Which insulation for the roof is better: choose according to the criteria and use a calculator to calculate the thickness of the roof insulation. Correct insulation of the roof of a house: technology and video What kind of insulation to insulate the roof of a house

In our regions, in order to preserve heat in the house, it is necessary to take care of the roof insulation. The right material will help protect living spaces from frost and moisture. Therefore, it is important to understand how to insulate the roof of the house so that the roofing cake performs its functions for a long time. In the article, we will consider the most popular options and do-it-yourself attic insulation in a private house.

In the past, straw and sawdust were used to insulate houses. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of more efficient and reliable materials. To figure out how to insulate the roof of a private house, you need to get acquainted with the basic properties of each option. The following roofing insulation materials are more popular:

Mineral wool... Fibrous material sold for roof insulation in the form of slabs or rolls. There is a wide variety of brands with slightly different characteristics. In general, this option is more common than the others. It is distinguished by its lightness, ease of installation, low cost, vapor permeability, biostability, and non-combustibility. It is recommended to choose basalt wool, as it is more resistant to fire and not afraid of moisture. Insulation technology provides for the organization of high-quality ventilation. It helps to remove fumes from the insulation. If this is not done, then the wood will begin to dampen, and the thermal insulation will lose its effectiveness.
Glass wool. You can insulate the roof with fiberglass, its characteristics are not much different from the previous version. The main feature is the replacement of mineral fibers with glass. Because of this, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment when working. It is recommended to purchase glass wool sold in foil-coated slabs. The insulation is distinguished by excellent thermal insulation characteristics, sound insulation, non-combustibility, and the absence of harmful fumes.

Foamed glass... Consists of two components: foam glass and carbon fibers. These components are highly resistant to biological and chemical influences. They are not afraid of moisture and open fire, do not emit odors or any harmful fumes. It is allowed to use for roof insulation of any shape and design. Before proceeding with the roof insulation, you will have to purchase polymer acetate glue.
Polyurethane foam. Lightweight, inexpensive material characterized by biological resistance, excellent sound and heat insulation, absolute moisture resistance. Thanks to the latter property, the insulation retains its properties in direct contact with water. Despite this, it is still necessary to make a waterproofing layer, as it will protect the wooden rafter beams from getting wet. Polyurethane foam is laid both in the form of slabs and by spraying onto the roofing material. Therefore, some work on the installation of insulation will require the use of special equipment.
Foam concrete. Made from cement, sand and blowing agent. Despite the heaviness of the materials, the finished insulation has a low density. It does not overload the roof structure, although foam concrete is still heavier mineral wool... The main advantages of this insulation is that it is fireproof. At the same time, the insulation is non-toxic and resistant to elevated level humidity.
Penoizol. This insulation is similar in its characteristics to ordinary foam. The main difference is the difference in installation - it must be sprayed with foam equipment. Thanks to this method, you do not have to worry about the appearance of cold bridges. The insulation fills well all the pores and cracks of the roofing cake. Nevertheless, for the normal functioning of the insulating layer, it will be necessary to stretch the vapor barrier film.
Ecowool. Insulation is made from ordinary waste paper. This improves thermal insulation performance and environmental friendliness. No need to worry about getting poisoned from hazardous fumes. At the same time, there is also a significant drawback - biological instability and the threat of ignition. For elimination weaknesses insulation, it is processed special means... In order to insulate the roof with ecowool, special boxes are made; for this, sheets of plywood are stuffed onto the rafters. Insulation is blown into the formed cavities.

Roof slope insulation technology

Having figured out the best way to insulate the roof, you can proceed to direct installation. This stage of construction is especially important, so you will have to spend on its alteration and elimination of shortcomings a large number of funds. Because Negative consequences are noticeable only during the onset of cold weather, and installation work is carried out in the summer, it is important to follow the technology exactly. Do-it-yourself roof insulation in a private house takes place in several stages:

A waterproofing layer is laid under the roofing material, a cotro-lattice is stuffed on it, which performs the function of ventilation.
It is advisable to make another small gap for ventilation under the insulating film.
Insulation is mounted on the inside.
The vapor barrier layer is fixed.

Although metal tiles and decking do not allow moisture to pass through, they get very hot during the day and cool down quickly at night. Because of this, condensation forms on the surface, and it is from this that the waterproofing protects. But since any waterproofing passes moisture over time, it is important to get rid of water vapor in time by means of ventilation.

Indoors, over time, water vapor is also formed, which rises to the roofing cake. A vapor barrier serves as an obstacle in their path, but over time, moisture enters the insulation. If water can affect the characteristics of the insulation, then it is important that it has excellent vapor permeability. Therefore, it is important to think several times over the best way to insulate the roof of a private house. In such a situation, the vapors rise to the lower ventilation, which is located under the waterproofing.

Wet mineral wool loses 60% of its insulating properties, so it is important to precisely fulfill all the requirements of the installation technology.

After the roof of a private house has been insulated, you can make finishing inner surface. For this purpose, sheets of chipboard or drywall are often used. After that, you can paste the wallpaper or paint the ceiling.

Insulation of the attic floor

It is only necessary to isolate the attic floor if there is no attic. But the question arises: is it better to insulate the attic of a private house? The answer will depend on the choice of one of two insulation technologies:

fix the thermal insulation from the side of the living quarters;
lay the insulation over the floor.

It is considered simpler last option, but for its implementation it is important to take into account the bearing capacity of the ceiling. This is especially true for the use of expanded clay or a mixture of cement and sawdust. Professionals recommend using more expensive materials, such as mineral or basalt wool. These options are easy to install and do not require special reinforcement of the floor.

The process of laying insulation with your own hands involves the following steps:

Before insulating the attic, a vapor barrier film is laid between the beams. It is important to overlap the rolls and secure the material securely.
Insulation mats are laid. Select the material so that it fits exactly into the space between wooden beams... Slabs or rolls can be trimmed as needed.
Waterproofing is laid on top of the resulting cake. It is allowed to use ordinary roofing material.

There are some tips on how to properly insulate your attic. Before laying the insulation with your own hands, it is important to check the overlap for defects. If cracks were found, fill them with polyurethane foam. It is possible to avoid the appearance of cold bridges by laying thermal insulation in two layers, with overlapping the joints of the previous row. Places of overlap of steam and waterproofing are glued with special construction tape.

In some cases, on top of the thermal insulation in the attic, they make cement-sand screed 30 mm thick. It plays the role of fire protection, which increases the safety of living in the house.

Roof insulation in a private house is an important stage calculated at the design stage. If the building has already been built a long time ago, it is important to calculate all the options and only after that make the final choice. Some options for thermal insulation will require the use of professional equipment. Therefore, you will have to contact specialized companies, but in the end you can save on heating.

When building or renovating a home, one of the most critical moments is installing a roof. Improper design can lead to unnecessary stress and damage to the coating materials due to the accumulation of sediments on it. Problems can be different: from the leakage of moisture through the seams to the ingress of cool air into the house in the event of improper insulation. In this case, the heating equipment will not provide any assistance, which will make it impossible to permanently reside in the room. The best way to insulate the roof of a private house and how to do it can be found in this article.

The need for insulation and the necessary materials

Insulation of a flat roof under a soft roof

The construction of a private house includes a main floor and an attic. With insufficient insulation of the roof, there is a need for heating all rooms, since a fifth of the heat disappears through the ceiling.

Many people ask themselves the question of what is the best way to insulate the roof in their private house so that it is comfortable to live in any period of the year. For the effective work of such a design, you should choose the right material. It mainly depends on the processes taking place under the roof.

The main ones are:

The difference in temperature indoors and outdoors. In the absence of insulation, the upper part of the house allows a lot of heat to pass through, which significantly increases the cost of public Utilities... If, during the construction of the roof, the installation of the insulation is carried out correctly, then the room will maintain normal temperature indicators, which will not allow a violation of heat transfer.
Moisture exchange disorders that occur in the house for various reasons. Roof insulation maintains an optimal level of humidity in the room, without letting it through the roof. In this case, extraneous odors disappear through the ventilation.

Advice! To know how to properly insulate the roof, you must initially have information about what kind of material is and how to choose it correctly.

Also, proper roof insulation relieves the space of the house from temperature extremes. This is due to the fact that the material has its own temperature indicators, which are slightly higher than those outside. In addition, heat is stored inside the house, eliminating the need to use heating media.

The interaction of hot air with cold air forms condensation. The insulation layer excludes its appearance, therefore it is used for insulation, extending the life of the insulation.

Correctly performed work also reduces the need for annual renovation works Oh.

Self-insulation

Mineral wool is a great option for insulating roofs

In order to insulate the roof, it is not necessary to involve specialists. Such repair work can be done on your own and at the same time spend a minimum of time.

First, you need to choose the right materials, as well as develop a plan and work scheme. The structure of any roof includes an external () and an internal part (floors and rafter frame). Insulation can be done by checking these components and, if necessary, making repairs.

The next step is to get rid of excess moisture, dampness and mold. Antiseptic roof treatment provides protection against bacterial attack. In the case of rusting of metal elements, they must be cleaned with an anti-corrosion compound.

The most popular insulation materials that can be used for adobe houses:

stone slabs and fiberglass (mineral wool);
expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam.

The material must be selected depending on the design features of the roof. The choice of insulation is primarily influenced by the shape of the coating.

As far as fiberglass is concerned, it has excellent heat and sound insulation performance. Another advantage of this material is its long service life, which reaches 50 years. In addition, fiberglass has good fire and steam resistance. The final advantage is the low cost of the material.

Feature of insulation for the roof

Stone wool does not lose its properties at high temperatures

At the present time, a large assortment is presented on the construction market different materials for insulation. But among the huge amount, mineral wool is especially popular. It not only perfectly fulfills its functions, but is also quite cheap.

Based on the composition, this material can be divided into 2 types:

Stone wool. Its uniqueness lies in the fiber structure created by molten rock and waste generated from the production of industrial metallurgy. Stone wool is resistant to high temperatures and the effects of chemicals.
Glass wool. The material is created from molten glass. The special strength of the air fibers ensures high resistance to chemicals and fire.

Benefits of using mineral wool:

heat conductivity is minimized;
high level of sound insulation;
fire resistance;
long period of operation and environmental friendliness.

Glass wool, having a heat output of 0.05 W / m at a temperature of 25 ° C, practically does not sag, maintaining the elasticity and elasticity of the fiber structure.

Glass wool does not sag or lose its properties

As for foam insulation, they are lightweight, which significantly reduces the load on the roof. In addition, their use eliminates the need to install vapor-insulated materials as they repel moisture.

A more modern material is polyurethane foam, which removes the need to fix it on surfaces, since it must be applied using special equipment... Spraying technology can be studied on the Internet or in the manager.

The material is characterized by excellent interaction with the surface, forming a solid construction without seams and providing protection from moisture and low temperatures.

External fastening of insulation on flat roofs

Two-layer insulation of a flat roof

After selecting the right materials, you should start installing the insulation. For this, there are 2 schemes: one-layer and two-layer.

An important advantage of single-layer insulation is the prevention of condensation. Also, such a scheme significantly reduces the rate of heat loss.

Warming in two layers will help create comfort and coziness for life. It consists in installing two balls of insulating material. The characteristics of the bottom layer insulation should include resistance to temperatures, low strength and a width of 70-170 mm.

The top layer distributes the physical activity over the entire surface. In contrast to the lower one, this ball has a high level of deformation strength, as well as a thickness of 30-50 mm.

These parameters of the layers sufficiently reduce the weight and load of the insulation on the frame and foundation of the building.

Not every mineral wool slab may be suitable for insulating flat roofs and soft roofs. The best option in this case are basalt canvases. Their fibers diverge in opposite directions, which allows the material to retain its original properties even under high loads.

With regard to strengthening, the optimal indicator in this case will be a wet and dry screed. The disadvantage of this option is the additional load on supporting structure.

Wet screed when insulating a flat roof

Thermal insulation with mineral wool slabs:

Whatever the base, it should be covered with a membrane to isolate it from steam. This must be done before installing the insulation. Otherwise, the stoves, under the influence of condensation, will cease to retain heat. In addition, waterproofing that runs from above may swell. Membranes are commercially available with one and two sides. One-sided ones require a distance of 4 cm between them and the base for free evaporation of condensate. In the case of a double-sided membrane, this is not necessary. The use of membranes can be replaced with standard construction polyethylene and polymer bitumen. The result should be the closure of all planes with insulation from steam, keeping a small distance to the insulation.
Mineral wool slabs should be laid in 1-2 layers. With a two-layer coating, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the future roof. If necessary, you can make the thermal insulation stronger by installing thin plates of high strength. This method it is used in areas with high moisture levels and temperature fluctuations that cause deterioration of standard insulation.
Dowels or bitumen are used for fixing the slabs to the base, depending on the type of surface. The first option is well suited for such roofing material as corrugated sheets. To achieve mechanical fastening, the second option should be used. This method is quite hassle and costly, but it is optimal for concrete substrates. Slabs are laid one to one on the applied bitumen layer. To create a second ball of insulation, the first ball is lubricated with a mixture, laying new canvases on it.
In the case of strengthening the insulation with dowels, the waterproofing should be fixed in the same way.

Insulation of a flat roof

Important! When laying two layers of insulation, you need to make sure that the seams do not coincide.

Insulation of a flat roof with expanded polystyrene

The difference between extruded polystyrene foam is a high level of strength and water resistance. Its use is popular when insulating inverted roofs.

The slabs have slot locks, making the structure solid. Despite this, the seams should be additionally covered with construction tape.

Algorithm for working with expanded polystyrene:

Laying the slabs on the base, closing the joints with adhesive tape. If a second layer is required, its installation should not coincide with the seams of the first.
The use of geotextiles, which is placed on the insulation, keeps the bottom layer from damage and dirt.
On top, gravel or crushed stone is laid in a ball of 5-10 cm. In some cases, a membrane is laid between these layers.
The last step is to lay the topcoat, after filling the previous layer with a screed. For a roof on which grass or flowers are to be planted, it is necessary to add a new ball of geotextile, followed by backfilling of fertile soil with a layer of 15 to 20 cm.

Correct performance of insulation work will provide a high-quality result that allows you to enjoy the comfort and coziness in the house for many years. Therefore, follow all conditions and do not ignore the rules.

Today, house roof insulation is a mandatory process. Small financial investments and simple construction operations will make it possible to save good money on heating. Indeed, as practice shows, heat loss through the roof is up to 20%. Therefore, in this article we will tell you what heaters are used for this, what technologies are used.

Insulation of the roof will protect the entire house from the effects of cold Source pinterest.com

Types of applied thermal insulation material

Thermal insulation of the roof includes the insulation of the slopes of the structure, or rather the space between the rafter legs. Here we are not talking about the thermal insulation of the attic floor, where free-flowing materials can be used. Therefore, expanded clay, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite and others are not used in this case.

The main types of heaters used in the thermal insulation process are mineral wool, polystyrene foam plates and polyurethane foam. The first two are mats and slabs, the second is a colloidal mass in the form of foam, which polymerizes in air into a durable coating with better thermal performance. But it should be noted that polyurethane foam is an expensive material.

House roof insulation technology

Roof insulation is carried out using two practically identical technologies.

Above when the roofing material has not yet been installed.

From inside the attic when the roof covering is already installed and secured.

Roof insulation methods outside and inside Source kabel-house.ru

First option

It starts all the same from the inside, that is, from the side of the rafter system.

First along the rafters (across) a vapor barrier membrane is laid... Laying is done in overlapping strips with an offset of 10-15 cm. The vapor barrier strips are attached to the rafters with metal brackets using a stapler. The joints between them are closed with self-adhesive tape or construction tape.

Produced filing the rafter system slab, lath or sheet materials: plywood, chipboard, OSB, edged boards, lining, drywall, etc.

Now the whole process carried over from the rafters... Between them, a heat-insulating material is laid so that its edges are tightly pressed against the rafter legs. Minimum gaps must not be allowed, which during operation will become cold bridges, that is, they will let cold air pass through themselves.

Over the rafters the waterproofing membrane is laid exactly the same as the vapor barrier below. It is necessary to install a waterproofing film from the eaves of the roof to the side of the ridge across rafter legs... In this case, the edges of the upper stripes should cover the edges of the lower ones. It is impossible to stretch the film too much, a small slack will make it possible to compensate for the change in its dimensions at negative and positive temperatures.

It only remains mount the crate and roofing material.

Installation of the lathing for waterproofing Source interistroy.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Option two

Insulating the roof from the inside - on the one hand, the process is simple, on the other, it requires knowledge of some nuances. Let's start with thermal insulation using polyurethane foam, as with the simplest, but also the most expensive.

This foamed insulation sticks to any building material, regardless of its adhesive qualities. Therefore, polyurethane foam is applied without preliminary preparation of rafters and roofing material. It is supplied under pressure through a hose and a special nozzle.

Applying polyurethane foam to the roof from the inside of the attic Source svetvam.ru

It should be noted that polyurethane foam is a material that is afraid of sunlight. Under their negative effect, it dries up, turns brown, cracks and breaks. Therefore, if the attic has dormer windows through which the sun will penetrate into attic, then the insulation will have to be closed. If the sun's rays do not penetrate under the roof, then the heat-insulating layer can not be covered with anything.

Thermal insulation with mineral wool plates

Immediately, we denote that mineral wool is a hygroscopic material, that is, it absorbs moisture well. Under its influence, it quickly loses its heat engineering properties. Therefore, it is important to waterproof the roof well. From the inside, this is done like this:

a vapor barrier film is installed so that it fits the rafter legs of the roof and covers the space between them (you can clearly see this in the photo below);

Waterproofing of the roof system from the inside of the attic Source roomester.ru

between the rafters mineral wool mats are laid(in the photo above, this is also clearly visible how to do this), the main requirement is that the insulation does not protrude beyond the rafters, but snuggles against them;

above the vapor barrier film is stretched, which is laid in strips, like the upper waterproofing one, only it is stretched along the rafter legs;

Installation on the rafter system from the inside of the vapor barrier membrane Source beton-stroyka.ru

it remains only to fill on the rafter system from the inside sheet or plate material.

Thermal insulation with polystyrene plates

Insulation of the roof from the inside with expanded polystyrene plates is almost no different from the previous version. It is just necessary to indicate that expanded polystyrene is a practically non-hygroscopic material. Especially in this regard, slabs under the Penoplex brand have shown themselves well. In all respects, it is better than mineral wool with one drawback - expanded polystyrene plates support combustion. But this does not prevent them from being used for insulating roof structures.

We add that the advantage of using expanded polystyrene boards is the ability to refuse protective layers. That is, there is no need to use waterproofing films. Therefore, the slabs are simply laid between the rafter legs. The main requirement is the minimum number of gaps and slots with minimum dimensions between the insulation plates and between them and the rafters. Therefore, the insulation is cut as accurately as possible in accordance with the step of installing the rafters.

If the gaps cannot be avoided, then they are filled with a special adhesive, which is similar to polyurethane foam, only it does not expand in volume. The material will not only fill in the gaps, but also attach the insulation to the rafter legs.

Installation of foil polystyrene foam plates between rafter legs Source ezlocal.com

Today manufacturers offer "Penoplex" with a foil coating, which increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the slabs by reflecting heat radiation emanating from the inside of the rooms of the house. That is, there is a conservation of thermal energy.

Penofol insulation

This insulation is a layer of polyethylene foam covered with foil on one or both sides. Flexible, thin and cheap, but with good thermal insulation properties, penofol has recently become more often used in thermal insulation processes. In roof insulation in wooden house from the inside (and not only in wood) it is used as a roll coating.

It is simply placed on the rafter legs from the inside of the attic and attached to them with metal staples or small studs with a wide head. The main thing is to lay the joint in joint with gluing the joint itself with a self-adhesive film with a foil coating. Then, slats are made through the rafters (this is a crate), along which sheet or plate material will subsequently be installed.

Roof insulation with foam Source evroremont-kmv.ru

Which insulation is better

It all depends on characteristics such as thermal conductivity. The smaller it is, the better the thermal properties of the material, the smaller it can be applied.

Please note that the thermal conductivity of penofol is not the best on the list. But the thickness of this material is 4 mm. The thickness of mineral wool is 50 mm, of expanded polystyrene plates - 47 mm. In this regard, polyurethane foam still wins. It also has better thermal characteristics than other heaters, and the applied layer does not exceed 50 cm. In addition, the foamed insulation is applied in a non-joining manner. The layer is solid, durable.

Video description

Step-by-step roof insulation from the inside is displayed in the video:

Generalization on the topic

Insulating a roof in a wooden house (and not only) is a serious process that requires a special approach to carrying out construction works... The main task is to choose a heat-insulating material, and strictly follow the technology of its installation.

People think about insulating the roof of a house, as a rule, in two cases - during the construction of a new building and after purchasing a house on the secondary market.

In this review, we will give answers to frequently asked questions in both cases: where to start, what materials to use and how to insulate the roof of a private house. Before choosing a suitable thermal insulation material for insulating the roof of a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the selection parameters.

Important parameters of thermal insulation material

a significant value in determining the properties of heat-insulating materials is the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The lower its value, the smaller the layer of insulation can be laid on the roof;
the next coefficient of water absorption, indicating what volume of liquid in% by weight this insulation can absorb. The lower the indicator, the better the quality of the insulation;
the density of the insulating material makes it possible to judge how much additional weight it will create on the structure;
the flammability class of the insulation will make it possible to judge how safe it is to use it in the construction of private houses. The best indicator is class G1;
durability;
environmental friendliness;
complexity during installation;
soundproofing;
the ability to pass steam.

Thermal insulation materials from inorganic raw materials

A striking representative of this group is insulation - mineral wool. This product is produced from slag or rocks. The structure of mineral wool is fibrous. It is produced in the form of a roll and slabs. The manufacturer also produces mineral wool different density, which expands the scope of its application.

The benefits of mineral wool include

affordable price;
excellent level of thermal insulation;
incombustibility;
easy installation;
environmental friendliness;
vapor permeability;
biostability;
soundproofing;
preservation of geometric dimensions.

Mineral wool is used as a heater for pitched roofs of a private house. Stone wool is used as additional fire protection.

Basalt wool tends to retain its original shape due to the different directions of its fibers and special binders.

Advice: "Provided that mineral wool is used as insulation on the roof, it is highly recommended to lay a waterproofing layer to prevent moisture accumulation and create ventilation gaps."

The earliest representative of mineral wool is glass wool. Glass fiber wool is similar in its characteristics to modern mineral wool, only observe safety precautions when working with it.

Expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, penoizol

Another traditional insulation is no less in demand - expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. It is produced in the form of slabs, so it is more often used than others when insulating the roof of a private house. Foam does not tend to absorb vapors, and therefore such insulation can be attached directly to the waterproofing layer without observing the waterproofing gaps on the pitched roof.

Advice: “You should not use expanded polystyrene for insulation of flat soft roof as it is flammable and vapor-proof. "

Under the condition of insulation pitched roof a private house, foam plates are mounted in one layer between wooden rafters. Only you should observe the tightness of the plates to the structures. In the event that gaps have formed, they should be filled with polyurethane foam, and secure on top with reinforced tape.

The next foam-like material is polyurethane foam. The advantages of this material include:

small specific gravity;
biostability;
low level of thermal conductivity;
hydro and sound insulation.

The polyurethane foam insulation is supplied to the consumer in the form of ready-made rigid plates. Another method of spraying on the roof (work surface) is possible using a special installation. Ultimately, the slabs or sprayed material turns out to be quite dense and tough, which lends itself to cutting, drilling and retains its original shape for a long time.

The advantage of the spray method is that the result is a monolithic layer of polyurethane foam, which fills all possible cracks and hard-to-reach places.

Penoizol has a spraying technology similar to polyurethane foam, but in its composition this material is more similar to foam. That is, its structure is not as dense as that of polyurethane foam. Penoizol is notable for its affordable price, safety for human health and normal rate thermal conductivity coefficient.

This insulation is applied using a foaming machine equipped with a hose. The resulting solidified foam will not add weight to the roof structure or damage the wooden rafters.

Advice: “Unlike sprayed polystyrene foam, penoizol has a higher moisture absorption rate. For this reason, when using it, it is necessary to make a vapor barrier. "

Roof insulation technology for a private house

It is noteworthy that modern technologies allow you to insulate the roof of a private house both from the inside and outside. In the event that a private building is equipped with an attic, has an attic or a pitched roof, it is recommended to insulate it from the inside.

The variety of insulation and engineering approaches does not raise doubts that it is not very difficult to insulate the roof of a private building. Among the large number of types of material, the most suitable for insulating the roof are distinguished: foam concrete, mineral wool, foam concrete, penoizol, polyurethane foam, hemp.

The technology by which it is possible to insulate the roof of a private house from the inside occurs in a proven way: they make a special crate between the roof rafter system and onto it, then fix plates of heat-insulating material.

If the house is insulated on a pitched roof from the outside, then it is worth considering the material - extruded polystyrene foam or slabs of basalt mineral wool. That is, it is only necessary to consider non-combustible insulation for flat roofs.

Insulating the outside of the roof of a house using hydrophobized extruded polystyrene foam boards is a practical option. During its installation, the plates are fastened using special fastening dowels in the form of a plate, equipped with spikes.

The technology for performing roof insulation will directly depend on the way in which it is possible to insulate (external or external), the type of roof (flat, pitched, inverted), the type of insulation used.

Traditionally, to insulate the roof in a private house, they use the method of placing insulation between the rafter beams. In this case, the width of the slabs should be selected 10 cm more than necessary in order to ensure the maximum tightness. It is not recommended to use large slabs, as they will bend and suffer from the ventilation gap and condensation.

Advice: "The thickness of the insulating material should be thinner from the rafter legs, but not more than 5 cm."

Using a method by which you can insulate the roofs of houses under roof beams in a private building is used extremely rarely. More often, a similar method is applicable in the construction of industrial buildings. A similar scheme according to which the space under the rafter beams can be insulated can be applicable for roofs where there is an attic and it is required to provide normal ventilation to the room. The technology of insulation in this case is not complicated, since the number of joints, provided that roll insulation is used, will be minimal.

Combined schemes for insulating roofs of private houses are also possible, when insulation is used above the rafters and between them. Medium density mineral wool can be used as the main layer, and basalt or fibreboard can be used as the top layer. With this method of insulation, you need to make sure that cold bridges do not form.

It is recommended to perform a vapor barrier layer on any insulation. It is designed to serve as a barrier on the way of steam from the house, which, having penetrated into the pores of the insulation, will cause condensation and reduce the quality properties of the insulation material itself. The vapor barrier layer can be made of polyethylene or polypropylene.

When building or renovating a private house, arranging the roof is one of the most important stages. If it is improperly designed, then precipitation will accumulate on it, which will be an unnecessary load and will contribute to the deterioration of the roofing material. If the roof is installed incorrectly, moisture will enter the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if the roof is not insulated from the inside, then the cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to be fully warmed up by any means, that is, to live in such conditions all year round it will be impossible.

Physical factors: impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements in order to live in it cozy and comfortable. It is important to lay the foundation correctly so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and erect a roof. The choice of coverage is very important, since it determines the weight that applies to the house, the time to complete the floor work and the cost. In addition to all this, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of the inner side of the roof so that the structure of the house remains as reliable as possible, and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions a variety of factors affect buildings.

For our latitudes, the following will be characteristic:

rainfall;
snow, groats and similar phenomena;
hail;
icing of the roof;
active sun;
strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

Private house is a structure that consists of a main floor and an attic. If the roof is not insulated, then through the ceiling up to 15% of the heat leaves the room in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space, if desired, can be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. In a large family, this is ideal.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Usually the selection is based on the physical processes taking place inside, under the roof.

The most important are several.

Heat exchange, which arises due to different temperatures inside and outside the home. If the roof is not insulated, then some of the heat goes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains the optimal temperature in the room.
Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breathing, vapors from body temperature to cooking processes, when vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying particles of moisture that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal and unwanted odors can be removed with ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature changes inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that outside, and does not allow the heat of the building to go outside, which will eliminate the need for additional heating, which requires reserve funds.

Insulation layer helps to avoid condensation, which is formed when hot and cold air comes into contact, therefore laying it together with insulation will help keep it appearance and efficiency. Correctly performed work increases the service life of the building almost twice and minimizes the need for repair work every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private home often has a pitched roof that forms an attic space on top of the main residential floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat in the cold season. If the attic is made in the form of a residential floor - the same attic, then the insulation process should be mandatory.

Any roofing material will not be able to protect as well as foam, mineral wool or other types of coatings. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that will cope with all kinds of fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulation coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, problems with the roof rafter system will begin very soon, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with the wrong installation technology or inaccurate choice of insulation. If it is wrong to choose the thickness of the insulation while standing, then instead of protection, the opposite effect will be provided. Under normal conditions, with a temperature difference, protection against condensation and heat removal is carried out, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is broken and a thin insulation is chosen, then an excessively large amount of condensation will form on it, which will contribute to the rapid decay of the rafters and the violation of the microclimate of the room.

Failure to comply with standards is dangerous for both health and safety as the roof structure could collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently establish what you need. If you have difficulties with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to turn to professionals and get comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

Roof Pie: What Is It?

A properly constructed roof involves a large number of layers of different materials that are stacked on top of each other, which resembles a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction "pie" is the rafters on which already underway laying all other layers.

In order to lay out all the layers correctly, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

Roof.
The lathing on which the installation of finishing materials will be carried out. It can be laid flat or with gaps.
Counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
Waterproofing film.
Materials for thermal insulation.
A layer of material for vapor barrier.
Creation of the lathing, where they are mounted insulating materials and inner lining.
Interior cladding material.

If you lay the "pie" correctly, you can avoid the loss of heat from the dwelling in the cold season, and it will also help from overheating the space in intense heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from the outside, and the vapor barrier will protect it from all kinds of fumes.

Pitched roof - a fairly common type, so it will not be difficult for her to pick up everything necessary materials... A positive aspect of high attics is the convenience of insulating them and the ability to equip a full-fledged living space.

It will be extremely unpleasant to be in it without additional work - it is very cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

To carry out quality work, you must choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will turn out to make comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds that are available for the purchase of materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. It is advisable to obtain a quality certificate in the store in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties that have more a light weight, they are suitable for work under conditions self-insulation premises. Positive qualities cotton wool can be considered a non-combustible composition and moisture repellency, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means that you do not have to worry that someone may start in the house, especially on the roof.

Of the minuses, a fairly high cost can be noted, but it is fully compensated by the positive aspects.

The use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main one for roof insulation, but because of some dangerous properties, safer analogues were found very soon. The thermal insulation of the glass wool is not bad and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely to use a protective suit, gloves, glasses. It is important to close the nasopharynx and eyes so that no pieces of glass dust get into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

Polymeric roof insulation- these are special tiles made of polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This is an inexpensive option, because anyone can afford it, but if you understand the cons, then you should think carefully about purchasing such insulation. These materials are highly flammable, and when they burn, they emit a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous for humans.

Usually, this type is resorted to when other options cannot be used.

Warming with expanded clay. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use it for the roof due to the heavy installation. Usually, only experienced workers can cope with it to make the internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

Considering alternative options, then polyurethane foam is distinguished among them, which can be used in two states - in the form of plates and foam. It is advisable not to take plates for arranging the ceiling, because it is inconvenient to work with them and they have a very high cost. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, it is possible to fill voids of any shape and size, cracks and lines of openings are very well clogged. If the rest of the materials need to be cut and to achieve maximum fit, then the foam itself lays down, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for slate roofs or broken structures when there are many drops on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage can be considered autonomy from hydro and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent combustibility properties, which ensures the safety of the house.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly is worth paying attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of a particular type.

The main criteria are:

Mass of material. Heavy insulation will serve as an additional mass on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built of high-quality bricks or foam blocks, then reinforced insulation can be allowed, but in this case you need to make the rafters more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately equal to 0.04 W / m * s, then this will be the best option.
Indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties.

Ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with this impregnation.
Flammability indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging a roof.
The ability to resist low temperature levels.
Resistant to chemical elements.
Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool is sold in the form of rolls or slabs. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern insulation, the most progressive technology will be roof sheathing with foam flex. It is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it a wall or ceiling. You can cut off the desired piece with an ordinary knife.

In addition, the storage conditions of penoflex, which can be outside at any temperature, are also distinctive, but it is better to have packaging on it.

It is convenient to use polystyrene foam, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with unfavorable conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors and vapors and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Preparation

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand which roof you have to work with. Having correctly determined the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do.

If the process of warming has become fully understood, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, be it at a rural house or a large villa by the sea. In order to conduct insulation works, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:

inspection of the rafter system so that you can identify damaged boards in time and replace them;
treatment of wooden structures with an antiseptic;
checking communications, if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all the materials with which the insulation will be made, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The workflow has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

Step by step process: how to do it?

In order for the work to proceed quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is being done and why in the process of work on internal insulation roofs.

The algorithm for carrying out the work is reduced to four points.

Installation of a waterproofing layer. This task should be done at the time of coverage. roofing material... The waterproofing is installed along the rafters so that there is a slight sagging. Slate house involves laying this material immediately for insulation. It is important to install the waterproofing correctly - its smooth side should be on top. The strips of material must be sealed with tape so that gaps do not form over time. Only after that counter-rails are stuffed onto the rafters, to which the sheathing will be installed. On the finished boards and you need to lay the roofing material.
Installation of thermal insulation. It is important to select an insulating mat with the required thickness and place it between the rafters. The material is laid in a spacer or on a rough filing, which is made of small-width slats, fishing line and rope, which are attached with nails to the rafters. Insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate the room as efficiently as possible, the mats are stacked, shifting to the side with each row.

Placement of the vapor barrier layer. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher one, which is directed towards the building itself and takes steam emissions from the room. Laying such a film is important point for her full work. The installation process takes place with a stapler. In this case, you can do without counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all the joints with adhesive tape.
The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for the installation of decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for correct work insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, be it a summer cottage, where the house has a flat floor, or a large Vacation home where is built gable roof. Right choice materials and installation in the required sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

Choosing insulation for attic floor, it is necessary to take into account its thermal protection, strength and stable qualities in relation to adverse environmental phenomena. It is important to take into account the type of floor, the material from which it is made. Concrete with wood has its own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if you want to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness up to 30 cm. The wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under an overlap made of boards or beams so that they do not absorb moisture and do not rot. If it was not possible to put a solid piece of vapor barrier, it must be glued together with tape.

After that, work begins with insulation, which is placed in wooden frame so as to fill all the empty spaces. As soon as the mineral wool has been placed, the waterproofing is laid on top, which prevents the wool from absorbing excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is to pour concrete, when the 2nd floor is planned in the building. Instead of concrete, you can make a flooring from OSB slabs. This is how you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

Stingrays

You can insulate the slopes different ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the one who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for insulating a pitched roof:

with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped with insulation on all sides;
with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

It is best to insulate a pitched roof with mineral wool mats or with a fiberglass base. The roof can be installed both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their stacking order will differ. During internal work, the roof is insulated with a layer of waterproofing, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that a vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that you need to know how to properly insulate, especially if the whole procedure is done by hand. Knowing the technology and the correct location of the layers, you can get a high-quality roof covering that will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate flat roof, then the installation of the appropriate materials is often done after the roof has been installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after their completion, the ceiling height is significantly reduced, which is a tangible disadvantage with all the other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to think over exactly how the attic will be illuminated.

We insulate flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they need to be divided into squares, in which the heat-insulating material will be placed. You can hold it in the cells with a cord or by gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are covered with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a heat-insulating layer, and the last - a vapor barrier, which in total will give the necessary result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, then the insulation will very soon become unusable and will cease to perform its functions.

When the work with the insulation is over, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only then proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative finishing premises.

If the attic is presented as a large and cold room, you can use different kinds of insulation, after which you can live in this room. It is possible to install thermal insulation material both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the arrangement of the layers during the installation of the insulation.

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