Types of insulation for the walls of the house from the inside: materials for insulation and their characteristics. Technology for performing wall insulation from the inside - the disadvantages of this method and materials for thermal insulation Thermal insulation with mineral wool

The process has its supporters and ardent opponents. In their own truth, both those and others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing this particular type of insulation, you need to know which insulation is suitable, to study the nuances of performing insulation work.

To insulate the walls inside the premises is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat saving is unconventional and is usually used. But there are situations when there is no other way out.

This option can also be considered in apartment building when insulation interior walls the only way to insulate a room. This process will help eliminate the formation of fungus in the room.

Cons of internal thermal insulation

This method has its drawbacks, so it has many opponents.

Problems with internal thermal insulation of walls are the following:

• with external thermal insulation, the walls of the building are protected from the cold, which cannot be achieved with insulation from the inside. Base contact with environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensation. With internal heat saving, it moves behind supporting structure and is formed between the insulator and the surface. The result can be the development of fungal formations that will be difficult to notice;
• reduction in area. Modern heat insulators have excellent characteristics, but they have not yet come up with such a material that would take up little space. At this point, when insulating, the room will become 10 cm smaller on each side.

Before deciding on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the disadvantages and considering the advantages, this is the only way to avoid mistakes and shortcomings during installation.

Thermal insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have pros and cons.

The most popular heat insulators:

• wood fiber board;
• ecowool;
• glass wool.

These insulators are widely available and inexpensive. Let's analyze the characteristics of each type of insulator that can be used as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and polystyrene

A productive and affordable heat insulator, which is used very often when insulating apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a slab 5 cm thick. No special tool is needed, and installation is not difficult.

But this material has its drawbacks:

• flammability;
• low strength;
• vapor tightness - if you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

It is necessary to equip forced ventilation - this may require additional costs.

This version of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block structures, since wood, covered with this heat-insulating material, loses its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

A very common heat insulator. It is widely used in apartments and industrial buildings, in addition, it is used as a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent sound insulation properties.

Mineral wool is inexpensive, has excellent vapor barrier. For an apartment or house, it is better to purchase hard slabs of basalt wool, they are easy to install. Another plus of the material is incombustibility.

But it is worth using this material with great care if the walls in the apartment are damp, basalt wool is hygroscopic, and when it gets wet it completely loses its insulating properties. Therefore, before laying it on the walls, you need to equip the waterproofing layer, and before the finishing cladding, stretch the vapor barrier.

For waterproofing work, it is better to use membranes, they are vapor permeable, and will not interfere with "breathing" outer walls.

Wood fiber boards

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• moisture resistant;
• easy to process and install;
• it does not breed rodents.

Often this material is used specifically for outdoor decoration, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Foil insulation

Technological processes do not stand still, therefore, innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction constantly appear on the market. Such a novelty is a foil-clad heat insulator.

The material is a layer of polyester foam, on which a layer of thin aluminum foil... The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and directed inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with a self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, it is enough to carefully prepare the surface and stick insulation on the wall.

Ecowool

The material that appeared on the market quite recently, but immediately gained popularity among ordinary people, thanks to a lot of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is made by recycling recycled cellulose, therefore it is non-toxic;
• excellent performance of thermal insulation;
• air impermeability;
• fine fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not shrink.

But, despite the positive characteristics, the material has several significant disadvantages that prevent its widespread use:

• the inability to do the installation with your own hands. The material is applied by wet spraying using a special technique. For insulation, you will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material must be carried out in stages, since there is a possibility of the layer slipping;
• flammability;
• the period of solidification of the mass is 24 hours, subject to good ventilation;
• price;
• the need to equip the frame.

Internal thermal insulation of walls with ecowool is carried out strictly along a wooden crate, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that when spraying, the material does not slip from a vertical surface.

Glass wool

This heat insulator has been used in construction for a very long time. The main constituent of this material is fiberglass.

The use of glass wool is due to the following characteristics:

• high soundproofing qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass wool can take any shape;
• fire resistance;
• immunity to chemical attack;
• affordable cost;
• breathability.

But it's worth talking about the shortcomings:

• the material is unstable to mechanical stress, therefore it is mounted only on the frame;
• has a high degree of shrinkage over time;
• service life is 10 years, then glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties;
• destroyed by sun exposure.

Despite the disadvantages, the material is very often used for warming premises, since it has a low cost and ease of installation.

When working with glass wool, you need to use protective equipment - glasses, a mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of material, when in contact with the skin, cause severe itching.

How to choose the right material for indoor insulation

Before you mount the wall insulation from the inside with your own hands, we choose the right insulator that meets the following requirements:

• safety for humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation of the house, it stands even before the start of installation, equips a good ventilation system otherwise the indoor climate will become unfavorable over time.

Comparative table of thermal insulation materials:

Material name	Density	Thermal conductivity coefficient	Vapor permeability	Moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
Minvata	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ecowool	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
Glass wool	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Wall insulation technology from the inside

Experts advise using room insulation with inside only in special cases, for example:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and industrial climbers need to be involved for external insulation;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to remove the facade finish and produce external thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade violates the architectural ensemble.

Ways to insulate walls from the inside:

• on the frame;
• on the glue.

The first method does not require careful alignment of the bearing surface. In addition, it is very easy to fix the facing material to the frame, so if it is planned to build walls from drywall after insulation, then the crate does not need to be mounted. If, after isolation, it is planned to plaster the surface, then the need for a frame disappears. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further decoration of the walls.

Insulation on the frame

Like a wall from the inside of a room on a frame? This thermal insulation of walls from the inside is a laborious process, but more reliable. Thanks to the frame, the brittle material is not subjected to mechanical stress, this is especially true if foam is chosen as a heat-insulating material.

The wall does not need to be leveled, but before installation it is worthwhile to clean the surface of the plaster, if it has peeled off, dirt, dust and cover it with an antiseptic compound.

The frame is constructed with aluminum profiles or bars. Fastening is done on dowels or self-tapping screws - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation is chosen for the walls inside the walls, then the distance is reduced by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, exactly 60 cm.

If it is decided to use wooden elements as racks, then they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent rotting and the formation of fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, a heat insulator is placed in the gaps, close up all the seams between the material polyurethane foam... After the foam dries, it is trimmed flush. After that, you can proceed with the final finishing.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the room on the frame is made with the following materials:

• glass wool;
• basalt insulation;
• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using a crate on the walls, except for foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before insulating.

They are cleaned of dust and dirt, degreased. Further work proceeds according to the following algorithm:

• after cleaning, the walls must be leveled and repaired. Cracks are putty, large protrusions are knocked down, and the depressions are sealed with mortar;
• all planes are treated with an antiseptic, or antimicrobial primer;
• the soil is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start installing the plates on glue, it is applied to the wall and to the material with a notched trowel;
• the glue will dry for 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface dries out, additional fixation with umbrella dowels is necessary.

Do not forget that the installation of the layers of material is carried out with an offset. In this case, it is imperative to carry out waterproofing of the base surface and vapor barrier of the insulation itself after installation.

Arrangement of insulation for glue has its own limitations, since only dense pits are used for this, for example:

• Styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• forged insulation.

As soon as all the installation of the heat insulator is completed, they begin finishing.

Finishing coatings

Usually, when installing heat-saving plates on glue, they are plastered using a forming mesh for a gypsum composition, and fiberglass for a putty. These measures will prevent the topcoat from cracking.

After all the plastering and puttying work is over, and the walls are dry, we clean the surface with an abrasive mesh of a fine fraction and paint it with a water emulsion of the desired shade.

Modern heaters, developed using the latest technologies, are used in construction to isolate the interior of a house. The material "saves" from the winter cold, keeping the warmth in the room, and from the summer heat, keeping the coolness.

Each type of new materials has its own application technology. You need to familiarize yourself with it when buying. Depending on the composition, there are three groups of surface insulation.

Organic. They are used to insulate houses with moderate humidity and, most often, only from the inside of the room.

This group is represented by the following types:

• Woody;
• Linen;
• Cork;
• Sea grass.

Inorganic. Suitable for insulating the walls of the house from the street and from the inside:

• Mineral insulation (the most popular are mineral wool and slabs);
• Basalt fiber;
• Fiberglass;
• Cellular concrete;
• Expanded polystyrene;
• Polyethylene foam.

Mixed. These heaters are composed of organic and inorganic elements. Group representatives - materials from rocks:

• Perlite;
• Asbestos;
• Vermiculite, etc.

Insulation perlite

Note! Thanks to the use of new technologies, the developed insulation materials are ergonomic and environmentally friendly.

A wide variety of new insulation materials are used in construction. What parameters you need to pay attention to when choosing is discussed below.

Modern thermal insulation materials are characterized by the following properties:

1. Thermal conductivity;
2. The degree of porosity;
3. Strength degree;
4. Steam permeability index;
5. Water absorption rate;
6. Resistance to biological processes;
7. Fire resistance;
8. Resistance to temperature extremes;
9. Heat capacity index.

The parameter of thermal conductivity of the insulation material depends on other properties - the amount of moisture, the degree of strength and porosity, temperature and structure. It indicates how much of the total heat will pass through the surface. The heat conductivity index is calculated taking into account a certain footage and time (heating through 1m2 of material per hour).

In construction, the parameter of the porosity of the insulation is important, since the further functionality of the material depends on its degree.

There are the following types of pores:

• Open;
• Closed;
• Large;
• Small.

When choosing a heater, you need to pay attention to the strength parameter. Its minimum and maximum limits are 0.2 and 2.5 MPa. This is especially necessary in the case of material transportation. A high strength index will protect the surface from all kinds of damage.

Measurement of the degree of vapor permeability will indicate the amount of its penetration - through 1m2 of insulation per hour. Correct calculation assumes the same temperature indicator from the inside and outside of the walls (despite the fact that they are different).

In rainy areas, a high moisture absorption rate of the insulation is required. In this case, preference should be given to new materials with moisture-repellent elements in the composition, for example, mineral wool. The following parameter depends on the degree of moisture absorption.

The higher the degree of protection from moisture for a material, the stronger its resistance to biological processes. Mold, microorganisms, insects, etc. destroy the structure of the coating. Therefore, the insulation must have the property of protection against these processes.

Resistance to fire is an important safety parameter of insulation, developed using modern technology. You need to choose a material with a high degree of fire protection.

In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the generally accepted indicators of fire safety:

• Flammability of the material;
• Flammability;
• Smoke generation;
• Toxicity level.

Resistance to temperature extremes is important in all climatic conditions... This parameter is represented by a limit value. Under its influence, the structure of the thermal coating will begin to collapse.

The heat capacity parameter indicates the ability of the insulation to withstand the influence low temperatures... This is especially important in colder areas. Good new insulation will freeze and thaw without breaking the structure.

9 popular materials: advantages and disadvantages of the best insulation

The market of insulation materials is represented by a huge variety of assortments. The most commonly used types are discussed below.

It is a fibrous material. Of all types of heaters, it is the most popular, since the technology for its use is simple, and the price is low.

Advantages:

• Refractoriness;
• Good noise isolation;
• Frost resistance;
• High porosity.

Disadvantages:

• On contact with moisture, the heat retention properties are reduced;
• Low strength;
• Application requires additional material - film.

Manufacturing technology implies a similar composition with glass. Hence the name of the material. Advantages:

• Great soundproofing;
• High strength;
• Moisture protection;
• Resistant to high temperatures.

Disadvantages:

• Short service life;
• Less thermal insulation;
• Formaldehyde in the composition (not all).

For the manufacture of this material in production, glass powder and gas-generating elements are used. Pros:

• Waterproof;
• Frost resistant;
• High fire resistance.

• High price;
• Air tightness.

Cellulose wool

This material is also called ecowool, it has a granular structure, the cost is low. Advantages:

• Good heat insulation;
• Spreading of material into crevices;
• Moisture exchange without disturbing the structure and properties.

Disadvantages:

• Combustible;
• Low level of strength;
• Time consuming application.

Cork

Its high prevalence is due to its environmentally friendly composition. The material has a significant drawback - high cost. Advantages:

• Light weight;
• Resistance to biological processes;
• The level of strength is high;
• Incombustibility.

The material is produced in two ways - with or without a press. The structure is medium-grained. Pros:

• Great thermal insulation;
• Waterproof;
• Low price.

• Flammable;
• Air tightness;
• Disturbance of structure during freezing.

The structure of this material is represented by small capsules with air inside them. Advantages:

• Elastic;
• It gets well into irregularities;
• Possesses resistance to biological processes;
• Large temperature range.

Disadvantages:

• Does not allow air to pass through;
• Burns, while highlighting hazardous elements;
• Application requires special equipment.

In the manufacture of the material, the pressing method is used. The structure is homogeneous, it is represented by small cells with gas inside. Advantages:

• Highest durability;
• Long service life;
• Repels moisture.

Disadvantages:

• Combustible;
• Air tightness.

It is considered the best liquid modern insulation material. It consists of small empty ceramic balls. Special substances serve as adhesion for them. Pros:

• Ease of use (sprayed or applied with a brush);
• Fineness of the applied layer;
• Refractoriness;
• Exposure to temperature fluctuations;
• Profitability (500 g per 1 m2).

Note! There is no material to use in all cases. To choose good insulation, there are many individual room factors to consider.

When buying a heat-insulating material, one should take into account the basic parameters of the surface on which it will be applied, the conditions of use and the climatic situation.

Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, more and more various modern insulation materials with improved characteristics appear. Liquid thermal insulation for walls is one of the relatively new developments that will significantly speed up and facilitate the process of wall insulation both outside and inside the building.

Comfort in an apartment or house directly depends on the normal temperature in the premises, therefore, the vast majority of owners of houses and apartments are thinking about thermal insulation of walls today. Modern technologies make it possible to provide external thermal insulation of the surfaces of the house, even if the apartment is on one of the upper floors - for this, not only heaters in the form of slabs or mats are used, but also liquid formulations that are easier to work with.

As a result of carrying out such thermal insulation works outside the building, the generated heat will be stored inside it, preventing the premises from being cooled down in winter period and even overheat - on hot summer days. In addition, liquid insulation is able to protect walls from moisture penetration and temperature extremes, thereby preventing erosion of building materials, the appearance of condensation on the bearing walls and mold colonies.

What can be attributed to liquid insulation?

Today on the market you can find several types of liquid heaters made on the basis of various materials and differing in application technology.

• liquid ceramics;
• liquid expanded polystyrene or penoizol;
• sprayed ecowool.

Each of the materials has its own characteristics, its own "pluses" and "minuses", differences in the field of application. What unites these insulation materials is the simplicity of application to the surface, which does not take much time. So, using such materials, it is quite possible to carry out the process of thermal insulation of even large areas in just one day.

You may be interested in information about which one is suitable

Unfortunately, not all liquid heat insulators can be applied without the use of special equipment. In this regard, it will be necessary to invite specialists who have the technological skills of performing work and who have special installations for applying liquid material to carry out the work.

Before applying any of these thermal insulating compounds, the surface of the walls must be prepared by removing dirt and dust deposits, etc. if necessary, making repairs in the form of sealing cracks, protrusions and depressions. However, for some types of liquid heaters, surfaces do not need to be repaired, since the applied materials are able to close or fill all existing cracks, gaps at the joints. building structures and other surface imperfections, such as those caused by building shrinkage. But in any case, the cleaned and prepared walls will have better adhesion to the liquid insulation material, which will increase the quality of thermal insulation and reduce heating costs.

To figure out what it is Various types similar liquid heaters, and what are the features of their application, each of them should be considered in more detail.

Liquid ceramic wall insulation

Ceramic liquid insulation material on appearance practically does not differ from thick acrylic paint... Nowadays, there are several compositions on the building materials market that have different names, but approximately the same structure and consistency:

• The bonding base of the compositions of ceramic liquid thermal insulation is a water-acrylic mixture, which promotes the adhesion of the insulation to the wall and the uniform distribution of the thermal insulating components on its surface.
• Additional components are introduced into the water-acrylic mixture, which improve the quality and performance of the heat insulator. Most often, such additives are natural and artificial rubbers, silicone, as well as materials like them, which give the composition elasticity and water resistance.
• Ceramic granules are the main component that helps to reduce heat loss of the insulated surface. The granules are microscopic and ideally spherical, filled with highly discharged air (gas), which provides high thermal insulation and makes it possible to distribute the mixture over the wall surface in a thin layer. Ceramic granules make up 80% of the total volume of the thermal insulation material, so its consistency resembles a thick dough or paste.

A high-quality ceramic liquid heat-insulating material is one in which, after complete polymerization, the percentage of voids in the layer applied to the surface will be 75-80%, which makes it possible to create an ultra-thin layer with a very high resistance to heat transfer between the wall surface and the outer surface of the applied insulation.

It should be noted that the proportions of the components of this material are, in principle, approximately the same, regardless of its manufacturer, brand and name. The difference can only be in the quality of the raw materials used and the technology for making the mixture.

Liquid insulation prices

liquid thermal insulation

Popular liquid ceramic heat insulators

Today, many different ceramic liquid heaters are produced for thermal insulation of walls and other building structures, and several of them have gained the greatest popularity and are used most often.

These heaters are subdivided into brands depending on the purposes, conditions of application and subsequent operation, on the materials of the surfaces for which they are intended. For example, some of them can be applied only at positive, and others at negative ambient temperatures. There are materials designed for insulating metal structures, even those covered with a layer of corrosion, or for thermal insulation of brick or concrete walls.

Typically, such a heat insulator is applied in several layers, the thickness of each of which can be from 0.4 to 1.0 mm, and requires drying within a day.

The most popular are the following formulations:

"Astratek"

This liquid insulation composition, produced by the Russian company "Astratek", has the consistency of a homogeneous suspension, so it can be applied not only with a brush, but also by spraying using spray guns. The heat insulator of this brand is produced for different surfaces - it is "Facade", "Metal", "Anti-condensate", "Universal".

Liquid thermal insulation coating "Astratek"

"Astratek" can be used for thermal insulation of surfaces that warm up during operation to a temperature of 150 degrees, and the elements coated with this composition can withstand thermal drops from -60 to +250 degrees. Insulation can be applied in several layers, each of which should be no more than 0.4 mm thick. The total coating thickness is usually at least 3 mm.

Prices for liquid thermal insulation MAGNITERM

Liquid thermal insulation MAGNITERM

With these parameters and high-quality application, the manufacturer has set the life of the material up to 30 years. The consumption of the suspension per layer with a thickness of 0.4 mm is 1 liter. 1.5-2.0 m².

Comparative table of parameters of "Astratek" insulation and two other popular heaters - sprayed polystyrene foam (penoizol) and mineral wool "URSA" (average prices in rubles for 2016 are taken). For comparison, the consumption and cost of work are shown when applying (installing) an insulating layer with equal heat transfer resistance indicators - 1.5 m2 × ° C / W. Average prices in rubles for February 2016 are taken.

Compared parameter	Insulation material type
	"Astratek"	Expanded polystyrene	Mineral wool "URSA"
Thermal conductivity coefficient W / m С	0.0012	0.04	0.044
Achieved thermal resistance, m2 × ° С / W	1.25	1.25	1.25
at layer thickness, mm	1.5	50	55
Price 1 l. (1 dm³) in rubles.	430	1450	70
Consumption 1 m²	1.5KG	1,0 l	1.0KG
approximate cost additional materials, rub	0	500	600
Cost of materials for 1 m2 of insulation, rub.	645	1450	70
Cost of works for 1 m², rub.	150	600	600
Total cost of 1 m², rub.	795	2550	1270
Costs per 1 m², "Astratek" in comparison with other heaters.	1	3.21	1.6

• "Astratek - Metal" is intended for thermal insulation of pipes for cold and hot water supply. The coating significantly reduces heat loss, prevents the formation of condensation on the pipe surfaces, and also reduces the surface temperature of hot pipes.

Heating main pipe insulated with "Astratek"

This heat insulator is perfect for insulation. garage doors, especially since this work can be easily carried out by the owner himself. To do this, you just need to take a brush, roller or spray gun and apply the suspension on the surface.

• "Astratek - Facade" - this insulation is used to insulate external walls built of brick or concrete.
• "Astratek - Universal" is suitable for thermal insulation of any surfaces: both metal and concrete or brick.

"Actor"

Liquid heaters "Akterm" have remarkable characteristics and have a wide technological potential, since the Russian company "Akterm" produces thirteen different modifications of insulating compounds. So, they can be designed not only for thermal insulation, but also for waterproofing works. It should be noted that this type of liquid insulation material can be applied both inside and outside the building.

Factory packaging of liquid thermal insulation composition "Akterm"

• "Actor - Concrete"

This composition is used for thermal insulation of surfaces made of limestone, concrete and brick, and is able to protect them from freezing and condensation. In addition, the suspension contains inhibitors against mold and mildew, but it does not contain volatile compounds and organic solvents. Due to this, it can be used to insulate rooms from the inside. So, it is used for:

- Thermal insulation of balconies, loggias and basements.

- Insulation and insulation of interpanel seams.

- Keeping warm inside the building and to prevent the formation of ice and mold colonies.

- Waterproofing and insulation of window and door slopes.

• "Actor - Metal" and "Actorm Antikor"

These compositions have all the qualities inherent in the above suspension, and have the same consistency, but, in addition, the coating they create is distinguished by vapor resistance, weather resistance, UV resistance, high adhesion to metal surfaces, and creates a protective coating against burns.

"Akterm" provides both thermal insulation of metal structures and their protection against corrosion

Such heat insulators are used in the following areas:

- Thermal insulation of household and industrial cold and hot pipelines.

- Creation of a protective coating against overheating metal structures.

- Thermal insulation not only for metal surfaces, but also for those made of plastic and glass.

- Applying insulation to roofing from corrugated board or metal.

- Thermal insulation of cooling systems, air conditioning, ventilation and the like.

- Thermal and waterproofing of vehicle bodies.

• "Actor - Facade"

Thermal insulation of front walls with liquid thermal insulation "Akterm"

In addition, this composition has the qualities of high quality facade paint, to which various colors can be added. After drying, the layers of "Akterma" do not require additional protection against aggressive external influences and mechanical stress.

The scope of this composition:

- Thermal insulation of facades different buildings.

- Thermal insulation of balconies and loggias from the outside.

- Insulation and waterproofing of joints between panels, slabs or building blocks.

- Waterproofing and insulation of window and door slopes.

• "Actor - Standard"

This mixture has the same high qualities as the previous materials used for thermal insulation of walls from the outside and from the inside. It is used for the following finishing activities:

- Heat and sound insulation, as well as waterproofing of residential and non-residential buildings.

- Protecting buildings from ultraviolet rays and other negative environmental impacts.

- Hydro and thermal insulation of loggias, balconies and basements.

- Insulation of the front parts of houses.

- Thermal insulation of various pipelines, metal structures and structures.

• "Actor - Nord"

This type of coating is organic based, and is intended for use in extreme conditions winter temperatures up to -30 ÷ 50 degrees, at which the material does not lose its performance. A similar insulation can be applied to surfaces made from the very materials.

The areas of application of this composition are quite wide, from insulation of facades of various buildings to any roofing materials, and from metal structures to pipelines.

• Other compositions "Akterm"

In addition to the above, the company "Akterm" produces special formulations for use in various areas of construction and industry, for a variety of different conditions operation:

— "Actor - Volcano"- a thermal insulating compound capable of withstanding temperatures up to +600 degrees. It is used in various fields for application to external surfaces of buildings or technological installations.

— "Actor - Anti-condensate"- protection of surfaces from condensation. It can be used both indoors and outdoors, as it does not contain organic solvents and volatile compounds - this composition is absolutely non-toxic and safe.

— "Akterm - paint NG"- a thermal insulation mixture corresponding to the characteristics of the "Standard" composition, but with a flammability class "NG". It is applied on any surfaces requiring particularly reliable fire protection.

— "Actor - Fire Protection"- the refractory properties of this composition comply with the requirements of GOST R 53295-2009. Therefore, this paint mixture is used to provide the surface with special protective qualities from open fire - where necessary.

— "Actor - water repellent"- it is used to protect wall structures from moisture, as it has special water-repellent properties. This coating is used both indoors and for application to the outer surface of walls.

— "Actor - Zinc"- anti-corrosive composition that provides reliable protection metal surfaces from the development of corrosion, has increased adhesive qualities.

— "Actor - Plast"- primer-enamel, used for all surfaces, both metal and non-metal. It is used only for external walls, and combines three functions - a primer that prepares the surface, protection against corrosion and a topcoat. Therefore, this composition can be applied even to uncleaned rusty surfaces.

"Corundum"

"Korund" is another brand of heat-insulating liquid materials manufactured by another Russian manufacturer, which gives a guarantee for the operation of such coatings for a period of 15 years.

Liquid thermal insulation compounds of the Korund brand

The heat insulator is a fairly dense homogeneous mass with a high degree of adhesion to any building materials such as concrete, metal, brick, plastic, glass and others.

Preparation of the "Corundum" composition for application

The application of this material is done with a brush, spatula or spray gun. If the solution will be sprayed on the surface of the walls, then it should be diluted with plain water. The liquid is poured into the mass in small portions, and then the solution is mixed using a construction mixer.

Corundum is also subdivided into solutions designed for a specific area of ​​construction and various conditions of use. So, the mixtures "Facade", "Classic", "Winter", "Fire protection", "Lotos" and "Antikor" are produced.

• "Korund-Facade", as its name implies, is used for insulation works on the outer surface of walls taken out of various materials. The solution can be applied to prepared walls with a layer of 1 mm, at a surface temperature of + 5 to +145 degrees. This heat insulator may well be used as a basis for further finishing.

Thermal insulating paint "Korund" on the facade of a multi-storey panel building

• "Korund-Classic" applied with a layer thickness of 0.5 mm, and can be applied at surface temperatures from -60 to 250 degrees. The solution is able to eliminate freezing of the walls, the appearance of fungal formations, and prevent the formation of condensation. The material gives high protection to surfaces from heat loss, while maintaining normal air and moisture exchange, that is, the walls remain "breathing".

The composition can also be used for insulation wooden walls- it has sufficient vapor permeability

• "Korund-Winter"- this composition is intended for work carried out at an air temperature of -10 to -60 degrees. The solution is used for the external surfaces of various buildings erected in regions with a harsh climate.
• "Korund-Antikor"- this heat insulator is supplemented with anti-corrosion properties, and it is permissible to apply it, including on surfaces covered with a rusty coating. It is perfect for insulating walls and gates of a garage or other metal buildings. The convenience of using this solution is that it can be applied to an unprepared and uncleaned surface.
• "Corundum-Fire protection"- such a heat-insulating material consists of three layers - primer, fire-retardant and finishing protective and decorative. The solution has high adhesion to surfaces, and upon drying it acquires high strength and the ability to withstand the destructive effects of an open flame.
• "Corundum-Lotus"- the composition is used as a covering layer for insulation of the Korund-Fasad brand. It has water and dirt repellent properties, which allows you to keep the facade clean and original for a long time. This material is often chosen for the treatment of the walls of multi-storey buildings.

Some thermal insulation materials in the "Korund" line have additional properties:

• "Corundum-Waterproofing" proved to be excellent in protecting interpanel seams from moisture penetration.
• "Korund-Sanitary" used for the treatment of internal surfaces of walls and floors in kitchens, bathrooms, basements, balconies and loggias as reverse waterproofing.
• "Korund-Foundation" intended for complex waterproofing and insulation of horizontal and vertical surfaces of foundations

"Armor"

Insulation composition "Bronya" is a proprietary development of the Vologda LLC "Innovative Resource Center". It is also manufactured using ceramic material, but the manufacturer presents it as superior in its thermophysical properties to all the analogs already described above.

Another liquid insulation of domestic production - "Bronya"

"Bronya" by its consistency resembles a thick paint, has high adhesion, heat-insulating and anti-corrosion qualities. This material is also divided into several types, designed to isolate specific areas of the building, or they can be universal. Their area of ​​application can be recognized by their names. With the help of the Bronya liquid heat insulator, it is possible to impart special insulating qualities to the following surfaces:

- Roofs made of any material.

- Facade walls of residential, public and industrial buildings

- Internal load-bearing walls and partitions.

- External and internal slopes windows and doors.

Indoor floors, as well as on verandas or terraces.

- Pipelines of cold and hot water supply, gas mains and heating mains located in heated and unheated premises, as well as outdoors or underground.

- Ventilation and cooling systems.

- Metal constructions.

Heat insulating liquid material"Armor" can be divided into the following varieties - this is "Classic", "Universal", "Standard", "Facade", "Wall", "Light", "Antikor", "Metal", "Fire protection", "Winter", "Nord" and "Volcano". Moreover, each of them is produced in two versions related to the flammability group G1 or NG, that is, to the category of non-combustible materials.

In addition to these basic thermal insulation materials, a line of primers is produced designed for preparation work different surfaces and for different operating conditions.

Another series of Bronya compounds are water-repellent and waterproofing coatings made on a polymer basis.

Heat-insulating material is applied to walls, as a rule, with a thickness of 1 mm, and is capable of operating in a wide range of operating temperatures - from -60 to +200 degrees.

Positive and negative qualities of liquid ceramic insulation compositions

Liquid ceramic insulation has whole line advantages over other insulation materials:

• A layer of high-quality liquid thermal insulation of 1 mm is equal in its thermal characteristics to a 50 ÷ 70 mm layer of mineral wool.
• The thermal insulation coating turns out to be practically seamless, which, in principle, cannot be achieved with other types of insulation materials.

• Insulation compounds intended for internal work are environmentally friendly and absolutely safe for human or animal health.
• When insulating country houses, which are left unattended in winter, this insulation, in principle, cannot be dismantled and stolen by intruders.
• Unlike some board materials, liquid insulation is not a source of dust spread, which is especially valuable for people prone to allergies.
• The simplicity of the application technology, similar to conventional painting, does not require the use of additional equipment or the invitation of specialists.
• Ultra-thin application, especially on the inside of the walls, can significantly save usable space.
• Liquid thermal insulation reliably resists fungal and mold formations, as well as insect nesting.
• The long service life of this kind without repair and other unforeseen troubles, for example, heavy pollution, swelling from excess moisture, attacks by rodents, makes this type of thermal insulation an excellent choice for insulating a private house.

Such materials practically have no drawbacks. The only thing that can upset the buyer is the poor quality of the purchased composition of an unknown manufacturer, so the choice must be taken very seriously.

Selection of liquid ceramic thermal insulation

In order to choose a high-quality material intended for a specific area of ​​construction, where it will be used, it is worth carefully studying the characteristics of the composition, which are necessarily located on the packaging or in the accompanying documentation.

Despite the fact that a liquid heat insulator has a fairly high price, you should not experiment and immediately purchase the one that is cheaper, in the hope that it will also be able to perform the necessary functions, even if they are not indicated in the instructions.

When purchasing insulation, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• The density of the mixture. The material is considered to be of high quality if 1 liter is equal to no more than 0.6 kg - so, a ten-liter bucket should not have a net weight of more than 6 ÷ 6.5 kg. If the mass exceeds the specified rate or is much less than it, then this will be reason to doubt the heat-insulating properties of the acquired composition.
• When buying such a heat insulator, you need to view the bucket through the light and see the stratification of its contents, since the lighter ceramic fraction rises upward. The thicker it will be upper layer, the higher the thermal insulation effect.
• The structural structure of the mixture is also important - ceramic microgranules should be felt in it in the form of roughness. To determine their presence, a small amount of mass is taken on the fingertips and rubbed. If there are no roughnesses, then you should choose a heat insulator of a different brand, or purchase it from a more conscientious seller.
• You also need to pay attention to the color of the mixture, since it should be completely white. If a grayish or yellow tint is present, then this indicates a violation of the manufacturing process, and it is not known how this material will behave both during its application and during operation. However, of course, it is necessary to take into account the fact that some formulations have already introduced a color pigment, which should be stated in the characteristics of the material applied to its packaging. In this case, the color must correspond to the declared characteristics.

Tips for applying liquid ceramic insulation to a surface

Liquid insulation can be easily applied to any surface, so the work can be done independently, following some recommendations:

• So that the wall after covering it with a heat insulator is even, it is recommended to treat its surface with a grinder, with a brush installed on it, which will clean the protrusions remaining after the mortar used for masonry has dried.
• When applying the compounds to surfaces made of ferrous metal, they should be dust-free and degreased. If the heat insulator is applied to non-ferrous metal, then it is necessary to remove the gloss from it and apply a primer to it.
• Mixing the mass of liquid insulation is carried out immediately before applying it to the wall. This process is carried out using a mixer attachment installed on an electric drill. The mixing time is 6 to 10 minutes.
• Some formulations with a thicker consistency are diluted with water. The mass is diluted to the desired consistency, depending on the method and area of ​​application of the material. Dilution ratios are usually indicated on the packaging.
• Liquid insulation is applied in layers, and the layers should not be more than 1 mm - this parameter depends on the brand of the composition. Each of the layers must be completely dry, and this process takes at least 24 hours.

Video: the use of liquid thermal insulation brand " Magniterm Facade "

Liquid ceramic insulation is a relatively new technology that has not yet gained widespread popularity, perhaps simply due to a lack of awareness among homeowners. Nevertheless, it has excellent thermal performance and can be successfully used in various areas of private construction. With the right choice of insulation and adherence to the technology of its application, you can get the expected result of a significant reduction in the heat loss of the building, which will save you from numerous troubles for many years.

Liquid expanded polystyrene

Liquid expanded polystyrene has many names - they are given to it by the manufacturers themselves: it can be, for example, "unipol" or "mettemplast", but its most familiar and popular name is "penoizol".

Insulation of the attic walls with "penoizol"

The composition of these materials, in general, is identical and is a modified polystyrene foam.

Unlike ordinary expanded polystyrene (foam), "penoizol" has a number of improved characteristics, which are especially important for use in residential buildings - this is its low flammability and low content of harmful components. Using "penoizol" and applying the recommended technology of its application, you can significantly speed up and reduce the cost of the process of building a house.

Components, manufacture and application of "penoizol"

• For the manufacture of this liquid insulation material, urea-formaldehyde resin is used, intended for cold hardening foams, a foaming agent, orthophosphoric acid and water. Depending on what density of insulation is needed, the consumption of resin added to the composition varies.
• The constituent components are mixed in a mixer of a special gas-liquid apparatus (GZHU) using compressed air, which helps turn all the ingredients into a composition, which, when applied to surfaces, turns into a lush and dense foam.

For spraying "penoizol" it is required special equipment

Sprayed "penoizol", blown out of a special spray gun under air pressure, tightly fills all cracks and cracks on the wall surface, forming a sealed seamless coating. The foam sprayed on the walls is white with a slightly yellow tint. It lays down on the surface in a thin layer, and then begins to expand, filling all the space available to it. Spraying is usually done between posts timber frame... or between the rafters, if the roof is insulated.

• The sprayed and expanded mass of foam sets in 10-15 minutes, and hardens after 3-4.5 hours. The coating gains its final strength in two to three days, after the layers have completely dried out, and at the same time "penoizol" acquires all its thermal insulation qualities.

• Installation of this insulation is carried out in one day, which is three to four times faster than laying thermal insulation material in mats or slabs. In addition, "penoizol" does not require additional supporting materials, such as vapor barrier and windproof membrane, since he himself performs their functions.

Penoizol insulation characteristics

Table of technical characteristics of Penoizol liquid insulation:

Parameter name	Maximum and minimum values
Thermal conductivity coefficient, W / m × ° С	0.028 ÷ 0.047
Density, kg / m³	5 ÷ 75
Compressive strength (at 10% linear deformation), kg / cm²	0.07 ÷ 0.5
Flexural strength, kg / cm²	0.10 ÷ 0.25
Tensile strength, kg / cm²	0.05 ÷ 0.08
Water absorption in 24 hours (by weight),%	10.5 ÷ 20.0
Moisture (by mass),%	5.0 ÷ 20.0
Operating temperature range, ˚С	from - 50 to +120
Lifetime	up to 50 years

The digital characteristics in themselves say a lot, but some of them are worth considering in more detail:

• Thermal conductivity. This parameter is very low, therefore, for wall insulation, 80-100 mm of this heat insulator is enough to significantly reduce heat loss at home. This quality of the material will help to make the heating system of the house much more economical, which compensates for the cost of insulating the house in one or two winters.

The thickness of the heat insulator layer is selected depending on the winter temperatures of the region where the insulation will be carried out, and on the design features of the wall.

• Flammability. "Penoizol" belongs to rather safe groups: flammability - G-1, flammability - V-2, smoke formation - D-1, toxicity of combustion products - T-1.
• Chemical and biological resistance of the heat insulator. Fungus and mold do not form on "penoizol", as it is a breathable material that does not retain moisture on its surface and inside the layers. Rodents do not touch it, and insects do not start inside the insulation. The material does not react in any way to an aggressive environment and most organic solvents.
• Adhesion. In a liquid state, "penoizol" is sufficiently adhesive to almost "grow together" with the surface on which it is sprayed, as it penetrates into all the depressions and irregularities of any material.
• The durability of the insulation is guaranteed by the manufacturer - the terms from 35 to 50 years are declared. Such a duration of operation was justified experimentally in laboratory conditions, with the help of artificial creation of various multiple adverse effects on the material.

Disadvantages of "penoizol"

This liquid insulation also has its own negative qualities, or rather, one thing, but it is it that stops many buyers - these are the toxic substances that are part of "penoizol".

It cannot be said that "penoizol" is an absolutely environmentally friendly material, since it contains formaldehydes. It is they who, during application and polymerization, emit a certain amount of gases that have an unpleasant odor. And, of course, these substances cannot be called useful in any way. However, here it will be appropriate to recall that all non-water-based paints and varnishes do not emit very pleasant odors, and after drying and weathering, not a trace remains of it. So it is with "penoizol" - after the process of its hardening is completed, the unpleasant "aroma" will also disappear.

Prices for the popular liquid thermal insulation TeploPlus

Liquid thermal insulation TeploPlus

Moreover, if you believe the manufacturers, the released harmful substances have an extremely low concentration. This is also confirmed by the hygienic certificate for a similar material. Nevertheless, the choice of a heat insulator remains with the owner of the house to be insulated, especially since there is also a natural liquid insulation on the building materials market - this is ecowool, which will be discussed below.

Ecowool

Ecowool is a natural thermal insulation material used to insulate various surfaces of a house, including walls. It should be noted right away that this heat insulator cannot be unambiguously called liquid, but it can be the main component for a mixture applied in a liquid state.

Ecowool manufacturing materials

Ecowool is made from fluffed cellulose fibers treated with antiseptics and fire retardants, that is, to make it clearer - these are wood and minerals. And unlike other insulation materials, ecowool has not a porous, but a capillary structure.

To be more precise, several types of raw materials are used for the production of this insulation:

• Typographical marriage left over from the printing of magazines and books.
• Waste from the manufacture of corrugated and ordinary packaging cardboard.
• Secondary raw materials, that is, waste paper - old books, newspapers, magazines and the like. This type of raw material is considered second-rate, since it has significant contamination and consists of various materials, so the fibers are not uniform.
• Waste from the pulp industry.

So, ecowool consists of 80% of crushed cellulose fiber, 12% of the total volume is boric acid, which acts as an antiseptic. This substance resists the formation of mold and mildew in high humidity. Sodium tetraborate, a fire retardant, is 8% ecowool - it is designed to increase fire resistance and add insecticidal qualities to the mass that will resist the appearance of nests of various insects.

Ecowool fibers become sticky after they are wetted, due to the lignin contained in them - this is a natural substance contained in plant cells.

This composition is increasingly used to insulate not only residential buildings, but also industrial premises.

Methods for laying insulation based on ecowool

Warming with this material is carried out in different ways:

• Dry method, when ecowool is laid in bulk. This technology is only suitable for horizontal surfaces.

• Laying or installing ecowool, pressed in the form of slabs - this method can also be called dry, but it is applicable to both horizontal and vertical surfaces.
• Wet way. In this case, dry crushed cellulose fibers are mixed with water, and then, using a special installation, the resulting mixture is sprayed onto the surface. This can be used to insulate floors and walls, as well as the roof from the inside.

The mechanism of adhesion of materials in this method is based on the fact that when wet in cellulose, a natural glue, lignin, is activated, and when the composition is blown out under the pressure of air from a pipe, the mixture easily adheres to the surface of the walls, clogging up all gaps and joints. When dry, the composition forms a dense, seamless cover on the wall.

Ecowool spraying using "wet" technology

• The wet-glue method differs from the previous one in that cellulose is mixed not only with water, but also with glue. The glue component is added to increase the adhesive properties of the composition, therefore the adhesion of the eco-insulation to the surface increases several times. The adhesive composition is most often used for insulation work, since it is more reliable than cellulose mixed only with water. PVA glue and similar compositions are used as an adhesive additive. They are diluted in certain proportions with water, and then added to the cellulose mixture.

Equipment for applying ecowool

For spraying work, a factory-made apparatus or a home-made version of it can be used.

• All devices for laying thermal insulation of their liquid ecowool work according to the same principle and have approximately the same configuration:
• The installation must have a receiving hopper for placing shredded cellulose. V homemade models its role is successfully performed by a plastic barrel, which is not difficult to find in hardware stores.

• Turner. In a homemade installation, an electric drill with a mixer attachment is used as it. This element is needed in order to fluff the pulp from the pressed state in which it is in the package.
• The pump that is necessary for efficient and fast running of the liquefied ecowool through the hoses. In self-made options for installation, they are often used different models vacuum cleaners with a blowing function.
• Corrugated flexible pipes having a diameter of 50 ÷ 80 mm, are used as inlet and outlet hoses when spraying material on the surface.
• There are specialized kits for applying wet cellulose, consisting of a pump, hoses and nozzles.

Ecowool performance characteristics

• Thermal conductivity. Ecowool, with high-quality application to the walls, perfectly retains heat inside the building. The thermal conductivity coefficient is only 0.032 ÷ 0.041 W / m × ˚С, and it can quite be called one of the lowest among the most frequently used insulation materials.

Due to the fact that the material sprayed on the surface forms a continuous layer without seams, the occurrence of cold bridges is excluded. Ecowool is lightweight; it is usually applied to walls with a not very thick layer of no more than 100 mm, but it creates excellent insulation for the house. This is due to the naturalness of the insulation, which consists mainly of wood fibers with a capillary structural structure that can hold large volumes of immobilized air inside.

• Soundproofing. Ecowool is an excellent sound absorber. So, its layer of only 100 mm can reduce noise by 60 decibels. This is also due to the fact that the wall covering turns out to be solid, without seams, since noise waves easily penetrate through the same "bridges" that occur at the joints of slab insulation.
• Environmentally friendly insulation. The composition of ecowool was described above, and from this it is clear that the insulation is made from natural materials that do not emit substances harmful to humans.
• Fire resistance. The liquid composition of ecowool contains fire retardants, which increase the fire resistance of the material. But since it consists mainly of cellulose, it is still impossible to achieve complete fire safety, and it is assigned a flammability group G2 (GOST 30244).

However, one must pay tribute to the composition of ecowool - it tends to self-extinguish, and also does not emit toxic substances when smoldering.

Fire retardants contribute to the fact that when the insulation burns, a minimum amount of toxic substances is released. Basically, it is carbon, which does not pose a strong threat to human health.

In the event of fire, during the thermal decomposition of the insulation, water is abundantly released from its structure, which slows down the spread of fire, transferring it to decay, and then to extinction.

• Adhesion. Cellulose mixed with water and glue has a high adhesion to almost any building material.
• Density. Fluff pulp moistened with glue and water, when applied to the surface and dries, creates a layer that has sufficient density to create an air gap between the fibers, which is part of the thermal insulation. The density of ecowool largely depends on the method of its application. So, when laying the wet composition on vertical surfaces, the density is approximately 55 ÷ 65 kg / m³.
• Moisture resistance. Ecowool cannot be called a moisture resistant material - it is capable of absorbing up to 30% moisture from the total mass. But since this insulation is "breathable", the moisture that it absorbs does not stay inside the layers. When dry, ecowool does not lose its original insulation qualities.

Disadvantages of ecowool

This natural insulation also has its drawbacks, which it would also be nice to know about:

• Ecowool shrinks over time, giving a decrease of about 10% of the original volume. Therefore, when laying it, it is recommended to apply a layer slightly thicker than planned to the wall.
• The ecowool layer should not be covered with vapor-proof materials, since it must be able to be ventilated, otherwise it will quickly lose its thermal insulation qualities due to increased internal humidity.
• In order for such a heater to function for a long time and with the required efficiency, it is necessary to carry out a high-quality installation, in compliance with all technological standards, which can only be done by a qualified master - and this will lead to additional costs.

Video: An example of thermal insulation of facade walls with ecowool

The choice of insulation is up to the homeowner. But in any case, when purchasing the material you like, you need to carefully study its technical and operational characteristics and instructions for applying to a particular surface. study the link.

You may be interested in information about what technical characteristics of the insulation

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Author of the publication 10.02.2016

The need for wall insulation is a consequence of the wrong choice of materials, non-compliance with technology during construction work or errors in calculations during design.

One way or another, the problems that have arisen must be solved, and this should be done as soon as possible, while the processes of swelling and destruction of walls from exposure to moisture have not gone too far. The first step should be to study the problem, to understand the impacts that should be stopped (ideally, excluded).

Only after that, it is necessary to carry out the necessary operations that can solve the issues that have arisen and regulate the heat exchange at home, exclude processes that destroy wall material.

The choice between external and internal insulation, with equal opportunities for both methods, should definitely be adopted in favor of the external one. From a physical point of view, only he can be denoted by the term "insulation", internal insulation is, rather, cutting off the walls from contact with warm humid air.

Moreover, if the insulation is located, then the wall receives heat from the inside, which makes it less cooled and does not have a temperature that promotes condensation of water vapor. When installed internally, the insulation becomes an obstacle that does not allow heat to pass out.

At the same time, the wall is able to cool down to almost complete equalization of temperatures on both sides, losing its thermal insulation properties and remaining only a mechanical barrier to external influences.

Dew point

Such use of external walls is unproductive, moreover the dew point moves to the line of contact of the insulation with the wall, causing abundant moisture condensation. Such a disadvantage is a frequent consequence of illiterate actions during internal insulation, and, moreover, the consequences are not immediately noticeable.

Internal insulation is done for two reasons:

• In addition to the outside.
• If it is impossible to carry out work outside - no access, do not allow technical conditions or rules, etc.

If there is no other way out and work is possible only from the inside, you need to understand the causes of condensation and eliminate them with maximum efficiency. First of all, you should remember the basic rule of internal insulation:

The vapor permeability of materials, regardless of the number of layers in the cake, should follow in descending order.

This means that the insulation material must be a more serious barrier to steam than the wall material. This condition provides the ability to remove steam that has passed through the thickness of the insulation to the outside.

Otherwise, the steam will condense on the wall surface (which happens most often)... The problem is that the presence of a heater does not allow the wall to come into contact with the warm internal air, it does not heat up and the steam, upon contact with a cold wall, immediately begins to condense.

Comparison of thermal insulation characteristics of materials

No measures, except for effective vapor protection, work here, and the density of the vapor barrier should tend to the absolute... No matter how gradual the accumulation of moisture, sooner or later it will be enough to start destructive processes - several cycles of freezing and thawing can turn the most durable material into dust.

Hence the conclusion follows - to enhance vapor protection, it is necessary to use the most suitable insulation.

Materials for thermal insulation of walls from the inside

Not every insulation is suitable for internal insulation. It must have a set of properties that ensure the fulfillment of the assigned tasks:

• Low vapor permeability.
• Lack of ability to absorb moisture.
• Lack of discharge harmful to human health.
• Ability to keep shape, rigidity.

These properties are more inherent in these types of insulation:

• Glass wool.
• Ecowool, cellulose.

The materials are not listed in random order, but according to the degree of effectiveness and frequency of use.

Styrofoam

The record holder for use by a large margin is polystyrene foam (PS). Has such positive qualities:

• Light weight.
• Low vapor permeability.
• Rigid structure, slabs have clear dimensions.
• Easy to handle.
• Virtually no water absorption.
• The cheapest insulation.

The combination of such properties rightfully distinguishes him among the leaders. Unfortunately, the material crumbles a lot and is afraid of fire.

Styrofoam

Extruded polystyrene foam

Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) - chemically similar to foam, but structurally different due to the manufacturing method.

In its properties, it even surpasses foam:

• Completely impervious to steam and water.
• More rigid, does not crumble.
• High heat resistance.

At the same time, it costs significantly more than a conventional PPP, which reduces its competitiveness.

Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a material that has all the necessary qualities for internal insulation:

• Close contact with the wall.
• Does not allow moisture or steam to pass through.
• Has no organic matter - does not rot, does not emit hazardous substances.

Wherein, the use of polyurethane foam is limited, since its application requires special equipment and qualified workers, plus, when applied, polyurethane foam emits poisonous fumes. In addition, the price of the insulation itself, plus the cost of work, sharply reduce its demand.

Polyurethane foam

Mineral wool

Mineral wool, glass wool, ecowool, cellulose - traditional materials, they are of little use for internal insulation... Nevertheless, they are used quite often, which is due to the low level of training of users in theoretical terms and adherence to stereotypes.

The qualities of these materials, good in other cases, lose their effect - any type of cotton wool has a fibrous structure, which promotes moisture absorption... No required rigidity, high vapor permeability. Such materials are not recommended for internal insulation.

The wetting of the insulation can be stopped by installing a special vapor barrier film, which will not only protect the material from the penetration of water vapor, but will not allow harmful mineral dust to enter the room.

Mineral wool

What kind of insulation is best for insulating walls from the inside?

NOTE!

The most effective insulation - foam and extruded polystyrene foam... They combine all the most valuable properties both for insulating materials in general and for the specificity in question.

The most useful property is vapor permeability. Polyfoam consists of soldered granules, each of which is a sealed capsule with gas bubbles. A slight absorption of water is possible only through the capillaries between the granules, but its value is very small.

What's better?

EPPS is a foam material consisting of a single substance array. It is impervious to neither steam nor water, there is no absorption at all. If the size of the surface to be insulated is not too large, then the best choice will become EPS.

How to avoid problems with internal insulation?

In order to avoid internal problems insulation, it is necessary to determine the mode of operation of the wall cake and find the location of the dew point.

Ideally, it should be located either inside the wall, or, worse, inside the insulation.

If the dew point is on the border of two materials, then sooner or later condensation will appear due to the slight penetration of vapors through the side walls, through the insulation, loose areas of vaporization, etc.

This situation becomes possible with a large thickness of the insulation (a complete cut-off of the wall from internal heat is created) or with its low vapor permeability (a consequence of the wrong choice of material).

To resolve the issue, you can give several recommendations:

• Insulation thickness... Insulation thicker than 50 mm should not be used.
• Choose only vapor-tight materials forming the most sealed layer.
• Organize effective ventilation of the room... This item is desirable in any case, since the removal of air saturated with steam reduces the partial pressure and the intensity of the effect of steam on the materials of the wall and insulation. When there is nothing to condense, the issue is resolved automatically.
• When installing insulation, proceed carefully, do not skip areas, do not create gaps... It is especially important to tightly wrap the window opening in the areas of the slopes, the window sill and the upper cut. The side walls are also a source of steam, penetration through them, albeit to a lesser extent, occurs. Ideally, the entire room should be isolated, but this is not always possible.

CAREFULLY!

Window unit - a source of steam penetration... It has a lot of slots and gaps around the perimeter between the wall and the box. Before installing the insulation, it is necessary to remove the slopes and the window sill and carefully fill all questionable places with polyurethane foam.

To equalize the steam load, all (not only external) walls can be primed with special compounds that reduce the passage of steam through the wall material. This is especially important for loose, porous materials that tend to absorb moisture.

Is an internal vapor barrier required?

The need for an internal vapor barrier is undeniable. Almost the whole point of internal insulation is to create an airtight boundary between the steam-saturated air and the wall.

At the same time, if the insulation itself is a good vapor barrier (like EPS or EPS), then the presence of a separate layer of roll vapor barrier is not necessary, especially if there is effective supply and exhaust ventilation.

However, to insure against possible microscopic gaps, gaps or other cavities in the insulation, as well as to cut off adjacent walls, an additional vapor barrier is often installed.

If a looser material that allows steam to pass through is used as a heater, then the presence of a full-fledged vapor barrier is required. Attempts to do without it will nullify the whole venture with wall insulation - it will get wet, the condensate will saturate the insulation, which will stop it retaining heat and turn into a moisture accumulator. At this time, the material of the wall will get wet, freeze over and actively disintegrate from this.

Internal insulation loses significantly in efficiency to the external method, and is used only as an additional measure. As an independent measure, such a technique is questionable and requires an understanding of the dynamics of the processes occurring in the wall cake when different temperatures and in different time of the year.

Wall cake

The effect of such a technique often requires a lot of experimentation and changes, which in practice means constant repairs. Therefore, you should act very carefully and carefully in order to try to achieve the desired result on the first try.

In contact with

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside often has to be used to save heat and money in rooms already in use, where outdoor decoration is not possible. And the question of the choice of material for work is becoming the most important. What should you choose? How ? Let's talk about this in this article.

Materials (edit)

Polyfoam, or as it is also called - expanded polystyrene, is produced by polymerizing styrene. The heated and foamed granules can be used on their own by filling in the ceilings. But most often on sale there are plates and blocks pressed from them. This type of insulation has been used for a long time and successfully. It has both advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• high coefficient of thermal insulation;
• convenient for installation (easy to cut with a knife);
• moisture resistant;
• has a low weight;
• high vapor barrier;
• does not require additional waterproofing;
• retains properties for several decades;
• low price.

Minuses:

• fragile;
• low sound insulation;
• combustible (emits harmful substances when burning);
• rodents often start;
• not suitable as insulation for walls inside wooden house(does not allow steam to pass through, which is necessary for proper air circulation in the room).

In order for the selected material to meet all the conditions, you need to use it correctly.

Installation features

Using foam for wall insulation, it is possible to increase thermal insulation even with thin slabs. Due to the fact that the foam does not allow moisture to pass through, there is no need to use additional hydro and vapor barrier.

But, in order for it to work as needed, it is necessary to very carefully seal all joints between the plates and in the places where they are adjacent to the structure. This can be easily done with polyurethane foam. In addition, for some manufacturers, foam boards are made with a stepped edge, which allows them to be joined very tightly to each other.

Perfectly attaches to walls with disc dowels or adhesive. Both methods can be used simultaneously. The adhesive for fixing the foam is best used in the form of foam. This composition acts as an additional insulation.

Due to the strength of the foam, finishing can be done directly on it without building additional frames. Due to its low weight, no wall overload occurs. Compared, for example, with mineral wool, the same foam layer will weigh 2-2.5 times less.

The scheme of wall insulation from the inside with foam

This equally popular insulation is made on the basis of rocks (basalt, slags), therefore it is also called "stone wool". It is produced in rolls and pressed plates. Various density material determines both thermal insulation properties and cost.

But roll option they are used to insulate the ceiling or floor, while slabs are more suitable for walls. This material also has both advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• retains heat well in winter and cool in summer;
• high sound insulation (moreover, the looser material protects from noise, and the denser material protects from the sound of shocks from the outside);
• not flammable;
• on contact with open fire does not emit harmful substances and does not smoke.

Minuses:

• the safety represented by certificates does not always correspond to the declared one;
• during installation, it is necessary to cover hands and face from the ingress of small particles;
• strong moisture absorption (in case of wetting, it loses its insulating properties).

Installation features

As a heater for walls, basalt wool made of very thin fibers is best suited. To work with mineral wool, it is necessary to protect the body and face. Better to work with a respirator.

Choosing mineral wool as a heater, you should not hope for an excellent result. Its main disadvantage is high vapor permeability. It is several times higher in comparison with other materials for thermal insulation.

That is, any moisture from the outside will be easily absorbed. And since wet mineral wool loses its properties, it very quickly ceases to act as a heater. Of course, you can avoid this effect by insulating the cotton wool layer with a film.

It is possible to "solder" the plates into packages, although this will complicate the technology of their fastening to the walls. But all these precautions may be in vain, as soon as small holes appear in the waterproofer. If the cotton wool starts to get wet, it will inevitably lead to smudges or fungus.

If you nevertheless chose mineral wool as a heater, then the easiest way is to lay it in a plasterboard structure, and it is imperative to waterproof it. In addition to its direct purpose, the film is also designed to prevent small particles of cotton wool from entering the room.

This type of insulation is one of the most famous and used previously. But now, thanks to more technologically advanced materials, the use of glass wool is receding into the background. This cotton wool is made from glass waste, which looks like fibers up to 5 cm long.

Pros:

• high resistance to vibration;
• high sound insulation;
• not toxic;
• not flammable;
• high elasticity (can be pressed for storage);
• not subject to the formation of mold and mildew;
• pests and rodents do not start in it;
• low cost.

Minuses:

• short service life;
• some formulations contain formaldehyde;
• you need to work in a protective suit.

Installation features

The very first thing to think about before installing glass wool insulation is to protect the face and body. If the smallest particles of cotton wool get on the skin, it will cause severe itching. If inhaled, irreversible and serious health problems are likely. Throw away all clothing and respirator after work.

For laying glass wool, a crate sewn with plasterboard is used. Insulation is placed in the empty space, previously covered with a layer of film. You can first put cotton wool in the crate, cover it with a waterproofer, and then sew it up with drywall.

It is a modern and safe insulation made of cellulose, boric acid and an antiseptic composition. Externally it is a loose, gray material.

Pros:

• natural composition;
• hypoallergenic;
• high thermal insulation;
• does not shrink and moves even in an upright position;
• can be used on metal structures;
• high sound insulation;
• fungus does not appear in it;
• not flammable;
• installation by spraying will fill all cracks.

Minuses:

• special equipment is required for installation (installation is carried out by specialists);
• may start to smolder from high temperature(next to the fireplace, chimney);
• higher cost.

Installation features

To insulate the walls with ecowool, a special blowing unit is used, which crushes and then blows the ecowool through a hose. Due to the high pressure and fine structure, the material penetrates into all cracks and hard-to-reach places, covering the surface with a continuous monolithic layer.

You can also blow ecowool into the finished cavities. If the surface is deaf, then small technological holes are drilled through which the material is blown out. It can also be used for soundproofing interior partitions.

This modern heat insulator is similar in appearance to ordinary paint. It contains antiseptic additives that prevent the occurrence of fungus. Compared to conventional insulation, for example, mineral wool, a 1 mm layer of hard ceramic insulation will be equal in terms of thermal insulation characteristics to a 50 mm layer of mineral wool.

Pros:

• service life is several tens of years;
• no vapor barrier required;
• very easy to install;
• does not complicate further finishing;
• does not reduce the area of ​​the room;
• does not load walls;
• good adhesion to any materials.

Perhaps the only drawback of this solution will be its higher cost compared to other heaters.

Installation features

Since the composition of the liquid-ceramic insulation is similar to ordinary paint, its installation is carried out in the same way - with a brush, roller or spray gun. The last option preferable, as the insulation under pressure will fill all cracks and hard-to-reach places. In addition, the consumption of a spray gun is lower than when using a roller.

Liquid insulation does not change its operational properties even at temperatures from -60 to +250 C⁰. The absence of vapor and waterproofing makes the work much easier.

General requirements for materials

Insulation of walls from the inside is not always a measure of use, but if you decide on it, then there really is a need for this.

To do everything right and achieve the desired result, you need to comply with a number of material requirements:

• low conductivity of heat from the inside and cold outside;
• long service life, the insulation should not slip and deform;
• the material must be non-flammable and not emit toxic substances when smoldering;
• water resistance and ability to repel moisture;
• environmental friendliness;
• vapor permeability;
• the material should not attract rodents and be convenient for arranging their holes;
• compactness, which is especially important for small houses.

What material to use

When choosing a material for insulating walls from the inside, you need to focus on its main properties. So the foam does not allow air to pass through, does not breathe, but it can be easily mounted without requiring a frame. Glass wool, on the other hand, easily absorbs moisture, requires careful handling and must be placed in a frame.

Ecowool is environmentally friendly, but it needs to be applied with special devices and preferably for specialists, this increases the cost of insulation. Liquid ceramics are quite expensive, but they do not require the creation of additional structures and do not reduce the area of ​​the room.

Whether you choose a low cost, environmental friendliness, moisture resistance or easy installation, remember that the main thing is to follow all the rules of insulation technology.

Wall insulation technology from the inside

No less important than the choice of material will be the observance of all the rules for the installation and operation of the heat insulator.

In order for the insulation to serve for a long time and efficiently, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

1. Provide necessary insulation by accurate calculation of materials. You can calculate the amount of material required by knowing the area required for insulation and being guided by the tables on the packaging of the insulation.
2. Fasten the heat insulator tightly to the base. In order to avoid vaporization, which will occur in the air space between the heat insulator and the wall, it is necessary to try to avoid gaps between these two planes.
3. The heat insulator layer must be closed moisture-proof film.
4. Do not install sockets, switches, and other devices that require through holes in the casing of the heat insulator. This is done for reasons of the tightness of the waterproofer, the holes in which will lead to the passage of moisture to the insulation and, ultimately, to its deterioration.
5. Ensure tightness of joints and the abutment of the material to the walls.
6. Before starting work, make sure that the surfaces are dry.

Getting started with wall insulation, you first need to properly prepare these very walls. For this, wooden surfaces are impregnated with antiseptic primers, concrete and brickwork is cleaned of dust and dirt, and is well dried.

Further, if necessary, the frame is assembled, into which the insulation will subsequently fit. The frame is necessary in the case of using mineral wool, glass wool, or similar sheet or roll insulation, if it is not possible to stick them on the walls. For the construction of the frame, it is best to use a material similar to the material of the walls.

So if you insulate wooden house, then it is better to assemble the frame from wooden bars, impregnating them with special antifungal compounds. If the room is built of bricks or concrete, then it would be better to use metal profiles.

Fastening of insulation to the walls takes place depending on the type of material selected. So soft sheets or rolls are stacked in the crate, the foam is simply glued to the walls, the sprayed insulation is blown out with special devices, respectively.

The cost of insulation materials

Prices for building materials for wall insulation from the inside vary quite a lot. For some sellers, the cost depends on the volume of the purchase, and you can get a discount from a large batch:

The cost is approximate, check it on the websites of material sellers.

Also, to the cost of wall insulation work, it is necessary to add not only waterproofing films and fittings necessary for installation, but also think about the fact that if the room was already residential, then after wall insulation it will be necessary to make repairs.

1. When buying fragile materials(foam), it is worth taking them with a margin.
2. Pay attention to the main indicator heaters - thermal conductivity.
3. Insulation materials must be environmentally friendly.
4. All joints (heat insulator or waterproofing films) are very tight. The overlapping film is connected with adhesive tape, and the joints between the layers of the insulation are sealed with polyurethane foam or acrylic sealants.
5. Insulate partitions that are adjacent to the outer wall.
6. For additional moisture reduction on windows special control valves are installed.
7. Ask sellers quality certificates.