The porch of a private house or country cottage is a kind of "face" of the construction. Attracting attention and serving reliable support The design of the porch allows not only to get inside the house, but also to spend your free time, comfortably sitting on the air.

Features and building rates

In essence, the porch is a kind of extension with steps to the building, with which you can enter the room or get out of it. It is important enough to give the finished, neat species of particular or cottage houseAnd also protects the structure from snow and rain. Most often, the design parameters are thought out yet at the project stage, but one of its features is the possibility of an extension after the construction of the building itself.

Traditionally, the material that is used to build the dwelling itself is also used for the construction of the porch or veranda. Therefore, W. wooden house There should be a porch of wood, and the brick is made of bricks. However, most often even to brick house Adjust the wooden veranda with steps, since this material is cheaper and easier to work.

Before proceeding with the construction, it is necessary not only to choose the design you like and produce all the calculations, but also familiarize yourself with the main construction regulations.

• The pad under the porch must be made quite spacious, since the width of the design is recommended to choose so that two people can freely break on it (at least 1.5 m).
• The door should be unorded to open outward, allowing people standing on the porch, avoid a collision with it. The playground itself can be attached to the wall of the facade or rely on separate poles, the main thing is that it is lower than the edge of the front door for 3-5 cm. This is quite important, since in the winter season the porch will be lifted and can block the entrance to the room.

• The width of the stairs, according to regulations, should be at least 1 m, and the height of the stage should not be less than 16 and more than 20 cm for a comfortable descent and lifting. The most comfortable depth will be a step of 25-30 cm. From the size of the steps, the total coolness (slope) of the staircase march depends: the less, the more comfortable rise. In order for water during precipitation, the water has accumulated on the site or steps and did not spoil them, it is necessary to either leave small gaps between adjacent boards or bricks, or install the pad and stage under a minor slope.
• The foundation under the porch is best to put separately, to attach it to the ready under the home itself is not necessary. It is recommended to build two types of foundations under the porch: the fuse or column. If possible, you can build a frame system from reinforcing rods, which will increase the reliability and durability of the structure.

Types of designs

Depending on the type of design, the porch can be:

• open;
• closed;
• on two sides;
• in the form of a tambura, terraces and even gazebo.

The closed design has a greater protection against wind and precipitation. In summer, it can be hidden from the scorching sun under it, and in winter, even the largest snowfall does not notice the entrance door and does not block it. However, such a design is not easy in installation and quite expensive. The playground of the porch is completely overlapped by a canopy, a visor can be above the staircase, the sides are closed with fences to the height of the railil or completely. This design is perfect for any home with the right selection of design and materials.

An open small porch is much cheaper and erected easier.It has only railing and a small canopy, which sometimes does not even cover the entire platform. In the simplest case, the canopy and railing at the porch may also be absent, but if the extension is high enough, the absence of a fence is a certain danger. Most often, such simple appropriate designs are erected around country housesthat B. winter Just not used. A small foundation of such a porch is assigned to outdoor wallAnd the extension itself consists of only a pair of steps and a small place at the door and protect against rain and snow is not able.

The design of the Tambura is a small closed buffer zone, which reduces the temperature difference indoors and on the street. Tambour also reduces heat loss in winter and enhances coolness inside the house in the summer season.

The porch with a staircase descending into two sides is erected in the case when the construction of a conventional staircase is impossible due to the presence of surplus structures. The layout layout allows you to descend into the other side, which is necessary, and to rise from any side without bypassing around the porch. Before it is raised, it is better to consider other options, as the design is quite complex and expensive.

The terrace is often mistakenly called the "veranda".Their main difference is that the veranda is located under one roof with the main structure and stands with it on one foundation, and the terrace is completed close to the house. Most often, the roof terrace is an open design with a large canopy or without it. On the terrace you can arrange street furniture or beautiful vases with flowers.

The porch-gazebo looks like an open veranda and is built, as a rule, from a tree. Instead of the roof, you can put a mesh framework over such a gazebo, which in the summer woven wild grapes or rosehip.

Dimensions and forms

The first thing that is worth paying attention to the design of the porch design is its size.

• They depend on the dimensions of the country itself: for a small dacha house It is inappropriate to build a large closed terrace for two rooms, and the small gear staircase will be strange to look at a gorgeous country mansion.
• Dimensions should not contradict the construction standards. If the house is built on uneven terrain, the porch is more convenient to erect with high basement, staircase and railings. To support heavy canopy over a large porch, you can build beautiful columns around the perimeter.

The shape of the porch may depend on the configuration of the street staircase and be:

• rectangular;
• angular;
• in the form of a trapezium;
• radial: semicircular, oval, round;
• asymmetric.

There are no strict instructions in choosing a shape of the porch, it is selected in accordance with the design of the site and at home. Rectangular and square structures give a certain rigor and weight. Round, on the contrary, soften the general type of facility. The design should not necessarily be the perfect circle, just outset a small circle and remove sharp corners.

The original solution will be an angular porch, which can be absolutely any form. You can construct a trapezoidal platform, triangular and even completely asymmetric complex design. The main thing is that the porch harmoniously complemented a single designer idea, and did not make a discount.

Selection of material

For the construction of a large monolithic structure, natural and natural and fake diamond. Durable and wear-resistant granite, but its price is in the market building materials It is high enough and use it during the construction of elite real estate. For more economical options, sandstone is used, which is easy to process independently, and which perfectly fit into any design.

The finished stone porch can be bred using clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware.

There are special sets for sale in which three types of tiles include:

• for facing steps;
• standard product of various sizes;
• corner for steps.

With all the grace and beauty of stone structures, wood remains the most popular material for the construction of stairs and sites. It is best to choose wood solid rocks, such as oak or alder. A more economical option is the boards from Linden and larch. Before mounting, the tree must be treated with a special solution with an antiseptic that protects wood fibers from rotation processes. So that the wooden steps are not slippery, small furrows can be cut down on the edges.

You can also build a brick design or metal profile, put a wrought ladder.

Foundation

The optimal option of the foundation for the pile wooden platform is piles. Such a design is economical and easy to build it on the site with your own hands over a short time. In addition, a column foundation allows you to make a porch high enough and install it on an uneven surface.

Tape and slab foundations should be done in the event that the construction of a large veranda or patio is planned. The slab foundation is tied to the foundation of the house, which allows you to install the porch even on the movable soil.

Stages of manufacture

Since the most popular option is the construction of a wood porch, it will be advisable to consider all the stages of manufacturing in its example.

• Design.Before you begin to build anything with your own hands, you need to think over and calculate. The design of the porch, width and length of the site and stairs are selected. The number of steps is calculated in such a way that the person has stroked the foot to the site to the foot with which the ladder started. It is advisable to provide for the presence of fences, canopy and rail. It is not recommended to attach the construction to the very construction of a monolithic compound, as cracks may occur due to different shrinkage in the ground. Based on the selected parameters, a common design drawing is created, as well as small schemes of individual attachments and elements that can be taken with you when buying materials or quickly viewed when performing construction work.

• Preparation of materials, the construction of the foundation.It is necessary to purchase a bar for mounting the reference pillars with a cross section of 100x200 mm, the boards from the selected material of 30 mm thick, racks with a thickness of 50 mm for railings and fences. Additionally acquired antiseptics for wood processing and cement to consolidate the support poles.

From the tools, you may need various fasteners (self-tapping screws, nails), shovel, saw. For measurements it is the most convenient to use the construction tape measure and the level, fix the details of the screwdriver or hammer.

Unlike the ribbon or slant foundation, the pile does not require large monetary and temporary investments. The bars must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and give them to dry. Then placing the installation sites of the support and dig up in the places of the pocket of 70-80 cm deep. At the bottom of these pits it is necessary to lay sand with gravel to increase the stability of the foundation pillars.

Piles are lowered into the pit and align in level, only after that you can pour them concrete solution. After complete drying of the supports, which are adjacent to the wall of the house, can be screwed to it with self-tapping screws. This will add the strength of the resulting structure.

• Manufacture of a Kooowar, fastening steps. Kosur (or Agreement) Stairs is a side element that holds the steps. All stairs have such an element in their design and differ only in the method of fastening steps: with mortise, valves and attached corners. To accommodate the buses on the koser, it is necessary to make a small pattern, one side of which corresponds to the size of the horizontal part of the stage (sticking), and the second - vertical part (approach). The valve is cut with a saw according to the outlined lines, a concrete reference site is formed at the place of its compound.

• Build construction.After the final drying of the concrete on the reference site, you can proceed directly to the installation of the entire design. The finished boosters are attached to the supports of the upper edge and to the lags of the reference platform by the lower either by means of roasted, or using the Schip-PAZ method. Then the wooden floor of the site is mounted, the boards are tightly adjusted and connected with nails or self-tapping screws. It is important to leave a few slits so that water does not accumulate during the rain.
• Laying steps, installation of railings and canopy.The laying begins at the bottom, the steps are fastened with the help of the Schip-Paz method and are additionally fixed with small self-draws. The first is attached to the risers, and it is already fixed. Lastly, the railing and canopy are mounted, if it is scheduled.

How to paint?

Ready wooden porch can be processed different waysto save or improve it appearance. With the help of wax, you can protect the fibers of the tree from moisture and mud, which negatively affects its strength. A carved wooden porch can be covered with varnish, which will not only protect the material, but also make numerous faces and feeding to wake in the rays of the sun, revealing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe wizard. However, the most simple way Finishing wooden structures located on the street is painting.

If you raised a house house from a tree on your site, then an absolutely logical solution will build a porch to wooden house do it yourself. Despite the seeming complexity, this task is by no means so impracticable, and it will be for almost every master with his head and hands.

In addition to aesthetic load, the good porch is noteworthy primarily, this facade element has specific functional purposes:

• Protection of the entrance to the house from rainfall in the form of rain, snow and hail;
• Creation of a canopy, creating a comfortable shadow, and protecting Songs from heat and heat in the warm season;
• It is possible to create a recreation area, in the case of the arrangement of a large porch in the form of a veranda.
• Well, the most important thing is the staircase for which we will climb into our cozy dwelling.

Consequently, before taking the hammer and the chisel to take a pretty thinking over the foregoing, and take into account all the nuances, making the necessary amendments to the construction plan.

Proportions and sizes

We think that it is not a secret to anyone that the people built residential buildings from the obikov of centuries, taking the size of the human body and its psychological perception of the surrounding space. An exception is not a porch, which should meet certain requirements of human physiology.

All the following dimensions are generally accepted, and are used in construction everywhere. You, if necessary, free to change the main proportions, according to your preference and requirements, but do not forget about the reliability of the design.

Now let's do more:

• To create a free approach to the door, you need to provide an open space that will allow you to open the door without interfering with it, be in front of it worth a person;
• If you focus on building rates, the width width in front of a single door should not be less than 1M 60 cm - this value is minimal;
• For a two-dimensional version of the door leaf - the norm regulates the distance of 2 meters;
• The distance from the doorway to the first stage starts from the mark of 1 meter: this value is worth adjusting, looking at the width of the doorway - the wider, the distance is more;
• To protect the steps and the pad from the effects of direct sunlight and precipitation, the length of the visor at the porch should go beyond the boundaries of these items. Typically leave a protrusion of 30 centimeters.

Now, with regard to human physiology. There are also certain laws derived in specific formulas and values:

• The average length of the step in an adult is about 63 cm. Based on this, the optimal values \u200b\u200bof the height and depth of the steps are derived. They constitute 16 -19 cm and 25 - 33 cm, respectively;
• If nature has endowed you with non-standard dimensions, then when designing a porch, you can use the formula shown in the picture above. Its essence is that in the width of your step should be proportional to two heights and one step of steps. At the same time, the height should be less than the depth of one and a half - twice.
• Running the cover of the step from the riser should not be more than five centimeters, otherwise you will constantly stumble about them, risking to get injured, especially in winter, when the surface of the staircase is covered with a layer of land or Inea.

Tip! Sure, the best way To protect yourself from the winter is to attach a closed porch to a wooden house, but it is not always done. Therefore, take care of the device for anti-slip coating in advance, and scroll on time with steps.

To ensure safe movement on the stairs in the winter season and not only, you need to equip the passages. The instruction regulates that any staircase, having from three or more steps, should possess this element.

The standard layout of the handrail varies in the limit of 80 to 90 centimeters.

The next requirement is mandatory in the design, but not always adopted in practice when erecting the porch with their own hands - a person moves in space so that when climbing the staircase march, he starts and finishes him from one foot. Therefore, the correct staircase must consist of an odd number of steps (in apartment houses From the height of the floor 2.5 meters, the number of stages in the march is 9).

What else should be considered before starting the construction of a wooden house porch?

The level of the site in front of the door should be located below the border of the door canvase on 5, or even 10 centimeters. Otherwise, you risk that as a result of the seasonal fluctuation of the soil, the raised porch blocked the door, and will not give her freely to turn away.

Foundation and place under it

Like any other construction, the construction of the porch begins with the foundation. All sizes and heights you must take back at the design stage - ideally, you have to have a full-fledged drawing. If you do not have enough skill in carrying out such works, we recommend attracting a third-party specialist who will cope with such a simple task for it for a very short time.

Tip! It is better to be a smartly serious builder, but with the correct drawing than the master for all hands, which is little represents the final result.

The designer will indicate in the drawings a complete porch circuit along with the foundation. It will determine the type of soil and issued the necessary recommendations to ensure that the design is reliable, and served as long as possible.

Among other data, the depth of the soil will be also indicated (this is extremely important information when the foundation device), below which you need to dig trenches under the foundation, or to bury wells. If you abandoned the services of a professional, then these data will have to be sought in the "network", where limit values \u200b\u200bare posted for each of the regions of our vast homeland.

The foundation for a wooden porch can be three types:

• Wooden piles - The most common, inexpensive and simple solution for such purposes. It is it that we are writing in this article.

• Metal piles - Form with horizontal jumpers durable and smooth frame, covered with wood outside. The price of such a solution will be higher, and besides, you will need to hire a master who securely strengthen and weld the frame into a single design. The minuses include the fact that the metal has a solid weight, and for work you will need at least three people, sometimes, with the involvement of lifting equipment.

This solution is better to use if you want to perform a terrace of synthetic composite materials, which are very demanding of the grounds of the base, and fit into special profiles, or, on the contrary, the porch size has small dimensions, and it consists only of steps that will contrast with the main Facade of the building.

• Concrete or block - It is the capital base under the porch, which requires compliance with certain norms when an extension to a wooden house. Types of concrete foundations There is a great set, but the main requirement in their construction is that between it and the house, or rather its basis, must necessarily provide a deformation seam.

What is it needed for? During when seasonal soil movements occur, due to the difference in the loads that are experiencing structures, foundations in the places of their joints can crack.

The deformation seams are filled with elastic materials in order to prevent moisture from entering it. For these purposes, rubber gaskets are perfectly suitable, or mineral woolwhich are subsequently closed by a special nickname.

On this we will finish our preparations and begin to disassemble the construction process

Make yourself

As already mentioned, we build a porch to the wooden house we are only from the tree so that it is most harmonious fit into the overall picture of the facade. Next about everything in order.

The base under the porch

Well, now let's disassemble the construction of the foundation wooden bar. And we begin with the fact that we will place a plot with the help of the beans and roulette.

This is done approximately as shown in the photo above.

• The wall and doorway are the main benchmarks that you need to measure all the necessary distances, not forgetting to observe direct angles in the places of crossing lines.
• To do this, with an accuracy of a millimeter, unwind the lengths of the segments. Skobinte in the resulting rectangle both diagonals that should be equal to each other.
• If you are alien to straight angles, and you have chosen the porch of an unusual form, for example, pentagrams, then focus on the geometric features of the figure, which you plan to revive.
• Next, we determine the location of the piles - usually these corners of the terrace, including adjacent to the house, and the corners of the first stage. If the porch and the staircase have solid dimensions, then increase the amount of piles at the rate of 2 piles per 1 - 1.2 meters of free span. This value can vary greatly depending on the thickness of the bars of the lower strapping of the veranda, and reach 2.4 m with a cross section of 100 * 150 mm.
• Now it is necessary to drill at these well points, a depth of 15 to 30 centimeters in excess of the depth of the soil freezing.
• So that the moisture is better separated from wooden pilesIt is necessary to make a drainage pillow from the river sand of the middle fraction and gravel, which fall asleep into the holes alternately, in small layers.

• Next, the holes are installed in the holes, the filtered ends of which are pre-treated with waterproofing material (bitumen), or burned on the bonorable for the same purposes. Such processing will protect the tree from premature rotting and damage.
• If the terrace size has impressive dimensions, or the piles will go up, forming the base for the porch visor, then asbestos-cement pipes are placed in the holes, the inside of which concrete is poured for three quarters from the depth of the well. But before they are exhibited by vertical, tram around with rubble and soil, and the reinforcing belt is made inside.
• Such a design will continue to fix the pile and protect the wood.

• Next are installed piles (in pits or asbestos-cement pipes, after solidification of concrete), which must be set strictly on the plane and vertical, and for a while firmly fix. Use the draft crate, stretching and wedges for this, exposing the design like a tent.
• After fixing, fill the space around the concrete, mixed on the screening and fine crushed it - such a concrete will be much stronger. Do not forget that we have to make a rather impressive layer.
• Piles, adjacent to the house, are attached to the wall with the help of long self-tapping screws, anchors or nails.

All further work is made only after the complete pouring of the concrete.

Installation of Kosoury

Steps on the staircase march can be mounted in various ways, but most often the wizard use structures on assets. ATA is an inclined guide of a support that ensures reliable fixation of the steps.

You can attach the step to the tutor, inserting it into the groove, or using the screws, nails, studs, wanks, or special fasteners from steel for fixation. But most often used the testers that have cuts under steps, which are stacked on top. Such instruments are called Kosomers.

You can independently make Kosourk task not so complicated. It is enough just to accurately place the boards and make direct feeds on all tags, for which you will be very useful to pre-harvested the drawing of the stairs.

From the tools you will need:

• A circular saw;
• Cornel and pencil;
• Meter;
• Wooden hacksaw.

The number of bosom harvested, first of all, determines the shape of the stairs and its width. Sometimes you can meet options on one Kourow, but such work is the privilege of qualified specialists. We will also need a minimum of two supports, the number of which will grow depending on the width of the passage.

Kosomers can be divided into two main types that differ not only by the form, but also the complexity of the manufacture:

1. Steps - we showed them in the photo above. They have triangular cuts placed at the same distance from each other along the entire length of the part. This design has one disadvantage - the beam, after drunk in its body, the slots, thin and loses it in strength.
2. Kosouras with "lumps" - have smaller slits, and are equipped with additional elements, actually "lumps" and the wrenches for fixing them. Such a design is only an experienced carpenter, so we will not advise it beginners.

Kosomers are the most time-consuming and complex parts of the erected porch. Performing marking and sawing boards, show a special scrupulusity, often rechecking, and comparing the result with already drank items.

Tip! To make several cosoms of the same form, use a stencil that pre-drink from plywood, tight cardboard Or a piece of MDF.

• If the width of the sticking in the Kourow can be less than the actual stage (styling with the release), then the height of the risk must accurately correspond to the height of the same name of the trim.
• Do not forget to consider that the upper step of the Kouryer should be the continuation of the main platform of the porch. Consider this at the markup stage of this item.
• So that the supports were durable and did not be bombed under the weight of people walking through the porch, should be used as a board with an end cross section of at least 60 * 300 mm. So you guarantee yourself the quality of the future product.
• Use the boards for these purposes that do not have cracks and drop-down bumps. Beware and overwhelmed wood, which has greatly lost strength.
• Since our construction is external, the contact of the staircase with moisture and ultraviolet is provided. Of course, you can buy boards cheaper, from soft rocks (pine, fir, etc.), and to treat them with special impregnations, but it will be better to immediately take solid rocks that are not only more resistant to the above-mentioned troubles, but also have a good density making them Sustainable mechanical loads.

Leaders among such breeds are oak, Siberian larch, beech or maple. The price of lumber will be higher, but also serves such a porch much longer.

Before starting the assembly of all elements into a single design, it is necessary to treat wood with antibacterial impregnations and antipirens - substances that protect the tree from fire.

After complete drying, impregnations can be started:

• We set on the strengthened pile bars of the lower strapping - they are attached from the outside on nails or long screws.
• Around the pile in the place of attachment you can lay waterproofing.
• I cut the groove in the horizontal beam to lay the upper edge of the taper or cosomes in them.
• The lower part of the rower is laid on the support horizontal overlay in the form of a bar. At the same time, it washed can be done both in the beam and in the Kosher. In the first case, it is better to connect the elements with steel corners, and in the second - studs.

• Next, we establish lags, forming the basis of the future platform. They are put on the same level with lower strapping, and are attached with the help of special stainless steel brackets.

• The thickness of the lags should not be less than 5 centimeters, as it should have been withstanding the weight of people walking through it without deflection.
• Place them perpendicular to the direction of styling of a terrace board, which will cover the floor afterwards. The laying distance is 50 cm.
• Next, the flooring flooring is performed, which is placed with the verified gap for the removal of water.
• Staying steps begins with the bottom - first put the risers, then come off.
• The mount is performed by galvanized self-drawing with a wide hat that you need to drown a little. To do this, drill first a narrow hole for the self-tapping screw, and expand its edge to a wider drill slightly, creating a tilt.
• In the future, you will need to hide the holes using a wood putty.
• To do this, you can purchase a special bracket, and use carpentry glue.

On this we will finish our review in which we disassemble the construction of a wooden porch to the house with your own hands. As you might make sure the process is very fascinating, and it will be under the power of many of us. additional information You can remove about him from the video in this article, where an experienced master Performs a similar job.

The porch is the first thing to see guests, it can be considered a business card of any home. At the design of the porch there is an impression not only about the house, but also about his owner. And the more careful and attractive it looks, the better.

IN decorative purposes Sculptures, flowers, columns, carved bales are often used. But at the same time you need to take into account the overall stylist. Suppose, a chic stone porch is not suitable for a simple wooden house, and, on the contrary, for a huge brick structure, a small porch from a tree will look ridiculous.

The main components of the structure is:

• Steps;
• Railing;
• Visor;
• Playground.

Varieties of Kryground

There are many types of porks. They differ in size, materials from which they are made, additional elements and functionality.

To begin with, consider the most common. It is suitable for a small home or cottage. Build it easier.

Brick porch Will look organically next to the brick house. However, with proper decoration, it can be done for a wooden house and buildings, covered by other materials.

Porch with columns Not suitable for each house. First, because it is not easy to enter in common design. Secondly, not many style materials are combined with columns. The columns will fit well into the construction of brick or stone.

Glazed porch Especially relevant for the cold climate. Design it is more complicated than usual, but in its functionality, such a porch exceeds the main types.

Porch design

Before proceeding directly to construction, it is necessary to at least have a whole plan of the structure in the head. But it is better to portray him on paper and calculate all sizes, pay attention to all nuances.

For the project it is important to provide:

• Area information adjacent parts (doors, tracks);
• Building materials;
• Instruments;

An example of a project is shown in the figure. This porch consists of:

1. reference part;
2. steps;
3. handrail;
4. side part in the form of a flower bed;
5. cargo.

The porch is usually done so that it was on the same level with the 1st floor of the house, but it is necessary to take into account the stock for the front door, which should be at least 5 cm from the porch site (as in accordance with the fire safety technique, the entrance door Must be opened out).

When designing, you should consider the canopy or a full-fledged roof to protect against precipitation. We must definitely think about the fences, since in the winter period the stage is often ignited. Move on them without support at this time will be dangerous.

How to pick up materials for the porch

When choosing materials for the porch, it is best to rely on what the main building is made. As already mentioned, a tree is suitable for a wooden house, to brick - brick. At the same time, it is possible to choose and compositions from different materials. But for this they need to be properly assembled and adjusted. For example, the porch is harmoniously fit into a spacious stone house, and the cladding of ceramics will make such a construction original.

The construction of wood is elected easier, since it does not need a big support, which means that you can do without a foundation. But this material has obvious disadvantages - low strength.

how additional material Metal is quite good. It is usually mounted on a concrete base.

Important! Do not forget about waterproofing, in a wet and cold climate, it plays a big role.

How to calculate the size of the porch

It would seem that the dimensions can not be particularly bothering, but this is not the case, because the porch first should be safe. And besides convenient.

Area at the door. Let's start with the observation: to open the door, a person first approaches the door, turns, inserts the key, opens, and then takes a step back. To do all these actions, you need a certain space and left and right from the door, as well as before it.

There are construction norms that are regulated by the size of the porch. They differ depending on the single door or bivalve.

For the first depth should be at least one and a half meters, width from one and a half to one meter sixty centimeters. For the second at the same depth, the width should be over two meters. Of course, you do not need to take these parameters as an ideal. It will be better if they become a little exceeded. This is necessary to take care if the porch is high.

Stairs. Their width differs from structures inside buildings, external must be more comfortable and safe. It is recommended to make a commencement of at least 30 centimeters.

Moreover, often the number of steps is small, then their height, on the contrary, should be reduced compared to the inner stairs. A good height in this case is in the range of 14 to 17 centimeters.

Railings and fences. If the porch is more than 3 steps with a height, then the fences do on it. The size of the rail is suitable standard - 80-90 centimeters.

Light. The lighting is important in the construction of the porch, since this is a place of particular trauma. Here there is the same rule of 3 steps, that is, if in the stairs 4 and more steps, then one lamp is not enough. You need to hang at least two so that they cover the porch from different sides. This is due to the fact that the lighting device located above the door gives a greater shadow, as a result of which the steps are not viewed properly.

Visor. What is it needed for? The first answer is the answer: hide from the rain. But, in addition, he is also intended to protect the steps from precipitation, which is especially important in winter. Therefore, the visor should be wider than the porch. It is recommended that it be at least 30 centimeters is longer than the porch from all sides.

Such a large visor reduces the amount of light, especially if windows are located under it. To solve this problem, a polycarbonate can be used for the purpose of building such a roof.

Build a porch for home with your own hands

Consider the option of building the porch, the price of which is most consistent with the quality. To do this, it is necessary to make the basis of the usual foundation with the strengthening of its reinforcement and in several layers of the cement-eyed.

Such a porch can be separated by tiles, a stone or any other suitable material.

Preparatory work

The construction of the porch, like any other object, begins with clearing the place and markup. This is done in order to save time in the future. Also purchased all required tool and material (fittings, sand and cement).

Foundation from concrete

It is easy to guess that everything starts with the creation of a foundation, under which the first thing you need to dig the pit (depth is equal to the size of the foundation of the house itself). Then, according to the rules, the gravel and sand pillow should be filled, and then pour concrete by setting the formwork.

Norms and rules should be followed so that in the next few years it has not had to restore the porch.

To base the foundation, there will be a broken brick, on top of which a grid is installed from ribbed reinforcement. It will strengthen the foundation and secures it with the foundation of the main building. Next you need to make fittings from the foundation of the structure, the future threshold will be poured over it. After it turned out the finished "floor" under the base, it should be driven into it more vertical pieces of fittings, which are poured on top with a good cement solution.

Foundation of the porch

After the foundation base is flooded, it's time to move to the formation of the base of the porch. For this purpose, a suction brick is suitable. They should lay out the basis of the design, given the necessary dimensions. At this stage, do not forget about waterproofing, since the brick is sensitive to high humidity. Need horizontal, and vertical types of waterproofing - the base is cut off from the porch, the entire base is treated with aquazol or a double layer of rubberoid.

Laying Stepes

The moment of laying steps. It is useful for high-quality bricks, it is not recommended to take the ex-used. In principle, almost any type of brick is suitable. It is placed on a conventional solution, convenient for the builder. It is necessary to approach this stage with special accuracy, because the steps are the main part of this structure.

Finish and decoration

There is no big difference wooden one or a brick porch, because the main is ease of use, high quality, reliability and durability. But also not in the last place is the aesthetic component.

Therefore, it is necessary to decorate the porch of the house. To increase the service life stands with a metal corner to separate the edges of the steps.

For the integrity of the architectural ensemble you need to be carried out in the finish coordinated color solutions. So, if there are forging elements in the enclosing structures, it would be nice to use similar elements in the design of the railings and a pilaster for a canopy.

Different directions in the decoration of the porch

Examples beautiful decor You can see in video

Classic. In this case, a two-sheet canopy, accurate railing and round balusters are required. How the facing is suitable stone or tile.

In the style of "Castle". Sufficiently massive design decorated natural stone. In decorative purposes, you can use lamps-torches, grilles, heavy furniture.

Old Russian epoch. In Russia parade input The traditional wooden house was taking high, on large heavy supports, and it was quite spacious. As decorations, it was customary to use patterns and carved elements in large quantities.

Porch patio. Such a structure looks like an outdoor terrace adjacent to the house. There are shops, tables, chairs on it. At the same time, it is not in all cases on the construction of the roof.

European style. For this design, discreet lines and correct features are characteristic. As a rule, such a porch is a low design. For cladding take ceramic tiles Or a suitable variety of stone.

French style. Special feature here is the "French window". Although in fact it is a door made with an openwork lattice. For complement, flowers are used in suspended porridge, woven and wooden furniture.

Whatever the design of the porch is chosen, it is important to remember the compliance with the construction technologies and the quality of the materials. Subject to the fulfillment of these requirements, the porch will last long. And finally, I want to post photos various design Porks for wooden, brick and other houses.

The porch is an integral part of any private house, cottage or cottage. The manufacture of a porch made of wood has a mass gain, among which allocate the availability of materials and simplicity of their installation. About how to make a wooden porch and talk about his varieties further.

Wooden porch: Features and types

Having come to the house, guests first draw attention to the design of the porch, so special attention should be paid to the arrangement of this element. The porch has a special beauty and spectacivity of a wooden house. It is not only characterized by practicality, but also emphasizes the environmental friendliness of materials from which the whole house is built.

A wooden porch is called an external extension, which is close to the building, most often at the entrance door. The lack of a porch at home gives him an unfinished appearance. Therefore, if the porch did not plan to build a building in the process of building, many think about its arrangement for many years after the construction of the house.

The porch is not only aesthetic component of the structure, but performs both practical functions, namely, in winter it prevents snow to enter the door, is an additional heat insulator.

In relation to constructive features, such types of the porch distinguish:

• simple - have the appearance of an open site, on which a small number of steps are located, and any enhancement structures on such a porch are missing;
• partially closed areas - structures that have a small lateral fence, its main function is to decorate and protect the main building;
• attached - porch, which is located near the building and in appearance resembles a small extension;
• built-in - version of the equipment of the porch, which involves its arrangement in one of the premises of the building, for example, in the veranda, such a porch reliably protects the house from various kinds of sounds and at the same time actuates the heat insulator.

Closed or built-in porch options imply their use as winter gardens, places to receive guests or a place to leisure.

In addition, this type of porch is distinguished as a patio. This design has an enlarged area and allows you to conduct parties in it. Patio is an intermediate combination of a porch with a terrace. The main advantages of such a porch is simplicity and multifunctionality.

Wooden porch construction options with their own hands

It is the porch that allows you to take care of the design of the frontal part of the building. With the help of a properly selected design of the porch at home, there is an opportunity in emphasizing the integrity, architectural style and attractiveness of the structure.

Wooden porch It will be an excellent addition to the house made from a rounded log, glued timber, flaws, etc. The house made by the manual logging has not only a spectacular appearance, but also has a special energy. The use of solid logs is characterized by high strength and durability.

If the structure is made of timber, then a semi-open-type porch will become an ideal porch, made of logs. It requires special skill and creative approach. For the construction of such a porch, you should hire experienced professionals who possess the skills of knitting logs.

If the porch is assumed for a small country house, it is preferable to choose an option with a simplified design. This requires a roughly treated tree.

Frame houses suggest simultaneous building at home with a porch. In this embodiment, it has an extension or veranda form. First, the frame is mounted, and then it is made.

Wooden porch photo:

Wooden Porch Design Features

There are a large number of options ready projects Wooden porch. In addition, it is possible an option to order an individual development of this element, the specialists engaged in design. If the financial situation does not allow this to do, then the design should be done on their own.

On the constructive features The buildings affect the architectural performance of the house, the height of its foundation, landscape features And overall design. The porch is equipped in the form of one or two sites, open, semi-open or closed types.

The main component of the porch is an open horizontal platform, the entrance to which is ensured by inclined marches in the form of a staircase from large number steps.

The most convenient width of the march is the size of 1.2 to 1.5 m. The main components are the testers - bars installed at an angle, as well as steps and railing. There is a direct connection between the width of the stage, which is 0.6 m and the width of the theater.

The main component of each stage is coming - a horizontal board, the size of 27 to 33 cm, and the risers - a vertical board, the height of which ranges from 15-18 cm. The most optimal width of the staircase is the value in one and a half inlet door. The convenient value of the height of the railing is 90 cm.

Establishment and comfort of lifting, stairs are distinguished, having a wide disposal and low risers. To connect all parts wooden stairs Using screws, nails and brackets, and for additional fixation of the handrails, glue, having a moisture-resistant base.

The staircase installed on the porch should have two supports: internal and external character. The use of a wooden console will provide internal support for the staircase, it is fixed on the chub wedge. In order to install the exterior supports, the foundation of the structure is expanding, the monolith is poured or pumped pillars made of wood.

In the process of building a horizontal platform, it is required to ensure its small bias towards the street so that water flows freely on it. In the process of formation of flooring on the site, try to leave small joints between the boards, which will help the water stack during rains.

If there is a small staircase leading to the porch (less than two steps), the construction of the fence is optional and is performed solely as a decorative element. The steps in general should be harmonized with the design of the house and with the porch.

To protect the porch against atmospheric exposure, it is recommended to equip a canopy over it. It is recommended for its finishing to use the same materials as the roof of the whole building is finished.

The playground can be part of the house, be installed with one of its sides or have a built-in form.

In order to avoid inconvenience in the process of opening the entrance door, the minimum size of the porch is 1.2 per 1.8 m.

In the process of making the porch of a wooden house with their own hands, its shape is its own. In this issue, restrictions do not exist, an option to arrange a porch, any form. The main thing is that it perfectly harmonized with a common building and coped with its functions.

In the ratio with the shape of the porch, these variations are distinguished:

• angular;
• semicircular;
• parallel;
• rectangular;
• oval;
• trapezoidal;
• straight;
• side.

Wooden porch with your own hands: technology arrangement

The procedure for building a porch consists of such steps:

• settlement and planning;
• design and purchase of materials;
• construction of a frame;
• arrangement of the site.

The first stage of work involves the work on the design of the porch. Before it is embedded, it is necessary to accurately determine the value of its main part in order to equip the foundation under it.

In order to make a porch of a wooden house with your own hands, you should purchase materials in the form:

• bars, beams and rafters with a size of 10x20 cm;
• boards, for flooring on the site, for arrangement of canopy, steps and rail - 5x15x20 cm;
• cement and sand;
• tools in the form of a saw, hammer, nails, woodless tanks, construction level, shovels, solution tank.

The best verane variants that are used in the construction of the veranda is a fir or larch. They are distinguished by high moisture resistance and resistance to external stimuli.

The initial stage of construction is the arrangement of the foundation, which is the basis of any structure.

Under the construction of a platform made of wood, it is enough to build a foundation from piles. Its cost is much lower than the belt, and the design is quite reliable and practical. In addition, for the arrangement of such a foundation, much time and effort will not need.

Note that the duration of the operation of a wooden porch directly depends on the correctness of the processing of the tree used in the process of its structure. The main requirements for the material is:

• the correctness of his drying;
• pre-treatment with antiseptics;
• processing by moisture-repellent solutions;
• the presence of insect protection.

To build the foundation, it will be necessary to equip pile pits around the perimeter of the structure. The minimum of their depth is 0.8 m. Next, the installation of piles, which fall asleep the earth and tamper.

Note that its waterproofing is mandatory for the construction of the foundation on piles, since the neglect of this process will lead to a cluster of moisture in the tree and to its destruction.

To increase the strength of the structure, it is attached to the base of the wall. Next begins to form a string. There are several types of its varieties:

• a string with the presence of carved ledges;
• the presence of inserted degrees;
• with embedded steps.

To form the same and symmetric notches, it is necessary to make molds. On the one hand, it corresponds to the size of coming, and on the other - contempt. Next, markup is made on the boards.

To increase the reliability of the design, you must take care of the connection of the tent with lags. To do this, you need to provide a ships-groove compound.

For the manufacture of this design, it is preferable to choose a metal, and to strengthen - use metal brackets.

The easiest way to install the site is the installation of boards, on the pre-constructed base of the lag. Roots and steps are fixed on the surface with self-tapping screws or ships-groove compound.

How to make a wooden porch: design options

In the process of design, the porch should use materials of only natural origin, such as stone, wood. The most common stylistic direction in the design of the porch is to use the style of country or rustic style. In the exterior of such a porch there is a combination of different breeds, textures and shades of wood.

In order to reject the naturalness of the wood, it is recommended to use natural stone in the design of the porch.

In order to dilute the boring atmosphere, use bright textural elements in the form of chairs, chairs, pillows for the design of the porch.

In addition, the presence of colors in the pots or in tubs allows you to make the atmosphere festive and friendly to meet guests.

Lamps in the form of lanterns or candle will become an excellent supplement in the roof of the terrace. In addition, on such a platform it will be relevant to install a barbecue, with which you can please the guests delicious dishescooked on the fire.

The main principle of the design of a wooden porch is the observance of its asymmetry. If on the one hand, the lamp hangs from the entrance door, then you need to install the same lamp and on the other hand, thus improved spectacular perception porch.

Installation of woven furniture on the porch will make the atmosphere of a more home and comfortable to relax. In addition, such furniture is quite stable before the exposure to moisture and temperature drop, if there is a special protective layer on it.

If desired, sculptures made of stone and wood will be appropriate on the porch. And the installation of adhesive lamps will allow you to supplement the style of the country style. Try to stick to smooth lines in the design of a wooden porch, as it is with the help of it will be possible to bring the exterior to the naturalistic style of the design.

Wooden porch photo:

The classic version of the wooden porch implies the use of a two-sheet canopy, wooden railing and a small entrance site. At the entrance is set to small flowers with flowers, and the overall stylistics is not overloaded with parts.

Production of a carved porch is a complex version that requires a large amount of forces for its structure. Such a porch has a massiveness and a large platform. For its decoration, it is used exclusively a tree that decorate the threads in the form of drawings and patterns. Special delight such a porch can be given with the help of living colors and carved railing.

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The porch needs to be addicted to the house if the height of the base part of the foundation does not allow to immediately leave the room. Due to the choice of the optimal version of the porch made of wood, not only increases the comfort of using the building, but also improves its appearance.

Designer options there is a huge amount, and there are only two architectural options.

We will tell step-by-step instructions creating both types with features and secrets of construction work. But at first should consider general requirements To all elements of the porch.

Requirements for construction standards and rules to designs

1. Requirements for the site.

   

   It can be located on separate vertical supports or on one side is fixed to the facade wall. In size, there is one recommendation - the width should allow no problem to dissolve at least two people, in most cases, a 1.5 meter is sufficient. In addition, the site should allow you to open the door to the part outside the person.

   

   In height, one limit is the level of the site must be lower than the level of the lower plane of the doors on three or five centimeters. It is explained by the fact that the porch in the winter period will be lifted, if you do not make a gap, then the doors can jam. Opening entrance doors The safety technique must be outward, and the height difference eliminates the negative effects of ground intake during freezing / size.

2. Requirements for steps.

   

   The width of the stairs is at least a meter, the height is about 16-18 cm, the length of 25-32, see how to calculate the parameters of the steps? For example, the height of the site is 120 cm, we divide this value by 18 cm and we get 120: 18 \u003d 6.66. Round up to the nearest integer, as a result, we should have 7 steps. The distance between them is 120: 7 \u003d 17.14 cm. You can make six steps to make a height of 17 cm, and the last or first 17+ (0.14 × 6) \u003d 17.8 cm. So much easier to produce the parts of the porch. If you have chosen the length of the widths of 30 cm, the lower point of the ladder support should be at a distance of 7 × 30 cm \u003d 210 cm from the edge of the site. That's all the calculations, simply and accessible, there is no need to study complex formulas.

   

Lumber for the manufacture of the porch is only qualitative, do not allow damage to pests, diseases, rotten bitch and through cracks. Breed only moisture resistant: coniferous or solid trees. Boards with significant natural development defects are also not recommended.

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Preferably materials several times to handle with antiseptics.

Be sure to use reliable waterproofing of all elements with concrete surfaces.

Take all possible measures to prevent water accumulation on steps and platform. You can do them with a slight bias or leave between individual boards of clearances in the range of 2-3 mm.

For the finish paint coating, apply only high-quality paints. They should be wear-resistant, not afraid of moisture and hard ultraviolet radiation. Another requirement - during painting surfaces exactly comply with the manufacturers' recommendations, do not try to simplify the technology by passing some stages. Remember that there are no wooden structures in the house operating in such difficult conditions. Restore the initial kind of paint is very difficult, you will have to completely remove the old coating. Such work requires a lot of effort and time, and it is rarely able to get rid of the traces of old paint.

Requirements for foundation

The porch of the tree is placed on a separate foundation, tie it to an existing tape under the house there is no need. Under the construction you can use two types of foundations: columnar or filling reinforced tile. Both of the supporting characteristics and operational indicators are equivalent.

The main task of foundations under the porch is to keep a small weight. As for the swelling, it is economically inappropriate to fight this phenomenon. Above we have already said that to eliminate negative consequences The playground of the porch is located below the door opening plane. Foundation columnal It will cost a little cheaper, but there are more problems with it during the device. It is necessary to withstand the plane of all columns horizontally, after soaring the concrete to correct the carrying surface along the water level, to make a formwork, etc.

If it is possible, it is better to pour a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of approximately 5-10 cm. The stove, among other things, will exclude germination under the porch of plants. To fight them will have to constantly, and it is difficult to get to them because small height Constructions.

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Step-by-step instructions for the construction of a chopped porch of logs

The most durable and robust design, gives the house with an original and solid look. Above the porch from the logs can be made canopies, stewing the platform with carved or accurate balusters, use other elements of the decor in the rustic style.

For the manufacture of such a porch, not only materials will be needed, but also the ability to work as an ax, to hammer the holes, chop logs under the lock, etc. The design of the chopped porch should exclude the accumulation of moisture in the internal compounds, otherwise the likelihood of rotary processes has sharply increases. Therefore, the bottom cup during the construction of the porch does not use, the bowl should always lie on the log connected up the bottom. If it is difficult to chop the bowl, then make connections in the hid, they are much easier when cabing and allow you to use chainsaw. Best tree For a wooden porch - larch or oak, but you can use cheap conifers.

Step 1. Production of concrete base.

We chose a variant of the concrete slab. Make spicy field flooring according to the calculated porch sizes, check the angles if two diagonals have the same length, the angles are 90 °.

The depth of the pit under the plate is in the range of 30-40 cm, for submailing, take a sand-gravel mixture. Each layer with a thickness of about 10 cm align both the trambut. Before sealing, it is recommended to water it with water.

For concrete on the cement bucket, you can take 3-4 buckets sand-gravel mixture, Plate thickness is about 5-10 cm, be sure to use the construction reinforcement of the periodic profile Ø 5-8 mm. To reduce the amount of penetrating moisture from the soil into the concrete on the submission, put two layers of rubberoid or other waterproofing material. Of edged board Up to 10 cm wide prepare formwork, install it at the level of the level.

Important. The top ribs of the formwork boards serve as guides during the alignment of concrete. For water drain, install a formwork with a slope of about 2-3 cm from the foundation of the house.

Fix the position of the formwork with wooden or metal stops, score them with the boards so that they do not interfere during the alignment of concrete. Fill half the thickness of the concrete into the formwork, align it and put the reinforcement, pour the second layer and smooth barn the top surface. Good trambrella mix, remove air pockets. Leave the design for 7-10 days for pouring.

Align the mixture with a shovel and rule

While the stove dials the strength, you can proceed to the preparation of sawn timber.

Step 2. Production of blanks for stairs and platforms.

To work, you need to have a log diameter with a diameter of at least 30 cm (in the width of the stage).

Thus, fees are harvested both for steps and for the site.

Step 3. fit all the plates for steps to the same width.

We have already mentioned that the width of the steps can range from 25 cm to 32 cm. Specific size, taking into account the thickness of the logs with such a calculation to reduce the amount of waste. Draw on the front surface of the lines of the cutting line on the front surface, cut the saw or shake the extra material, align the slice. To prevent subsequent chips, remove the chamfer. In the same way, separate all the workpieces on the platform and the steps.

Step 4. Preparation of the lower (busty) logs.

The first crown of the porch consists of two side lower logs, steps and covering logs. All logs need to be skilled and remove the dark top layer with a drum.

Put them on the concrete slab and measure the same height. At the end, draw a horizontal line of stece, transfer the sizes to the side surfaces in the same way as it was done during the manufacture of plates. Clear or ax, remove the excess tree, align the surface.

Practical advice. Due to the fact that concrete plate It has a slope, logs to place a thick end out. Due to this, it will be possible to reduce the amount of wood removable during alignment.

In order not to confuse the details during the assembly of the porch, numb them or marked otherwise. To facilitate the teshe, make small slots at a distance of about 2-3 cm.

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Chainsaw

Step 5. Marking of the first crown.

Put the workpiece of the first stage to the lower logs, overload it in width, measure the overall height. Due to the fact that the distance from concrete to the first stage platform we took 30 cm, measure the actual height of the collected billets. The difference of values \u200b\u200bgives us the depth of the castle. In the same way, place the locking log on the other side of the bold logs. Mark the width and position of the bowl plane. We have already mentioned that the connection is chosen the easiest option.

Step 6. Making bowls.

Initially, the saw is put on the lines to the depth of the bowl, then take a few propilov in the middle. No need to cut throughout the depth, leave a few millimeters to warn errors. In the future, if necessary, the thickness will be removed. Make the same bowls on the lower logs.

Important. Under the lower logs, be sure to use sublores from any materials that do not absorb moisture. Cut them in size, drill holes and screws or nails attach to the lower plane of bounce logs. The distance between the lining is approximately 40-50 cm.

Step 7. Making a second crown.

Place the logs and measure how much their ends need to be removed so that the plane is horizontal. If there are differences in several centimeters - no problem. This provision will improve water flow with steps. In the way there is a position in the way the position of the cup, mark the height of excess logs, which will subsequently have to be deleted. Cock the longitudinal groove and bowl, set the side logs in the place, you do not need to put anything in the groove. Check their position if the upper crown is strung, you should find and eliminate the cause of such a phenomenon.

Check the horizontality of each log

Step 8. Measurement and cutting down of the bowl of the second stage.

Do not forget to make a slope. The protrusion of the second stage above the ends of the logs should not exceed 2-3 cm, otherwise the effective ladder width will significantly decrease. Do not forget that all bowls should be located up, it means that in the lower longitudinal logs it is not done. Due to such a reception, water does not accumulate in deepening, wood dries quickly and is not exposed to putrid processes.

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In order for the steps not to be screwed, screw them with long wood screws two pieces on each side. Under the screws, it is preload to drill holes with a diameter by 1-2 mm less than the diameter of the metal body. Heads of hardware make flush with the surface of the stage.

Before final fixation, once again check the position of the steps, including the slope. Quality Test control the level. No need to seek an ideally smooth surface, the main thing that the elements are stable. Small gaps accelerate the removal of moisture, which has a positive effect on the state of wood. According to the same technology, make and put all the crowns. The amount depends on the size of the porch. On the last crown, the logs are stacked under the platform. The last crown is fixed to the penultimate sewage, the process is the same as during the construction of a church.

Practical advice. To facilitate the manufacture of a bowl of the pads in the platforms, the logs of the upper crown at the same width. This will allow you to not measure each bowl separately, but to do it on all elements the same.

Cover the top plane by the plane. At the same time, finally fir the ends of the platform logs and steps. Tension the thread between extreme, make tags and saws spill protruding end parts.

Step 9. Device of the perile fence.

For the racks, you can use accurate balasins, the height is about 1 meter. To reliably fasten the racks to steps, it is necessary to make a spike, measurements about 5 × 5 cm. The spike is inserted into the hole in the steps and log logs.

Important. The spike in the groove should be entered with the effort, do not rush right away all the balusters under one size. The exact fit is done for each separately.

Railings to balusters can be fixed with metal coal, self-pressing or also to make a spike / groove compound. A specific option for fixing depends on the form of the railing and balasine. The spikes are much easier to do on a circular. Mark on the table of the machine start and end of the spike on the machine, it will speed up the work and eliminate errors. An ax is to remove the supreme segments and slightly fill the surfaces of the spikes.

How to choose holes under the spikes in the steps?

1. State the position of the holes. Tags do under stretched ropeAll of them must lie strictly on one line.
2. Drill in the holes of the hole, in the corners of the drill bit of a small diameter (approximately Ø 20 mm), exterminate a large drill. Watch that the tool is in a vertical position, otherwise it will arise big problems. Marriage will have to correct, during fixes the size of the opening will inevitably increase. In order for the balusters not hacked, we need to put wooden wedges, and they dry out over time, the connection strength is broken.
3. Using bit, make holes. This work is difficult and long, but you should not despair. Much time will go to the first hole, then experience and work is promoted much faster. In order for the bottom of the bottom of the stage under the hole, it did not fail, remove it and put it so that the place under the hole rests onto the smooth board. To control the sizes of holes, you can make a pattern with sizes. With it, not only linear dimensions are checked, but also vertical.

Step 10. Installation of racks.