The frame of the veranda is made of planks. Do-it-yourself frame veranda - step by step instructions

Attaching a veranda to wooden houses with your own hands is not at all difficult. It is quite possible to cope with the installation of the structure on your own, and the result will be no worse than that of professionals.

The veranda is a multifunctional space.

As a rule, it is used as a summer building. It not only increases the usable area, but also makes the home more comfortable.

In the photo below you can see various options verandas attached to the house with their own hands.

You can easily and quickly attach a structure to the house with your own hands, observing certain rules.

First, it is desirable to use wood as the main frame material. It's cheap on budget and easy to install.

Secondly, the terrace should stand on a monolithic, strip or columnar foundation.

Let's try with our own hands to properly attach a wooden veranda on a columnar foundation to the main house.

The photo below shows an image of such a veranda.

Preparatory work

study the structure of the house;
draw up a project and draw a preliminary drawing of the future structure;
select materials and calculate the estimate;
take into account the type of terrain and soil;
choose a foundation suitable for the terrain and construction;
choose the option of fastening the structure.

Only after carrying out all these works can one proceed directly to the installation of the attached veranda.

Installation of the foundation

If the house has already been built, and the installation of the veranda is done later, then the installation of a columnar foundation is the best option.

To do this, we dig holes 300 mm by 300 mm in size and about a meter deep through small intervals (in order not to dig with our own hands, you can use a drill).

At the bottom of the pits, we put a layer of sand of about 20 cm (for sandy soil, it is necessary to put a layer of rubble and spill it with hot bitumen).

We mix cement with sand, fill in the solution, filling the holes to the brim. After the foundation has solidified well, we begin to lay the pillars of bricks.

We make the tables low so that the level of the terrace floor is at least 20 cm below the level of the house.

We fill the gaps between the posts with expanded clay, from the outside we coat the bricks concrete mortar- this will protect the base from moisture ingress.

After the whole structure is completely dry, you can start installing the frame. The photo below shows a site with a finished foundation.

Installation of the frame part

The erection of the frame part of the structure, which is adjacent to the house, of the whole construction takes the most time and is a rather difficult task.

It will be correct to study this process in as much detail as possible:

First you need to make the bottom harness. On brick pillars stack wooden beams by connecting their corners in a “half-tree”. Fastening can be done both with nails and with thorns, having made through holes before this;
On the entire lower strapping we cut or gouge grooves for the lags, we will lay the floor on them in the future. At the same time, we cut out the grooves in the form of cubes with equal sides of 5 cm, the distance between them should be at least 0.5 meters. So it is necessary to process the entire perimeter, then racks will be installed in these grooves;
On wooden blocks of the racks, we make spikes of the appropriate size (we expect them to fit into the grooves with tension). We install the racks strictly vertically and fasten them for reliability with the help of nails and staples;
When attaching wooden posts, do not forget about installing a transverse beam (window sill) and strengthen the fastening with spikes. The cross bar serves not only as a support for the window, but also increases the rigidity and stability of the attached elements;
At the top of the racks, we mount the upper harness using nails, spikes or staples and cut grooves in it for the rafters;
We fasten the rafters on a horizontal bar (girder) using nails and thorns. The height in this case is calculated so that the structure under construction not only fits as tightly as possible to the house, but can also go under the roof slope;
We finish the installation of the frame by fastening the end posts with anchors.

At first glance, assembling a terrace frame with your own hands seems rather difficult. But don't be afraid. It is difficult only in the first moments, and then experience comes and the process goes like clockwork.

Wall installation

We produce wall cladding according to outside starting at the bottom garter and going up to the window beam.

The process of cladding from the outside is due to the fact that, as a rule, the walls of the terrace do not require additional insulation, since the structure refers to the summer version of buildings.

Sheathing is done using laminated chipboard sheets, a wagon board or wooden shields.

If you plan to use the premises in winter, then we sheathe the structure from the inside, while using insulation. On the racks from the inside of the terrace, cut out grooves about 2 cm deep.

We install the sheathing material and fix it with inside a bar with nails.

The photo below shows a veranda adapted (insulated) for the winter period.

Installing the roof and floor

As a rule, the veranda has a lean-to roof, which is flatter than the roof of the main structure.

Let's learn how to do the roof and floor installation with our own hands:

We install a dense sheathing to the rafters (you can take uncut boards to save the budget for the project);
On the crate we make a roofing material flooring or take any other roofing material (if you want to additionally protect the space from moisture, then you need to put a layer of waterproofing material);
When laying the floor with our own hands, we nail edged boards about 3-4 cm in thickness on the logs (we use an antiseptic to treat the boards, this will protect the floor from rotting and fungi);
Next, we paint the boards or cover them with a floor covering (for example, linoleum).

After installing the frame, installing the roof will not cause you any problems. The photo below shows the assembled frame structure.

Installation of windows and doors

We insert the windows into the space between the window sill and the upper trim. We adjust the line of window blocks to one level and fix them with wedges or nails.

We install wooden frames in them and insert glass (if it is planned to install plastic or sliding windows, then they are mounted according to a certain technology, depending on the option chosen).

The door frame must fit the size of the doorway (remember this when installing the walls). We fix the opening with 2 top anchors.

We align it horizontally, focusing on the floor level, then align vertically, focusing on the racks of the door frame. After we carry out the fastening of the lower anchors.

Bottom line: so we installed the construction of the veranda to wooden house... As you can see, all the work can be done with your own hands and the result will be at a good level.

In the photo below you can see images of verandas built using the same technology with your own hands.

It will be correct if you do not fasten the terrace to the house, but only make an extension. There are 2 reasons for this:

If the foundations near the house and verandas were installed in different time(in this case, it is so, since we attached the veranda to the already standing house), then over time, they will give a different drawdown.

If at the same time the veranda is fixed to the wall of the house, then it may be distorted. In rare cases, instead of skewing, free spaces arise between the house and the veranda.

In this case, they can be removed using polyurethane foam.

A terrace that is not attached to the main building is considered a separate building and does not belong to the house, which means that payment for living space does not apply to it.

In addition, if you carry out the fastening, then after that you will have to make changes to the plan of the house, which causes a lot of problems when selling

Therefore, it is worth thinking several times before deciding to attach the veranda to the house. Based on this, we considered the option of building without such fasteners.

Each owner of a private household thinks about adding a veranda to his house. Entrance door in a dwelling equipped with a canopy or visor, it looks uninteresting. Having built a veranda, you can decorate it with curtains, hang a flower pot with flowers, or decorate it in the style you like. Being in such a building, it is pleasant to sit over a cup of tea, not being afraid of hot sun rays or drizzling rain. The sunset will be more beautiful if you watch it from a convenient location. All this will create additional comfort.

The need for a veranda. Functions, advantages and disadvantages

The construction of a structure such as a veranda is often important condition to create a comfortable stay and organize functional areas in it. Structures are of open and closed type. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include the following points:

erection of an open-type structure is not particularly difficult and does not require additional costs for the installation of windows and doors.
there is no need to lay a deep foundation for these structures.
in a closed veranda, you can place a winter garden that is not afraid of frosts, or organize a recreation area where you can stay at any time of the year.

Speaking about the disadvantages of types of verandas, it should be noted that:

closed verandas, as a rule, are insulated, heating is installed in them, which entails electricity consumption and requires additional construction funds.
furniture and other interior items on open verandas quickly become covered with dust or damp, so they must be made of moisture-resistant materials.
an open veranda will not shelter from strong winds or low air temperatures.

The need for this extension is determined by the following criteria:

First of all, it increases the useful area of a residential building, especially if it is very small.
Arrangement of a stove in it or summer kitchen in the warmer months of the year it is more practical than inside a dwelling. Additional heat and vapors do not linger, which makes cooking more comfortable.
The location of the dining room in it will move vacationers from the stuffy rooms of the house to Fresh air.
The veranda, with the appropriate design, will become an elegant architectural addition and will give the house a beautiful look.
The glazed structure will become an intermediate space between the house and the street. This will keep you warm during the cold season.

The functionality of this structure, depending on the type of building, is as follows:

thanks to its design, the veranda protects the house from various atmospheric phenomena;
the existing veranda fences will prevent the direct ingress of debris into the premises of the dwelling;
the construction of closed verandas allows winter period placing in them a large number of plants and even trees;
the sliding frame of this extension allows you to adjust the shading areas and shelter from the rain;
the extension makes it possible to be outdoors even in adverse weather conditions.

Design gallery of possible options

This option will serve as a dining room and kitchen at the same time. Fireplace in the veranda will create a special atmosphere Adjustable roof allows you to stay in the shade all day long Thanks to a convenient sliding system, this structure will break into an open veranda It won't be cold here even in colder months There are two verandas attached to the residential building: glazed and roofless The extension serves as an intermediate zone between the housing and the street Even in cold weather, this structure will be warmed up by the sun's rays. Tall plants in such a structure will be comfortable

How to attach a veranda to the house: preparation

Before proceeding with the construction of the veranda frame, you need to decide on the type of future construction. Before starting construction work, it is necessary to choose a place for its location, make the necessary measurements, prepare materials and install one of the suitable foundations. To calculate accurately required amount materials and the area occupied by the land for this extension, it should be carefully designed and drawn up.

Types of a suitable foundation

If you install a foundation made of logs, you should pay special attention to the quality of the wood. For supports, oak and larch species that have been previously treated with a bituminous mixture or fired are suitable. For these purposes, logs with a diameter of at least 25 cm are used. The method of installing these supports is similar to the construction of a columnar foundation: the bottom of the pits is covered with sand and tamped, after which the logs are placed there. For better stability, concrete is poured onto the sand layer or a wooden cross is installed.

To install the strip base, you will need a lot of concrete and reinforcing cage. This foundation consists of solid walls hidden in the ground. It is designed for heavier buildings. The lower part of this base has an extension, which creates additional stability for the entire building. In cases of unstable or loose soil, the strip foundation can be increased. When installing this base, you need to leave holes for the necessary communications.

Ribbon blocks are quite popular. For this, ready-made concrete blocks, are installed in a shallow (from 20 to 30 cm) trench, the bottom of which is compacted with sand. In this case, the block will be deepened into the ground by 2/3 of the slab. It will simultaneously play the role of foundation and base for the veranda floor.

The pillar-pile foundation consists of long columns. To install it, you need to dig holes with a construction drill. Their depth should be from 40 to 50 cm. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of rubble or gravel. Then a sleeve is inserted into it with roofing material rolled into the pipe. Concrete is poured into the resulting cavity. The supporting column is built on top of the resulting base.

The screw foundation provides for the use of metal pile elements, to the ends of which blades of various sizes are welded. This type of foundation is most suitable for unstable ground. The piles are screwed into the ground using manual power or pile drilling techniques. The strength of the base, in this case, depends on the material of manufacture and the diameter of the pipes. The screw-in depth must be below the freezing point. Usually this value is from 70 to 12 cm. Installation of screw piles is convenient because they can be installed in frozen ground.

Project drawings, dimensions

As an example, there is an open veranda with a pitched roof, installed on a columnar foundation.

Materials for this structure should be selected taking into account the design of the house.

This design is a square shape, measuring 490x500 cm. Height up to ceiling beams is 230 cm. The angle of inclination of the roof is 20 °. The distance from the lower strapping to the rafters adjacent to the wall of the house will be 420 cm. Since the width of the structure is more than 3 m, intermediate racks made of beams with a section of 100x150 mm will be used to strengthen it. The distance between the first and second row from the wall of the house is 277 cm. From the second to the third row is 180 cm. From the front side, the racks are 166 cm apart from each other. The distance between the longitudinal load-bearing beams should be from 80 to 110 cm. roofing material with a total area of 24.5 m². The height of the foundation pillars, from the ground to the lower trim of the veranda frame, is 145 cm.

On a veranda with such parameters, you can place a couple of armchairs with a table, and hang a garden swing.

1 - support board; 2 - longitudinal load-bearing beams; 3 - cross beam; 4 - racks; 5 - foundation pillars

Material selection and calculation

The most common material used in the construction of verandas is wood. It has a clear advantage over brick, metal and metal-plastic buildings. The material is easy to process, which is not typical of a metal structure. If you use shaped pipes, channels or corners, then it is convenient to mount double-glazed windows to such a frame.

A brick extension requires a deep foundation, and this is an additional cost. In addition, much more time will be spent on its construction than on a wooden structure. For cladding verandas of a closed type, glass (double-glazed windows) or polycarbonate is mounted. For the roof, metal tiles, bituminous coatings, slate and polycarbonate alloys are used. However, for better sound insulation, you should pay attention to soft shingles.

For the manufacture of a frame veranda made of wood, the following materials are required:

For bottom and top strapping:

four beams with a section of 100x200 mm, 500 cm long;
ten beams with a similar section, 490 cm long.

For vertical racks you need:

five beams with a section of 100x200 mm, 430 cm long (racks attached to the wall of a residential building), and the same amount - 285 cm each (intermediate racks);
six beams with a section of 100x200 mm, 230 cm long (front posts).
For longitudinal bearing elements (rafters), you need seven beams with a section of 100x150 mm, a length of 540 cm.
For flooring, tongue-and-groove boards with a section of 100x40 mm and a length of 490 cm are required for a total area of 24.5 m².
OSB boards are needed for the roof sheathing.
For the railing, beams with a section of 100x100 mm, with a total length of 15 m, are required.
For an x-shaped fence, similar beams are needed, with a total length of 40 m.
M-300 concrete.
Roofing material or boards for formwork.
Reinforcing rods with a diameter of 10 mm.
The roof requires soft shingles to cover 26.5 m².
Waterproofing material.

Required tools

To erect the structure of an open veranda, you will need the following tools:

Screw, bayonet and shovel.
Concrete mixer.
Capacity for water.
Screwdriver.
Electric jigsaw.
Grinder.
Electric planer.
Hammer.
Building level.
Roulette.
Large square.
Ladder.
Cord.
Pencil.

Step by step instructions: how to build a summer terrace

For the construction of a frame veranda, it is necessary to lay the foundation. When installing it, you should adhere to some construction nuances:

pits and trenches for the veranda should be at the same depth as the base of the house to which it is attached;
if the built-up area has unstable soil or there are abundant groundwater, then the pile-screw foundation will be able to cope with this problem;
it is necessary to determine the soil's ability to absorb moisture and the uniformity of the soil at the construction site.

Depending on the composition and quality of the soil, an appropriate basis for the frame is selected. In our case, this is a columnar foundation.

The base consists of individual concrete pillars set in the ground. A grillage or piping for the construction of walls is fixed on them.

Make markings for the future veranda using a cord and wooden pegs.
1 - cast-off from boards; 2 - cord; 3 - plumb line; 4 - level
Using a screw shovel, dig holes with a diameter of 40 to 50 cm, to a depth of 60 cm.
Pour wet sand at the bottom of each hole. It must be tamped to make a 20 cm thick sand cushion.
To prevent liquid concrete from being absorbed into the sand, a waterproofing layer must be laid. For these purposes, use roofing material.
Make formwork from the boards. The size of each of its walls should be 40x90 cm.
Place reinforcing bars inside the formwork.
Pour there concrete mix so that its level rises above the ground by 40 cm.
Reinforcement cage will strengthen the concrete pillar
Use stops to hold the formwork walls.
Leave the concrete to harden.
When the base has hardened enough and the pillars have formed, remove the formwork.
Use a spirit level to check the vertical position of each pillar.
Optimal dimensions for a base under the veranda
Treat them with bituminous mastic.
Tamp the soil around the pillars and install a pick-up.
Lay a waterproofing layer on the finished foundation. To do this, you need to roll up the roofing material twice.
Install the bottom trim of the structure on top. To do this, you need beams with a section of 100x200 mm. You need to cut grooves in them for installing vertical supports.
Install a floor of grooved boards with a section of 100x40 mm on wooden logs.
Install vertical supports made of similar beams into the grooves.
Grooves make the structure strong
Long supports, using anchors and self-tapping screws, are attached to the wall of the house.
Mount the upper trim of the structure. Connections of wooden elements are similar to the bottom strapping
To the upper harness, on the one hand, and the wall of the house on the other, install the extension rafter system. Arrange its elements with a pitch of 50 cm. For this, beams with a section of 100x150 mm are required.
The structure is ready for insulation and finishing
Fasten the frame of the rafter system to the upper strapping using metal corners or plates.
Metal joints will not be visible after finishing
Install veranda side rails.
Fasten the waterproofing on the rafter system, on top of which fill the crate with a section of 20x40 mm, in increments of 40 cm. Attach OSB plates to it using self-tapping screws.
Soft tiles are easy to install and repair
Now you can proceed to the installation roofing material... Laying of soft tiles is carried out from the eaves from the center of the slope. The first row of this covering must be laid 2 cm from the edge of the cornice. Lay the tiles with an overlap of 5 - 10 cm. Cover the joints with bituminous mastic. Fasten the tiles with nails on all four sides.
Exists a large number of colors and shades of soft roofs

Final finishing

Selected materials for finishing the veranda should have not only aesthetic value, but also practical. The open design is susceptible to environment... It follows from this that the finishing materials must be resistant to high humidity and temperature extremes.

The most common material that meets all the requirements of open structures is wooden lining... It is an environmentally friendly coating that is ideal for wall cladding. A veranda with this finish has a pleasant woody scent. For better joining of wooden elements, their sides are equipped with grooves. To increase the service life, this finishing material pretreated with antifungal impregnations.

The lining is easy to install, thanks to the cutouts along the edges

As finishing veranda walls use MDF boards. This material is more suitable for closed structures. This is due to the fact that moisture has a detrimental effect on the slabs, which is why they deform and lose quality.

Inexpensive and reliable material - MDF boards

The opposite of MDF boards are PVC panels, which are moisture resistant. This coating is easy to clean, it is fire-resistant, and is made with different textures and colors. The installation of these plates is very simple.

Easy to handle and install PVC panels

An affordable and practical material for finishing verandas is siding. Its texture usually resembles stone or wood. Available as long panels different colors and shades. The material is resistant to fire, decay, and has a long service life.

Siding is securely attached thanks to convenient holes

Thanks to the variety of shades, it is easy to choose according to colors buildings on your site. Vinyl siding is often used for this.

To make the exterior decoration of the veranda you need:

How and what to insulate floors and ceilings

When insulating a veranda, first of all, you need to pay attention to the floor. This is especially important when the foundation is piled, columnar, or without a continuous strip. In this case, from below, it is chipped with penofol, after which all the cracks between the boards are putty. Carpet or linoleum on a polypropylene basis is suitable as a heater for the floor surface.

If you make high-quality insulation, then you need to equip the subfloor, followed by filling and installing the finished coated surface.

The floors on the veranda can be insulated with expanded clay granules. To do this, wooden logs made of beams with a section of 40x150 mm are installed on the existing surface, with a step of 60 cm. Expanded clay is poured between them, the height of which should not exceed the upper edge of the boards. OSB plates are fixed on top of the logs, on which the finishing floor is installed.

The granules must be evenly spaced

Also, floors and walls are insulated with mineral wool... For ease of installation, it is sold in the form of rectangular slabs of various thicknesses. To insulate the floor with cotton wool, you need to cover it with a waterproofing material. For this, foamed polypropylene foam is used. On top of this layer, wooden logs are installed, with the same section and pitch. Slabs of mineral wool are tightly placed between them. If its thickness is insufficient, then the slabs are superimposed on each other, with the condition that they do not rise above timber frame... Otherwise, the insulation will hesitate and lose its thermal insulation properties. On top of it, to the lags, attach a vapor barrier material. Then the finishing is installed.

The form of mineral wool in the form of slabs is convenient for installation

Penoplex and polystyrene have proven themselves well as insulation. These materials have the same base, but penoplex has a homogeneous structure, and foam tends to crumble. This insulation is available in the form of slabs of various thicknesses. Just as in the previous versions, its installation requires a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer. Plates are fastened in the logs with plastic dowels. Slab joints are filled polyurethane foam, which serves as an additional adhesive material. OSB boards or tongue-and-groove boards are fixed on top. The ceiling is insulated according to the same principle.

Lightweight and durable material - penoplex

If the veranda is an open structure, walls of beams are built around its perimeter. Then, according to the above methods, a heater is installed. Double-glazed windows are inserted into the walls.

Video: do-it-yourself veranda

Thanks to a wide range of materials, the appearance of the veranda can be decorated in an original and beautiful way. Having insulated this building, you will enjoy the view not only of flowers, but also of the winter landscape. Lunches or evening teas will be more memorable thanks to the natural freshness and soft light at sunset, and rainy weather will not spoil the outdoor party.

Closed and open, stone and brick, with full-wall windows and half-shaded, verandas have long been transformed from small buildings that play the role of utility rooms into spacious and functional rooms. If desired, the additional area becomes both a summer dining room and a refuge on a hot day, and, subject to careful insulation, winter garden... It is difficult to say exactly what the veranda should become: with your own hands, you can create both a modest extension and a luxurious hall with equal success.

The veranda is never considered as a separate building: it is a part of the house that is attached to the main building during the construction process or after some time. Most often, it is adjacent to the facade or end side, that is, to the wall into which the door is mounted. Thus, to get into the house, you first need to go to the veranda.

Traditionally, extensions are divided into two types:

open- the upper half of the walls is absent, and the roof is supported by beams;
closed- the space free from the walls is glazed (in some cases, the area of the glass covering prevails over the area of the wooden part).

When designing the location and appearance of the extension, one should remember about harmony: the veranda should merge with the house, match its style, be built from similar materials, and fit in size. The optimal length of the room is 4-7 m, the width is 2.5-3.5 m. A smaller area is not enough, and a large one will look cumbersome.

Open-type verandas combine a porch and an equipped seating area. Wooden furniture, railings, floral decor create home comfort, although the building is, in fact, on the street

A small covered veranda serves as a hallway or dining room, especially in the summer. Here you can not only meet guests, but also chat with them over a cup of tea, comfortably sitting in an armchair.

An open veranda is a great place for a summer vacation. It has everything to have a great time: fresh air, nature, comfortable furniture and a saving shade.

Usually, even closed rooms are not heated, so the veranda is more often used in the warm season. Before starting construction, it is necessary to carry out a number of preventive measures.

Preparatory stage: documents and selection of materials

The future should be taken care of in advance. It is possible that in a few years it will be necessary to sell, donate or rent out a country house, and then documents will be needed that confirm the legality of the extension. Otherwise, you will have to pay a fine and get the same papers, but in a more complicated and long way.

The first step is to contact the design organization to draw up a drawing and a project of the future structure based on the sketches provided. In this case, it makes no difference how the veranda was built in the country: with your own hands or with the help of a construction organization. WITH finished project, a statement, a passport and documents confirming the ownership, you will have to visit several important instances and wait for approval, after which you can start construction. The final legal touch is the new registration of the house upon completion of the work.

Before visiting the design organization, you should create a sketch of the proposed veranda, where it is necessary to indicate the exact dimensions and location of doors and windows

In addition to the documentary side, there is also a financial one - the purchase and preparation of building materials. The main principle is consistency. For example, if the house is built of laminated veneer lumber, then the extension should also be made of wood. Veranda attached to brick building, must be fully or partially made of brick. Combinations such as brick and foam blocks or wood and siding are absolutely unacceptable.

The main stages of construction

One of the options suitable for self-construction, - a wooden frame veranda of a closed type. Foundation construction, wall erection, roofing works do not require large material investments and the use of construction equipment.

Diagram of the components of the veranda: 1 - racks; 2 - foundation pillars; 3 - lower strapping; 4 - drain; 5 - pick-up; 6 - glass unit; 7 - clapboard sheathing; 8 - top harness.

Do-it-yourself drawings of the veranda will help to foresee any nuances and avoid mistakes. For example, the number, size and location of double-glazed windows should be calculated in advance.

Step # 1 - erecting a columnar foundation

After removed upper layer the soil and the markings were made, they begin to build the foundation. It's great if it will be an analogue of the foundation of a house, but this is not always possible. The simplest and fastest is the columnar option.

To install the posts, use a different construction material: red solid brick, white sand-lime brick, concrete blocks, reinforced concrete beams, self-made concrete structures

Sequence of work:

along the perimeter (necessarily - in the corners) of the future extension, they dig holes for pillars with a depth of 1 m;
gravel-sand cushions are arranged at the bottom of the pits;
waterproofing (bitumen);
make a 15-centimeter concrete base;
pillars are erected from bricks with ordinary masonry.

The height of the posts is calculated based on the height of the floor of the house. So that at the end of construction the veranda roof fits under the eaves of the building, the veranda floor is approximately 30 cm lower than the building floor.

Step # 2 - mounting the frame

Creating a strong and stable frame for attaching wall elements is an important step in the construction of a wooden veranda with your own hands. The lower and upper strapping is carried out, the material for which is logs (diameter 12 cm) or beams (8 cm x 8 cm, 10 cm x 10 cm). The connection is made using a "direct lock".

It is better to start the construction of the extension frame with more powerful corner elements, gradually moving on to the rest of the details - vertical and horizontal beams

Arranging the lower double strapping, logs are cut in at the level of the 2nd log and racks are installed, which are fixed with metal brackets and nails. In the upper part, a second strapping is equipped and the rafters are installed. The upper ends of the rafters are connected to the beam under the roof slope of the building. Bolts are used to connect horizontal elements and racks.

Step # 3 - building walls and roof

How to make the upholstery of the walls of the veranda so that the frame can withstand the weight of the structure? For this, relatively light materials are used - lining or boards. Every kind wood material has its own installation features. For example, with a horizontal arrangement of elements (which is preferable), the lining is fitted close to the bar to the bar, and the boards are overlapped.

If the veranda is being erected simultaneously with the construction of the house, a one-piece roof covering is used: the roof of the house smoothly goes into the roof of the veranda

On the inside, insulating material is laid, which is sold in the form of plates or rolls. The decoration of the premises is carried out using drywall or chipboard panels. There are many options for decorating the interior interior: the design depends on the purpose of the veranda.

The roof configuration of the extension has several options, but the most popular is the single-pitched roof type - simple in execution and, as a rule, ideally combined with the roof of the house. The rafters are inclined: the upper ends are fixed under the ramp, the lower ends rest on the walls.

There are two options for decorating ceiling slabs: in the first case, they are sewn up with boards, in the second, they are left open

The roofing material is the same material that was used to equip the roof of the building. It is important that both texture and color match. Usually, when they build a veranda with their own hands, they use material that is easy to install, for example, soft tiles, metal tiles or roofing material.

The procedure for laying roofing material:

boards are attached to the rafters in such a way that a dense flooring is obtained;
with an overlap, roofing material is rolled out, securing the edges with galvanized nails;
additionally, the coating is fixed with slats located at the same distance from one another;
the lower edge of the roof covering is folded over and nailed.

Step # 4 - shaping the floor

The best material for the floor is a treated wood board with a thickness of about 30 mm.

When choosing a tone for painting a wooden floor, most often they stop at translucent paints and varnishes that preserve the natural texture pattern of wood.

The width can be different, but usually they take products of about 85-120 mm. The boards are laid on the logs using an insulating layer. The upper surface of the floor must be flat and smooth. Each part is treated with a protective agent, and after installation is covered with paint or varnish.

A closed veranda is a full-fledged housing, protected from weather troubles. Having thought over the appropriate interior, it can be turned into a study, a recreation room, a dining room or a playroom for children.

Video examples of the construction of such buildings

A veranda in the country can be built using ready-made double-glazed windows. Their sizes depend on the total area of the room and the degree of illumination. The more glass, the lighter the finished structure looks. Sliding structures are especially good, allowing you to turn a closed veranda into an open one in warm weather.

Various in type and size, purpose and outward appearance verandas have become a familiar addition to country house, a place to relax in the heat and feast on summer evenings. How to make a veranda in the country, we will tell in the article, and also consider some features of a legal, technical and architectural nature.

Veranda construction

Choice of type and location

First of all, you must decide for yourself what kind of design you want.

To do this, you should determine the following points:

The location of the building relative to the house... As you know, the veranda is attached to the front of the facade where the entrance is located or to the side of it, but not on the back wall or somewhere else;
Building dimensions... should fit well into the general style of the building and not become too bulky, while it should not be too cramped. Usually, the length is made from 4 to 7 meters, and the width is from 2.5 - 3.5 meters;
Building materials... Everything is extremely simple here: the material of the veranda must match the material of the house, or at least include them in your design. Attaching plastic structures to a stone or metal to a tree is unacceptable because of the obvious discrepancy, if not ugliness;
Whether it is open or closed, it will be a structure, whether it will be heated in winter or only serve as a summer room... The question is immediately resolved: "How to close the veranda in the country?" - it can be wood or brick, frame structure, glass and other materials that are in harmony with the house and surrounding objects of the site;
The price of the issue. This will determine what kind of materials and technologies you can afford, as well as how reliable and durable the structure will turn out to be.

As a rule, they make drawings of the veranda in the country with their own hands, so this process is not only laborious, but also creative.

Of course, if you are a wealthy person and do not want to take risks, you can hire an experienced architect or order a turnkey construction, but your own is always more expensive and nicer, believe me.

Open or closed type is also easy to determine - it depends on the frequency or constancy of your stay in country house... If it is permanent or according to the principle "back and forth in winter and summer", then it is better to build a closed and warm room, if you see the site only in summer - then stop at the summer open version.

Important!
Before starting construction, it is better to coordinate any extension with the competent authorities and re-register the house.

Legal aspect

Of course, the sonder team will not come to you the next day and will not require an Ausweiss, but if you eventually want to rent, transfer ownership of, sell or donate your house, the extension will have to be registered without fail, only through a fine and in a less acceptable way.

First of all, with ready-made sketches, they apply to the design organization, which draws up a project plan and approves its possibility.

Next, you should write a statement of your desire to build a structure, take a passport, documents on ownership of the house and land, as well as a previously approved project and visit a number of organizations that are engaged in real estate registration in your region.

Important!
Your application will be considered, and only after a positive resolution has been passed, you can safely proceed to construction.
Who, how and from what it will do it - does not affect the documents, the fact itself is important.

Construction of a wooden veranda

We make the foundation for the veranda in the country house columnar. To do this, in the corners of the structure, as well as at a distance of 1.5 m, we dig holes with a depth of 70 - 100 cm, make formwork, put reinforcement and concreting pillars, the height of which should be about 30 cm below the foundation of the house itself. Do not forget about concrete waterproofing;

From a beam of 100x100 or 150x150 cm we make the lower strapping of the posts around the perimeter, and if the length and width are large, then you can make both an internal beam and two, crossing them in the middle. Fastening to concrete through roofing material in half a tree on anchor bolts;

From a beam of 100x100 cm, we expose corner posts, posts near the doorway, and also at a distance of 1.5 meters around the entire perimeter of the structure, the height of the posts is such that the edge of the veranda roof is several centimeters below the edge of the roof of the house for the angle of the slope. We fasten with steel corners and self-tapping screws, you can make a cut and "plant" on nails;

Then, from the same timber, we make the upper harness, which will connect the outer perimeter of the extension in one line and make the frame strong and monolithic;

We sew up the walls with clapboard, taking into account window openings, from the inside of the vernade with cotton wool or foam and also sew it up with clapboard. We mount double-glazed windows and hang the door;

On the upper harness, we fill the lag system from a 150x50 board, make a crate and lay a roofing pie;

We decide how to cover the floor on the veranda in the country (terrace board, concrete screed etc.) and carry out its installation. Next, we proceed to finishing and painting.

A veranda is an extension to the house that has a common wall with it. The construction of a veranda is a great opportunity to expand the living space in a country house or in a country house without performing a full-fledged construction. By design, it can be absolutely any, the main thing is to harmonize with the main building, be comfortable, functionally correspond to the tasks assigned to it, please the owners of the cottage and arouse the envy of neighbors.

Before use, the material for the construction of the gazebo must be treated with special insulating solutions, which will make the structure resistant to environmental influences.

As already mentioned, the design of the veranda can be absolutely any, but the design is quite different:

On a columnar, strip or pile foundation (it is expensive and difficult to make a monolith);
built-in or attached;
on a common foundation with a house or on a separate one;
under a common roof or under a separate one;
open or glazed;
insulated or summer option(without insulation, but with glazing);
with frame made of different materials(wood, chipboard, aluminum, steel, and so on);
with different types material for rough sheathing;
with different kinds front finishing.

Obviously, the choice is incredibly large. But the most common and simple option construction of a veranda can be considered attached veranda under a separate roof without insulation on a columnar foundation. If you do not plan to spend the night in such an extension in the winter and do not intend to build a bulky stove on it, this option is perfect for you. You can choose the type of internal and external cladding at your own discretion: siding, lining, boards, and so on.

Foundation types.

Terms of construction of the veranda on your own

If the veranda is relatively small (it is customary to do it along the entire length of the wall of the house where there is a door) and with a low porch, then all the work can be done literally together in the shortest possible time. Most often, with a 4-6 hour working day, it takes only 4-5 days, plus some time for outdoor and interior decoration... An assistant to the master craftsman will be required at the stage of laying the heavy beams and at the stage of building the roof.

Calculation of a veranda for a country house

A veranda is a structure that requires approval and, accordingly, the preparation of project documentation. This can only be done by certified specialists, so, most likely, it is they who, according to your sketch, will make you a project on the basis of which you can calculate the necessary materials.

However, if you decide not to legitimize your extension, you can do the calculations yourself. Most home craftsmen manage with a completely approximate scheme and try to get more accurate data only for the number of beams and roofing material - both most often have to be purchased and transported from afar, and everything else can usually be "obtained" somewhere nearby.

When designing a veranda, it must be borne in mind that most often the timber that will be used for the construction of vertical racks, for the lower and upper strapping and for the logs, has a length of 6 meters. So, in order not to make unnecessary cuts and not throw away unnecessary materials, it is worth choosing the appropriate size for the veranda.

Veranda sketch.

Total we need

Cement;
sand and water for mortar;
brick (or ready-made concrete blocks, which are sold in building stores) for the installation of foundation posts (every 1.5-2 meters);
timber 150 × 150 or 100 × 100;
edged board 40 × 100;
strong steel corners;
nails;
bitumen for foundation treatment;
waterproofing (roofing material or durable polyethylene);
roofing material;
materials for external and internal cladding.

Frameless glazing of the veranda.

DIY veranda construction

After the approximate calculations are made and the material is purchased, you can proceed to the next stage - marking on the ground. It should be noted that the attached veranda will have a separate base with the main part of the cottage or summer cottage. And since they have different grounds and different weight, during freezing and thawing of the soil, each of the structures will "float", that is, rise and fall, completely according to its own physical laws. This means that if we try to "link" the veranda and the house, sooner or later they will move away from each other anyway. Accordingly, we leave a gap of 5-10 centimeters between them, which we then close with a special bar.

Veranda at the country house.

Stage 1. Building the foundation for the veranda

After we have hammered the pegs along the wall in those places where the posts for the foundation will be installed, we can proceed directly to the earthworks. The markings must be taken very seriously: subsequently, you will not have to level defects with a complex fit of the upper strapping and rafters. The marking pegs should be on the outside of the veranda walls.

Under the pillars, we dig holes about 50–70 centimeters deep and make a "pillow" for the future foundation pillars: we put 15–20 centimeters of sand into the hole, moisten and tamp. After the sand dries up, add crushed stone to a height of about 10 centimeters. On top of it we pour a liquid bitumen composition to provide the posts with reliable waterproofing.

After our waterproof “cushion” has solidified, you can proceed directly to laying the foundation pillars. They can be made from brickwork or from concrete foundation blocks. We make sure that the columns are the same in height: subsequently we will not need to fight with leveling the floor on the veranda.

If there is a cavity inside the masonry, it must be filled with some kind of construction waste - with bricks, rubble - and filled with bitumen. Outside, both blocks and bricks are best smeared with bitumen - it will not be superfluous.

The height of the blocks or pillars should be such that after laying the lower strapping, logs and boards to the floor in a cottage or house, the vertical line is 25-30 centimeters. This is necessary, since presumably the roof of the veranda will be lower than the roof of the house (if we want to combine them into general design), that is, the ceiling of the veranda will also be lower.

Important: after each stage, all new elements of the wooden structure must be treated with special antiseptics.

Veranda with outdoor fireplace.

Stage 2. Making the base of the veranda

Now that we have the foundation pillars, we cover each of them with a piece of roofing material for additional waterproofing. If it was not possible to arrange the columns exactly horizontally, then later, before laying the lags or the floor, you will have to make special pads.

Now we put the bottom harness, which will bring our structure together. We put a bar on top of our indoor waterproofing materials of the pillars, which we tie corner joint"In half a tree" is the simplest option. To give additional rigidity to the structure, you can connect the corners with nails, but it will be optimal not to use metal, but to drill holes with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters and drive thorns into them. Do not forget to coat the level of the lower trim with an antibacterial waterproofing agent for wood.

Veranda frame.

Stage 3. Making a frame for the veranda

In the corners of our veranda, we gouge or drill grooves for the installation of corner vertical posts. We put up the racks, carefully checking that they are perfectly vertical. Thorn-groove connection between the uprights and bottom strapping we reinforce it with strong metal corners or brackets. Further, according to the same principle, we put intermediate racks. Usually they are located at a distance of about 60 centimeters from one another - here everything depends solely on the wishes of the master and on the length of the material that will be used for the construction and sheathing of the frame.

Important: do not forget to clearly align the distance between the vertical posts in those places where the window and door frames will be located: the box must fit between the two vertical posts.

Corner veranda.

By mounting the vertical posts, you can immediately make a window sill beam, which we will make from a bar by connecting it to the vertical posts with a tenon connection. You can equip the sill beam later, securing it with corners. After installing the vertical posts and tying them with a transverse (window sill) beam, we once again check the strict verticality of the structure.

On top of the resulting structure from the uprights sticking out, we install the upper harness - it will also be the Mauerlat, on which the roof structure will rest. It is done according to the same principle as the lower strapping.

Now we cut in the lower strapping incomplete (half or one third) grooves for the floor joists, and in the upper strapping - incomplete grooves for the rafters.First, we put long beams along the wall of the house - the lower and upper girders (the upper one is also called the bed) - on the lower and upper strapping. We also cut grooves in the girders. We put floor logs (below) and rafters (above) across the girders, fastening them either with a wooden spike (this is most reliable) or with nails.

Veranda with wooden steps.

Stage 4. Ladder

Our design was supposed to turn out to be elevated above the ground, and in order to get to the veranda, it is recommended to purchase or make a staircase on our own. It can be a simple welded metal staircase, wooden on kosoura, made of bricks, cast in concrete. It is only important to remember that the staircase should be independent from the house - only the upper, preferably floating step, should unite it with the floor of the veranda. The staircase must be installed at this stage, so that then all the flaws in the connection (ugly joints, and so on) can be covered with floor boards.

Flooring for open areas.

Stage 5. Floor installation

The floor can be installed at this stage or later, when the roof frame is assembled, but it is more convenient to carry out construction works, walking not along the logs, but along the already prepared base. So it is recommended right now to put across the lags edged board and nail it to a bar with stainless steel nails. This can be a finishing version of a floorboard or a rough one. Later, the rough boards can be covered with linoleum or other types of flooring.

Remark: how to make a warm floor in the veranda

If the veranda is not cold, but warm, then the order of construction of the floor will be somewhat different:

1. Put the harness on top of the foundation pillars.

2. We put the girder (if it is needed, but it is needed if there is not enough length of the board, which we will lay in the next paragraph) so that the upper level of the girder bar coincides with the upper level of the strapping bar (this will easily work if you use the connection of the beams "in half a tree ").

3. On top of the girder and strapping we fill the boards.

4. Lay a waterproofing material on top of them.

5. On top of the waterproofing, we lay logs without any cutting. You can also make a cut, and bend the waterproofing material into the resulting grooves and press down with lags. We tie the logs with the second lower strapping (sometimes called the second crown).

6. Put the heat-insulating material into the resulting niches. It can be expanded clay, slab or roll insulation.

7. On top of the logs we fill the boards - this will be the final or rough floor of our veranda.

Wooden veranda.

Stage 6. Roof installation

We already have a Mauerlat or top harness and a central girder (aka a bed). Now you need to install racks from the side of the wall of the house, so that later it turns out pitched roof... First we set the corner posts, then the intermediate ones. From above we connect the racks with a ridge run, making sure that all the racks are of the same height.

Now we put the rafters with support on one side on the wall racks, on the other side on the Mauerlat (aka the top strapping). You can put the rafters with hollowing out "half a tree", or without - just attach them with corners or brackets. Do not forget that our roof should have an overhang from the side of the entrance to the veranda, as well as a small allowance from the side of the house wall so that rain and melt water does not flow down the back wall of the veranda. Also, do not forget that over the stairs, at least over the upper few steps, it would also be nice to make a visor.

Important: this article describes a highly simplified rafter system, which, however, is often used in the construction of summer cottages, verandas, and gazebos. However, in the course of work, especially if the veranda is very spacious, it may be necessary to install additional elements: struts (supports the angle between the rafter and the post), intermediate posts (also called legs or chairs), girders and puffs (connect additional intermediate posts) and other elements, which will reduce the pressure of the roofing cake and rafters on the posts and strapping, as well as maintain the clarity of the corners of the structure.

The roof of the veranda is made of polycarbonate.

On top of the rafters, we attach a waterproofing material, which we fasten with self-tapping screws. From above on the rafters we fill the boards of the counter-lattice. They will play a double role: they will press the waterproofing more tightly and form a space between the finishing roofing material and the insulator, excluding the possibility of decay of the battens and rafters.

This is followed by a layer of lathing, which is placed across the rafters and, accordingly, counter-lathing. The final stage - fixing the roofing material and sheathing the sides of the resulting gables suitable material(most likely the same with which we will sheathe the walls of the veranda).

In the formation of the roof of the gazebo, you can use a wide range of materials.

Further, if you have a warm veranda, all work is done from the inside of the house. Between the rafters, you need to fix the insulation (you can nail it to the rafters), close it with a vapor barrier layer (you can also nail it), and fill the ceiling system lathing on top. It can be a rough draft or immediately represent a final version for subsequent finishing.

Stage 7. Installation of doors and windows

If you have a sheathed veranda, and not an open one, then now is the time to install a door and window boxes... We fix the boxes with screws or nails. Fill the voids with polyurethane foam. During the external cladding of the walls, it is better to remove the sash (unless, of course, you have double-glazed windows) so that they do not suffer from vibrations when struck with a hammer or during the operation of the screwdriver.

Modern interior solutions let your imagination run wild.

Stage 8. Sheathing outside the walls of the veranda

The material for the cladding and, accordingly, the method of fastening it is chosen by the owners of the house at their own request. The main thing when installing the outer coating is not to forget about the waterproofing layer, which is attached to the counter-lattice, fixed to the vertical posts. Insulation and vapor barrier are installed from the inside by analogy with a roof. You can leave the veranda open by building only a high fence.

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