated for the above-described non-spore-forming microorganisms.
Based on the above, the epizootic significance of the soil is obvious and the need to disinfect it is of great importance in carrying out antiepizootic measures.
The means, methods and timing of soil disinfection are determined taking into account the danger of the disease, the characteristics of its pathogen, the place and time of treatment, the amount of work, the estimated depth of contamination and other specific features in accordance with the requirements of the instructions for combating a particular disease.
1.In case of anthrax, emkara and other infectious diseases caused by spore-forming microorganisms that are especially resistant in the external environment, the soil at the site of the death (or slaughter) of the animal, immediately after the removal of the corpse (carcass), is carefully burned with fire to remove vegetation, irrigated (at the rate of 10 l / m 2) with a suspension of bleach or a solution of neutral calcium hypochlorite containing 5% of active chlorine. To prevent spreading of the liquid on poorly absorbing soils, the treatment site is surrounded by a low (5-10 cm) embankment, the soil for which is taken outside the disinfected area, the suspension or solution of the drug is applied gradually as it is absorbed into the soil.
After complete absorption of moisture, the soil is dug to a depth of at least 25 cm, thoroughly mixing it (1: 1) with dry bleach containing at least 25% of active chlorine, or neutral calcium hypochlorite. Then the soil is moistened with water at the rate of 5 l / m 2.
1.1. To disinfect the surface layer of the soil (to a depth of 3-4 cm), a 10% hot solution of caustic soda, 4% formaldehyde solution, 5% clarified solution of bleach or neutral calcium hypochlorite are used. The consumption of formaldehyde solution is 5 l / m 2, the remaining preparations 10 l / m 2.
1.2. The soil of old anthrax cattle burial grounds or individual burials is sanitized with methyl bromide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and methyl bromide (OKEBM). Around the area to be disinfected, a ditch 40 cm deep and 20-25 cm wide is dug along the perimeter, where the edges of the synthetic film covering the disinfected area are laid, and covered with earth.
At the site, before covering it with a film, a container is placed, where liquefied gas is fed from a cylinder through a metal fitting mounted in the wall of the canvas. The cylinder is preliminarily installed on a decimal balance and a predetermined dose of liquid gas is determined by the change in its mass. The end of the inflow of a given dose of gas is considered the beginning of the disinfection exposure. Disinfection is carried out at a temperature not lower than 5 ºС and with a humidity in the range of 1 - 33%.
To disinfect the soil contaminated with spores of anthrax microbes to a depth of 40 cm, it is necessary to consume liquid preparations at the rate of: a mixture of OKEMBM - 1 kg with an exposure of 5 days. or 0.5 kg with an exposure of 10 days. After the expiration of the exposure, the film coating is removed.
1.3. The soil and construction waste after the repair of the premises in which animals were kept sick with anthrax, emkar or other infectious diseases caused by spore-forming microflora, are moistened with one of the disinfecting solutions specified in clause 1.1. Construction waste is burned in compliance with fire safety measures, and the soil collected in a container is thoroughly mixed (3: 1) with dry bleach containing at least 25% of active chlorine, moistened with water and left for 72 hours.
1.4. Depressions in the floors formed after the removal of contaminated soil are irrigated with one of the disinfecting solutions specified in paragraph 1, at the rate of 2 l / m 2, covered with fresh earth and compacted, after which a new floor is laid.
1.5. Brick, concrete, plaster and other solid waste (except wood materials) generated during the repair of premises are moistened with a disinfectant solution (item 1), collected in a container impermeable to water, poured with the same solution (4 parts of solution for 1 part of materials), withstand 72 hours, and boards and other wood materials, regardless of their economic value, are burned.
2. To disinfect the soil of the farm for tuberculosis of animals (poultry), use an alkaline solution of formaldehyde containing 3% formaldehyde and 3% sodium hydroxide, 4% formaldehyde solution or tiazone dust.
Consumption rate of solutions for soil disinfection to a depth of 3-4 cm - 10 l / m 2, to a depth of 20 cm - 30 l / m 2; exposure 72 h.
When using thiazone, the soil is dug to a depth of 3-5 cm, mixing with a dry preparation at the rate of 0.2 kg per 1 m 2, and then moistened with water (5 l / m 2). Decontamination exposition for five days.
2.1. On walking grounds without a hard coating, the soil is moistened with one of the disinfectant solutions specified in clause 2 at the rate of 1-2 l / m2 (depending on its moisture content), the top layer is removed to a depth of 15-20 cm (until the contaminated layer is completely removed) and taken to special sites for disinfection by the method of long-term aging.
2.2. The soil and construction waste collected during the repair of livestock buildings are moistened with a disinfectant solution (item 2) and taken to special sites for disinfection by the method of long-term aging.
They act in the same way when disinfecting soil in the place of former accumulations of manure, slurry (after their removal) and other parts of the territory of farms contaminated with excretions from animals or manure runoff.
2.3. Places of excavation (under floors, on walking areas and on the farm) are irrigated with one of the solutions recommended in step 2 at the rate of 2 l / m2, after which they are covered with a layer of fresh soil and compacted.
3. When new viral diseases of animals and poultry are established, the soil at the place of death or forced slaughter (autopsy) is covered with bleach (2 kg / m2) containing at least 25% of active chlorine, after which it is moistened with water (10 l / m2). After 24 hours, the top layer of soil (10-15 cm) is removed and buried at a depth of at least 2 m. The bottom of the formed depression is sprinkled again with bleach, covered with fresh soil, followed by moistening with water.
The burial place of soil contaminated with the causative agent of the disease, as well as other areas of the territory suspected of being contaminated with secretions from sick animals, are sprinkled with bleach at the rate of 2 kg / m2, followed by irrigation with water (10 l / m2) without digging.
4. The surface layer of the soil to a depth of 3 cm with brucellosis, listeriosis, foot and mouth disease, erysipelas and swine fever, as well as other bacterial and viral diseases disinfected with a 3% formaldehyde solution at the rate of 5 l / m2 or thiazone dust, which is applied to the surface (0.2 kg / m2), followed by digging to a depth of 10 cm and moistening with water (5 l / m2); exposure for five days.
5. If the final measures for the improvement of the economy (farm) coincide with the period of rains, snowfall or frost, the soil is disinfected with the onset of favorable weather, and in other cases (current disinfection, disinfection of the soil at the place of death (slaughter) or autopsy) - for any weather conditions or take additional measures to prevent the spread of the pathogen.
6.Pastures for brucellosis and tuberculosis are disinfected in accordance with the current veterinary rules for the prevention of contamination of pastures, water sources and routes (transportation) of livestock with pathogens of brucellosis and tuberculosis, as well as their disinfection.
Control questions and tasks
What is biological waste?
Who collects and delivers biological waste?
What should be done if it is not possible to remove the corpse in time?
How and in what cases is it allowed to destroy biological waste by burial in the ground?
What technological operations are carried out and in what mode are biological waste processed into meat and bone, meat and other protein feed additives?
Under what infectious diseases is biological waste incinerated on site?
Describe the technology of incineration of biological waste?
Describe the device of the biothermal pit?
How is the disposal of biological waste carried out in case of their radioactive contamination?
How are cattle burial grounds and biothermal pits operated?
How is the accounting for opened and operating cattle cemeteries, biothermal pits kept?
How to clean up corpses?
Indicate the methods of decontamination of corpses.
How to destroy the carcass of an animal killed by anthrax?
List the methods of manure disinfection.
How is manure disinfected in case of spore and non-spore infectious diseases?
Quality control of manure disinfection.
What is biothermal manure disinfection based on?
How is soil disinfection carried out?
What is the basis for the choice of means for disinfecting manure?
Describe the disinfection of manure and droppings with biological agents.
How is manure and droppings disinfected with chemical agents?
What is related to physical methods of manure disinfection?
How is infected manure incinerated?
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Disinfection of the earth is very important point, this is the only way to grow healthy and strong seedlings. Processing the soil before planting seedlings allows you to destroy pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, fungal spores, nematodes, and protects against blackleg (a frequent disease of young plants).
Why is disinfection carried out?
Every year more and more pathogenic microorganisms accumulate in the soil and its yield is deteriorating. Therefore, it is optimal to carry out a complete soil replacement every year. However, new soil, even purchased from a store, may contain various pests. What to do in this case?
If it is not possible to change the soil, it must be cleaned of organic residues and thoroughly disinfected. It should be noted that disinfection is recommended despite the replacement of the ground. This approach will help you avoid unpleasant surprises in the future.
Traditional methods
Folk methods of soil disinfection are more environmentally friendly than chemical ones. However, they take a lot of time and do not always give a positive result. So, there are two ways to disinfect the soil.
Method number 1 - freezing.
Freezing the soil is best done at an air temperature of -15 degrees, you can use freezer... For best results, repeat the procedure 2-3 times. This treatment method is not recommended for soil with biohumus. Besides, low temperatures will not get rid of late blight.
Method number 2 - heat treatment.
Most soil pests do not survive high temperatures... The soil can be thermally processed in 2 ways.
- Calcination. The earth is poured with boiling water, mixed and spread on a baking sheet in a layer of 5 cm. Then the oven is heated to 90 degrees and the soil is ignited for half an hour.
- Steaming. This is a more gentle method of disinfection. A bucket of water is put on the fire, a grate with earth is placed on top, which is previously wrapped in a cloth bag. Steam the soil for at least 90 minutes.
Heat treatment must be carried out exactly according to the instructions, the excess temperature regime or the duration of the procedure will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the soil. In addition, the land treated in this way, immediately before planting seedlings, should be populated with useful microflora.
The disadvantage of this method is that it makes the soil completely sterile and unsuitable for cultivation. Requires additional bacterial fertilization.
To make the earth looser, after processing, sprinkle it on a paper surface and let it fill with air.
Disinfection with special means
You can also disinfect the land with the help of chemicals: fungicides, insecticides or ordinary manganese.
- Fungicide treatment
This group of drugs consists of beneficial bacterial cultures that suppress diseases and increase plant immunity. Most often, "Fitosporin" is used; for treatment, 15 ml of the product is diluted in 10 liters of water. You can also use other drugs - "Planriz", "Barrier", "Extrasol", "Glyokladin", etc. Before use, you should carefully study the instructions.
- Disinfection with insecticides
Popular drugs "Aktara", "Inta-Vir", "Thunder", "Iskra". Insecticides have been used successfully to kill soil pests. Before disinfection, the soil is loosened and moistened, the dry preparation is mixed with the soil before watering.
Soil processing before planting seedlings is carried out in advance, no later than a month before the proposed work.
It is important to remember that any chemical treatment requires strict adherence to the instructions, the recommended concentration and consumption must be observed.
- Disinfection with potassium permanganate
Manganese does an excellent job of disinfecting a small amount of soil. For processing, 3-5 g of crystals are diluted with 10 liters of water, and then the soil is watered at the rate of 30-50 ml per 1 square meter.
Disinfect the ground with potassium permanganate 2 weeks before planting seedlings.
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent, therefore sod-podzolic acidic soils it is not recommended to process them. This method is best suited for the disinfection of chernozem and soddy-calcareous soil.
An important point: reducing the acidity of the soil
Simultaneously with the disinfection of the soil, it is very important to even out its acid-base balance. If the soil has an acidic reaction, then, even if sterile, it is susceptible to diseases such as keela and gray leg. To normalize the acidity level of the earth to the norm of 6.5-7, the following means are used:
- dolomite flour;
- slaked lime;
- ash;
- hydrogel;
- perlite, vermiculite;
- humus tablets.
Do not forget to deacidify the soil before planting seedlings, otherwise diseases can develop very quickly even in sterile soil.
Frequent mistakes
Despite the disinfection of the soil, plants can get sick, grow poorly and die. What's the matter? Consider the 10 most common mistakes made when growing seedlings.
- Poor quality seed. It is important to choose only high-quality seeds, otherwise they may simply not sprout or the plants will grow weak.
- Wrong choice of containers. The container may not be suitable for seedlings if it is too tight, large, poorly drained, or loose.
- Lack of seed treatment. A significant part of diseases are transmitted not only with the soil, but also with the seeds of plants.
- Failure to comply with the terms of cultivation. If you neglect the recommended terms for growing seedlings, then the plants will grow weak and simply will not take root during transplantation.
- Planting seeds too deep. With excessive depth, only a few seeds will germinate. The optimum depth should not exceed 2 seed diameters.
- Thickened sowing. The seeds must be spaced a sufficient distance from each other, otherwise the seedlings will not have enough room for normal development.
- Watering after sowing. It is necessary to water the soil before sowing. If you do this later, the seeds will go deeper into the ground and germinate worse.
- Violation of temperature, lighting, watering and other growing conditions. It is important to remember that young seedlings are especially sensitive to temperature extremes, excessive dryness of the soil or excessive watering. It is also important to provide sufficient light, otherwise the seedlings will quickly stretch out.
- Late pick. In order for the aerial part to develop evenly, the plant must be dived as soon as the second true leaf appears.
- Overgrown seedlings. Such seedlings are more difficult to take root and may break during transplantation.
Disinfection of the earth is not for the lazy. But if you let the cultivation of seedlings go by chance and do not take elementary measures, you can ruin all the work. To prevent this from happening, the summer cottage season must be opened in advance, and it should begin with soil cultivation for seedlings.
There are many ways to disinfect the earth, you can steam it, harden it, freeze it or process it chemical agent... However, they all have their own nuances and disadvantages. Therefore, in order to grow strong and healthy seedlings, you need to carefully study all the information and correctly apply it in practice.
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There is whole line insects that are not indifferent to the delicate and fragrant buds, leaves and berries of currants. Here are the most famous ones.
- Polycarbonate layers and the frame itself can be processed with cold lime. This is done in the fall when the greenhouse is closed before spring.
- To provide plants with a certain nutrient in the soil. Due to the "constraint" in the growth of the root system in the greenhouse, the plants need top dressing of better quality than the same plants growing in open space.
- Ways to fight:
We looked at several ways to better treat cabbage from pests. If none of them could help you, you can resort to the help of chemicals. To destroy fleas, slugs and aphids, you can use Fury, Aktelik, Fitoverm, Inta-Vir and others. They should be used strictly according to the instructions.
Cabbage is healthy and delicious vegetable, which is present in the diet of every family. Many gardeners grow cabbage on their own summer cottages... But this plant has many enemies that negate all the efforts of gardeners in obtaining a good harvest. Therefore, you should think in advance about how you can process cabbage, and how to properly protect it from pests.
Before the pruning procedure, the mummified fruits and leaves covered with cobwebs remaining from the fall are collected and burned. The stump of the tree is cleaned of dried bark, the hollows are covered with a solution of cement.
Infusion with garlic is used against caterpillars and aphids;
A good harvest of fruit crops largely depends on the quality treatment of the garden from pests in the spring. Warm sun rays warm not only the plants that revive from hibernation, but also the numerous insects that overwintered in rotten foliage, under the bark of trees and shrubs, in the ground. Treatment garden trees spring from pests includes a number of agrotechnical measures.
- ... Its eggs, which have a red-violet color, winter on the branches, covered with shields of dead individuals. Egg larvae appear during the flowering period. In the process of growth, they acquire a scutellum and begin to feed on the juice of young shoots, from which they weaken and even sometimes completely die off. To prevent the larvae from affecting the bush, you should treat the currant bushes with a 3% solution of nitrafen paste even before the buds awaken. The preliminary mechanical cleaning of the branches with a brush helps well. If the affected area is very large, it is better to cut and burn the diseased branch.
- The buds of the currant are very much to the taste of the kidney mite and kidney moth.
- If the frame is steel, it can be painted over.
- Processing is needed to balance fertilizers and minerals in the soil.
For preventive purposes, the bushes before flowering are treated with infusion of tobacco, onion husks, and a decoction of wormwood (recipes are given above). Spray several times at weekly intervals until the need is gone;
Scientific methods of struggle:
As popular wisdom says, the disease is easy to prevent, but difficult to cure. This statement also applies to harmful insects, whose invasions of bushes lead to very disastrous consequences. 
If you want a crop without chemicals, you should only use safe methods to protect your cabbage. Let's look at what folk remedies can be used to treat cabbage from pests:
Thinning the crown improves sunlight and airing the tree, which is a prerequisite for increasing yields and improving the general condition of all fruit trees, including the apple tree.
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Tobacco smoke helps in the fight against copperhead, moth and other flying pests.
The first processing of fruit trees occurs in early spring, before sap flow has begun and buds have not yet formed. In the temperate climatic zone, this is mid to late March. It was at this time that the crown was also cut off and the trunk was cleaned of overgrown lichen and dead bark. The next treatment is carried out during the period of bud formation, before flowering. Finally, the last stage of pest control in spring occurs at the end of flowering.
Spring pruning of apple trees
Currant goldfish
Leaves suffer from gall and shoot aphids, spider mites.
- In the spring, before planting plants, it is necessary to prepare racks, equipment, containers. Disinfect them with boiling water, copper sulfate solution, formalin, or something else of your choice.
- Disinfection of soil from possible pests.
- Another wonderful ecological remedy is a biological product
Treatment of affected bushes with "chemistry", for example,
In well-groomed gardens, where the rules of agricultural technology are observed, conditions are not very favorable for the reproduction of pests. These techniques are quite simple and involve caring for the berry bushes. First of all, in early spring, all affected shoots are cut out at the soil level and burned along with the fallen leaves that have remained since autumn.
Processing apple trees from pests and diseases
Very often cabbage is damaged by this dangerous insects like
After pruning, they begin to process the apple tree from various pests and diseases. It is better to carry out preventive measures in order to protect the garden in the spring than to deal with pests at the stage of fruit ripening, treating them with chemicals that will get inside the apple. Such fruits do the body more harm than good.
Chamomile, chilli pepper, mustard are also used against pests.
- Spring garden pest control includes:
- ... A shoot damaged by this pest begins to dry out from the top, as the beetle larvae spend the winter inside it. If in early spring you do not cut out the branches, inside which the beetles form, then the larvae will feed on their core during their growth and gradually descend, destroying the shoot. It must be borne in mind that this pest loves young shoots, so the future of the whole bush depends on timely measures.
- Young shoots are damaged by currant goldfish and scabbard.
In order to prevent any insects from growing in the greenhouse in the future, disinfection is carried out. To do this, you can use ordinary smoke from a fire, and sulfur bombs are also used. Sulfur checkers are considered to be more effective.
Spring feeding of apple trees
For the prevention of any infection of plants with diseases.
Fitoverm
Aktellik, Fufanon, Karate, Aktara.
Top dressing and loosening of the soil in the aisles around the plant itself also help to maintain the health of the garden. Digging the land in autumn causes significant damage to the number of wintering pupae, spores, etc. In addition, mulching the soil with a thick layer in early spring leads to the death of the larvae of stem and leaf currant gall midges.
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Prevention begins with spraying the crown of a tree on unblown buds. It is advisable that during the procedure the temperature is daytime was at least +3 degrees. For spraying, a solution of Bordeaux liquid is prepared: 250 g of quicklime is dissolved in 10 liters of cold water, and 250 g of copper sulfate is dissolved in 2.5 liters of warm water. The lime solution is filtered, and a solution of copper sulfate is poured into it. Mix everything thoroughly and spray the apple trees.
Folk remedies for processing cabbage from pests
Fairly safe impact on environment and the human body of biological products: "Fitoverm", "Barrier", "Aktofit", synthesized on the basis of soil microorganisms.
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womanadvice.ru
How to protect bushes from pests of black currant, red and white
Pests of black, red, white currants and agricultural technology - what connects them
No one doubts that currants are not only tasty, but also incredible useful berry... That is why almost every gardener plants on his own personal plot at least one bush of this wonderful culture. However, currants were appreciated not only by people, but also by various pests. In addition, the shrub often suffers from diseases. If the bush is affected by the terry virus, then it will not be possible to save it, but other ailments of the currant are perfectly treatable.
The first stage of land cultivation is the removal of plant residues and seeds. In the fall, after the harvest is harvested, the remains of a plant remain in the ground. Sometimes weeds may even remain in the soil.
After harvesting berries, currants can be sprayed
The first sign that you have a kidney mite in your garden is not to immediately apply the protective agents of the chemical industry. With a small number of pests, it is quite possible to collect them by hand or gently chicken out on a sheet spread under a bush.At the end of spring, another pest is activated -
Fight against aphids on currants
Voliam targo. Destroys fruit mites and apple moth;
Preparations "Inta-VIR", "Kinmiks", "Karate". It is very important, having studied the attached instructions, to observe the recommended dosage. Excessive concentration of chemicals causes plant burns, death of pistils, and, therefore, a decrease in yield. In addition, the misuse of insecticides is detrimental to the environment.
- Spraying with drugs.
- Anthracnose;
- Kidney mite Correct spring processing of the shrub is very important for the further development of the plant and obtaining a timely and rich harvest of berries, since most pests winter well and begin their attack on the plant almost immediately with the onset of spring heat. Therefore, a good owner should take measures to prevent the attack of pests and diseases as early as possible, as soon as the snow has melted and the buds have not yet begun to swell. They must be removed and removed from the soil in order for the plants to feel good in the soil in the future. Then, if possible, you can make organic fertilizers out of them, but some additional conditions must be met. For example, a plant should not have any diseases. Karbofos- these are abnormally swollen kidneys. In the spring, they are not able to open up and gradually die off, which affects the amount of the crop. One kidney can contain up to a thousand individuals. Having got out of it in the spring, they settle in the vicinity with the help of insects, birds or the wind.
, Or it is possible in an open inverted umbrella. For spraying, decoctions and infusions of plants with a specific smell and insecticidal properties are recommended (they are used no more than once a week), and it is better to resort to chemical preparations in urgent need.
- Cabbage fly Insegar. It is aimed at combating the apple moth and leafworm; After choosing how to treat plants from pests, use a hand pump or sprayer for spraying. In order for the solution to fall on the surface in the form of small drops, the tip of the apparatus should be kept at a distance of about 1 m from the plant.
Kidney mite on currants
Whitewashing of trunks Terry.
... It is one of the most common enemies of black currant. It develops inside the kidneys, which makes them look more pot-bellied compared to their healthy neighbors. Such buds should not be allowed to open, since in this case the tick will break out and begin predatory actions throughout the bush. That is why the first measures against it must be taken in early spring. The best way to deal with it will be mechanical removal of shoots with diseased kidneys. Then they should certainly be burned. But if the bush is large enough and branched, then it is quite difficult to notice all the affected areas, therefore, it is necessary to carry out not only cutting, but also spraying the currants with a 1% colloidal sulfur solution or 0.2% malophos solution. Bordeaux liquid and others will do special preparations... When processing bushes, it should be remembered that the greatest efficiency is achieved at an air temperature of at least 20 ° C. If you spray in a colder time, you must tightly cover the bush with plastic wrap after the procedure. After 10 days, you need to repeat the operation.
Many people understand that it is always better to prevent a disease than to deal with it later. This principle is true not only for humans, but also for plants. Strong bush, secured proper care, much less risk of being subjected to any ailment. And so that your currants are always strong and healthy, special care measures should be taken.
- A prerequisite for improving the soil is harvesting the larvae. Sometimes for this it is necessary to sift the soil with the help of a special seeder.
- (60 grams per bucket of water). To treat the plant through unblown buds, or after flowering, prepare a solution Another sign of uninvited guests is the altered shape and color of the apical leaves, which, moreover, brighten and become deformed, leathery. Over the summer, ticks give 3-4 generations. In addition, they are carriers of such viral disease like terry. Therefore, during the entire growing season, you need to carefully monitor the appearance of enlarged buds and pluck them out when they appear. It is best to fight the tick during the period from the swelling of the buds to the end of flowering. These tiny, sucking insects are very difficult to get rid of. They reproduce at an incredible rate, damaging the blossoming leaves and tops of the shoots. Ants help to settle in the garden, which take care of it and hide it in their nests for the winter, and in the spring they again spread it along the stems. The first measures for its destruction must be carried out along the green cone of the kidneys. If you have aphids on currants, we will now tell you how to deal with it.
Spider mite on currants
... It lays larvae in the ground, which infect cabbage roots, causing its death. You can destroy the insect by treating a layer of soil under the cabbage with a mixture of black pepper, wood ash and tobacco dust. After processing, the soil should be thoroughly loosened. It is recommended to periodically remove the top layer of soil around the cabbage and sprinkle it with earth from compost heap or from row spacings. You can scare off the cabbage fly with burdock infusion, which once a week should be abundantly sprayed on the plant and the ground under it.
Nurell D. Designed to combat complex pests of fruit trees.
Which tree is very common among us for its fertility and the taste of the fruits themselves? Of course, this is an apple tree. Some types of apple trees live for almost a hundred years. For apple trees to grow and bear fruit well, they need to be properly cared for. Processing apple trees in spring is also a must.
- Slaked lime has traditionally been used to whitewash tree trunks. But in order for the thickness of the coating with the composition to be sufficient, it is necessary to whitewash the trunk twice. Currently, new means are used - chalk-based whitewashing with the addition of copper sulfate and PVA glue. Such a composition disinfects the bark better and lasts much longer, despite the spring rainfall.
- Powdery mildew Read more In early spring, while the bush is dormant, we make sanitary pruning. We remove diseased, dry and damaged branches, leaving no stumps in which the disease can begin to develop. In addition, you should remove old shoots and thin out the bush so that it is well ventilated.
- In the fall, after processing the soil, you can leave it open for air access, that is, remove layers of polycarbonate or leave open the vents, doors to the greenhouse. The ground freezes and as a result gets rid of all kinds of pests. If you decide to refuse to freeze the ground, then in winter period time, put snow on top of the soil, it will be the best protection for the soil. Karbofos Ways to fight: Natural ways to fight: In rainy and cloudy weather, cabbage can be destroyed
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Preventive soil cultivation in a polycarbonate greenhouse in spring and autumn: photo, video
It has long been used to combat diseases and pests natural remedies in particular wood ash. Its solution copes well with apple aphids and caterpillars. In addition, wood ash contains many trace elements such as iron, magnesium, manganese, copper, molybdenum, etc.
Each apple tree must be prepared for the new season, and, therefore, put things in order on the site. To do this, they remove all the garbage around, cleanse the trees from exfoliated old bark, since either pests or dangerous diseases often linger in these places.
Processing of near-stem soil
... In recent decades, this disease has become very common among fruit trees and shrubs. If you do not help the infected plant to cope with the disease, then it will die pretty quickly. To prevent this from happening to your currants, in early spring, treat with a nitrafen solution, and after flowering, spray it with a 25% solution of benlate or caratan. In case of serious damage, it will be necessary to re-treat in a week.
- Currant aphid
- Use a special support to raise the branches higher off the ground. This measure is mandatory so that during the ripening of the berries, the branches do not break off under the weight of the harvest. After all, every damage is a gateway for the penetration of infections.
- Cultivating the land in a polycarbonate greenhouse in spring is another important step in greenhouse maintenance. Replace a few centimeters of top soil. Take a bucket or some other container and remove about seven centimeters of soil, instead pour a new, fresh one that was not in the greenhouse. Then mix the soil using the loosening method.
- Other concentration (30 grams per bucket).
- Out of folk remedies spraying with infusions of tobacco, garlic helps well (200 grams of crushed heads are put in a bucket of water, immediately stirred, filtered and applied), dandelion (400 grams of greens or 300 grams of rhizomes are poured with a bucket of water, insist, filter for 3 hours), walnut(3 kg of dry leaves in a bucket of water, insist for about a day);
To significantly reduce the aphid population will help to regularly wash it off the bushes with a strong stream of water or wet the leaves with soapy water (250 g of laundry soap is diluted in a bucket of warm water);
Land cultivation in a polycarbonate greenhouse
Slugs and garden snails.
Due to its unique chemical composition, wood ash is an excellent phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. The most valuable is ash obtained from burning poplar, oak, birch, potato tops, sunflower.
The apple tree must be pruned. This can be done not only in spring, but also in autumn, when there is no frost and the tree is at rest, without buds or leaves. It is important to first prune old diseased branches, and then shorten the skeletal branches. If pruning is rejuvenating, then it is best to shorten each branch by the length of the annual growth.
Mechanical processing of near-stem soil is effective - digging in trees. It must be carried out several days before spraying with chemicals. In the dug earth, there are many insects that will be raised to the surface with layers of soil. The birds will quickly destroy the larvae and adult insects.
Anthracnose, or muhosed
... When affected by this pest, young leaves at the tips of the branches twist and wrinkle, and their reverse side is all strewn with many small green bugs. To destroy overwintered aphid eggs, currant bushes are sprayed with a 3% nitrafen solution even before the buds swell.
Processing of the frame and covering of the greenhouse made of polycarbonate
Be sure to remove the surface of the earth around the currants, and burn the collected debris. Most often, it is he who creates a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic bacteria and pests.
Fertilizers must be added to the soil. It is better to do this some time before planting the plants, that is, in the spring period of the year. Such fertilizers can be - manure, compost, peat. After adding fertilizers, the soil is dug up. You can see the fertilized and loosened soil in a polycarbonate greenhouse in the photo on the Internet.
- In greenhouses, special polycarbonate is created, optimal conditions for good growth of the planted plants. But such conditions can affect the occurrence of all kinds of diseases in the soil, it is necessary to process, carry out preventive measures.
- For chemical protection use a suspension of colloidal sulfur (100 g per ten liters of water) or
- Spraying with infusions of garlic, onion husks (a bucket is filled up to half with husks, poured with water to the top and left for 5 days), tobacco, mustard (100 grams per bucket), needles, tops of tomatoes or potatoes (4 kg of green stems or needles insist 3.5 hours in a bucket of water). A decoction of bitter wormwood, hot pepper has the same effect (half a bucket of greens is poured with water to the top, infused for about a day, then boiled for half an hour and diluted 1: 1 with clean water before use);
- To protect against these pests, it is necessary to pollinate the plantings with a mixture of mustard powder, ground pepper, fine salt and ash. You can prepare an infusion for sprinkling cabbage from these components. In addition, for these purposes, you can use laurel, garlic, rosemary, thyme, etc. Slugs are easy to catch with special traps. Spread damp burlap, cabbage leaves, or just clippings of boards along the cabbage beds where the slugs will collect.
- Prepare top dressing as follows: dissolve 100 grams of ash and 1 tablespoon of urea (carbamide) in 10 liters of water. While pouring the solution under the tree, it is periodically stirred.
Air space treatment in polycarbonate greenhouse
During spring pruning, it is taken into account that the growth, branching and fruiting of an apple tree depends on how the branches are located:
Treatment with drugs
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How to treat currants from diseases and pests in the spring: chemistry and folk remedies - Onwomen.ru
... This fungus seriously infects currant leaves. And although the peak of the disease occurs in the middle of summer, the fight against it must begin in the spring. Treat the shrub and near-trunk circle of the soil with a nitrafen solution (60%). Before flowering, spray the currants with a solution of colloidal sulfur, repeating the treatment a couple of weeks after it.
Spider mite
Disease prevention
Immediately after the snow cover has melted, loosen the circles near the trunk, ensuring the air permeability of the compacted soil.
- It is necessary to carefully process the greenhouse from the inside. The best way do it wash it. This requires a sponge, water and regular soap. If the plants are sick, then a remedy can be added to the water that will kill the causative agent of the disease. With this method, you will disinfect the inner coating of the greenhouse.
- Digging up the earth
- Karbofos
- Homeopathic remedies will help trouble
- Cabbage can be damaged and
- A means for feeding trees can be humus, which is scattered over the soil around the fruit-bearing apple trees. They also prepare a mixture based on humus: add 70 grams to 10 kilograms of humus ammonium nitrate, 70 grams of potassium salt and 200 grams of superphosphate. The resulting fertilizer is distributed over the soil, and then added dropwise approximately 10 cm deep. This mixture is sufficient for feeding 3 to 4 apple trees.
The steeper the arrangement of the branches, the less they bear fruit;
Pest control methods
The question of how to process fruit plants in spring is very topical. It is best, of course, to do with gentle spraying methods. For a long time and quite effectively folk remedies have been used in gardening:
- Terry
- ... It can cause significant harm to the currant bush, damaging the foliage in large quantities and reducing the intensity of the growing season. At the beginning of May, whitish or red-brown spots appear on the leaf plates, and the tick itself appears on the lower side. You can fight the pest by tearing off and burning damaged leaves, as well as spraying the plant with a 50 percent solution of karbofos.
- At the beginning of the growing season, it is imperative to add nitrogen-containing fertilizing under the bushes to stimulate the formation of ovaries.
- And one more advantage of this method is that you will not violate the integrity of the greenhouse cover. Do not use brushes or any metal objects while cleaning the greenhouse, you may scratch the polycarbonate. When finished, be sure to rinse off the soap mixture with clean water.
The best time for such a procedure is late autumn and early spring. Do not do prophylaxis too often, twice a year is enough. Simple maintenance will help get rid of any unpleasant moments, the soil will remain suitable for sowing, it will be loose and soft, saturated with minerals and fertilizers.
(75 grams per bucket). Apply at least two times. Healthy Garden, Ekoberin
Aphids
If the soil on which the apple trees grow is rather poor, it is advisable to carry out a second top dressing at the beginning of flowering. In the absence of precipitation, top dressing is prepared in liquid form. 40 grams of potassium sulfate, 50 grams of superphosphate, 0.5 liters of slurry or 250 grams of poultry droppings are dissolved in 10 liters of water. This amount is enough to feed one apple tree.The erect branches grow most intensively, and since all the strength goes into growth, they bear fruit poorly;
Ash and laundry soap, diluted in hot water, cope with aphids, suckers, powdery mildew;... This disease is dangerous because currants may stop yielding at all. The disease develops slowly, so on one bush there may be branches at different stages of the lesion. The kidney mite carries the infection, therefore, where you found it, wait for the manifestation of terry. It is impossible to cure this disease. If you find a lesion in only a small area of the plant, remove it immediately and burn it. When the disease has seized large volumes, you will have to part with the whole bush.
Blackcurrant Sawer One more effective method prevention is the initial choice for planting the most disease and pest resistant varieties.
Be sure to check the tightness of the greenhouse, all seams, and the stability of the structure. Why is it necessary to cultivate the soil in a greenhouse:
The spider mite is the scourge of black currant, it causes the greatest harm in hot, rainless weather. The presence of a sucking pest begins to manifest itself already before flowering: light dots are visible on the leaf blade from above. A currant mite lives on the underside of mature leaves, covers them with fine cobwebs, as a result of which they turn yellow and disappear by mid-July, as well as bacterial preparations
Disease Control Ways
... At the same time, the plants stop growing and wither.
- Such spring care for apple trees may seem overly time-consuming, but observing it, you will always have a sufficient number of apples that will delight you with their beauty, aroma and their taste.
- The closer the branches are to the horizontal line, the more intensively the buds bloom on their upper parts and, as a result, bear more fruit.
- Infusion onion peel saves from spider mites;
Many gardeners do not recognize the use of chemicals in pest control. If you are one of them, then you can advise the use of various folk remedies. From any diseases and pests, currant bushes can be treated with various infusions. For example, infusions of garlic, tobacco or wormwood have worked well. You can also use an infusion of onion peels. In early spring, watering the bushes with boiling water helps to cope with many problems. For greater efficiency, you can add a weak solution of potassium permanganate to it. This pest is dangerous primarily for its latent existence. The consequences of his activity become visible only after the sawer larvae, which developed inside the ovaries and berries, leave their shelter. Naturally, the "used" berries fall off, and the pupae of the pest remain to winter in the ground. Therefore, one of the most effective measures to combat the sawfly will be digging up near-trunk circles, which is best done in autumn or early spring. In addition, treatment with a 0.2% chlorophos solution will be required.
Sometimes pests and diseases affect currant bushes even at the very good care, therefore, every gardener growing this crop should know the enemy by sight. And not only to know, but also to be able to deal with it correctly. The frame of the greenhouse is reinforced with special additional arcs for reliability in the winter period. You can see the fortified greenhouse in the photo.
In order to grow a high-quality and healthy harvest in the future. To get rid of the pest, in the fall they destroy weeds, dig up the soil, in the spring they carefully collect the remnants of dry leaves and mulch the bush until the end of flowering. The mass development of insects occurs in the last month of summer. Affected plants overwinter poorly and also lose high yields.
Folk remedies
Bitoxibacillin, Batsikol
OnWomen.ru Land for beets 
A good harvest of vegetables directly depends on the quality of the seedlings. If the plants are stunted, don't wait good result... In order for the seedlings to grow well, you need to prepare a suitable soil for it. We will talk further about how to prepare and disinfect the soil for seedlings.
How to prepare the soil for seedlings yourself
Growing seedlings is a very troublesome business. These plants are more capricious and need special privileges than those that grow outdoors. Growing seedlings of good quality requires an ideal soil in which all and trace elements will be collected. For each plant, the acidity must be correctly selected. In no case should there be pests and insects in the soil. Here are the basic requirements that land must meet:
- Good moisture and air permeability. The soil should be soft, loose and light. This will allow oxygen to penetrate unhindered to the root system.
- The soil must be balanced and fertile. In addition to organic compounds, the earth must also contain all micro and macro elements. Do not forget that all components must be contained in certain proportions.
- The soil must meet certain acidity requirements. Normal indicator lies in the range from 6.0 to 7.0. If it is insufficient or higher than the norm, then in the future the seedlings can pick up various diseases.
The main rule when preparing the soil yourself is to observe the measure in everything.
Anti-primer
During the preparation of soil for seedlings, you need to know what in no case should be in the ground:
When preparing the earth on your own, you should not mix clay into it. It greatly degrades the condition and quality of the soil. In this case, it becomes unsuitable for growing strong and healthy seedlings.
Time and method of soil preparation and disinfection
Seedling starts in autumn. It is better if the soil freezes well over the winter. Before planting, the land is warmed up and cultivated. Today, there are many ways to prepare the land. This instruction should become a handbook for the gardener:
- The earth is sifted. Remove all insects, larvae and debris.
- The next step is soil disinfection. This must be done without fail. This makes it easy to get rid of all germs and spores.
- To obtain high-quality seedlings, add a glass of ground eggshell to a bucket of soil.
- To keep the earth loose and airy, add crushed foam, pumice or rice husk.
From the entire instruction, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on such an important issue as how to disinfect the ground for seedlings.
Rules for disinfecting land for growing seedlings
The most common problems with growing seedlings arise precisely because of the soil. So that there are no pathogenic microbes left in it, it is subjected to special processing... There are several ways to disinfect the soil for seedlings. Let's consider each of them separately:
Method 1... Calcination. The earth is sent to the oven and kept for about 15-20 minutes at a temperature of 90-100 degrees. So that the soil is evenly calcined, it is laid out on a baking sheet with a layer of no more than 5 cm.Do not increase the temperature to more than 100 degrees. The soil will deteriorate and will not be suitable for growing plants.
Method 2... Steaming. This procedure is applied one month before land use. It is placed in a saucepan, tightly closed with a lid, and sent to be steamed in a water bath. Withstand the soil for two hours.
Method 3... Freezing. This method is used for soil that was collected in the fall. The land is taken out onto the balcony and kept there all winter. A month before planting the seeds, it is taken out and thawed at room temperature.
Method 4... Cultivation of the land with potassium permanganate. This method is considered the most effective, simple and effective. The earth is watered fresh hot and allowed to dry. The composition is prepared in the following proportion: 1 teaspoon of potassium permanganate per 1 liter of water.
Method 5... Soil disinfection can be carried out using special preparations. They can be purchased from shops that specialize in gardening supplies.
Which way to choose is up to you. In general, each of them is effective and time-tested. Having figured out how to disinfect the earth, you need to consider in detail the last method.
Preparations for cultivation of land and seedlings
The presented preparations are suitable for treating soil and plants:
Shop soil
The most popular is the garden and vegetable garden soil for growing seedlings. You can buy it in every specialized store... Seedlings are very fond of such ready-made mixtures and grows in them just fine. In their composition, everything is balanced, and each component is added in a scientifically based proportion. Also in the finished soil there are additives that stimulate the growth of seedlings. It is worth conducting a detailed analysis and looking inside the "Garden and Vegetable Garden" soil package.
The secret inside
In fact, there are no secrets in the finished soil. It contains the following ingredients:
- Peat. It is highly sterile and has good moisture retention.
- Mineral supplements that stimulate the growth of seedlings.
- Humic substances. Promotes root growth. Gives plants strength and stability.
- Sand. Helps the soil not dry out and settle.
- Agroperlite. This substance helps oxygenate the root system.
- Chernozem. The main and main component of the finished mixture. Land completely cultivated from debris and impurities, as well as from all pathogens.
These are at first glance simple additives that the ready-made soil "Garden and Vegetable Garden" contains. Before buying soil, you should pay attention to the following points:
- The bag should not contain large and dry lumps of earth. This is considered the main indicator of soil quality.
- After autopsy it is worth evaluating appearance land. There should be no dust in it. Moderate soil moisture is allowed.
Having selected the soil and prepared it for planting, you can start processing the seeds.
Seed preparation
Having figured out the question of how to disinfect the soil for seedlings, it is worth approaching the problem of seed preparation. Everything is much simpler here. It consists of the following:
Having figured out the question of how and with what to treat seeds, soil, plants from bacteria and diseases, you can expect a good result.
Conclusion
Having figured out the main question - how to disinfect the soil for seedlings - novice gardeners can start this procedure in practice. In fact, there is nothing difficult about it. A little diligence and perseverance will help to grow good and beautiful seedlings in the future. Disinfection of soil and seeds today is mandatory procedure... Strong and healthy plants will take root faster outdoors.