Nodes of the two-sheet roof. Device of the soling system of the two-tie roof

As you know, build a cellar at all means getting a good place to store the crop. Poor waterproofing can be the injection of groundwater penetration into the room, and poor-quality thermal insulation - unfavorable temperature mode and the formation of condensate. That is why we will look at how to insulate the cellar in the garage or under the house, this will create an optimal microclimate in which all products will be stored in the fresh form for a very long time.

It is worth remembering that only an integrated approach: good waterproofing, high-quality insulation and competent ventilation ensure that the cellar will not be raw.

Insulation serves for two main tasks:

  • IN winter Preventing design design.
  • In the summer, high-quality thermal insulation allows you to save low temperature In the cellar even on the hottest days.

Initially, you should decide which insulation for the celler to choose. It depends on the thermally insulated surface and the characteristics of the application of the material. We will consider the most popular options, and the final choice will have to make you.

Outdoor thermal insulation

Warming outside the structure is relevant in cases where the cellar is under the garage, in the barn or the outer walls of the house, as well as if it is located separately. In cases where the cellar is located at home a few meters to its outer walls, this operation can not be carried out.

At this stage, the following features can be distinguished:

  • It is best to spend work on the construction stage when there is space. Otherwise, you will have to free all the foundation, and in some cases it is almost impossible to do this.
  • Walls should be waterproof. The optimal option is modern rolled materials and liquid rubber. These covers serve dozens of years, unlike bitumen and rubberoid.
  • If there are big gaps - they are best to close mounting foam It will reliably heat and can't destroy for a long time.
  • Further foaming or other sheet heat insulation material. It is easiest to glue it with a mounting foam or a special composition. You can also use bitumen mastic - it also hides, ensures high fastening strength.

In the photo - the heat insulation material during the outer insulation is attached to a pre-waterproof surface

Tip!
If you are important to high quality work, it is better to use extruded expanded polystyrene foam.
This material is much stronger than conventional foam, it has higher thermal insulation properties, and thanks to the grooves in the ends, the joints are very reliable.

  • To ensure the maximum efficiency of the heat insulating layer on the street, it is necessary to make a break down along the wall to protect moisture.

Floor insulation

It is also important. Many believe that the floor does not require much attention, but it is not. In order for your gender to be reliable, it is necessary to perform its heat and waterproofing. You can do this in several ways.

Warming with clay:

  • The base is aligned that needs to be displayed with runneroid or pour bitumen, and it is possible to glue a waterproofer on it.
  • Next, the clay of fractions from 5 to 20 mm falls asleep. The material layer must be from 10 to 25 cm. From above by material poured concrete screed With reinforcement, the thickness of which depends on the intended load on the floor. After it is frozen, it is possible to carry out additional surface waterproofing.

It is worth noting that clamzit is a very light material that simplifies the process of working with it. In addition, the price of this material is quite democratic.

You can warm the floor with sand and rubble:

  • The playground is prepared and levels, after which 15-20 cm of rubble shallow fraction falls back to it. Then pumped the sand layer with a thickness of 5-10 cm.
  • The pillow will be trambed and waterproof, you can do this with a rubberoid or a construction film.
  • Next, the reinforcement belt is satisfied and concrete is poured. If a groundwater They are located close to the surface, it is possible to water the flooded surface and top to make a screed with a thickness of 5 cm. This will provide additional protection.

Third way to hydrapace:

  • A sand or gravel pillow is arranged, which is closed by a waterproofer.
  • The foam of the brand 35 is laid at the top.
  • Next poured a screed, which, if necessary, can be burned to increase strength.

But this method is less common, since the floor can be perfectly insulated and easier ways.

Wall insulation

We looked at how to spend the work outside, now we will analyze how to insulate the cellar from the inside.

The optimal option is a foam due to ease of installation and low price. With it, you will easily spend insulation with your own hands, you will not need help from experts and instructions - everything is very simple.

Pre-prepare walls - they must be even, all flaws should be seen cement mortar. If there is a danger of flooding, it is better to treat the walls with a penetrating solution, at the moment it is the best protection of the indoors from moisture.

The insulation sheets are easiest to glue, after which the surface is closed with reinforcement grid and placed.

It is worth noting that when the exterior walls are insulated with a foam of 10 cm thick and more, inner insulation You can not do.

Another option is to feed the guide bars on the walls, after which the foam is inserted between the bars, and the surface is sewn with wood or moisture-resistant sheets.

Many developers prefer to use Minvatu, the process of its installation does not differ from the foam. If the insulation is carried out under the plaster, a solid insulation is used, if under the bars - soft mats or rolled material.

Another option is insulation sprayed polyurethane foam. At the moment it is the most reliable and durable insulation. There are no seams in it, it is resistant to moisture and has high heat insulating properties. But the price of this solution is much higher than others.

Spraying is made between the bars, after which the surface is sewn - everything is very simple

What is the difference between the cellar cellar

Basement - Room located under the residential house. Key characteristic - the presence of indirect heating. In this case, during the heating in the basement, much warmer than in the cellar. In addition, it has communications. In this connection, and the requirements for warming the basement is tougher. Among other things, the basement ceiling is a serious source of heat loss from heated rooms of the first floor.

Cellar - an object located separately or under summer cuisine, garage, household buildings. The temperature in it is more stable throughout the year, and therefore conservation, vegetables or wine are stored much better.

This is what leads to the fact that in the presence of free space on the site, the owners seek to build a cellar on the street. And already in the course of operation, the question arises, whether it is necessary to insulate the cellar. After all, from an excess heat, vegetables will begin to ride and rot, and from the lack of freeze.

Of course, work on thermal insulation is better carried out during the construction period. But, how to be the one who already has a cellar in the country. How to insulate the cellar from freezing without serious costs?

The choice of method of insulation provides for work on one of the directions:

  • insulation cellar outside;
  • insulation cellar from the inside;
  • combined insulation. Most effective way, because It is complex.

Types of cellars for a private house

By deciding how to insulate the cellar from the inside or outside, the type of cellar is first taken into account:

Separately standing room With gluke in the soil up to 0.5 m. It happens separately or wallpapers (one of the cellar walls is the wall of the building or garage). From the point of view of insulation - this is the easiest option, because It is possible to insulate the walls and roof outside and inside.

Outflowed cellar

The lower point of the building is located at a depth of no more than 1.5 m. From the surface of the soil. In this case, in addition to insulation, it is also necessary to think about the neutralization of the groundwater and frosty grounding of the soil.

Underground (bulk) cellar

Distinguishes the location of the floor at the level of 2-3 meters under the ground. With due waterproofing, this is the most winning in terms of operation, a cellar, which perfectly holds the plus temperature, roughly constant, throughout the year.

Despite the differences in construction, the design of the cellar is not distinguished by a variety.

Standard cellar design:

  • walls - with dense soil - ground, with mobile - brick or stone;
  • the floor is missing, or rather it is soil;
  • the ceiling is reinforced or wooden.

Accordingly, the ceiling, walls, floor insulation. Those. All the surfaces of the cellar through which heat losses are possible.

Materials for insulation cellar

Despite the significant variety of thermal insulation materials, it should be taken into account that not everyone will suit them. Material for insulation of the cellar must have such properties as the ability to maintain geometry, to withstand water and soil pressure, have high insulating properties (table), absolute hygroscopicity.

Due to these reasons, the thermal insulation is unsuitable mineral wool or eco-way.

If you place materials in descending order, such a sequence will appear:

  • insulation cellar foam. The most popular insulation. After all, in addition to thermal insulation characteristics, the foam is distinguished by low price and simplicity of installation. Polyfoam does not rot, not hygroscopic, biological inert, has a small weight, does not require the use of vapor insulating films and the arrangement of the crate. Mounted both outside and inside the room;
  • warming of cellar sawdust or peat groundwhich are well held warm and unattractive for rodents;
  • insulation cellar polyurethane foam. PPU refers to sprayed insulation. Having all the properties of their predecessors, it distinguishes the ingrediation and the ability to fill out all the space (gaps, cracks). PPU creates a shell, which is the most reliable way to warm the cellar both outside and from the inside. At the same time, the cost of polyurethane foam is high, and for applying is required special equipment and attracting specialists;
  • insulation cellar polystyrene foam. The polystyrene is inherent in all the characteristics of the foam. Only a higher price is distinguished, which is due to a greater density of the material, the integrity of the structure of the sheet (the ability not to crumble during the installation), the presence of a groove-cream installation system;
  • insulation cellar clamitis. Ceramizite, like any other bulk material, features a limited scope of application. As a rule, it is used for floor insulation. It can also be used for walls with external insulation of underground (covered) cellar.
  • insulation cellar chernozem. Used for outdoor insulation. In this case, the Earth is poured on the roof of the cellar. However, with the current level of technology development there are many more effective ways insulation while maintaining the absolute ecological purity of the site.

Warming technology depending on the type of cellar

Approach to thermal insulation taking into account the construction of the structure.

Insulation of ground cellar

With this design, the main emphasis is on the insulation of the walls and the roof. So it is best to perform outdoor work and use foam or polystyrene foam. Warming work is carried out on the street, according to the installation technology of these materials. The insulation of the roof is performed from the inside. For these works, a soft or rigid insulation can be used.

Warming of a swallowed cellar

The walls of such a cellab are half arranged in the ground. Consequently, there is a risk of flooding. To legate it, you need to release (open) the covered part outdoor Wall From the soil, to handle it with any waterproofing solution (mastic) or to overtake the rubberoid. Then put a hard insulation or PPU, re-wrap the rubroeroid (it will save the sheet from deformation) and pour into the soil. To minimize the effect of water better to equip the drainage system.

Insulation of bulk cellar (underground)

It is performed both outside and from the inside. Below are detailed recommendations and advice of phased thermal insulation facilities for the storage of agricultural products in the country.

How to insulate the cellar do it yourself

Different insulation technologies in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Outdoor insulation of bulk cellar

The most time-consuming part of the work, the implementation provides for the implementation of a number of actions:

  • it is removed soil surrounding the roof and the walls of the cellar.

    Note. Further recess is sometimes not possible. For example, when the cellar is dug in the ground, and the resulting slopes are decorated with bricks. Such walls can collapse. In this case, users advise to remove the ground at a distance of 100-150 mm. From the wall, and then gradually remove the rest.

    Additional protection against moisture will give arrangement of a chump-sanded pillow at a depth of 200-300 mm. From the base of the wall.

  • mounted slabs of a hard insulation or polyurethane foam;
  • all defects are eliminated from the surface of the walls;
  • for further work, it is necessary that the roof and walls are absolutely dry. Therefore, work is stopped until the walls are completely drying. As you can see, work is better to perform in warm dry season;
  • the insulation of the roof is, in fact, overlapping the cellar with insulation. The technology provides for the installation of the rubberoid over the overlap, the roof backing on top of the clay-straw mixture. The height of the filling on the roof is 0.4-0.5 m. The mixture is thoroughly tram and covered with a dense film. The edges of the film wrapped onto the wall with a fattest 150-200 mm.
  • wall insulation is performed. The processing of the primer will help in this case. It is better to use a bitumen solution with diesel salon (1: 3), mastic, rubberoid or special film;
  • the joints between the sheets are bleed by mounting foam; Some masters advise to tighten the insulation with a polymer grid, to ensure the integrity of the sheet. With this task, Ruberoid will cope with this task. But often the distance between the wall and the soil is simply falling asleep with a clay, soil with a high clay content or a mixture of soil, sawdust / straw and clay.

    In the absence of ventilation in the cellar, it will be advisable to take care of this stage.

  • the resulting hill is covered with a layer of fertile soil with a height of 100-150 mm. With subsequent landing herbatous plantsThat will protect the cellar from sunlight, and strengthen the ground with their roots.

Internal insulation of the cellar

From the insulation of thermal insulation are subject to walls, ceiling, floor and doors.

Insulation of the wall of the cellar from the inside

Execution technology:

  • walls are inspected for defects;
  • the cellar is released from the contents, shelves and drawers for a while are dismantled;
  • detected defects are eliminated (the protrusions are knocked down, the cracks are fed to foam or sealant); increased attention is put forward to the quality of the surface, since Significant irregularities prevent the high-quality installation of foam;
  • wall waterproofing is performed (mastic or liquid rubber);
  • plates of hard insulation are fixed. For this, dowels-umbrellas or glue are used. Fastening foam begins from the bottom row and moves up. In this case, each subsequent row is shifted by half of the sheet;
  • a polymer mesh is fixed on a warmed surface;
  • places of adjoining sheets are blown by foam. If the slit is largely placed in the trimming of foam;
  • apply stucco.

Note. To eliminate the foci of mold formation, the walls are appropriately treated with a solution of lime and copper sulfate.

Insulation gender cellar

There are several ways of insulation that have proven themselves in practice. Consider the insulation of the floor by clamzite as the most optimal option, in terms of price / quality ratio.

Procedure for performing work:

  • after soaring the concrete, on which the lighthouses are exhibited and fixed, the claymzite gravel is falling asleep with a fraction of 5-20 mm. At the same time, the thickness of the gravel layer depends on the load that will be on the floor;
  • the film of the Parobarker is stacked on its surface with access to the wall. The height of the adolescence is equal to the height of frustration;
  • the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat insulating layer (200-300 mm) and aligns;
  • lighthouses are installed on the film. The first of them at a distance of 300-400 mm from the wall. The rest at a distance equal to the length of the rules that will be equal to the screed;
  • the reinforced screed is poured. The thickness of the screed also depends on the load.

Floor insulation in sand cellar

The method of thermal insulation using sand and rubble. This method can be used only for bulk gender.

Sequence of work:

  • if the insulation is not used, the floor is flooded with hot bitumen. It will perform the function of waterproofing;
  • sand-chumbs pillow thoroughly tram;
  • the layer of rubble (100 mm) is poured;
  • the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer and aligns;
  • on top of the sand layer (50 mm);
  • it is possible to lay the hard heat insulating material on the surface (for example, penplex, polystyrene plates);
  • the prepared floor is flooded with a concrete reinforced tie.

Hearth ceiling cellar

In the case of a swallowed or ground cellar in insulation, the roof of the structure needs. Roof warming work provide for the use of a soft or rigid insulation, which is mounted in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction.

As for the underground (covered, bulk) cellar, the ceiling of the room needs in additional insulation.

Procedure for performing work:

  • stucco is applied.
  • the layer of hard insulation is mounted;
  • concrete slab overlap or wooden beams treated with penetrating waterproofing primer. The composition fills the capillaries and prevents water seeping. Wood is additionally processed by an antiseptic;
  • the heat insulation material is closed by mounting mesh;
  • cleakers are performed with a copper cune.

Note. The ceiling in the cellar is the most vulnerable place in terms of temperature. Therefore, it is better to warm in two layers (100 mm).

Insulation of the entrance group: doors or hatch in the cellar

If the entrance to the cellar is in the house or in the garage to its insulation does not put forward special requirements.

But if the entrance is located on the street, then you need to warp the lazium into the cellar.

Procedure for performing work:

  • warming Door in the cellar Previously, they were performed using felt and other soft materials. However, now justified is the use of hard insulation, which are glued on the doors. Then the insulation is closed with a sheet of plywood, plastic or natural tree. Be sure to eliminate the slits in the place of the door joining the box. In this place the door seal is installed;
  • insulation Luke cellar Performed in the same way. Only more attention is paid to the reliable fixation of the insulation on the surface of the lid. Otherwise, he can disappear.

An important point to pay attention to, insulation the door or hatch is to exclude the possibility of their arbitrary opening. Otherwise, all work on the heat insulation of the cellar will be useless.

Cable insulation for cellar

The insulation of concrete cellar or brick is not labor due to the optimality of their forms and resistance to mechanical damage (brick, concrete walls You can drill, fixing a dowel-umbrella or handle hot mastic to ensure waterproofing).

But with modern caissons for cellars the situation is somewhat different, because Events on thermal insulation may damage the tank tightness.

Nevertheless, the insulation is also important, because the walls are easily skipped both warm and cold. Since the caisson is a one-piece design, it does not need waterproofing. From the point of view of the material used, caissons for the cellar may be (types):

  1. plastic (from polymeric materials);
  2. reinforced concrete (made of concrete rings);
  3. metal (steel).

It should be borne in mind that the materials have a different heat loss indicator.

At the same time, the cellar caisson may have the shape of a cube or cylinder, which imposes a print on the selection of the heat insulator. To insulate the caisson for the cellab you can use bulk, hard and sprayed insulation. Consider how their use in descending order of popularity:

  • hard insulation. Used in cases where the caisson has the shape of a cube, a square, a rectangle with a smooth wall. The insulation is glued to the caisson surface. Kesson is placed in the ground, the distance between it and the soil falls asleep;
  • a bulk insulation: soil, ceramzit, sand, peat ground. In this case, the caisson is placed in the ground, and the distance between its walls and soil falls asleep;
  • sprayed insulation - polyurethane foam. Provide the most efficient heat insulation. But the lack of PPU isolation at a high price and the need to attract masters with special equipment.

The designated types of thermal insulation materials are suitable for the insulation of the metal cellar, as well as the insulation of the cellar from the plastic. The construction market presents a plastic cellar with insulation, which eliminates the need to perform work on warming with their own hands, the installation is fairly correct.

Conclusion

The insulated cellar in the country or in the courtyard of a private house is the key to the fact that the workpiece for the winter will be safe and preservation, despite the cold or heat "overboard".

The main purpose of the cellar is the storage of vegetables and other foods in fresh or canned form.

With poor quality heat insulation, both outside and inside, moisture accumulation and adverse temperature regime is created, which causes the development of mold and rot.

Low waterproofing may cause groundwater.

The decision of these issues is possible with competent and proper insulation cellar.

Walls

The main purpose of the insulation of the walls of the cellar from the inside is to protect against heat losses.

It is also considered to be reliable insulation of wiring to prevent closures, breakdowns and fires. When insulation, the following objectives must be achieved:

  • dry walls;
  • high-quality insulation of wires;
  • waterproofing of the joints between the walls and the foundation;
  • wall processing special meanspreventing the appearance of mold and fungus;
  • insulation of the surface of the walls from the inside.

Consider some insulation options.

Styrofoam

Pretty inexpensive and reliable option for the insulation of the cellar or basement is a foam. The material has high thermal insulation indicators, it is convenient to use, if necessary is covered with any solution.

With high humidity, it is recommended to use a foam, which has a density of 25 kg / m³ and above, whose properties do not allow moisture. Also possible use of extruded polystyrene foam, which is an order of magnitude more expensive, but at the same time it has absolute hydrophobicity and long service life.

It's important to know: The disadvantage of these materials is their high level of burning. Therefore, if the wires in the cellar pass through the insulation, they should be put in the cable channel.

The first stage is the careful sealing of the seams, joints and cracks by mounting foam or sealant. If there is a possibility of entering underwater water, it is recommended to process the penetrating solution that specialists say how best tool from moisture.

Stages

Consider step-by-step insulation of walls by foam:

  • fixation wooden carcass on the walls;
  • the laying of foam plastic is as tight inside the frame;
  • fixing the insulation with a dowel - 5 pieces per sheet;
  • sealing joints and gap mounting foam;
  • printing the mounting mesh followed by plastering.

With data, manipulations are very important to take care of entrance door And also insulate her.

Mineral Wool and Glasswater

Fiberglass has low thermal conductivity indicators and resistant to burning.

At the same time, the material requires high-quality waterproofing, since water and any increase in humidity affects it.

Otherwise, he rotes in one season and the problem of insulation will again become open.

Polyurene Foolder

The material is the most reliable and durable method of insulation.

The absence of seams and resistance to moisture allows you to create a high level of thermal insulation and the maximum allowable microclimate indoor. In this case, the cost of material is quite high, if compared with previously represented analogs.

Polyurethane foam is an environmentally friendly material, so it will become the best option For insulation in rooms intended for storing vegetables and blanks.

Ceiling

Concrete plates of the ceiling in the cellar undergoes the greatest freezing. You can provide a dry and warm atmosphere by using moisture insulating substances that need to be treated with the ceiling.

After drying on top of the dry concrete, foam sheets are pasted and the dowels are additionally fixed. Also possible with rake stuffing and subsequent laying in them insulation.

After that, the mounting foam must be sealing all the seams of the structure. Then the mounting mesh and layer of plaster.

Floor

The floor takes an important role in ensuring the optimal temperature and favorable climate in the room. For reliability and durability, the floor covering requires hydro and heat insulation, which are achieved in several ways.

Warming using clay occurs in several stages, namely:

  • the base is aligned, after which it is covered with a rubberoid, on which the waterproofer is pasted;
  • ceramzite falls asleep, its layer should be 10-25 cm;
  • a concrete screed with reinforcement is poured onto the ceramzite.

Floor insulation steps with sand and rubble:

  • the prepared surface falls asleep by rubble by 15-20 cm, then - a layer of sand 5-10 cm;
  • the surface is covered with a rubberoid or a construction film for reliable waterproofing;
  • installation reinforced belt And the fill of concrete.

Floor insulation Foam:

  • preparation of gravel or sand pillow, subsequently closed with waterproofer;
  • laying foam on the surface;
  • fill tie.

Note: The cellar must necessarily have ventilation, which will ensure air circulation and reduce the formation of condensate.

It is worth remembering that the characteristics of the insulation are largely dependent on the location of the cellar, whether it is a garage, a barley or a separate building. Anyway, general recommendationsThe article presented in the article can be safely applied in practice.

How to insulate a cellar or basement, see the following video:

The cellar, like the basement, is intended for storing conservation and other food products. In order for him well to perform its functions, it is necessary to constantly maintain the optimum temperature and humidity indoors.

If you allow a minus temperature, all products will float, with excess heat, will become sluggish. Be sure to follow the level of humidity, otherwise the posture is not avoided. Therefore, the insulation of the cellar from the inside is a very important process.

It's important to know! Reducing the level of humidity can not be achieved only the insulation of the cellar, it is necessary to equip it with ventilation, which will adjust the content of water vapor in the room.

The main factors contributing to the freezing of the cellar are melting water. In some cases, groundwater becomes the problem that climb close to the surface. Therefore, before insulationing the cellar from the inside of freezing, it is necessary to determine the source of the problem. Finding out the causes of moisture, it is necessary to determine which depth the soil is freezing during the frost. And already pushing out the information received, you can decide on the thickness and choice of heat-insulating materials.

Materials for insulation cellar

Today's market suggests a large number of Heat insulating materials for the insulation of any surfaces, but you need to understand that not all are suitable for the insulation of the cellar. The insulation for the cellar must be able to maintain geometry, have good insulating properties, it should be resistant to water pressure and soil. What insulation are:

  • ceramzit;
  • glass gaming;
  • mineral wool;
  • ceramzite concrete;
  • red ceramic brick;
  • styrofoam;
  • cellulosic insulation;

Regarding the cellulosic insulation and mineral wool: they are not suitable for the insulation of the cellar, since they do not correspond to the necessary properties. If you compare insulation for the cellar, then in efficiency they will be located in the following order:


What exactly needs to be insulated in the cellar to exclude freezing

Consider in detail the basis of the insulation of all the enclosing cellar structures: the ceiling, walls, floor.

Heat ceiling

The ceiling insulation plays a major role in the formation of optimal temperature and humidity, because when cold air gets into the room, it threatens the formation of condensate on the ceiling and walls. So, how to insulate the ceiling in the cellar with their own hands.

  1. Inspection of the surface. It is necessary to inspect the ceiling coating for cracks in the seams between concrete slabs. After that, it is necessary to smear them with a putty with antiseptic additives. Regarding the dowels for fastening thermal insulation, they should also be thermally insulated.
  2. A vapor barrier membrane is attached to the covered surface to the ceiling. It is necessary in order for each subsequent operation from the cellar, moisture was normal, without forming condensate on the ceiling and walls. The membrane does not prevent the infiltration of wet air outward, and prevents the penetration of moisture outside. The material is a conventional polymer film, but having a special perforation.

The photo is clearly visible for the membrane for the insulation ceiling and aluminum suspensions

For the construction of steam barrier, the ceiling should be used by foam, the main composition of which is the foamed polyethylene, protected aluminum foil. His feature is that it serves as an excellent heat insulator, and aluminum acts as a screen, which reflects thermal energy Inside the room.

  1. Installing suspensions for the crate. It is necessary to choose a material that will be loyal with a wet room, such material includes a galvanized profile. It must be fixed on special suspensions. You can use as suspensions wooden barsBut it will add additional troubles. Bruks need to be treated with antiseptic and other hydrophobic compositions. Fastening will be carried on screws with dowels.

It's important to know! When working with suspensions, it is necessary to set the distance corresponding to the width of the foam. Otherwise, the gaps will remain.


How to insulate the floor

Floor insulation occurs according to a similar scheme, with the exception of several technologies. The lower layer will serve the runneroid or any other waterproofing material. Brucks for the design of the support lag should choose more durable, as they will experience a greater load. Top layer will serve plywood or boards.

This technology insulation technology is quite easy to install and not so high in price, but the tree has a big minus, it quickly comes in disrepair in moisture. Therefore, it is better to use extruded polystyrene. The material in its properties is very similar to foam.

As the insulation of the floor, the effective solution will be the use of a clay base.

Floor base - Ceramzit (insulation), then reinforcement light mesh and concrete screed

Sequence of work

Inspect the surface of the floor for cracks, in case of detection, you need to smell cement-sandy solution Makeup 1: 2 (sand and cement). When uneven surfaces are detected, you should perform a screed for beacons. After finishing the repair, you need to clean the surface from the garbage and make waterproofing. The best choice Floor treatment is a bitumen resin.

It's important to know! Polystyrene sheets can only be installed after complete drying of the bitumen resin.

As soon as the resin dries can be laid polystyrene sheets. Sheets need to be mounted so that the seams go to run. Having completed the laying of sheets mounted metal reinforcement grid. Reinforcement of the floor screed will avoid the appearance of cracks on the surface. The grid uses a light, from a smooth-circuit fitness of ∅3-4mm. Then the concrete is poured onto the grid and it is thoroughly aligned. Concerning outdoor coatingYou can leave a bare concrete or to build a modern polymer bulk floor.

How to insulate the walls

As a heat insulating material for insulation of walls, foam is most suitable. It is attached with the help of special dowels and glue. Foam fastening technology:


Video: Another effective method - the insulation of the cellar of Peniazole

In conclusion, we can say that the insulated cellar is a guarantee of the full preservation of the entire conservation and other winter blanks, despite the strengths of frost and heat. Wall insulated walls will retain the entire body indoors and create the optimal temperature and moisture.

The cellar is designed to store products: vegetables, preservation. Therefore, it is important to create in the underground room the temperature and humidity so that the products can be preserved in good condition.

For minus temperature Potatoes will freeze. Surplus heat make vegetables sluggish. If the moisture is accumulated in the basement, do not avoid posting.

We describe how and what materials it is better to insulate the cellar from the inside.

We put the task

Cellar - very important room In the house for the needs of the farm.

Any room is better to warm up along the construction. But practice shows that most often insulate already ready buildings. Therefore, we assume that we have a cellar.

His walls are composed of bricks, the role of the ceiling plays reinforced concrete plate. Floor as such is not, or rather the floor is soil.

The structure is solid and reliable, however, in winter on the inner walls appears, and with the arrival of the first spring months of moisture condenses on all structures.

How to insulate such a design right? Is it possible to insulate the underground room from the outside?

In most cases, builders advise to sew the cellar from the inside with foam plates.

This material is inexpensive and easy to mounted on any walls. Let's try to find satisfactory answers to all the questions.

Determine the source of problems

There may be several reasons for the presence of water indoors. Click on the photo to enlarge.

In the cellar described by us, a lot of moisture. In winter, it freezes, forms frost, in the spring condenses on the walls and the ceiling. The source of moisture should be determined.

Perhaps the cellar penetrate the spring melting water. Then you have to triple the waterproofing protection of the room.

Sometimes groundwater rises close to the surface. In such cases, do not do without the structure of drainage structures.

It may turn out that water penetrates after the rains through the flaw flared. Insulation, then does not help.

To begin with, it will take to put pipes for removal of rainwater, then plaster and coat with waterproofing of the penetrating plate of the overlap plate.

Before the start of work on insulation, it is also necessary to find out the level of which primers the soil in this area. Based on the collected information, it will be possible to determine the thickness and type of material for insulating work and waterproofing.

Best insulation option

It is best to carry out the insulation of the cellar outside. Surely, many smile, reading this.

Scheme of thermal insulation of the basement. Click to enlarge.

Pour the cellar walls is difficult. You will have to turn the mountains of the soil. But only warmed outside the walls will effectively hold cold and moisture.

If the insulation is stuck from the inside, brick wall will remain in the freezing zone. Water will gradually told the design and will soon be seated in the cellar.

Walls in such conditions will quickly come into disrepair.

Warmed outside the walls will not freeze. If we carry a thermal cake with several rubberoid sheets, then get rid of the wet and the plates of the insulation, and the wall itself.

If the cellar is already built, you will have to discard the ground from the walls, then wait until the brick is dry. Work is better to start in warm and dry weather.

Sequence of work:

  1. we remove the ground;
  2. we take a break in the works while the wall will dry;
  3. glue foam plates, additionally secure them with dowels;
  4. construction with rubberoid to protect against moisture;
  5. you can fall asleep ground back.

Insulation of internal cellar structures

It is clear that any structure is better to warm out from the outside. But in the case of the cellar, it is not easy, so more often the underground room is inside. How to insulate the walls of the cellab with inner? First of all, we will define the material.

So fasten foam sheets. Click on the photo to enlarge.

Polyfoam - insulation number one. It is used for insulation more than forty years, all his positive characteristics and flaws are well known. Foam plates are quite possible to insulate the cellar from the inside.

The insulation is strong enough, it does not crumble. Polyfoam is not damaged by moisture. He will not rot if condensate will appear on the insulation design. Polyfoam is not necessarily insulated from water with film structures.

Solar plates are easily mounted. They are glued with a special composition or fasten with a dowel with wide heads (mushrooms). The plates can be easily cut into a knife to admit in the corner or on the ledge.

Cons of foams are also known to everyone. Material in honor of rodents. Sometimes they prefer to nibble insulation even in cases where beets and potatoes are stored in the basement. Polyfoam burns, so it should be fixed next to the electrical wiring.

How to insulate the walls of the cellar with foam:

  1. all the gaps of the inner surface of the walls should be sealing with sealant or blew foam;
  2. if there are irregularities, it is better to smooth out, it will be difficult for uneven walls to exactly attach the foam plate;
  3. the wall should be coated with moisture insulation material, such as liquid rubber;
  4. when moisture insulation will dry, we begin to glue the plate of foam;
  5. glowing begins at the bottom, the slabs put an online jack, all the cracks bloom foam;
  6. for reliability, we screw the insulation of the dowels, one fastener in the middle of the slab, the rest in the corners;
  7. on top of the insulating cake glue the mounting grid, the floor can be applied to the plaster.

Ceiling and floor

Ceiling designs also need warming. If the building stands separately, water can penetrate from above in the cellar. How to insulate the ceiling in the cellar?

Concrete slabs are often used for the construction of foundations and for overlap. Concrete is not able to isolate the room from the cold. Concrete plate In the summer heats up heavily, and winter freezes. Through the concrete in the cellar can leak water.

Inside concrete base There are the smallest capillaries for which moisture can move. To establish a warm and dry atmosphere in the cellar, the slab overlap will have to be insulated and treated with moisture insulation materials.

Sequence of work:

  1. the concrete slab is better soaked with penetrating waterproofing composition; The substance fills the capillaries and cracks in concrete and block the path of moisture;
  2. when the stove is dry, glue to its surface of the plate of foam, then additionally fixes their dowels;
  3. mounting mesh and layer plaster.

If you are important to insulate the cellar from the inside mineral Vata.You will have to build another design. Wooden bars fasten on the wall or ceiling. Inside the crates are placed by mats of mineral or basalt wool. The insulation is also paved with steamproof films so that the wool does not go.

For the floor you can offer various options. Speakers are often used, clamzit, other insulation materials.

How to reduce humidity

We told how to warm the cellar correctly. Wall insulated from the inside will keep warm. But through the insulation and moisture films will not be able to go out. Water drops will be condensed on the walls and the ceiling. Rota and mold will appear. Fungal organisms can be multiplied.

How to cope with excess moisture? Be sure to provide a hole for ventilation. The circulating air will capture steam and take it out.

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