Lighting in the apartment, lighting options. Competent lighting of a modern apartment

Light zoning has long been used in the design of residential and work premises, because a competent combination of natural and artificial light can transform any space. Lighting in an apartment requires careful preparation and adherence to certain design rules. A well-chosen scheme can visually increase the area of ​​the room, hide design mistakes, and an unsuccessful one will only aggravate the imperfections of the interior. In this article, we will look at how to choose light sources for different rooms, as well as analyze current trends in this direction.

How to arrange lighting correctly?

Lighting planning is an essential part renovation works... This process must be started at the design stage. The organization of light in an apartment should begin with dividing the room into several thematic zones. In the classic version, lighting is divided into two types: general (basic) and local.

Local lighting is designed to illuminate specific interior elements or corners of an apartment, while general lighting serves as a key element of artificial light.

In turn, local illumination is of the following types: working and spot. Most rooms provide for the presence of the so-called working area (kitchen table, study, children's play corner). To ensure sufficient illumination, large chandeliers, floor lamps and sconces are used.

A point light supply is most often used as an additional element; it performs a purely decorative function.

A distinctive feature of artificial light is the ability to use it at any time of the day or night. By changing the color of the light zoning, you can overnight change the proportions of the room and divide the room into functional zones.

It is also worth noting that the shade of light strongly affects the human perception of reality. Let's give an example: green color calms, and yellow cheers up. Thus, when choosing a lighting scheme in an apartment, it is necessary to take into account the functionality, safety and aesthetics of the design.

Norms of power and number of luminaires

To achieve the most efficient and comfortable lighting in the interior of the apartment, one should take into account the uniform standards of power and the number of lamps in the illuminated area. So, experts advise placing devices with a capacity of about 70 kW for every five square meters of the room. This figure may vary, depending on the specifics of the room. Moreover, we are talking only about central lighting, it can be supplemented with various kinds of decorative or point light sources.

Having studied the basic requirements for the illumination of residential premises, you can independently calculate required amount fixtures in the apartment. You are also free to use all kinds of design tips. Most often, they consider the organization of electric lighting in studio apartments.

For one-room housing, the area of ​​which is 30 square meters, you need about eight lamps (one central chandelier, work lighting, three spotlights, a floor lamp and several sconces).

An example of lighting in a one-room apartment

How to check the quality of the light?

When purchasing a chandelier or any other lighting fixture, the first step is to find out which lamp is used in the installation. The most common option is an incandescent lamp - it gives a bright, uniform glow. However, the disadvantage of such devices is the rapid consumption of electricity.

Most lighting companies today are switching to energy efficient lamps. Their cost is slightly higher, but the reliability and low electrical costs bother buyers no less than the price.

There is one easy way to check the quality of the light in a chandelier, for this you need a mobile phone. Bring the device close to the light and turn on the camera, watch the moving light bars on the screen. If you find significant flicker and multiple streaks, be aware that the light quality is poor. In this case, it is better to immediately replace the product, because over time, you and your family members may develop vision problems.

Colour temperature

As already mentioned, the color temperature of the lamps plays an important role in light zoning. There are three colors: warm white (up to 3300 K), standard white (up to 5000 K) and cold white (from 5000 K). In accordance with European standards v living rooms it is customary to use warm white light, but in secondary rooms, such as the hallway, it is recommended to use classic white.

Sources of light

Today, a variety of light bulbs, all kinds of chandeliers, sconces and floor lamps are used to illuminate apartments. V specialized stores in Moscow and other large Russian cities, there is a wide selection of similar products for every taste and wallet.

As a direct light source, the following are used:

• incandescent lamps;
• LED devices;
• fluorescent lamps;
• optical fiber;
• metal halide bulbs;
• halogen bulbs.

All of the above types have both advantages and disadvantages of use. Let's give a simple example: previously popular incandescent lamps do not correspond to modern trends, since they consume a large number of electricity, and the quality of light is very poor.

Natural light

The best decoration of a wooden country house and yes an ordinary apartment is natural lighting. It not only does not harm the eyesight and has a positive effect on the well-being of people, but also looks spectacular in any interior. In order to fully enjoy the living light, in private houses they make full-wall windows, it looks just amazing. However, this effect is very difficult to achieve in a one-room or two-room apartment.

Artificial lighting

There are many lighting options in the apartment, but not everyone is suitable for the chosen style of the room. It is worth remembering that artificial light involves not only the installation of expensive lamps. This process should be approached responsibly, because the health of the eyes and nervous system person.

To create a functional light zoning system for an apartment, you need to familiarize yourself with the installation options in advance. The photo below shows a universal version of the living room design using different types of lamps.

In the video: what you need to consider when designing lighting.

Lighting types

There are four types of artificial light: general, local, combined and emergency. The latter type is not often found in residential premises, but it is indispensable in rooms where turning off the light threatens with serious injuries. Next, we will consider all types of lighting in apartments in more detail.

General or basic lighting involves the uniform (directional) scattering of light over the entire area of ​​the room. Most often, this type is used in living rooms and in the kitchen. Due to the equal distance between the luminaires, an optimal illumination level is achieved. Another option for such light zoning is a single light source localized at one point. As an example, there is a large chandelier located in the center.

Local lighting in an apartment is used to draw attention to certain parts of the room. Thus, the light source is located directly next to the illuminated object of the interior (on the desktop, in the sleeping area or in the kitchen). As the designers note, it is this type of light zoning that brings completeness and integrity of perception to the interior of the space.

Separately, general and local lighting have certain functional disadvantages. That is why a combined light zoning scheme was developed.

Since then, when European-style renovations began to be carried out everywhere in Russian apartments, spotlights have appeared on ceilings, walls and decorative objects. These built-in lighting fixtures have become more and more popular over time. Now you will not surprise anyone with a multi-level ceiling with halogen bulbs.

It is worth noting that there are two types of spotlights - fixed and rotary. The latter are very convenient to use, and if you wish, you can independently change the direction of the light.

When choosing such devices, pay attention to the beam width. Let's give an example: 40-50 degrees is great for highlighting large objects, and halogens with a beam of 10-20 degrees are suitable for minor decorative elements.

Neon lighting is a special type of artificial light, which is a tube-shaped gas-discharge lamp (neon is contained inside under low pressure). The "native" shade is bright orange, but the color of the backlight can change depending on which inert gases are added to the composition.

A neon lamp will help to bring colors to the interior of the apartment. The photo below shows the lighting design in the apartment in pink and purple tones.

LED strips

V Lately for decorative lighting of rooms, various LED devices began to be used. The most popular is the LED strip. It is a flexible PCB with LED cover. Bright neon colors, unusual appearance and low price - all this makes this light source an excellent addition to outdoor lighting of a wooden house.

In the interior design of premises, such lighting can be used both on the ceiling, walls, and on small built-in structures. For more effect, you can arrange the ribbon in the form of a graphic, thereby creating a unique atmosphere.

LED duralight

For additional illumination of individual parts of the room, various LEDs are used, as well as a new product on the market "duralight". This functional device is a flexible cord made of elastic plastic. A continuous garland of led-bulbs - LEDs - is pressed into the base.

Flexible neon

It is also a flexible tube, inside of which the lighting circuit is fixed. It is nothing more than an electroluminescent wire. Outwardly, it really is no different from an ordinary wire - it is just as flexible, it can even be tied into a knot.

Unlike LED strips, flexible neon glows from all directions, it is safe and even waterproof, and has wide application.

Luminaire placement options

The main rule of design is that bright light increases the space. It follows from this that the decoration of the ceiling and walls should be carried out using all kinds of reflective materials. The upward-facing luminaires visually make the ceiling higher. And to darken part of the room, you just need to correctly distribute the light sources around the room.

New ideas in lighting design state that universal electric lighting at home should combine general and local (spot) lighting. This is guaranteed by the so-called multi-level zoning.

There are no strict rules for organizing electric lighting in apartments, but there are certain tips that should be followed when planning the interior yourself.

Living room (hall)

The main light source in the hall is central lighting, it can be a luxurious chandelier or a row of spotlights laid out around the perimeter of the room. For classic interiors, the first option is suitable, and when arranging modern apartments, you should first of all focus on the preferences and material capabilities of residents.

For a high-tech living room (hall), a neon lamp, LEDs, and even a light floor are suitable.

Bedroom

As with other living spaces, it is best to use combination lighting in the bedroom. A chandelier and several floor lamps are suitable as a base light, and spotlights along the perimeter of the ceiling will only complement the overall picture. You can also transform your bedroom with local lighting fixtures - they are inexpensive and have a wide variety of uses.

Children

The child spends most of the time in his room. This is the reason for the large number of requirements for the lighting design of the nursery. It is necessary to choose lighting devices of suitable power and shade, because the mood and psychological health of the baby depends on competent planning. Particular attention in the children's room should be paid to decorative lighting. The photo below shows the options for light zoning for children.

Kitchen

The kitchen is characterized by multi-level lighting. It involves a visual division of the room into functional zones: a dining room, workplace and a corner for relaxation. In the kitchen, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of adjusting the brightness of the light - this is especially important for the dark time of the day.

In the kitchen, the selected type of lighting can work independently of other lighting elements. Even if only central lighting is installed in the room, make sure that it can be turned on in parts.

Hallway

There is no natural light in the hallway and corridor, so the room needs a lot of built-in lamps. There are no special requirements for the organization of light in the corridor, it all depends on the tastes of the residents.

Bathroom

There is no natural light in the bathroom (no windows), due to which the role of artificial light increases significantly. The use of local high-power appliances is unacceptable for the bathroom. The backlight should be adequate, but not too bright. When choosing lamps for a bath, it is necessary to take into account the increased humidity of the room.

Light zoning in a studio apartment

Most often, light zoning is used precisely in studio apartments, since in such rooms there is a problem of lack of free space. Dividing the apartment into thematic zones allows you to visually increase the area of ​​the room and give the home a logical completeness.

In such conditions, you can experiment with lighting devices - use local devices, large chandeliers, decorative elements.

Ceiling lighting

Modern lighting design ideas give ceiling lighting a special role. In most cases, the choice of lighting devices evokes positive emotions, but it is not always easy to place purchased light bulbs, hide them (when creating hidden backlighting with your own hands). Before starting the installation of spots, it is recommended to identify three main sources of light in the interior (local, local and decorative).

With low ceilings

If the ceiling in the apartment is rather low, then there can be no question of any tension and, moreover, suspended structures. Pendant-type chandeliers and massive lamps are not suitable. Recessed spotlights cannot be built in here, but overhead versions can be installed. Flat ceiling chandeliers, track lighting systems and led panels will harmoniously fit in.

Concealed ceiling lighting

With your own hands, you can build a hidden backlight of two types: using a drywall niche and with a polystyrene foam cornice. A combination of plasterboard boxes and stretch ceiling with hidden illumination perfectly hides minor errors that arise during self-erection of the ceiling.

Multilevel lighting

For comfortable stay you cannot do without competent lighting of the room. For more than ten years now, all designers have been leaning towards the multilevel lighting system in apartments in their works. Such light zoning is an optimal division of space into several functional areas.

It is customary to distinguish four main levels:

• upper (spots, sconces and chandeliers);
• medium (lamps, floor lamps);
• bottom (local illumination);
• internal (used for highlighting wardrobes and wardrobes).

Multi-level zoning of rooms with the help of light does not require special skills and knowledge. If you wish, you can radically transform the appearance of the living room or children's room with your own hands. To do this, you need a little imagination and a set of lighting fixtures with different functionality. A competent combination of chandeliers, spots on the walls and on the floor will bring comfort and tranquility to your home.

In the video: multi-level lighting in the apartment.

Decorative lighting

An inexpensive LED strip is most suitable for decorative lighting. TO positive features This product includes simplicity of operation, easy and quick installation. If the interior of the room is made in classic style(with wooden furniture, pastel shades of the walls and tapestry), then the LEDs are replaced by local lamps and special luminous elements for decoration.

Distinctive feature decorative lighting is the specificity of its use. It is used when it is necessary to hide the lamps and make the light more subdued.

Neon lights in the apartment

Such decorative lighting can be equipped using various LED and LED devices. Most often they are installed in false ceilings, in plasterboard niches. Flexible tubes or cords that glow with neon light are often used.

Glass blocks in the interior of an apartment with lighting

Glass blocks are hollow cubes with glass walls about one centimeter thick. V Soviet times such decorative elements were often used, they could be seen in the interior of baths, hospitals, staircases... Today glass blocks have been improved - decorative lighting is installed in them.

Floor lighting

Floor lighting is another solution with which you can give the room an unusual look. Different devices are used for illumination, it can be spotlights, LED strip, duralight cord, which are mounted in a plastic baseboard body or in glass floors.

Modern lighting trends

Lighting design is a unique combination of technical progress and artistic planning. All new design trends come first to the light zoning of premises, and then they apply to the entire interior. Distinctive feature modern design is high functionality, it is the so-called smart design, which is aimed at meeting all the needs of its owner. This trend is called lighting personalization.

If you carefully examine the appearance modern lamps, it becomes clear that they have completely lost their clearly defined boundaries. Nowadays, round, asymmetrical, small built-in spots are especially popular in interior design. Track systems have become an integral part of the ceiling, which has also lost its boundaries.

Night lighting is not essential for decoration indoor spaces... However, it avoids accidents at night. You can install night light around the perimeter of the strategic movement or in certain areas of the room.

With motion sensor

Recently during construction country houses light sensors or, in other words, a twilight switch have become increasingly used. The light sensor is a device for automatic control of light sources, depending on the level of light zoning of the surrounding space.

If you still use incandescent bulbs in the evening, then feel free to replace them with the latest night lighting system. So, in just a month you will save several thousand.

Wireless lighting

What is wireless lighting? This is a special design, a single panel with luminous elements mounted inside. In turn, the light bulbs are responsible for the movement of the current. The functioning of such panels is completely "mobile", which allows them to be mounted on any surface and not to worry about damaging the wires.

The principle of operation of such an installation is comparable to night illumination - when residents move from one room to another, the lighting devices are automatically started.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the organization of lighting in an apartment should be thought out in all directions. Modern tendencies gravitate towards freedom, the absence of clear boundaries of light sources, which, in turn, guarantees comfort and high functionality of the room. Just a couple of recessed lights can change the perception of space, making it more expressive and deep.

How to place lamps on the ceiling (2 videos)

Lighting in interior design (90 photos)

Carefully thought-out lighting design should not only transform the interior, but ensure the comfort and health of the inhabitants of the house. At the stage of creating a project, a variety of nuances are taken into account.

Lighting types and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

• natural - natural;
• artificial - technical devices of all kinds of designs.

The intensity of natural light is directly related to the time of day, depending on the time of year, geographic location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light is the most optimal from the point of view of physiology and life. But it is not enough for full functioning. That is why so much attention is paid to the planning of artificially created additional lighting. This includes incandescent lamps, fluorescent and LED devices.

The main options for artificial lighting:

• general;
• accented;
• working;
• combined.

General lighting

This is the most common type, without which no room can do. The light comes from above and spreads evenly throughout the room. The most striking example is the chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not produce a light figure with sharp edges that can be clearly seen on the floor or on the wall.

General lighting can be divided into:

• directional is the most common option. It is characterized by the creation of a single spot of light. It can be organized using open lamps in the shape of a cone, hemisphere, truncated ball, cube, trapezoid, cylinder, rectangle;
• indirect - formed by reflecting light from walls or ceilings;
• diffused - light is scattered through frosted glass or a ball-shaped paper lampshade. It does not strain the eyes and is the most comfortable for a person. The beams spread evenly at an angle of up to 360 degrees. This is due to the use of opaque closed shades;
• mixed - it is formed due to the special shape of translucent lamps with an open top and bottom. These modern models are increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow comes from all sides - it breaks through the walls, reflects off the ceiling and walls, falls from above with a direct light spot. This way of filling the space with light is the most productive.

Accent lighting

Accent or spot lighting is used to highlight specific areas. Its main function is to draw attention to individual objects or areas in the room. It can carry a purely decorative load - illumination of a painting, sculpture, or have practical significance... With the help of point inclusions, we can safely move up the stairs, navigate in a dark closet, find the necessary items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with the space, snatching one or another area out of the darkness, giving them the main meaning depending on their use. The dining group is illuminated for dinner. Then we move to the sofa to read in silence or on the contrary, chat with the household. In multifunctional rooms, for example, in one-room apartments or studios, this kind of lighting is a must. It allows you to go about your business without interfering with each other. Floor lamps are used to create accents, desk lamp, ceiling suspension devices, sconces, spot lighting, LED strip.

There are three types of accent lighting:

• sharp - the formation of a bright spot with clearly defined edges. The light is not scattered, the space outside the beam is immersed in darkness. This technique is used in the theater, when only a small area is selected where the action takes place. It is often used to focus attention on an object. It is suitable for highlighting the beauty of collectibles in glass showcases, highlighting expressive architectural elements- columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam can be directed up, down or directly at an object at an angle of 30 degrees;
• softened - created using luminaires equipped with a power regulator. Allows you to effectively, but unobtrusively highlight the necessary details. The obvious pluses are achieving a less dramatic atmosphere and energy savings;
• soft - organized to focus attention on objects that are harmful to bright light - paintings and other objects of art. Shaped with matte lampshades placed over the object.

Work lighting

Good illumination is essential for efficient and safe work. In conditions of a lack of light, the load on vision increases, which can lead to a decrease in it. Due to constant stress, not only the eyes get tired, but the body's fatigue in general increases. A person is not able to work long and productively in the twilight. The effectiveness and complexity of activities such as drawing, knitting, jewelry, sewing, reading, writing, cooking directly depends on the quality of the lighting and its focus. The general light falls from above, so a shadow is created in the workspace. It is necessary to equip this area with special directional sources - a table lamp, sconce, floor lamp, point turning devices. It is better not to use fluorescent options in these areas, as they often flicker and distort colors, and this negatively affects vision. Halogen devices are much better accepted, but they are not economical enough. That's why the best choice- LED structures, which produce a pleasant glow for the eyes and consume several times less electricity.

Combined lighting

The essence of this option is a combination of the previously described methods. The project of any interior will certainly contain a combination different types lighting. In some rooms, the general prevails, in others the accent. For example, in the living room, luxurious or laconic multi-track chandeliers play a central role. And in an office or bedroom, bright general light is not so important, but here you cannot do without a good table lamp or sconce. Light is one of the most popular tools for zoning rooms. In the children's room, in addition to the general ones, local devices are needed in the work and play area. In the kitchen - over dining table and above the cooking surface. In the bathroom and hallway - in the area of ​​the mirror or decorative niche. Combination different options can be observed in any room, but it acquires special significance in a multifunctional one. In living rooms combined with a bedroom, kitchen or dining room, it is especially important to provide for the possibility of various lighting scenarios.

Rules and regulations

The use of artificial lighting made it necessary to develop clear requirements for its parameters. The well-being of a person, his emotional mood, the ability to work efficiently, and the preservation of good eyesight depend on how competently it is organized. Therefore for various premises established their own specific standards. It is easy to guess that for a study and a closet, their values ​​will not be the same. The main document that you need to be guided by when calculating the number and power of devices in the apartment is SNiP 23-05-95. It regulates the natural and artificial lighting residential, educational, retail, industrial premises, as well as squares, parks, streets, squares.

The unit of measurement for illumination is Lux –1 lumen per square meter. m. The rate depends on the purpose of the premises. For example, 150 Lx is enough for a living room, bedroom or dining room. In the nursery, it is necessary to provide 200 lux, in the bathroom or kitchen it is already 250, and in the office all 300. In the hallway, pantry, in the attic or in the basement, 50-60 lux are required.

About light sources

Natural sources include sunlight, starlight, aurora, moonlight. Artificial resources are also fire: a bonfire, torches, candles, and gas lamps, and electric lamps. The latter are divided into several types:

• incandescent lamps - contain an incandescent body, which produces a glow. A spiral made of tungsten or carbon filament is placed in the structure. Then a vacuum is created in the flask. This prevents oxidation of the metal. At the moment the electrical circuit is closed, heating occurs, as a result of which the glow element begins to glow. The advantages of such lamps are that they withstand temperature changes well. They will work without problems in a cold corridor or a hot bath. The disadvantage of such lamps is that they consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of heat;
• halogen - their difference from the previous ones is that the flask is filled with halogen vapors. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas allows you to significantly increase the temperature of the coil and extend the operating period. Like conventional incandescent bulbs, halogen sources use a large amount of energy to heat up. Another disadvantage is dependence on power surges;

• luminescent - flasks with a special coating applied from the inside. It emits light due to the constant burning of the vapors contained in the bulb. Compared to conventional lamps, these devices have a much longer service life. An obvious plus is economy. Lamps consume 5-7 times less electricity than halogen lamps. The disadvantages include the complexity of use - the need to use additional devices - a trigger, a starter. There are other disadvantages - flicker and sensitivity to low temperatures, air currents and ambient humidity;
• energy saving - a subspecies of fluorescent lamps. To the listed qualities of sources of this type, a spiral shape and the presence of a standard base are added. Thanks to this, lamps can be used in conventional chandeliers and lighting fixtures without any additional structures;
• LED - revolutionary devices based on the use of LEDs. Unlike their predecessors, they do not heat up and do not flicker, and also tolerate the effects of the environment and power drops well. The high cost of the devices is more than compensated for by the long service life and unrivaled low resource consumption.

Natural light and how to regulate it

Direct exposure to natural light can cause some discomfort. Harsh rays from the sun reflect off mirrors and glossy surfaces and irritate your eyes. In addition, they heat the room too much, and this is not always desirable, especially in summer. Therefore, there are different ways to protect against the penetration of daylight and regulate its amount.
Traditionally, a variety of curtains and tulle are used for this purpose. The choice of material depends on the needs of the owners of the premises. You can choose light sheer curtains that only slightly adjust the light. Or blind curtains that create absolute darkness in the room even in daytime... Blinds are used as dimmers, roller blinds... There is also a more radical solution - to install double-glazed windows with a special coating to reflect the sun's rays. This is especially true for skylights. attic floor... And for those who do not have the opportunity to change the glass, there are plenty of suggestions for self-adhesive tint film.

If there is not enough light, you can "catch" it with:

• expansion of windows;
• introducing reflective surfaces, light finishes and furniture into the interior;
• removing trees and bushes covering windows.

About fixtures and their placement

A harmonious lighting scenario is created based on the characteristics of the room, the direction of design. Correctly selected accents allow you to visually change the space to correct its shortcomings and emphasize its merits.

The chandelier remains the "queen" of lighting design. In a large room with high ceilings, massive structures with a long suspension are used. Low ceilings are a reason to shorten the length of the cord or chain and direct the rays upward, creating the illusion of raised arches. Spotlights can be an addition to the "main decoration" of the living room or act as a "base" in the hallway or bathroom. Sconces, spots, floor lamps, table lamps - serve as a highly specialized addition to the main light. Each of them have their own specific responsibilities - lighting the workspace, places to rest, read, cook or eat. LED panels, cords, fiber are great tools for decorating a two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords mounted in plasterboard niches can be multi-colored. In order to change the color, you just need to press a button on the remote control. With the help of LEDs, they create a variety of patterns that look stunning at night.

Does the lighting have a style?

To answer this question, you need to take a close look at the devices that help the light to fill the room. The style directly depends on the characteristics of the lamps - shape, color, materials of manufacture. V classic interiors chandeliers and sconces with crystal pendants are welcome. In modern chrome devices reign. Pop art is filled with bright, sometimes awkward plafonds. The interior of a country house in Provence style will be "warmed" by textile lampshades. A loft is unthinkable without production lights, track systems and spots. Forged or wooden structures add a rustic flavor to the country. Modern style is made even more effective by intricate lines and shapes. The style you choose affects the number of lights, their strength, and placement.

Room lighting design

Correct lighting organization is one of the primary design tasks. This is the most important component of the comfort and coziness of your home. Each of the premises has its own rules for the selection and installation of certain devices. The light should emphasize the advantages of the chosen design, create a certain atmosphere.

Hallway and corridor

The hallway is usually devoid of sunlight... The use of artificial sources allows you to turn a gloomy corridor into a bright, attractive reception area. Bulky devices are useless here - why “eat up” an already small space. In addition, it is not safe to use voluminous chandeliers and floor lamps in a cramped room. It is more expedient to place a ceiling spotlight here, and hang a sconce on the wall near the mirror. The illumination will be enhanced by LED illumination of the cabinet or decorative niches, as well as a mirror wall.

Living room

In the living room, the situation is reversed. A voluminous chandelier is more than appropriate here. Since this is a common room, various lighting scenarios must be envisaged. Sconce above the chair, floor lamp by the sofa, LED fiber device on coffee table will fit perfectly into the interior. LED decoration with various programs will help you relax on a weekday and brighten up your holiday party.

Bedroom

The traditional design of the bedroom provides for the presence of an overhead light - chandeliers or built-in suspended ceiling devices, lamps in the area of ​​bedside tables and dressing table... In addition, use LED backlight niches, wardrobes, bed contours. Theatrical mirrors and paintings with built-in lamps give the room a special chic.

The project of lighting an apartment is an illustrative example of the formation of space with the help of competent lighting of each of the zones.

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On the picture:

The project of the designer Andrey Gulyaev modern lighting of the apartment - the participant of the competition "The most conceptual interior: a bright idea" on the site pinwin.ru

Designer Andrey Gulyaev has implemented a project of forming a space of 70 sq.m. Lighting in the interior of the apartment was divided into zones, taking into account the orientation and functions of each of them. So, in the hallway - a semi-public space - the light is harsh, harsh. The lighting of the corridor in the apartment, according to the author of the project, should be linear and rectangular, because this is an "intermediate" place in the apartment, not for intimate conversations. The kitchen, dining room and living room are areas that are relaxing by default, intended for pleasant communication, relaxation, and eating. There is soft free light here. The most private place in the house is the bedroom, which creates smooth, flexible, flowing lighting. In the bathroom, the light is point and diffused.

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The beauty and comfort of an interior largely depends on its correct lighting. Any design project begins with the stage of choosing lighting devices and working out their location, since it will be difficult to fix these details in the process of decorating an apartment.

The concept of "light design" is much more complex and multifaceted than it might seem at first glance. He should put in a favorable light the dignity of the room and hide its shortcomings, make it cozy and comfortable, and emphasize the individuality of the owner.

Lighting design is usually divided into three components, each of which has a special role in creating stylish and harmonious interior lighting.

• The general design is the background from which it is worth starting from when working out the location of other light sources.
• Light architecture - subdivided into interior, exterior and interior. Defines the general style, makes lighting design more individual and expressive.
• Lighting design is everything that can be swapped and moved. The most flexible lighting element that expresses the individuality of the owner.

Usually a competent project includes all three elements, because only their skillful combination can create an interesting and stylish interior.

Beautiful design depends a lot on lighting

You need to be careful about lighting design.

Using light, you can highlight or hide interior elements

There are several types of lighting, each of which has its own functions and implementation rules:

The right lighting can change the interior beyond recognition.

There are several types of lighting

Effect of lighting on emotional state

The choice of lamps depends not only on the appearance of your apartment, but also on the mental and emotional state of its inhabitants. Scientists have found that lighting that affects us has many properties that can be both beneficial and harmful.

Yellow light is a classic option that people are unlikely to ever give up. This color creates an atmosphere of comfort and is good for the eyes.

Due to white lighting, a person's performance increases. But if the sharpness of such light is too high, rapid fatigue sets in.

Red energizes and vigor, increases blood pressure.

Orange color provokes an increase in appetite and an increase in heart rate.

The blue glow is relaxing and the pressure is lowered.

Green lighting is used in bedrooms and children's rooms. It is soothing and relaxing and very comfortable on the eyes.

Purple and blue light is not used for living spaces and long stay rooms. These colors are depressing and irritating.

Blue light will help you relax

Each color has its own effect on a person.

Lighting can affect emotional state

How to regulate natural light

When passing through glass and reflecting from mirrors, natural light becomes too harsh and harsh. You can smooth out this light effect with the help of translucent and openwork obstacles - tulle and organza. By diffusing light, they make natural light smooth and comfortable.

Another way to control the light flow from the windows is vertical blinds... They make it less rigid, and at a certain turn, they give it the necessary direction. With their help, the level of illumination of the room is regulated by just a few hand movements.

Light can highlight the necessary items in the interior.

In some cases, you can do without natural light.

Artificial lighting principles

The illumination of any space is subject to many sanitary and hygienic requirements, determined by various GOSTs and norms. You can study them for a long time and persistently, but it will be more convenient to get acquainted only with the most important of them.

All values ​​in this table are only the required minimum; no norms are set for upper boundary values.

Not every reader is familiar with the concepts of KEO and UGR. Let's try to figure out what it is and how they differ from each other.

In the bedroom, you can do without strong light sources. A few lamps will be enough

Lighting should be individually selected for each design.

There are some norms for lighting different rooms.

KEO

The Daylight Ratio is the ratio of natural light to overall light. The parameter determines the proportion of natural light that enters the space of the room. Let's give a simple example.

Suppose we measured the illumination in the middle of the living room, and it was 300 lux. Let's go to the open balcony adjacent to this room, and measure the level of illumination there. Let's say it was 500 lux. Then KEO will be calculated as 300/500 = 0.6. Comparing this indicator with the table value, we come to the conclusion that the light corresponds to the norm.

UGR

The discomfort factor is determined by international standards and serves as a measure of the hardness of the light. It is measured in the range from 1 to 100 and is determined by polarization, coherence and light flux spectrum.

Speaking in simple words, this value shows how soft and favorable the light in the room is for the human eye.

Lighting can highlight some objects in the interior.

If the room has a lot of natural light, you can get by with a chandelier.

Fundamental rules

Having dealt with the norms, it is worth talking about the basic rules, which are no longer responsible for the absence of harm to human health, but for the harmonious aesthetic design of the interior.

Lighting design must be consistent with the color of the interior.

The flow of light visually stretches the room, lengthening it in the direction of its direction.

Light rooms are illuminated evenly, made in dark colors - each zone separately.

In the work area, the ideal light is white.

Light objects are best illuminated with colored light, and bright local lighting is chosen for bright details.

It is better to avoid saturated shadows and lack of light in certain areas.

The flow of light visually stretches the room, lengthening it in the direction of its direction

In the bedroom, you can get by with a chandelier and several lamps

The lighting solution must be combined with the interior of the room.

Pros and cons of chandeliers

The most common type of lamps that are used in the interior of any room and style are pendant and ceiling chandeliers. They use different types lamps, they differ in style and design, but the most important parameter when choosing is the material from which the chandelier is made.

Material
	Strength, durability Easy to clean	Due to its large mass, the chandelier requires a more durable fixing to the ceiling. High price
	Variety of shapes and colors No deformation Ease of cleaning	Fragility
	Environmental friendliness Harmonious combination with wooden furniture	Demanding care Impervious to moisture Exposure to light Fragility
Crystal	Luxurious presentable look Creating a play of light	High price Fragility
	Minimum cost Ease	Tends to fade in the light
Textile	Originality Reasonable price	Fragility Soiling Immunity to fire

Chandeliers unambiguously look quite stylish and play up the general stylistic idea of ​​the interior, creating an atmosphere of warmth and comfort around them, but they also have disadvantages:

• Difficult installation.
• Difficulty cleaning. In order to clean the chandelier well, you first have to unscrew the shades, and then screw them into place.
• High cost compared to conventional luminaires.
• Not suitable for rooms with low ceilings.
• Markingness. Decorative chandeliers located under the ceiling collect a lot of dust due to the abundance of hanging elements.

Despite their beauty, they are very difficult to install and maintain.

Chandeliers always look very stylish

Pros and cons of fixtures

The latest generation of luminaires, which are extremely popular, are LED or LED luminaires. Their success in the market is attributed to the many advantages of such lighting:

Durability. Service life is more than 50 thousand hours.

Energy saving.

Profitability.

High efficiency.

The ability to change the color, brightness and temperature of lighting.

Compact and flexible modules that allow you to implement a variety of design ideas.

Strength.

Environmental friendliness.

Safety. These luminaires have an extremely low risk of fire.

Regarding the disadvantages of LED lighting, it is worth saying the following:

The high cost can be scary at first, but it is fully compensated by the long service life and economy of such devices.

An LED driver is required to provide power to the device.

LEDs tend to lose brightness and their light becomes dimmer.

Replacing a burned-out LED can be problematic.

Using luminaires, you can highlight specific areas

At the moment, LED lamps are very popular.

Sometimes lamps are used as a decorative element.

Street lighting

Outdoor lighting at home is made for decorative, security or functional purposes.

It is customary to pay special attention to functional lighting in the project, since it is she who is responsible for safe movement in the yard. The main objects are garden paths, steps and a porch, and the most popular solution is small lamps on short legs... They will fit perfectly into any landscape design and will not take up much space, and in the dark they will perfectly cope with their task.

Advice for the most economical owners - use lamps on solar powered, their choice is just as huge.

To save money, you can use solar-powered lamps

Outdoor lighting of the house is performed for decorative, security or functional purposes.

Decorative lighting is designed to highlight the most attractive details of your garden with light. It can be installed by a fountain, pond, recreation area or garden sculpture.

Correctly organized light interior design can work miracles, transforming the space, changing the direction of the flow of light and beneficially affecting the human psyche. The main thing is in pursuit of stylish and modern project interior - follow the rules of lighting and do not forget about your own comfort and health.

When creating a stylish, "live" interior, proper lighting plays a special role. The correct organization of light affects the visual perception of the space, on which the coziness and comfort in the house depends. Let's analyze some of the rules for organizing lighting in an apartment.

Living room

The living room is one of the most complex rooms in terms of lighting, since there are often several functional areas at once. The main goal is moderate background lighting, the brightness of which can be changed depending on the situation.

Almost all lighting options can be used - tabletop, wall-mounted, ceiling-mounted, with reflected or directional light.

In large living rooms, it is not uncommon to find voluminous luxurious chandeliers; for a smaller room, miniature wall lamps and built-in halogen lamps are suitable.

It is recommended to have dimming lights to illuminate the main objects and secondary areas: workplace, mirror, shelves, etc. Try to avoid clumping shadows as this is considered one of the most common design mistakes.

Kitchen

In the kitchen, the organization of light should be uniform and not very dazzling. General lighting in the center of the ceiling alone will not be enough. All functional areas should be illuminated, especially the main workplaces of the hostess: a cutting table, a place near the sink and a stove.

In addition, overhead (called background) lighting is needed, and it is also recommended to install lamps inside shelves or cabinets. To illuminate the workplace, which is located under a wall cabinet, special tape lights are best suited.

If the kitchen is to be used as a dining room, then recessed ceiling lights should be placed above the dining table or an original lift and release lamp should be hung.

But, be that as it may, in many kitchens and in our time, the main solution is the lamp, which is located in the center of the kitchen. Such a lamp condemns the hostess to work in deep shade.

Bedroom

It is very important to combine easily controllable spotlights with subdued background lighting. You can place a non-glare, bright light source near the dressing table.

It is very common here to use a two-seat control that allows you to use the light without getting out of bed.

Children's room

Preschoolers need a higher level of lighting, since in these years a lot of time is devoted to outdoor games.

For the safety and comfort in the rooms of the younger children school age install low night lighting.

Older children will need high-quality table lamps or small portable lamps for the working area (a place for homework, etc.).

As you can see, it is not at all difficult to arrange correct and comfortable lighting in the house. Thanks to the wide assortment that the modern market offers, you can choose for yourself lamps that will ideally match the interior of the room.