What pipes to make ventilation in the bath. How to make proper ventilation in the bath: methods and options

Ventilation in the bath with your own hands? - easily, the event can be carried out by a man without professional skills. Why do you even need to monitor how to properly ventilate the bath? The answer is obvious. Right arranged ventilation in the bath affects the maintenance of the temperature regime in the locker room, washing room, steam room, or relaxation room. The second, but no less significant impact, the movement of air masses has on safety wooden structureand the service life of its parts.

When designing a bath complex and its design, it is necessary to take into account that the ventilation of the bath complex must be carried out taking into account the established rules, supplemented by subtle nuances. Information on how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands, with detailed instructions, photos and videos, it is enough. We will outline the main stages of installing air exchange inside the sauna space and the steam room below.

Correctly arranged ventilation in the bath is guaranteed to keep the temperature at a comfortable level inside the steam room. Extending the service life of wooden structures.

The operation of the ventilation system based on the well-known laws of physics, as well as the ventilation scheme, is clear and does not raise any questions. To fulfill the condition of air circulation in a constant mode, we need only a couple of holes of two types:

exhaust;
supply.

Fresh air in the room will provide an air inlet. Best location supply ventilation in the bathhouse - near the stove, at a height as close as possible to the floor. This arrangement will provide rapid heating of the incoming air, preventing it from cooling the room, maintaining a constant temperature.

The scheme of air movement inside the steam room.

The hood slots are necessary to remove superheated humid air and carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) from the steam room. The exhaust openings should be positioned opposite, as high as possible, slightly below the edge of the ceiling. It is advisable to place both lugs opposite each other in order to effectively create and maintain a continuous exchange of air.

Attention! Do not plan to locate the exhaust outlet directly in the ceiling! The hole for the air masses in the ceiling leads to a sharp cooling of the bath, preventing the hot masses from lingering.

With the concept of the location of the supply and exhaust openings, everything is clear and there are no problems in organizing work on the ventilation device in the bath with your own hands. But the challenge of maintaining a high temperature in the steam room and at the same time effectively removing exhaust air and carbon monoxide remains open.

You should also pay attention that the ventilation in the bath must work to maintain an acceptable temperature in the rooms for hygiene procedures, in the dressing room, and in other parts of the room: in the dressing room, in the washing room and in the rest room. And if you are faced with the task of introducing a ventilation scheme in a steam room with your own hands, you should think about how to do the job correctly.

Correct air circulation in the bath

Basic types of ventilation

There are two main types of ventilation:

natural;
forced.

Which one to choose is determined depending on the design of the bath and the volume of its premises.

Ventilation using an electronic control unit

Natural ventilation of the bath

It starts up on its own due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside the room and outside. The effectiveness of natural flows depends on the placement of the air inlet and outlet. Better and optimal when the feed holes are close to the floor. Place them at a height of 200-350 mm, next to the stove. It is better to place the exhaust pipes of the hood on the opposite wall, below the ceiling level of 150-200 mm.

Ventilation systems with natural movement air is not suitable for ventilation of a steam room or sauna, since cold air in this room accumulates on the bottom of the floor, and hot air at the top. We need the hot streams to stay in the steam room as long as possible.

Adjusting the movement of the air flow is accompanied by difficulties, but with the correct location of the components of the ventilation system with your own hands, you can cope with this problem.

Natural ventilation for the steam room is not desirable, it is advisable to organize it in the recreation area

Forced ventilation

This kind of air recirculation in the steam room of a Russian bath or Finnish sauna can be divided into two subspecies:

Ventilation controls temperature and humidity by automating the electronic system, by automatically adjusting the flow and filtration. Systems like these are expensive and often under budget.
The combined ventilation system assumes the joint use of normal natural air exchange in combination with a forced fan.

The scheme of internal ventilation ducts in the wall of the bath

Ventilation in the bath depends on the type of construction

The natural movement of air, with the correct location of the ventilation holes and their size corresponding to the volume of the premises, works well in a Russian bath, assembled from round logs or timber.

The structure of the steam room frame must be airtight. It is advisable in frame baths from a bar, use forced ventilation. Supply vents are arranged in outside wall steam room and must be additionally equipped with a blower. In bath structures made of brick or concrete blocks, it is possible to achieve high-quality air movement only by forced ventilation.

Depending on what material the bathhouse is built from, a ventilation system is selected.

We plan ventilation in the bath: subtleties and nuances

Before proceeding to the choice of the ventilation scheme in the bath and the device of its design with your own hands, you need to understand the subtleties and nuances of design.

Carefully! Even a minor mistake in the location of the air supply and exhaust openings leads to unpleasant consequences. In the steam room, either the desired hot temperature drops or the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) increases.

The ventilation system is laid down at the design stage of structures - the necessary channels are planned and the location of the intake and exhaust windows is determined. During the construction of the bath, adjustable windows are installed after the decorative paneling of the room. The organization of the exchange of air masses in the room and the question "How to make ventilation in the bath" must be solved at the design stage.

Ventilation ducts for the dressing room, bathroom, steam room, rest room, as well as openings for the flow of fresh air and the removal of a mixture of carbon monoxide gases, including moist air masses, must be installed at the appropriate stages of construction. At the stage of finishing the premises, valves and grilles are installed to control the dimensions of the supply and exhaust openings and the cross-sections of the ventilation ducts.

Basically, two factors affect the effective functioning of the bath ventilation:

size of ventilation windows... Both supply and exhaust air openings are determined by the amount of space, be it a dressing room, washing room, steam room or relaxation room;
location of slots relative to each other.

1. Size of ventilation openings

The dimensions of the slots depend on the number and volume of rooms: a dressing room, a steam room, a bath room or a recreation room. It is necessary to select the optimal size of these holes, as well as to ensure the possibility of its adjustment. Install the door flap and grill to adjust the gap in the holes. The exhaust opening is made with approximately the same dimensions as the dimensions of the inlet opening. In any case, the "hood" should not be less than the "supply", otherwise it is impossible to ensure a full outflow of humid and carbon monoxide air from the steam room.

In the photo on the left. ventilation opening with a slider for adjusting the amount of fresh air. Keep in mind that with a large number of ventilation windows, it is more difficult to heat the sauna room to the correct temperature.

Large ventilation windows result in excessive consumption of fuel or electricity. In addition, problems arise with the adjustment of the cross-section of the ventilation ducts. It is difficult to relax if you constantly have to change the position of each valve.

IMPORTANT! The dimensions of the ventilation opening are calculated as 24 cm2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the ventilated area. For a good supply of fresh air from outside, the outlet lug must be larger than the inlet.

If the area of the ventilation lugs is insufficient, the temperature, humidity and concentration of carbon monoxide in the room can rise to critical levels.

The required size of the ventilation opening is designed at the rate of 24 sq. Cm per 1 cubic meter of bath volume

2. Location of ventilation openings relative to each other

The functioning of any ventilation system is based on replacing the mass of hot air with cold air. The movement takes place under the pressure of cold air from the outside, since it is heavier. It remains only to provide for the possibility of adjusting the direction of the flow of hot air coming from the oven installed in the bath.

For this reason, steam room ventilation is not limited to equipping a single inlet. It is necessary to plan two windows. To optimize the heat flow, it is enough to use a valve - the gate valves to adjust the gaps of a certain width in the holes.

Schematic representation of the placement of ventilation holes in the steam room. Fresh inflow and removal of contaminated air masses.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

Collect ventilation in the bath with my own hands, it's easier if you stick to simple rule... The quality indicators of the ventilation system in the bath are laid down at the initial stage of design work. In the bath, the circulating air flows in the premises, have a pronounced temperature difference, to level the discomfort from this mixing is the main task.

IMPORTANT! A comfortable atmosphere in a bathhouse depends not only on the absence of sudden changes in temperature "horizontally", that is, when moving from one room to another: from the relaxation room to the dressing room or from the steam room to the washing room. Synchronous mixing of air masses in a vertical plane is necessary: the air temperature near the floor should not be significantly lower than the temperature at the level of human height.

The microclimate in the bath is directly influenced by the number, size and location of ventilation windows.

The uniformity of intake, mixing and removal of air masses depends on the number of supply and exhaust openings, their size and location relative to each other, as well as heating devices and equipment of additional devices.

Block diagram of the ventilation device in the bath

Any scheme ventilation system in the steam room is designed with one goal in mind - maintaining the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. Bathrooms, especially steam rooms, are exposed to water and steam, so periodic ventilation and drying is required. But ventilation and drying will be ineffective if proper ventilation in the bath is not organized. Correct and continuous ventilation steam room significantly reduces the effects of moisture absorption by wood.

Bath ventilation controls the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room.

Do-it-yourself floor ventilation in the bath

Air exchange in baths and saunas also provides a ventilated floor.
in constant contact with water lose appearance and become unusable after 4 years. Ventilation requirements organized by means of the floor:

it is necessary to create a stream, and make a small vent in the foundation part of the building;
the floor should be laid, leaving a gap of 1 cm between the boards;
position the supply air openings in parallel walls (remembering to protect the control grilles from rodents);
it is advisable to make the stove work as an additional hood, for this it is necessary to plan the level of the finished floor above the blowing;
it is necessary after the completion of the water procedures, leave the door to the steam room open until the floor in the room becomes dry.

Bath ventilation - general scheme of the system

Ventilation in the bathhouse dressing room

There is no direct contact with water in the dressing room. That is why, making ventilation with your own hands in the wardrobe room, armed with photographs and videos with instructions, will not be difficult.

Use natural or hybrid ventilation. Use a fan to supply fresh air. Install ventilation openings with ventilators that require direct access to the street and power connection with a power cable.

In the dressing room, natural and combined ventilation is allowed.

Ventilation in the washing area

To optimize air exchange in the washroom, a forced ventilation system is used. It is driven by an electric motor. The air flow is removed in the direction of the vestibule (vestibule). The air supply and exhaust duct is mounted with the same cross-section. section. The inlet opening is located above ground level (2 m) and the outlet of the branch pipe is brought out to the roof.

Steam bath ventilation

Special requirements apply to the microclimate of the steam room. The steam room must be quickly warmed up, while maintaining the optimum humidity level and without drafts. Thus, the actual position and dimensions of the inlet and outlet channels, which are used in the construction of the bath, are very important for the steam room.

To regulate the inflow and outflow of air, the valves in the ventilated openings are sufficient. A large volume of space will most likely require a blower or exhaust fan.

Scheme: ventilation in a steam room

We have brought the typical schematic diagrams ventilation design in the bath. Videos and images, attached instructions will surely help those who want to build a bath complex on their own. We wish you the earliest possible embodiment of your dreams in concrete forms!

Going to the bathhouse is not only one of the ways to wash, but also to remove accumulated toxins and harmful substances from the body. The health-improving effect of the bath can be felt if the ventilation holes are properly arranged and the air is constantly renewed. Correctly mounted ventilation in the bath is the first necessity. Without it, musty, stagnant air violates the microclimate in the steam room and, together with high humidity, provokes the formation of fungi and mold.

Arrangement of exhaust and supply structures in the washing part of the bath and the steam room allows you to keep the building in its original form, to protect it from premature aging, wear and decay. Ventilation is quite easy to assemble with your own hands, if you adhere to some rules.

Positive aspects of good ventilation

Ventilation plays a huge role in bath rooms equipped with solid fuel and gas ovens... During operation of such devices, an impressive volume of air is required in order to maintain combustion. The lack of a ventilation system, as a result - an excess of carbon dioxide, can provoke oxygen starvation of people.

Ignorant self-taught sauna masters try to isolate the premises as carefully as possible in order to increase the heating rate and keep the heat for a long time. To do this, they close everything, even the smallest cracks, insulate the doorway so that a cold air stream does not enter inside. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to arranging a bath, ventilation holes must be present. A properly planned ventilation system contributes to:

creating the right microclimate;
decrease in humidity;
getting rid of carbon dioxide;
elimination of unpleasant, musty air;
fast warming up of the room;
getting rid of mold and disease-causing fungi;
preservation interior decoration;
quick draining and getting rid of excess moisture.

As you can see, constant circulation of air masses in the bath rooms is really necessary. In order to qualitatively mount ventilation in a bath, you need to familiarize yourself with its varieties and installation schemes.

Types of ventilation systems

Ventilation structures are distinguished by the type of device. The following types are commonly used:

natural;
forced (mechanical);
combined.

Natural ventilation

For good natural ventilation of the room, even during construction, special openings are provided through which air exchange takes place. They are equipped with special covers or dampers so that, if necessary, the circulation of air masses can be stopped.

The basis of this type of ventilation system is the pressure and temperature difference between the street and inside baths. The effectiveness of this method lies in the correct location of the vents. The place for air intake is usually located behind the stove 0.3 m from the floor, and for extension - on the opposite wall about 0.3 m from the ceiling.

This option for providing ventilation for the steam room is not entirely suitable. Ventilation in the steam room must be arranged in such a way that the outlet is at the same level as the inlet. The incoming air heats up, passing through the oven, rises upward, and then the cooled air goes down and enters the exhaust hole. All vents can be closed if necessary to keep warm.

The effectiveness of this method can be increased by lowering the second hole closer to the floor and installing fans, but this option will already be considered mechanical.

Forced ventilation

Mechanical ventilation of the room is carried out by installing special fans on the vents. This contributes to a fairly rapid air renewal, which is indispensable in a room such as a washing room. This ventilation method is convenient when the steam in the bath is pumped in by a special device, its excess is easily removed.

An artificial ventilation system has a number of advantages over a natural one:

It is possible to filter the incoming air.
The microclimate is constantly maintained at a given level.
The heated air masses are distributed evenly.

The forced ventilation system in terms of its qualities is much higher than the natural one. However, in any case, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct location of the ventilation ducts.

Ventilation holes: layouts

How to make ventilation in a bath correctly is an interesting question. There are several different layouts of exhaust and supply ducts.

Scheme 1

Both openings (inlet and outlet) are located on the same wall opposite the stove. Air enters from an outlet located about 0.3 m from the floor, and exits into the second, located 0.3 m from the ceiling. Cold air masses entering the room are heated from the stove, rise up and, having made a circle, are pulled out. This scheme is very convenient if only one wall of the steam room faces the street.

Scheme 2

Sometimes the oven itself (the stove) is used as a hood. This ventilation option works only with a constant heating stove and functions according to the following principle:

the supply channel is located at the bottom opposite the heater;
exhaust work is performed by the blower and the chimney;
the air that gets into the bath warms up, rises up;
having made a semicircle, the cooled air masses go down, then go out into the street from the chimney.

Scheme 3

The following diagram shows how to make ventilation in a steam room with a slatted (flowing) floor. In such a room, only one air outlet is installed. It is located behind the stove. With this arrangement of the ventilation system, the cooled air descends through the grate into the basement, from where it is sent outside through the chimney raised to the roof.

Such a ventilation system allows you to simultaneously establish correct air exchange and dry the floor. This method significantly increases the service life of the wood coating.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

For a Russian steam room, where steam was always prepared manually, none of the forced ventilation schemes is suitable. With this arrangement of ventilation openings, all healthy steam, which is hardly prepared, will escape. You can freshen up such a room by simply ventilating it or by equipping a small grate at the bottom of the door.

Turkish bath ventilation

The ventilation of such a steam room must be very effective. A Turkish bath or hammam has almost 100% humidity generated by steam generators. Therefore, in an hour of operation, the air in the room must be changed several times.

Another feature of such a bath is education a large number condensate, which must also be discharged. For this, special air dryers are installed in the exhaust pipes.

Ventilation in a brick bath

The peculiarity of a brick bath is in the material from which it is made. Brick is quite hygroscopic and absorbs moisture easily. Without high-quality ventilation, such a bath will very quickly become unusable and you will have to dry not only the interior decoration elements, but also the walls.

In such rooms, the inflow and outflow of air must be very active. The vents are equipped in such a way that it is possible to regulate the flows.

Features of the ventilation system in the bath

Now it is more or less clear how the ventilation system should work. But you need to take into account other points, the ventilation system should not:

violate temperature regime in room;
allow a cold stream to the ceiling;
remove fresh air, but only already exhausted.

If you pay attention to all the specified subtleties, follow the suggested tips, then it is not difficult to build a ventilation system with your own hands. This will significantly save money, because the call of the master will cost a pretty decent amount.

Ventilation in the bath is an obligatory structural element. Without a full air exchange and fresh air flow, even the highest quality wooden building is capable of completely deteriorating in 2-3 years. However, even in this short period of time, bathers will have to enjoy such "delights" as dampness, unpleasant smell, lack of fresh air.

Therefore, the installation of the ventilation system must be approached with all responsibility. This is not difficult. Moreover, in most small private baths (especially with the "Russian bath" mode), natural ventilation is the most optimal. And its construction, in contrast to the forced analogue, does not require the installation of expensive fans. And in some saunas, it is generally created "by itself" - only due to a suitable design of the steam room.

How does the natural ventilation system work?

Natural ventilation is activated by air convection, which occurs when there is a difference in pressure (temperature) in the room (bath) and outside.

According to the laws of physics, heated air in a room always rises up, and cold air descends to the floor. The main task of ventilation in the bath is to provide an influx of fresh air (cold) and displace exhaust (warm). Therefore, when planning natural ventilation the inlet is usually located below the outlet. Then warm air, rising upward, comes out through the exhaust shaft. At the same time, a vacuum (low pressure) is created in the room and fresh cool air is drawn in through the inflow near the floor. Gradually, it warms up again, rises and displaces a portion of the exhaust air through the hood. This ensures continuous convection and natural ventilation.

Air vents, vents, stove chimney can be used as hoods in a bath with natural ventilation. The air inflow is carried out through the crowns of the walls (in chopped baths), ajar doors, ventilation openings. Both supply and exhaust openings (air vents, vents) are equipped with shutters or adjustable grilles. This helps to control air exchange in the room and prevent drafts.

There are several options for natural ventilation. Each of them has its own advantages, special functionality and some restrictions on use.

Option 1. Volley ventilation - ventilation

In small Russian baths, volley ventilation is common. This is the usual ventilation, which is performed either after bath procedures, or between visits to the steam room. Volley ventilation contributes to a quick change of air, drying of the surfaces of the steam room.

With volley ventilation, the role of ventilation holes is played by a door and a window, located on opposite walls. To change the air, they are opened for a short time after vaping (or between visits to the steam room). Depending on the direction in which the pressure drop is directed, the air will move from the window to the door or vice versa.

The role of the salvo ventilation is to freshen the air in the steam room without cooling the walls. Therefore, the airing time is short - 1-2 minutes is enough.

Option # 2. Ventilation with outflow through the chimney

A stove with a chimney can be the driving force behind ventilation. When the fuel burns, the exhaust air is drawn into the furnace blower and exits through the chimney. In order for the flow of fresh air to be carried out, a gap of about 5-10 mm is made at the bottom of the door. Or they do not close it tightly during the procedures. In log baths, when a fire burns in a stove, air from the street is drawn in through the loosely fitted lower crowns.

Ventilation by means of air outflow through the chimney is only possible when maintaining a fire in the stove. If the fuel combustion does not persist during vaping (for example, in "smoke" saunas or in a stove for short-term operation), the air change will not be performed. A more versatile ventilation system will be required.

Option # 3. Air exchange through vents

Air exchange carried out through special vents - universal look natural ventilation. It allows you to gradually change the air in the steam room several times during vaping (ideally 5-6 times per hour). With proper planning of such ventilation, drafts and a decrease in surface temperature will not be observed.

An exhaust outlet is usually arranged under the ceiling, above the top shelf. It has dimensions of 15-20 cm, it can be square or round. The hood is closed with a removable plug or a sliding flap (door), with which you can change the dimensions of the hood and the degree of air exchange.

A few more rules:

It is undesirable to place ventilation openings at the same level opposite each other. It is highly likely that fresh air entering the steam room will immediately fly out into the hood. This excludes full air circulation, but leads to the formation of a draft.
The linear dimensions of the hood, ideally, should match the dimensions of the inlet. Or be bigger. If the dimensions of the hood deviate downward, new clean air will not enter the bath.
If you want to increase the outflow of exhaust air, the dimensions of the hood make it larger than the supply outlet. Or they arrange 2 hoods for 1 inlet.

For inflow clean air in the steam room, an inlet is equipped, as a rule, 0.2-0.4 m from the floor surface. It can be on the same wall as the hood, or on the opposite side. It is desirable - next to the stove, so that the incoming air has time to heat up and enters the steam zone already warm. The inlet is closed with a ventilation grill so that air is drawn into the room in separate streams, and not in a continuous stream.

Step-by-step installation instructions

The classic workflow is as follows:

Two holes with transverse dimensions of 100-200 mm are made in the walls of the bath. It is advisable to form air vents at the construction stage so that later you do not have to carve them into finished walls... One hole is made behind the stove (or next to it), at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. The other is on the opposite wall, diagonally, at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling.
Boxes are installed in the holes. They can be bought ready-made - made of metal or plastic. In chopped baths, it is better to use wooden boxes made of planks.
A ventilation grill is placed on the inlet opening, and a valve on the exhaust outlet. If one of the holes faces the street, outside an insect screen is installed on the box.

But this order of work is not the only correct one - it all depends on what kind of structure you have and what kind of duct scheme you have chosen.

The advantages and disadvantages of such a system

Among the advantages of natural ventilation, the most significant are:

simple device and easy installation;
low cost - natural ventilation does not require the installation of expensive forced fans;
efficiency in work - allows you to avoid spending for electricity;
reliability - the absence of mechanical devices makes natural ventilation practically "eternal", not subject to breakdowns and not requiring repairs.

There are also disadvantages:

the dependence of the strength of ventilation on the temperature difference in the steam room and outside;
in autumn and winter, cold air coming from the inlets reduces the temperature in the steam room, drafts may occur;
smells from the street.

Agree, the disadvantages are insignificant. In a small bathhouse located on its own site, natural ventilation is the most rational decision... If there are no pools and large sinks inside, there is no point in overpaying for mechanical fans (for forced air exchange). If, for some reason, natural ventilation does not cope with the functions assigned to it, you can transform it into mechanical ventilation at any time - just put fans on the holes!

To determine the value of ventilation in the bath you should know its purpose:

Rapid warming up of the room, even distribution of heat. Savings in heating costs.
Constant renewal of air while vaping. This is necessary for the comfort and health of vacationers.
Quick removal of humid air. Implementation of mandatory drying of the room.
Preservation of the building for a longer time. No mold or mildew appear. Objects do not deform, do not change color under the influence of moisture.

Without ventilation or lack of ventilation unpleasant odors gradually accumulate in the room, the air becomes damp. Fresh air does not come in, it becomes more difficult to breathe. There is a risk of poisoning from accumulating carbon monoxide. Without ventilation, gradually all the warm air will go up, and the cooling air will accumulate below.

Correct ventilation system in baths

In baths made of natural logs any punching holes for ventilation is considered unnecessary. The lower rims of the walls are laid with the installation of holes through which a moderate amount of fresh air flows. If there is a heater-stove, in which the blower is simultaneously designed to remove air to the outside, you can limit yourself to its presence. Air is allowed in through an open door, a gap of 5-7 mm is enough.

Ventilation is designed for regular intake of fresh air into the bath, outflow of cooled and humid air. For fresh air flow need to build vents... If they are not there, then you can use the vents, doors. The exhaust also takes place through special openings, the blower of the furnace can be used, the chimney is of great importance in the outflow of steam. In order to be able to fully control the air exchange, the holes are equipped with locks, which can be adjusted to stop or resume the flow of air.

There is a large list of ventilation systems:

Opposite inlet and outlet openings use the same level. In some cases, the low placement of the inlet helps to retain heat for a longer time. To activate air exchange, a fan is installed; an air duct or deflector can also be used. Holes cannot be exactly aligned. As a result of the rapid release of air, accumulations of cold air can form at the bottom, and warm ones in the rest of the bath.
The air currents directed by the operating ventilation device reduce the pressure inside the duct. The exhaust air is drawn out due to the decrease in pressure inside the bath. To build up the pressure again, fresh air is supplied.
The vents can be positioned in this way: the supply air is 30 cm from the floor, the outlet located opposite does not reach the ceiling by 30 cm. Fresh air immediately heats up from the stove, rises up, gradually leaving the room.

To ensure constant control over the speed and volume of incoming and outgoing air, dampers are created... It is advisable to make them retractable, opening them to the required distance. The length of the air duct is determined by the size of the bath, as well as the maximum volume of required incoming air.

When the room is only heated with a preheated oven, all openings should be covered. When the temperature becomes optimal for vaping, the valves are slightly opened, they are immediately adjusted so that the exchange of air does not change the temperature in the room. Both inlet and outlet openings must have a connector close to the same. To increase the flow of fresh air, you can slightly enlarge the outlet.

The inlet connector should not be larger than the outlet. This leads to a reverse draft, which facilitates the release of fresh air from the bath, and not its active circulation.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

In a classic bath, created according to the Russian model, special holes are not made therefore air exchange should be done in a more natural way. Usually, conventional ventilation is used to supply a stream of fresh air. You can open the door leading to the street and the window opposite to it. Sometimes a forced draft is used when the door is open. To better get rid of the accumulating dampness, you should promptly sweep the leaves from the broom. When very wet, benches and other wooden objects can be dried; sometimes, swings of sheets are used. These procedures will not allow the formation of heavy steam, remove unpleasant odors and decay products from the room.

After the bath is aired and dried, you need to start making steam... To do this, pour water on the stones in small portions. The prepared steam quickly rises up and remains there for a long time, so it may turn out that the top is already very hot, and the bottom is still cool. If the temperature difference is large, you can wait for the steam to descend or use artificial methods to lower it.

It is enough to work with brooms to create movement in the steam room, the air will immediately mix. Towel or broom sweeps should be carried out closer to the ceiling.

You can make a fan: on the wooden handle there is a stainless steel loop on which the fabric is pulled. Horizontal or vertical movements are made by this unit to move warm and cold air. Sometimes they start using it when making steam. To do this, one person pours water on the stones, and the second works as a fan.

In the steam room

V classic schemes bath ventilation is supposed air flow into the steam room from below... The hole is usually located less than half a meter from the floor. The hood can be placed close to the ceiling by making a hole on the opposite wall. Regulation of the level of humidity and heat of the air is carried out by extending or closing the dampers.

The best option, especially for a small steam room, is to create an inlet next to the stove. This is necessary to instantly warm up the incoming fresh air. This arrangement will not allow strong drafts to form, it helps to avoid large temperature differences in different parts of the steam room. The heat from the steam room can not only be taken out into the street, but also moved to other rooms for high-quality heating.

Correct ventilation works by drawing fresh air under the box. Air masses leave the device through the upper opening. The steam room warms up evenly enough until warm air reaches the bottom of the box. Hot air will gradually displace colder air, providing warming up before leaving the room. The steam room heats up and dries up at the same time.

In the dressing room of the bath

The ventilation duct is directly connected to the duct, the diameter of which usually exceeds the chimney by no more than 20%. With these parameters, oxygen fills the room, and does not leave it. No air supply is required from the subfloor.

The walls of the stove, if there is one in the dressing room, must be placed close to the floor... The shelves do not have to be in a strictly horizontal position. They are able to slow the rise of heat towards the ceiling. For better absorption of warm air, it is better to equip the stove with several chimneys.

Sometimes during the heating of the bath, a large amount of smoke is formed and retained in the room. This means that the air inside the dressing room is colder than in environment... Cold air is somewhat more massive than warm air, therefore it often creates a shell in chimneys. In order to push this air out, it is necessary to equip an additional ash-burning door.

Forced ventilation

Bath ventilation with electronic systems carried out if it is impossible to ensure good air circulation by natural means. The fans can be installed on both the inlet and outlet. They accelerate the movement of air masses, providing the room with fresh air, quickly removing moist air.

Exhaust ventilation

The design of this ventilation always contains exhaust fan... For air circulation, a supply air is necessarily constructed. Sometimes cracks in the walls are used to supply fresh air, windows or doors are slightly opened. Dignity exhaust ventilation is the decrease in the pressure in the bath. The action must be compensated for by a constant flow of air from outside.

Ventilation with a powerful exhaust hood perfectly removes harmful gases, humid air with an unpleasant odor. It is possible to construct such a ventilation system not only in the steam room, but also in showers, washing rooms, departments with a pool or in bathrooms. Typically, the basic set of an exhaust ventilation system includes a fan and a duct. If the device is too noisy, you can use a silencer.

Forced ventilation

It is installed according to the exhaust principle, however the fan must be placed on the inlet... When the supply ventilation system is activated, an increase in pressure in the room is observed, which should be compensated for in a timely manner by the release of air through the hood or gaps in the walls, floor, ceiling, through the vents, door.

Supply fans are not considered convenient if they will work with cold temperature... In winter, they supply icy air, which must be additionally heated with pre-installed air heaters. If it is necessary to clean a large amount of incoming air, filters can be used.

Supply and exhaust ventilation

Combination of artificial inflow and exhaust air is often equipped with recuperators, silencers, filters. Additional devices provide comfort while in the bath, while constant, good air circulation is observed. In order not to worry about ventilation, you can equip it with an automatic control unit.

The creation of a design for supply and exhaust artificial ventilation often causes difficulties. It is necessary to calculate the optimal air exchange in all rooms of the bath even at the stage of its design. The amount of outgoing air must correspond to the incoming one. Sometimes the air currents are deliberately not balanced. To prevent the spread of excessive humidity or unpleasant odors from a certain room, the pressure in the room is artificially lowered. For this, a hood is installed with a higher intensity than in other rooms.

When arranging ventilation in the bath, you should take care not only of the steam room, but also of other important rooms. To save on heating costs, you can use the warm air generated in the steam room, taking it not outside, but through other rooms. By adapting the ventilation system to specific needs, you can make the most successful option.

Many novice developers very often ask the question: Do you need ventilation in the bath? Why let cold air inside, if so much effort and materials were spent on its insulation? On the one hand, this is a paradox, and on the other, a necessity, and in order to understand this issue, you need to weigh all the pros and cons (if any) of the ventilation installation in the steam room.

What threatens the lack of ventilation in the bath

In ancient times, when they knew absolutely nothing about ventilation, in Russia baths, like at home, were made without ventilation openings. But there is an explanation for this. As building material logs were used. The lower crown of the logs was made free, which allowed fresh air, through the slots of the log house. Regulated the temperature in the steam room - by opening front door... Here is the simplest, but no less effective ventilation of the bath, which was used by our ancestors.

V modern construction use completely different materials, and the approach to the construction of buildings is somewhat different. But if, even during the construction of a bath, you do not think about laying a ventilation system, then the consequences of this will not be long in coming, namely:

Rapid wear of the materials that were used for covering and insulating the bath. Without proper ventilation of the bath, after several years of operation, the owner will have to change not only the casing, but also the floor, and, quite possibly, the insulation. Changes in temperature and moisture, which is an inevitable companion of the steam room, are destructive forces that destroy materials in 3-5 years.
The appearance of an unpleasant odor. This will inevitably happen in a steam room without ventilation, as dampness and heat are an excellent microclimate for mold and mildew to grow. It is almost impossible to get rid of the smell of mold and musty in such a room, since it is chemical agents in the bath, is strictly prohibited. It is not easy harmful, but deadly.
Poisoned air in the steam room. First of all, without proper air exchange, the level in the steam room can increase sharply carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Probably, there is no need to tell anyone what will happen to a person if the concentration of carbon monoxide increases by at least 0.1%. In addition to everything else heat steam room air that is filled with evaporated sweat from your body. Well, in general, there can be no question of any health-improving effect in such an atmosphere.

The above arguments are enough to understand the axiom: ventilation in the steam room of a bath is not just necessary, but vital.

What ventilation should be in the bath

As a rule, the ventilation of the steam room is limited to two or three ventilation openings of the required section. One is for supply air, and the others are for “exhaust” air removal. It should be borne in mind that for a comfortable state of health, the air circulation in such a room should be at least 5 times. This means that the entire volume of air in the steam room must change five times in 1 hour. There are several nuances that are required for the installation of any ventilation scheme.

You need to think about the location and size of the ventilation holes in the bath even at the stage of its construction, since it will be very difficult to make holes in the finished steam room.
The dimensions of the supply and exhaust vents must match. In some cases, the dimensions of the hood may be larger than the inflow.
Ventilation openings must be fitted with dampers. This will allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation, and when heating the steam room, they can be closed altogether to raise the temperature more quickly.
A very important parameter is the section of the ventilation vents. It is important to know that their cross section depends entirely on the volume of the steam room. For 1 m3 of volume, there should be 24 cm2 of ventilation.

Ventilation system in the bath room

We have already talked a lot about what kind of ventilation is. For the bath, the same laws apply, and ventilation in it can be:

Natural. With this type of ventilation, the circulation of air masses is created due to the difference in temperature and pressure between the air duct and the exhaust hood. Good air circulation can only be achieved correct installation ventilation openings: supply at the bottom and exhaust at the top of the room. As you know from school physics courses, hot air rises up and cold air goes down, so such a ventilation device in the bath will not be very convenient from the point of view of warming it up.
Combined. This ventilation method assumes the presence of one natural ventilation hole and one outlet with a fan installed in it. The inflow will be mechanized or the exhaust - it all depends on the scheme you choose.
Mechanical. Such a ventilation system independently controls the flow of air masses and their exhaust, temperature and humidity, using automation. From the point of view of comfort, it is in the first place, but prices - in baths such a system is practically not used due to the complexity of installation, and the high cost of equipment, project and maintenance.

Examples of ready-made ventilation schemes

There are several working ventilation schemes in the bath, which ensure good air circulation, while the steam room is not cooled.

The inlet should be located at floor level, behind the stove, and the exhaust openings should be at the ceiling, but on the opposite wall from the inflow. Thanks to this arrangement, the incoming colder air will enter the steam room and immediately be heated by the heater. Then it rises to the ceiling, bends around it and lowers a little to exit the exhaust vent.
If your stove works constantly during bath procedures, you can use this option where the inlet is located 30 cm from the floor, on the opposite side of the stove, and the blower and chimney will act as an exhaust hood.
If your sauna has ventilated floors, then you can make an inflow behind the stove, at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor. Cold air will enter the steam room, be heated by the stove and rise up. Colder masses will sink, pass through the floor ventilation and be discharged outside the room.

And here are several options for the location of the inlet and outlet using an exhaust fan.

The inlet is located 30 cm from the floor - behind the stove, and the hood is located on the opposite wall, 20 cm from the floor. One caveat: a fan is installed in the hood, which will create air circulation.
The inlet and outlet vent is located on the same wall, but only one is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The supply unit, located 30 cm from the floor, is equipped with an extract fan of a given power.
The inflow is installed behind the stove, at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is equipped with a fan. An exhaust hole is made on the opposite wall, 20 cm from the floor. The blown air is heated by the stove and evenly heats up the entire steam room. After that, it cools down and goes down, where it exits through the hood.

Important!
To calculate the fan power, you need to multiply the steam room volume by the frequency of air circulation. Example: Steam room 2 m. By 3 m. Its area is 6 m2. Ceiling height 2 m. Total: 6 x 2 = 12 m3. Now we multiply 12 m3 by the recommended air circulation rate of 5 and we get 60 m3 / h fan performance for our steam room.

The most common mistakes when arranging ventilation in a bath

One of the most common mistakes, those who decided to make ventilation of the bath with their own hands, is the location of the inflow and exhaust vents at the same level. From such an arrangement, except for a draft, there will be no sense. If you used this arrangement of ventilation openings, then the inflow must be done behind the stove and equipped with a fan, and the outlet, at the same level, but on the opposite wall.

Another mistake of novice builders is that many try to seal the bath as much as possible from air entering it, make small windows and forget about arranging floor ventilation. Yes, such a steam room will be heated very quickly, but it will be impossible to take health procedures in it.

In fact, there are many shortcomings, and it is simply impossible to re-read them all, but, observing certain rules, you can build a dream bath with your own hands, without additional costs for correcting mistakes.

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